CN202625832U - Device for preparing high-grade synthetic gas by mixing and gasifying bio oil and hydrocarbonaceous raw materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a device for preparing high-grade synthetic gas through mixed gasification of bio-oil and hydrocarbon-containing raw materials such as waste engine oil obtained after biomass pyrolysis, which is composed of a raw material emulsification part and a gasification reaction part. The emulsification part is mainly to introduce bio-oil, water, emulsifier and hydrocarbon-containing raw materials into a high-speed shear emulsifier equipped with a stirring head for mixing, homogenization and emulsification to obtain a completely emulsified and uniformly dispersed emulsion , the gasification reaction part is mainly to preheat the emulsion with the gasification agent after being preheated by the preheater, and introduce it into the hydrodynamic ultrasonic atomization nozzle for atomization, and then gasify and process in the gasification reactor. Reforming conversion reaction, the obtained product is processed through the gas washing bottle and the drying tower installed at the outlet of the gasification reactor to obtain high-grade synthesis gas. The utility model not only opens up a synthesis gas production path derived from other than fossil fuels, but also effectively reduces the discharge of organic waste.

Description

A device for preparing high-grade syngas by mixed gasification of bio-oil and hydrocarbon-containing raw materials

technical field

The utility model relates to a device for preparing synthesis gas by thermochemical method of organic waste, in particular to a device for preparing high-grade synthesis gas through mixed gasification of bio-oil and hydrocarbon-containing mixed raw materials obtained after biomass pyrolysis . the

technical background

Energy and the environment are the two most important issues for realizing the sustainable development of human society. At present, 87% of energy demand and chemical raw materials come from non-renewable fossil fuels. Human beings' great dependence on fossil fuels not only brings serious pollution to the environment on which human beings live, but also due to the lack of such energy, it will become a problem for future society. potential crisis. Syngas is a mixed gas rich in H ₂ , CO and a small amount of CO ₂ , which can be used as an intermediate for refining or synthesizing various high-quality liquid fuels and chemicals. At present, synthesis gas is mainly produced through the gasification technology of fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas and oil. With the depletion of these resources, the development of synthesis gas technology from organic waste (agriculture, forestry, industry) is very important for promoting the economy. It is of great strategic significance for society to take the road of sustainable development and protect the earth's ecological environment on which human beings depend.

Biomass and other organic wastes have been paid more and more attention because of their large and extensive existence and being an environmentally friendly green energy. At present, in the rural areas of our country, a large number of agricultural straws and grain husks are discarded or rotten by themselves every year, and direct incineration of waste straws and rice husks in the field is a new and increasingly more prominent environmental pollution. If thermochemical methods are used to convert biomass into high-grade syngas to replace fossil resources, it will not only alleviate the current situation of energy shortage in my country (especially in rural areas), but also reduce pollution and improve the ecological environment, making it the most attractive Renewable Energy. There are two technical ways to prepare synthesis gas by biomass thermochemical method: one is direct gasification of biomass to produce synthesis gas; Comparing these two technologies, no matter in terms of economy or technology, the two-step process of producing bio-oil by rapid pyrolysis of biomass-bio-oil gasification to produce syngas has shown more obvious advantages: (1) Liquid bio-oil is easy to collect , easy storage, and easy transportation, it can be concentrated in a certain place for gasification, which solves the problem of large-scale collection, storage and transportation of biomass raw materials; (2) continuous feeding under pressure can be realized through oil pumps, Reduce the energy consumption of the subsequent syngas synthesis process; (3) It can avoid the slag discharge problem caused by the high-temperature gasification ash melting of biomass, and obtain syngas with higher taste than the gas obtained from biomass gasification; (4) The gas produced by oil gasification is pure, and the technical difficulty of subsequent gas conversion is relatively small. Therefore, bio-oil gasification synthesis gas technology has great application prospects. the

