CN202424506U - Single-stage high power factor correction converter with low output power frequency ripple wave - Google Patents
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种低输出工频纹波的单级高功率因数校正变换器。单相PFC变换器的直流输出电容与DC/DC变换器的输出电容串联，控制DC/DC变换器的输出电压来补偿单相PFC变换器直流输出电压的二倍工频纹波，进而降低甚至消除单相PFC变换器直流输出电压的纹波成分，并提高PFC变换器的动态响应速度。本实用新型在实现了高功率因数的同时消除了单相PFC变换器的输出工频纹波电压(电流)，提高了系统的动态响应，同时也克服了传统两级功率因数校正变换器效率低、成本高的问题。
The utility model discloses a single-stage high power factor correction converter with low output power frequency ripple. The DC output capacitor of the single-phase PFC converter is connected in series with the output capacitor of the DC/DC converter to control the output voltage of the DC/DC converter to compensate the double power frequency ripple of the DC output voltage of the single-phase PFC converter, thereby reducing or even The ripple component of the DC output voltage of the single-phase PFC converter is eliminated, and the dynamic response speed of the PFC converter is improved. The utility model eliminates the output power frequency ripple voltage (current) of the single-phase PFC converter while realizing the high power factor, improves the dynamic response of the system, and also overcomes the low efficiency of the traditional two-stage power factor correction converter , The problem of high cost.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本实用新型涉及输出串联DC-DC实现低输出工频纹波的单级高功率因数校正变换方法及其装置，尤其涉及消除工频纹波的高功率因数单级AC/DC隔离和非隔离式开关变换方法。The utility model relates to a single-stage high power factor correction conversion method and a device for outputting series DC-DC to realize low output power frequency ripple, in particular to a high power factor single-stage AC/DC isolation and non-isolation type for eliminating power frequency ripple Switch transformation method.
背景技术 Background technique
近年来，电力电子技术迅速发展，作为电力电子领域重要组成部分的电源技术逐渐成为应用和研究的热点。电源作为各种电子设备必不可少的组成部分，其性能的优劣直接关系到整个系统安全性和可靠性的高低。随着电力电子器件制造技术和变流技术的进步，开关电源以其效率高、功率密度高而确立了其在电源领域中的主流地位。开关电源多数是通过整流器接入电网的，传统的整流器是由二极管或晶闸管组成的一个非线性电路。因此，传统的开关电源存在一个致命的弱点，即功率因数较低(一般仅为0.45～0.75)，它在电网中会产生大量的电流谐波和无功功率而污染电网，开关电源现已成为电网中最主要的谐波源之一。针对高次谐波的危害，从1992年起国际上开始以立法的形式限制高次谐波，传统整流器因谐波远远超标而面临前所未有的挑战。抑制开关电源产生谐波的方法主要有两种：一是被动法，即采用无源滤波或有源滤波电路来旁路或消除谐波；二是主动法，即设计新一代高性能整流器，它具有输入电流为正弦波、谐波含量低以及功率因数高等特点，即具有功率因数校正功能。开关电源功率因数校正研究的重点，主要是功率因数校正电路拓扑的研究和功率因数校正控制集成电路的开发。现有Buck、Boost、Buck-Boost等多种功率因数校正电路拓扑结构。功率因数校正控制集成电路负责检测变换器的工作状态，并产生脉冲信号控制开关装置，调节传递给负载的能量以稳定输出；同时保证开关电源的输入电流跟踪电网输入电压，实现接近于1的功率因数。In recent years, power electronics technology has developed rapidly, and power supply technology, which is an important part of the power electronics field, has gradually become a hot spot in application and research. As an indispensable part of various electronic equipment, the performance of the power supply is directly related to the safety and reliability of the entire system. With the advancement of power electronic device manufacturing technology and converter technology, switching power supply has established its mainstream position in the field of power supply because of its high efficiency and high power density. Most switching power supplies are connected to the power grid through a rectifier. The traditional rectifier is a nonlinear circuit composed of diodes or thyristors. Therefore, the traditional switching power supply has a fatal weakness, that is, the power factor is low (generally only 0.45 to 0.75), which will generate a large number of current harmonics and reactive power in the grid and pollute the grid. One of the most important harmonic sources in the power grid. Aiming at the harm of high-order harmonics, since 1992, the international community began to restrict high-order harmonics in the form of legislation. Traditional rectifiers are facing unprecedented challenges because the harmonics far exceed the standard. There are two main methods for suppressing harmonics generated by switching power supplies: one is the passive method, that is, using passive filtering or active filtering circuits to bypass or eliminate harmonics; the other is the active method, that is, designing a new generation of high-performance rectifiers, which It has the characteristics of sine wave input current, low harmonic content and high power factor, that is, it has the function of power factor correction. The focus of research on switching power supply power factor correction is mainly the research of power factor correction circuit topology and the development of power factor correction control integrated circuits. Various power factor correction circuit topologies such as Buck, Boost, and Buck-Boost are available. The power factor correction control integrated circuit is responsible for detecting the working state of the converter, and generating a pulse signal to control the switching device, adjusting the energy delivered to the load to stabilize the output; at the same time, it ensures that the input current of the switching power supply tracks the input voltage of the power grid to achieve a power close to 1 factor.
