CN202546734U - Novel high-efficiency vaporizing combustion compounded fire grate device with slag crushing function - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a new high-efficiency gasification combustion composite grate device with a slag function. In the existing incinerator, the fuel mixing is not good enough, the combustion is insufficient, resulting in low thermal efficiency, and the maintenance and maintenance costs of the grate system are high. The utility model adopts a two-stage composite structure. On the front reciprocating grate, the waste is dried, gasified and partially burned, and the unburned part falls on the rear-end rotary grate device, is squeezed and crushed, and is fully mixed before burning. do. The reciprocating grate adopts multi-air outlet segmented air distribution method to achieve reasonable air distribution, and the long rear arch increases the radiant heat on the grate, which is conducive to the ignition of low calorific value waste. The utility model effectively improves the disadvantages of poor mixing and low burnout rate of traditional grate incineration devices, and at the same time can reduce the area of high-temperature-resistant grate pieces and reduce investment.

Description

A new high-efficiency gasification combustion composite grate device with slag function

technical field

The utility model belongs to the field of environmental engineering, in particular to a novel high-efficiency gasification combustion composite fire grate device with the function of crushing slag.

Background technique

At present, incineration is a very effective method of waste disposal, which can maximize the reduction, harmlessness and resource utilization of urban domestic waste. Among the many waste incineration equipment, the grate furnace is a main type of furnace. At present, most of the grate furnaces in our country either learn from the existing incinerators abroad, introduce or imitate foreign furnace types or equipment systems; or use general coal-fired boilers or other industrial furnaces as a reference to transplant these combustion technologies and processes. Carry out waste incineration. However, due to the particularity of waste components in my country and the weak research foundation of grate incineration technology and equipment development, most of the incineration grate furnaces in my country currently have many problems, such as insufficient fuel mixing and insufficient combustion leading to thermal efficiency. Low, overhaul and maintenance costs of the grate system are high.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the utility model provides a novel high-efficiency gasification combustion composite grate device with the function of crushing slag. The device includes a furnace, a feeding system, an ash collecting system, an air distribution system and a two-stage Grate device. The ash collection system includes ash cleaning door, ash outlet, unloading conical funnel and material seal pipe. The air distribution system includes primary air outlet, No. 1 secondary air outlet, No. 2 secondary air outlet, No. 3 secondary air outlet The secondary tuyere and the tertiary tuyere, the two-stage grate device includes a front reciprocating grate and a rear rotary grate. The interior of the furnace is provided with a radiant back arch, and the angle between the horizontal planes of the radiant back arch is 10°. The feeding system includes a feeding hopper and a screw feeder. The feeding hopper is installed on the upper side of the furnace front wall, and the screw feeder is arranged under the furnace front wall and the feeding hopper and connected with the feeding hopper; the front section is reciprocating The grate is installed at the bottom of the furnace. The inclination angle between the reciprocating grate and the horizontal plane is 5°~10°, and it is supported by joists. The reciprocating motion of the grate is driven by hydraulic pressure. Coal equipment, the reciprocating grate includes fixed grate and movable grate, the fixed grate and movable grate are respectively connected with the fixed beam and the movable beam, the cooling pipe is arranged under the The primary tuyere includes three independent air chambers. The three primary air chambers are independent of each other and are arranged under the reciprocating grate. The upper part of the ash discharge port is connected with the primary tuyere; There are teeth distribution, the rotary grate is driven by the motor drive device, the motor drive device drives the turntable through the transmission gear, the turntable is located under the rotary grate and drives the rotary grate to rotate, and is set at the tail of the furnace; the third tuyere is set at the bottom of the rotary grate Below, the unloading conical funnel is located below the tertiary tuyere and connected to the material sealing pipe. The No. 1 secondary tuyere and No. 2 secondary tuyere are arranged in the vertical flue on the upper part of the furnace, symmetrically arranged in front and rear walls, and the No. 3 secondary tuyere It is arranged under the rear arch of the rear wall of the hearth.