In addition to biomass, a large number of hydrocarbon-containing raw materials such as waste engine oil are produced in machinery, chemical and transportation industries in my country every year. According to statistics, as of the end of 2009, the number of motor vehicles in the country has exceeded 186 million, and about 7 million tons of waste engine oil have been produced, causing great pollution pressure on the environment. At present, most waste engine oil is recycled and used as fuel, which not only causes a waste of resources, but also causes very serious pollution in the natural environment after burning because it contains heavy metal compounds. Therefore, from the perspective of energy saving and environmental protection, how to effectively recycle waste engine oil containing hydrocarbons has become an urgent problem to be solved. At present, many foreign oil companies are researching and developing new waste engine oil recovery technology containing hydrocarbon materials, and domestic research in this area is also actively carried out. So far, the representative technologies are: (1), acid-clay refining type; (2), distillation-solvent refining-clay refining type; (3), distillation-solvent refining-hydrogenation refining type; (4) , Demetallization-fixed bed hydrofining type; (5), Suspension bed hydrotreating-distillation-adsorption refining type and other waste oil recovery processes. For these processes, the recovered lubricating oil fraction is generally used as lubricating oil base oil, so avoiding the decomposition and cracking of lubricating oil macromolecules in the process reaction is the key to recovery and regeneration technology. In addition, in order to avoid secondary pollution in the process, the distillation range of the process is becoming larger and more complicated, which is not conducive to the technological transformation and technological promotion and transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises. Using gasification technology, the waste engine oil is cracked and restructured under certain temperature conditions, and the macromolecules are cracked into small molecular hydrocarbons, which are then converted into synthesis gas, which provides a new method for the recycling of waste engine oil. the

Bio-oil has high oxygen content, lower calorific value than petroleum fuel, strong intermolecular force, high viscosity, low pH value, easy polymerization between molecules when heated, and poor thermal stability. Waste engine oil has high carbon content, high boiling point, and good thermal conductivity. Using waste engine oil as a heat conduction agent for bio-oil gasification, and using the mixed gasification of the two materials can not only improve the mass and heat transfer conditions of bio-oil gasification, It solves the technical problem of coking in the bio-oil gasification process, and can improve the yield and quality of syngas. In order to realize the effective mixed gasification of bio-oil and hydrocarbon-containing waste engine oil, the preparation of gasified oil droplets with uniform dispersion and small particle size is the key. At present, emulsification technology has been widely used in the refining and upgrading of bio-oil. By adding a certain amount of emulsifier and water, the mixed liquid of bio-oil and hydrocarbon raw materials such as gasoline, diesel oil, kerosene, waste engine oil or residual oil is emulsified to form a water-in-oil (water-in-oil) phase in which oil is the continuous phase and water is the dispersed phase. in oil) or the oil-in-water type in which water is the continuous phase and oil is the dispersed phase, so that the oil droplets of the fuel become finer to obtain more oxygen to support combustion and improve combustion performance, thereby reducing fuel consumption and saving energy. Similarly, by adding a certain amount of emulsifier and water to the mixture of hydrocarbon raw materials such as bio-oil and waste engine oil, an emulsion with excellent gasification reaction performance can also be obtained. the

However, the large difference in the properties of bio-oil and hydrocarbon-containing raw materials determines the importance of a suitable emulsification device for forming a fully emulsified and uniformly dispersed emulsion. Most current emulsification devices include agitators, most of which are low-speed agitators. Due to the low agitation speed, it is easy to cause incomplete emulsification, thereby reducing the gasification efficiency of the emulsion. Domestic patent CN201848221U discloses a fuel oil emulsification device, which is mainly composed of a low-speed stirring tank and a centrifugal oil cleaner with high-speed stirring effect. However, the device is limited to the emulsification of a single material, and does not mention two different The application of mixed emulsification of materials with different properties. The domestic patent CN201454475U discloses a device for continuously preparing methanol emulsified diesel oil. The device first utilizes the stirring effect in the raw material tank, and then utilizes the impact contact mode in the emulsifier for preliminary emulsification and the rotation mode of porous filler. Accurate emulsification effect, good emulsification effect , but the structure of the device is complex and the cost is high, which is not conducive to improving the economy of the entire organic waste gasification synthesis gas production system. the

In addition to the raw material emulsification device, the nozzle design of the feed inlet is also the key to improving the gasification efficiency of the emulsion and obtaining high-grade synthesis gas. Ultrasonic atomizing nozzles have been applied in many fields because of their small atomized particle size and good uniformity of atomized droplets. Ultrasonic atomizing nozzles are divided into electric type and fluid power type according to the sound source of ultrasonic waves. Electric ultrasonic atomizing nozzles require external electrical equipment, and the cost is relatively high. Relatively speaking, hydrodynamic ultrasonic atomizing nozzles have a large amount of atomization and low cost, and have better development prospects than electric ultrasonic atomizing nozzles. The research on ultrasonic atomizing nozzles with this structure is mainly carried out by the Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. At present, there is no domestic report on the application of ultrasonic atomizing nozzles in the bio-oil gasification process. the

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a device for mixed gasification of bio-oil and hydrocarbon-containing waste engine oil to obtain high-grade synthesis gas suitable for subsequent synthesis reactions for the discharge of a large amount of organic waste. the