传统的有源功率因数校正变换器其直流输出电压包含有二倍工频纹波，若二倍工频输出电压纹波被引入功率因数校正控制器中，会使功率因数校正变换器的输入电流含有三次谐波电流成分，降低了功率因数校正变换器的输入功率因数。因此传统有源功率因数校正变换器的直流输出电压反馈控制环截止频率低(一般仅为10～20Hz)，这严重影响功率因数校正变换器对负载变化的动态响应能力。此外，由于有源功率因数校正变换器的直流输出电压纹波较大，需在功率因数校正变换器输出端再接一个DC/DC变换器来提高负载直流输出电压的稳态精度和对负载变化的动态响应能力。在高功率因数的应用电路中，输入电流严格跟踪输入交流电压，交流输入侧的输入功率也是变化的，其变化频率为交流输入电压频率的两倍，经过功率变换后，直流输出端滤波器上会有两倍工频纹波；并且实现了高功率因数的AC/DC变换器带宽较小，动态性能差，纹波通常是额定输出的2％～20％。The DC output voltage of the traditional active power factor correction converter contains double power frequency ripple. If the double power frequency output voltage ripple is introduced into the power factor correction controller, the input current of the power factor correction converter will It contains the third harmonic current component, which reduces the input power factor of the power factor correction converter. Therefore, the cut-off frequency of the DC output voltage feedback control loop of the traditional active power factor correction converter is low (generally only 10-20 Hz), which seriously affects the dynamic response capability of the power factor correction converter to load changes. In addition, due to the large DC output voltage ripple of the active power factor correction converter, it is necessary to connect a DC/DC converter at the output of the power factor correction converter to improve the steady-state accuracy of the load DC output voltage and the response to load changes. dynamic responsiveness. In the application circuit with high power factor, the input current strictly follows the input AC voltage, and the input power on the AC input side also changes, and its change frequency is twice the frequency of the AC input voltage. After power conversion, the filter on the DC output terminal There will be twice the power frequency ripple; and the AC/DC converter with high power factor has a small bandwidth and poor dynamic performance, and the ripple is usually 2% to 20% of the rated output.
实用新型内容 Utility model content
本实用新型的目的是提供一种输出串联DC/DC实现低输出工频纹波的单级高功率因数校正变换器，使其具有动态响应性能好、效率高，适用于各种拓扑结构的单相PFC变换器。The purpose of this utility model is to provide a single-stage high power factor correction converter with output series DC/DC to realize low output power frequency ripple, so that it has good dynamic response performance and high efficiency, and is suitable for single-stage converters with various topological structures. phase PFC converter.