Beneficial effects: the fuel is dried, pyrolyzed and partially burned on the reciprocating grate. Both the primary tuyere and the secondary tuyere adopt the method of multi-air chamber segmented air distribution, which increases the disturbance and makes the air distribution more reasonable, which is beneficial Pyrolysis of fuel, precipitation of volatile matter and full combustion; the arrangement of rotating grate and tertiary air is added at the tail, which can break and stir the unburned large solids, effectively ensure the full mixing of the fuel combustion process, and achieve low The carbon content of the ash and slag improves the combustion efficiency; the furnace adopts the layout of the long rear arch, which strengthens the "α" type flue gas return and radiation of the front arch, thereby increasing the combustion temperature in the grate and the furnace, which is conducive to low heat Value fuel ignition and combustion, and achieve low pollutant emissions. The utility model effectively improves the disadvantages of poor mixing and low burnout rate of traditional grate incineration devices, and can reduce the area of high-temperature-resistant grate pieces and reduce investment.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the high-efficiency waste gasification combustion composite fire grate device introduced by the utility model;

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the utility model reciprocating grate and primary air system;

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the rotary grate and the tertiary air system of the utility model.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figure 1, a new high-efficiency gasification combustion composite grate device with slag function, the main structure includes a furnace 12, a feeding system, an ash collection system, an air distribution system and a two-stage grate device. Wherein the ash collection system includes ash cleaning door 19, ash outlet 6, unloading conical funnel 9 and material seal pipe 24, and the air distribution system includes primary air outlet 5, No. 1 secondary air outlet 1, No. 2 secondary air outlet 11, No. 3 secondary tuyere 14 and tertiary tuyere 7, the two-stage fire grate device includes the front section reciprocating fire grate 2 and the rear section rotary fire grate 10, the inside of the furnace 12 is provided with a radiation back arch 13, and the radiation back arch 13 is horizontal The angle between the back arch and the horizontal is 10°. The rear arch is made of high-temperature and corrosion-resistant pouring materials, and the temperature resistance is greater than 1200 °C. The long furnace arch design strengthens the "α" type flue gas return and radiation of the front arch, thereby increasing the combustion temperature in the grate and furnace, which is conducive to the ignition and combustion of fuels with low calorific value, and realizes low pollutant emissions. The material system is arranged on the upper side of the front wall of the furnace, and the front reciprocating grate 2 is installed at the bottom of the furnace 12. The primary tuyere 5 includes three independent air chambers, and the three primary air chambers are independent of each other, and are arranged on the reciprocating grate. 2, the upper part of the ash outlet 6 is connected to the primary tuyere 5, the rear rotary grate 10 is arranged at the tail of the furnace 12, and the tertiary tuyere 7 is arranged below the rotary grate 10. The unloading conical funnel 9 is located below the tertiary tuyere 7 and is connected to the material seal pipe 24. The No. 1 secondary tuyere 1 and the No. 2 secondary tuyere 14 are arranged in the vertical flue on the upper part of the furnace 12, and the front and rear walls are arranged symmetrically. No. 2 secondary tuyeres 11 are arranged below the rear arch 13 of the rear wall of the furnace 12 .

The feeding system includes a feeding hopper 3 and a screw feeder 4. The feeding hopper 3 is installed on the upper side of the front wall of the furnace, and the screw feeder 4 is arranged under the front wall of the furnace and the feeding hopper 3 and is connected with the feeding hopper 3. Connected, the fuel in the hopper can be evenly transported to the furnace for gasification and combustion. the

As shown in Fig. 2, the inclination angle between the reciprocating fire grate 2 and the horizontal plane is 5°-10°, supported by joists 20, and the reciprocating motion of the fire grate is driven by hydraulic pressure. Coal retaining devices 16 are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the front section of the reciprocating grate 2. The reciprocating grate 2 includes a fixed grate piece and a movable grate piece. The fixed grate piece and the movable grate piece are respectively connected with the fixed beam 15 and the movable beam 17. The cooling pipe 18 is arranged below the reciprocating fire grate 2 and is connected with the reciprocating fire grate 2 through a pipeline.