In order to achieve the above objectives, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions: a device for preparing high-grade synthesis gas by mixed gasification of hydrocarbon-containing raw materials such as bio-oil and waste engine oil, which is composed of a raw material emulsification part and a gasification reaction part. The raw material emulsification part is mainly to introduce bio-oil, water, emulsifier and hydrocarbon-containing raw materials into a high-speed shear emulsifier equipped with a stirring head for mixing, homogenization and emulsification to obtain complete emulsification and uniform dispersion. The gasification reaction part of the emulsion is mainly that the emulsion is preheated by the preheater, then merged with the gasification agent and introduced into the fluid dynamic ultrasonic atomization nozzle for atomization, and the gasification reaction is carried out in the gasification reactor. Gasification and reforming transformation reactions, and the resulting product is processed by a gas washing bottle and a drying tower at the outlet of the gasification reactor to obtain high-grade synthesis gas. the

In the raw material emulsification part, there is a high-speed shear emulsifier correspondingly connected to the bio-oil, tap water, and emulsified oil respectively introduced by the metering pump from the bio-oil storage tank, water storage tank, emulsifier storage tank and waste engine oil storage tank. Agents and waste engine oil, of which:

The high-speed shear emulsifier includes a reaction kettle for preparing emulsion and a stirring head located in the center of the reaction kettle. The stirring head rotates at a high speed under the action of a transmission motor connected to it to generate a strong liquid Force shearing, hydraulic friction, and collision make the two groups of materials introduced by the feed ports of waste engine oil and emulsifier, bio-oil and water respectively set at the left and right ends of the top of the reactor fully dispersed, emulsified, and homogeneous. A fully emulsified and uniformly dispersed emulsion is formed, and is connected to the emulsion input pipeline of the gasification reaction part through the emulsion output port opened at the bottom of the reaction kettle. the

The emulsion input pipeline in the gasification reaction part is connected to the quartz tube gasification reactor through a shut-off valve, a metering pump, and a preheater. After the emulsion is preheated by the preheater, the viscosity can be reduced to promote Atomization of emulsions. the

A hydrodynamic ultrasonic atomizing nozzle is arranged at the inlet of the gasification reactor. the

In addition, a gasification agent input pipeline is provided, and the gasification agent input pipeline is connected to the gasification reactor from the gas compressor through a gas switch, a pressure gauge and a float flowmeter, and merged with the emulsion input pipeline into the Convergence of hydrodynamic ultrasonic atomizing nozzles. the

The gasification reactor can be placed in a high temperature resistant electric furnace, an armored thermocouple is inserted at the outlet, and the gasification reaction temperature in the gasification reactor is regulated by a temperature controller connected with the thermocouple ; In the middle position inside the gasification reactor, the asbestos-supported filler bed is sequentially filled with broken porcelain rings and coarse-grained quartz sand to promote the reforming transformation of the synthesis gas. At the outlet of the gasification reactor, a gas washing bottle and a drying tower can be provided, and the reaction products in the gasification reactor can be purified and dried respectively to remove a small amount of tar and moisture contained therein, and finally connected to Obtain high-grade synthesis gas. the

The hydrodynamic ultrasonic atomizing nozzle is composed of a shell, a deflector, a nozzle, a center rod, and a resonance cavity. The gasification agent enters the hydrodynamic ultrasonic atomizing nozzle from the air inlet, and then Through the deflector, it is jetted out from the annular channel formed by the nozzle and the central rod, and the airflow reaches the speed of sound at the outlet of the nozzle. After the emulsion is pressurized by the metering pump, it enters the ultrasonic atomizing nozzle through the oil inlet, passes through the tangential hole on the casing, and sprays out from the annular nozzle hole formed on the outer surface of the casing and the nozzle. The gasification agent is ejected from the nozzle at the speed of sound, and a stable shock wave is emitted. When there is a blunt body downstream of the shock wave, the shock wave has a certain frequency of pressure pulsation. A resonant cavity with a fixed frequency equal to the frequency of the pulsation wave is set downstream of the shock wave. Using resonance, the pressure pulsation amplitude can be greatly enhanced, and ultrasonic waves can be emitted through the joint action of the shock wave and the resonant cavity. Through the vibration of ultrasonic waves, the emulsion is well atomized. the

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages:

1. The utility model is a device for preparing high-grade syngas by mixed gasification of bio-oil and hydrocarbon-containing raw materials, using bio-oil and hydrocarbon-containing raw materials obtained by pyrolysis of agricultural and forestry waste biomass as raw materials, and through the mixed gasification of the two, it can be obtained High-grade synthesis gas not only opens up a production route of synthesis gas other than fossil fuels, but also effectively reduces the pollution and damage of organic waste to the environment. the