所采用的技术方案是：The technical solutions adopted are:
一种低输出工频纹波的单级高功率因数校正变换器，单相PFC变换器直流输出电容C1的上端接负载R的上端，单相PFC变换器直流输出电容C1的下端接DC/DC变换器直流输出电容C2的上端，DC/DC变换器直流输出电容C2的下端接负载R的下端，同时负载R的下端接地。A single-stage high power factor correction converter with low output power frequency ripple, the upper end of the DC output capacitor C1 of the single-phase PFC converter is connected to the upper end of the load R, and the lower end of the DC output capacitor C1 of the single-phase PFC converter is connected to DC/DC The upper end of the DC output capacitor C2 of the converter and the lower end of the DC output capacitor C2 of the DC/DC converter are connected to the lower end of the load R, while the lower end of the load R is grounded.
这样，单相PFC变换器直流输出电容C1的上端接负载R的上端，单相PFC变换器直流输出电容C1的下端接DC/DC变换器直流输出电容C2的上端，DC/DC变换器直流输出电容C2的下端接负载R的下端，同时负载R的下端接地。DC/DC变换器控制单元的参考电压Vref1是相对于Vout-的直流电压，反馈电压为Vout+。其中Vout+和Vout-是最终负载侧两端的电压。DC/DC变换器的输入电压为储能电容C3电压，储能电容C3通过单相PFC变换器的电感耦合绕组方式，利用C4、D3、D2来获得能量，其中D3的阳极接DC/DC变换器的参考地Vout-。其控制方式可以是峰值电流模式控制等，得到功率开关Q2的控制脉冲信号。单相PFC变换器控制单元的参考电压Vref2是相对于C1与C2的连接点PFC_GND，也是PFC控制器的相对参考地。其反馈电压为Vout+与PFC_GND之间的压差。其控制方式可以是平均电流模式控制、单周期控制等，得到功率开关Q1的控制脉冲信号。In this way, the upper end of the DC output capacitor C1 of the single-phase PFC converter is connected to the upper end of the load R, the lower end of the DC output capacitor C1 of the single-phase PFC converter is connected to the upper end of the DC output capacitor C2 of the DC/DC converter, and the DC/DC converter DC The lower end of the output capacitor C2 is connected to the lower end of the load R, while the lower end of the load R is grounded. The reference voltage Vref1 of the DC/DC converter control unit is a DC voltage relative to Vout-, and the feedback voltage is Vout+. where Vout+ and Vout- are the voltages across the final load side. The input voltage of the DC/DC converter is the voltage of the energy storage capacitor C3. The energy storage capacitor C3 uses the inductive coupling winding method of the single-phase PFC converter to obtain energy by using C4, D3, and D2. The anode of D3 is connected to the DC/DC conversion The reference ground Vout- of the device. The control method may be peak current mode control, etc., to obtain the control pulse signal of the power switch Q2. The reference voltage Vref2 of the single-phase PFC converter control unit is relative to the connection point PFC_GND of C1 and C2, which is also the relative reference ground of the PFC controller. Its feedback voltage is the voltage difference between Vout+ and PFC_GND. The control method may be average current mode control, single-cycle control, etc., to obtain the control pulse signal of the power switch Q1.
采用以上装置可以方便可靠地实现本实用新型以上方法。The above method of the utility model can be realized conveniently and reliably by adopting the above device.
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本实用新型作进一步详细的说明。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, the utility model is described in further detail.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型的系统结构框图。Fig. 1 is a system structure diagram of the utility model.
图2为本实用新型实施例一非隔离型AC/DC变换器电路结构示意图Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a non-isolated AC/DC converter of the utility model embodiment
图3，4，5为实施例一的一种应用电路的仿真波形，仿真条件输入电压110Vac/50Hz，最大负载200W。Boost PFC工作在CCM模式，采用平均电流模式控制；纹波补偿DC/DC变换器为峰值电流模式控制。Figures 3, 4, and 5 are simulation waveforms of an application circuit of
图3为满载情况下(200W)纹波补偿DC/DC变换器输出电压(PFC_GND-(Vout-))、Boost PFC变换器输出电压((Vout+)-PFC_GND)、及最终负载端的电压((Vout+)-(Vout-))。可见DC/DC变换器的输出电压纹波与Boost PFC变换器的输出电压纹波反向，幅值相等，从而在负载端实现了低的输出二倍工频纹波电压。Figure 3 shows the output voltage of the ripple-compensated DC/DC converter (PFC_GND-(Vout-)), the output voltage of the Boost PFC converter ((Vout+)-PFC_GND), and the voltage at the final load terminal ((Vout+) under full load (200W) )-(Vout-)). It can be seen that the output voltage ripple of the DC/DC converter is opposite to the output voltage ripple of the Boost PFC converter, and the amplitude is equal, thereby realizing a low output double power frequency ripple voltage at the load end.