As shown in Figure 3, the rotary grate 10 is hemispherical, with teeth distributed on it, and the rotary grate 10 is driven by the motor drive device 8, and the rotary grate 10 is driven by the motor drive device 8, and the motor drive device drives the turntable through the transmission gear. 21. The turntable 21 is located below the rotary grate and drives the rotary grate to rotate.

When working, the fuel is first sent into the feed hopper 3 by the grab bucket, and the fuel is sent into the furnace through the screw feeder 4 connected with the feed hopper 3 and falls on the reciprocating grate 2, and the grate is vibrated and The reciprocating motion continues to advance and realize the pyrolysis of fuel, the precipitation of volatile matter and the partial combustion of coke. The volatile matter enters the furnace 12 with the primary air and is fully burned. After the fuel is burned, the remaining ash falls into the rotary grate 10 at the end of the furnace through the sliding wall in the furnace, and the small pieces of debris fall into the discharge conical funnel 9 through the gap between the rotary grate 10 and the furnace. The ash slag is broken into small slag by the rotary extrusion of the rotary grate 10, and the unfinished carbon hidden in the large ash slag is also broken out, and it is completely and fully burned by the feeding of the tertiary air. Simultaneously, the burning flue gas flows upwards with the furnace, and forms a flow around the back arch 13 of the furnace, thereby achieving the purpose of heating the grate and increasing the radiation in the furnace, making it easier for fuels with low calorific value to ignite and burn.

Claims (2)

1. A new type of high-efficiency gasification combustion composite fire grate device with slag function, which is characterized in that: the device includes a furnace, a feeding system, an ash collection system, an air distribution system and a two-stage fire grate device; the ash collection The system includes the ash cleaning door, the ash outlet, the discharge cone funnel and the material sealing pipe. The air distribution system includes the primary air outlet, the first secondary air outlet, the second secondary air outlet, the third secondary air outlet and the third air outlet. The grate device includes a reciprocating grate in the front section and a rotary grate in the back section. The inside of the furnace is provided with a radiant back arch, and the angle between the horizontal plane of the radiant back arch is 10°; the feeding system includes a hopper and a screw feeder , the feeding hopper is installed on the upper side of the furnace front wall, the screw feeder is arranged under the furnace front wall and the feeding hopper and connected with the feeding hopper; the reciprocating grate in the front section is installed at the bottom of the furnace, and the reciprocating grate The inclination angle with the horizontal plane is 5°～10°, and it is supported by joists. The reciprocating motion of the grate is driven by hydraulic pressure. Coal retaining devices are arranged on the left and right sides of the front section of the reciprocating grate. The reciprocating grate includes fixed grate pieces and The movable grate, the fixed grate and the movable grate are respectively connected with the fixed beam and the movable beam. The cooling pipe is arranged under the reciprocating grate and is connected with the reciprocating grate through pipes. The primary tuyere includes three independent Air chamber, three primary air chambers are independent of each other, set under the reciprocating grate, the upper part of the ash discharge port is connected with the primary air port; the rear part of the rotary grate is hemispherical, with teeth distributed on it, and the rotary grate is driven by a motor drive device , the motor drive device drives the turntable through the transmission gear. The turntable is located under the rotary grate and drives the rotary grate to rotate, and is installed at the tail of the furnace; the third tuyere is set under the rotary grate, and the discharge cone funnel is located below the third tuyere. And it is connected with the material seal pipe. The No. 1 secondary tuyere and No. 2 secondary tuyere are arranged in the vertical flue on the upper part of the furnace, symmetrically arranged on the front and rear walls, and the No. 3 secondary tuyere is arranged under the rear arch of the furnace back wall. 2. The novel high-efficiency gasification combustion composite fire grate device with slag function according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear arch is made of high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant pouring materials, and the temperature resistance is greater than 1200°C.

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