2. The high-grade syngas preparation device of this utility model is equipped with a high-speed shear emulsifier equipped with a stirring head, which not only realizes the effective emulsification of bio-oil and waste engine oil, but also obtains gasification reaction Emulsion with better performance and simple structure reduces equipment investment. the

3. The mixed gasification device of bio-oil and hydrocarbon-containing raw materials of this utility model is used to prepare high-grade synthesis gas. By setting up a gasification reactor equipped with a hydrodynamic ultrasonic atomizing nozzle, the effective atomization of the emulsion and the non-use Through the action of the cheap packing bed, the emulsion can be effectively gasified and reformed to produce different _H2 and CO content, low _CH4 and _CO2 content, and high H/C. High-grade synthesis gas for various purposes.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the utility model;

Fig. 2 is a structure diagram of the utility model;

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a hydrodynamic ultrasonic atomizing nozzle of the present utility model;

Description of reference signs: 1. Gasification agent input pipeline; 2. Bio-oil storage tank; 3. Water storage tank; 4. Emulsifier storage tank; 5. Hydrocarbon-containing raw material storage tank; 6. Metering pump; 7. High speed Shear emulsifier; 71. Reactor; 72. Stirring head; 73. Hydrocarbon-containing raw material and emulsifier inlet; 74. Bio-oil and water inlet; 75. Emulsion outlet; 76. Transmission motor; 8 , emulsion input pipeline; 9, hydrodynamic ultrasonic atomizing nozzle; 91, shell; 92, deflector; 93, nozzle; 94, center rod; 95, resonance cavity; 96, air inlet; 97, Oil inlet; 10. Quartz tube gasification reactor; 101. Armored thermocouple; 102. Broken porcelain ring; 103. Coarse quartz sand; 104. Asbestos; 11. High temperature resistant electric furnace; 12. Temperature controller; 13 1. Gas washing cylinder; 14. Drying tower; 15. High-grade synthesis gas outlet; 16. Gas compressor; 17. Gas switch; 18. Stop valve; 19. Preheater; 20. Pressure gauge; 21. Rotameter . the

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, the utility model content is described in further detail:

Example:

First of all, please refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, which show the flow chart and schematic diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention, which is composed of a raw material emulsification part and a gasification reaction part. Its raw material emulsification part contains:

A bio-oil storage tank 2, used to hold bio-oil, and correspondingly equipped with a metering pump 6;

A water storage tank 3, used to contain tap water, and correspondingly equipped with a metering pump 6;

An emulsifier storage tank 4 is used to contain emulsifiers, including hydrophilic emulsifiers and lipophilic emulsifiers, and a metering pump 6 is provided for the corresponding connection;

A hydrocarbon-containing raw material storage tank 5, which is used to hold hydrocarbon-containing raw materials, can use waste engine oil, etc., and is connected with a metering pump 6;

A high-speed shear emulsifying machine 7 mainly includes a reaction kettle 71. The reaction kettle 71 is also provided with a stirring head 72 inserted vertically from the top opening and located in the center of the reaction kettle 71. When bio-oil and water, waste engine oil and emulsifier When the two groups of materials are introduced by the metering pump 6 in a certain mass ratio from the hydrocarbon-containing raw material and the emulsifier feed port 73 and the bio-oil and water feed port 74 arranged at the left and right ends of the top of the reactor 71, the transmission is turned on. The motor 76 makes the stirring head 72 rotate at a high speed to generate strong hydraulic shearing, hydraulic friction, and collision, so that the materials are fully dispersed, emulsified, and homogenized to form a fully emulsified and evenly dispersed emulsion, which is passed through the bottom of the reaction kettle 71 The opened emulsion output port 75 is connected with the emulsion input pipeline 8 of the gasification reaction part. the

The gasification reaction part of the utility model bio-oil and hydrocarbon-containing raw material mixed gasification to prepare high-grade synthesis gas device includes:

A quartz tube gasification reactor 10, the inlet is provided with a hydrodynamic ultrasonic atomizing nozzle 9, as shown in Figure 3, the atomizing nozzle consists of a housing 91, a deflector 92, a nozzle 93, a center rod 94 and a resonance cavity 95 and other components, and are provided with an air inlet 96 and an oil inlet 97; the outlet of the quartz tube gasification reactor 10 is connected with a pressure gauge 20 and a float flowmeter 21 for measuring the pressure and flow rate of the prepared syngas, and enters The synthesis gas is purified and dried in the scrubber 13 and the drying tower 14 to obtain a high-grade synthesis gas 15 with high H ₂ and CO content, low CH ₄ and CO ₂ content, and relatively high H/C; the gasification reactor 10 is placed in a high-temperature-resistant electric furnace 11, an armored thermocouple 101 is inserted at the outlet, and the gasification reaction temperature in the gasification reactor 10 is adjusted through a temperature controller 12 connected with the thermocouple 101; in the gasification reactor 10 In the middle position of the interior, a packing bed composed of broken ceramic rings 102, coarse-grained quartz sand 103 and asbestos 104 is filled sequentially from top to bottom. After the emulsion is atomized by the ultrasonic atomizing nozzle 9, the space above the packing bed Perform partial oxidation, pyrolysis and gasification reactions to generate combustible gas, then flow through the packed bed for effective reforming transformation, and then flow out from the outlet of the gasification reactor 10;

A gasification agent input pipeline 1, connected to the gas compressor 16, through the gas switch 17, pressure gauge 20 and float flow meter 21, after adjusting the appropriate pressure and flow rate, the gasification agent input pipeline 1 is introduced into the ultrasonic atomizing nozzle 9 air inlet 96;

An emulsion input pipeline 8 is connected to the emulsion output port 75 opened at the bottom of the reaction kettle 71, and is introduced into the preheater 19 through the stop valve 18 and the metering pump 6, and the emulsion is preheated to 60-75°C by the preheater 19 ℃, reduce the viscosity of the emulsion, promote its atomization feed, and lead it into the oil inlet 97 of the ultrasonic atomizing nozzle 9 from the emulsion input pipeline 8, and merge with the gasification agent input pipeline 1 into The hydrodynamic ultrasonic atomizing nozzle 9 performs ultrasonic atomization. the

In this embodiment, the temperature of the quartz tube gasification reactor 10 is generally between 700°C and 1100°C, more preferably between 1000°C and 1100°C; The mass ratio of the material, and the operating conditions such as the type and flow rate of the gasification agent introduced by the gasification agent input pipeline 1 can be adjusted by the metering pump 6, the gas compressor 16 and the float flow meter 21 respectively, so as to obtain different High-grade synthesis gas for various purposes. the

The above descriptions are only illustrative specific implementations of the present invention in the laboratory stage, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principles of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. the

Claims (3)

1. A device for preparing high-grade synthesis gas by mixed gasification of bio-oil and hydrocarbon-containing raw materials, characterized in that the device is composed of a raw material emulsification part and a gasification reaction part; the raw material emulsification part is provided with a high-speed shear emulsifier ( 7) Correspondingly connected to the bio-oil, water, emulsifier (4) and hydrocarbon-containing raw material Tap water, emulsifier and hydrocarbon-containing raw materials, the high-speed shear emulsifier (7) includes a reactor (71) with a stirring head located in the center of the reactor; the gasification reaction part is provided with a reactor connected to the reactor (71) The emulsion input pipeline (8) at the emulsion output port, the emulsion input pipeline (8) is connected to the quartz tube gasification reaction through the stop valve (18), the metering pump (6) and the preheater (19) A hydrodynamic ultrasonic atomizing nozzle (9) is provided at the inlet of the device (10), and a gasification agent input pipeline (1) is provided from the gas compressor (16) through the gas switch (17), pressure gauge (20) The rotameter (21) is connected to the ultrasonic atomizing nozzle (9), and the outlet of the gasification reactor (10) is connected to the high-grade synthesis gas outlet (15) through the gas washing bottle (13) and the drying tower (14). 2. The device for preparing high-grade synthesis gas by mixed gasification of bio-oil and hydrocarbon-containing raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, the left and right ends of the top of the reaction kettle (71) are respectively provided with hydrocarbon-containing raw materials The hydrocarbon-containing raw material and the emulsifier inlet (73) and the bio-oil and water inlet (74) for the two groups of materials of the emulsifier, bio-oil and water, and the reaction kettle (71) is also provided with a vertical opening from the top opening. Insert the stirring head (72) located in the center of the reaction kettle (71), and the bottom of the reaction kettle (71) is provided with an emulsion output port (75) for the emulsion. 3. The device for preparing high-grade syngas by mixed gasification of bio-oil and hydrocarbon-containing raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the gasification reactor (10) is placed in a high-temperature resistant electric furnace (11), The armored thermocouple (101) connected to the temperature controller (12) is inserted at the outlet, and the broken ceramic rings (102) are sequentially filled on the packing bed supported by asbestos (104) in the gasification reactor (10) ) or coarse-grained quartz sand (103). the

Images