图4为满负载情况下(200W)交流输入电压与交流输入电流的波形，可见输入电流很好的跟踪了输入电压。Figure 4 shows the waveforms of AC input voltage and AC input current under full load (200W). It can be seen that the input current tracks the input voltage very well.
图5为输出功率从100W突变到200W时，负载电流(I_R)和负载电压(Vout+)的波形，可见该实用新型很好的提高了系统的动态性能。Figure 5 shows the waveforms of the load current (I_R) and load voltage (Vout+) when the output power changes from 100W to 200W. It can be seen that the utility model has improved the dynamic performance of the system.
图6为本实用新型实施例二隔离型AC/DC变换器电路结构示意图。FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the isolated AC/DC converter in
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
在图1中为本实用新型的基本方案：低输出工频纹波的单级高功率因数校正变换器由整流滤波器，单相PFC变换器，DC/DC变换器组成。单相PFC变换器(单级AC/DC)直流输出电容C1的上端接负载R的上端，单相PFC变换器直流输出电容C1的下端接DC/DC变换器直流输出电容C2的上端，DC/DC变换器直流输出电容C2的下端接负载R的下端，同时负载R的下端接地。In Fig. 1 is the basic scheme of the utility model: a single-stage high power factor correction converter with low output power frequency ripple is composed of a rectifier filter, a single-phase PFC converter, and a DC/DC converter. The upper end of the DC output capacitor C 1 of the single-phase PFC converter (single-stage AC/DC) is connected to the upper end of the load R, and the lower end of the DC output capacitor C 1 of the single-phase PFC converter is connected to the upper end of the DC output capacitor C 2 of the DC/DC converter , the lower end of the DC output capacitor C 2 of the DC/DC converter is connected to the lower end of the load R, and at the same time, the lower end of the load R is grounded.
实施例一Embodiment one
图2示出，本实用新型的一种具体实施方式为，一种开关电源的控制方法，采用非隔离型AC/DC变换方式，其具体作法是：Figure 2 shows that a specific embodiment of the present invention is a control method of a switching power supply, which adopts a non-isolated AC/DC conversion method, and its specific method is:
交流输入Vac经过EMI和整流桥Dbridge，接Boost PFC电路。单相Boost PFC变换器直流输出电容C1的上端接负载R的上端，单相Boost PFC变换器直流输出电容C1的下端接Buck DC/DC变换器输出电容C2的上端，Buck DC/DC变换器输出电容C2的下端接负载R的下端，同时负载R的下端接地。Buck DC/DC变换器控制单元的参考电压Vref1是相对于Vout-的直流电压；反馈电压为Vout+。其中Vout+和Vout-是最终负载侧两端的电压。Buck DC/DC变换器的输入电压为储能电容C3电压，储能电容C3利用单相Boost PFC变换器的电感耦合绕组，通过C4、D3、D2来获得能量，其中D3的阳极接BuckDC/DC变换器的参考地Vout-。其控制方式可以是峰值电流模式控制等，得到功率开关Q2控制脉冲信号。单相Boost PFC变换器参考电压Vref2是相对于C1与C2的连接点PFC_GND，也是Boost PFC控制器的相对参考地。其反馈电压为Vout+与PFC_GND之间的压差。其控制方式可以是平均电流模式控制、单周期控制等，得到功率开关Q1控制脉冲信号。The AC input Vac is connected to the Boost PFC circuit through the EMI and the rectifier bridge Dbridge. The upper end of the single-phase Boost PFC converter DC output capacitor C1 is connected to the upper end of the load R, the lower end of the single-phase Boost PFC converter DC output capacitor C1 is connected to the upper end of the Buck DC/DC converter output capacitor C2, and the Buck DC/DC converter output The lower end of the capacitor C2 is connected to the lower end of the load R, while the lower end of the load R is grounded. The reference voltage Vref1 of the Buck DC/DC converter control unit is a DC voltage relative to Vout-; the feedback voltage is Vout+. where Vout+ and Vout- are the voltages across the final load side. The input voltage of the Buck DC/DC converter is the voltage of the energy storage capacitor C3. The energy storage capacitor C3 uses the inductively coupled winding of the single-phase Boost PFC converter to obtain energy through C4, D3, and D2. The anode of D3 is connected to BuckDC/DC The reference ground Vout- of the converter. The control method may be peak current mode control, etc., to obtain a control pulse signal of the power switch Q2. The single-phase Boost PFC converter reference voltage Vref2 is relative to the connection point PFC_GND of C1 and C2, and is also the relative reference ground of the Boost PFC controller. Its feedback voltage is the voltage difference between Vout+ and PFC_GND. The control method may be average current mode control, single-cycle control, etc., to obtain a control pulse signal of the power switch Q1.
实施例二Embodiment two
图6示出，本实用新型的一种具体实施方式为，一种开关电源的控制方法，采用隔离型单相全桥PFC变换器，其具体作法是：本例中，采用隔离型的AC/DC单相全桥功率因数校正电路，并设计独立的隔离反馈控制通道。补偿用DC/DC变换器采用Buck拓扑结构。单相全桥PFC变换器直流输出电容C1的上端接负载R的上端，单相全桥PFC变换器直流输出电容C1的下端接Buck DC/DC变换器输出电容C2的上端，Buck DC/DC变换器输出电容C2的下端接负载R的下端，同时负载R的下端接地。参考电压与反馈电压的通路与实施案例一类似。Buck DC/DC变换器的输入电压E1，可以由单独的隔离变换器供电，如flyback等拓扑结构。Figure 6 shows that a specific implementation of the present utility model is a control method of a switching power supply, which uses an isolated single-phase full-bridge PFC converter. The specific method is: in this example, an isolated AC/ DC single-phase full-bridge power factor correction circuit, and design an independent isolated feedback control channel. The DC/DC converter used for compensation adopts Buck topology. The upper end of the DC output capacitor C1 of the single-phase full-bridge PFC converter is connected to the upper end of the load R, and the lower end of the DC output capacitor C1 of the single-phase full-bridge PFC converter is connected to the upper end of the Buck DC/DC converter output capacitor C2, Buck DC/DC conversion The lower end of the output capacitor C2 is connected to the lower end of the load R, and the lower end of the load R is grounded. The path of the reference voltage and the feedback voltage is similar to that of the first embodiment. The input voltage E1 of the Buck DC/DC converter can be powered by a separate isolated converter, such as a flyback topology.
显然，以上的以单相PFC变换器的直流输出电容与DC/DC变换器的输出电容串联，控制DC/DC变换器的输出电压来补偿单相PFC变换器直流输出电压的二倍工频纹波的方法，可以用单相PFC变换器的直流输出电容与DC/DC变换器的输出电容并联，控制DC/DC变换器的输出电流来补偿单相PFC变换器直流输出电流的二倍工频纹波的方法对称的实现。Obviously, the DC output capacitor of the single-phase PFC converter is connected in series with the output capacitor of the DC/DC converter to control the output voltage of the DC/DC converter to compensate the double power frequency ripple of the DC output voltage of the single-phase PFC converter. Wave method, the DC output capacitor of the single-phase PFC converter can be connected in parallel with the output capacitor of the DC/DC converter to control the output current of the DC/DC converter to compensate the double power frequency of the DC output current of the single-phase PFC converter A symmetrical implementation of the ripple method.
单相PFC变换器拓扑可为Boost变换器、Buck变换器、全桥变换器、反激变换器；DC/DC变换器可为Buck，Boost变换器拓扑。The single-phase PFC converter topology can be Boost converter, Buck converter, full-bridge converter, and flyback converter; the DC/DC converter can be Buck and Boost converter topologies.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104394635A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-03-04 | 英飞特电子（杭州）股份有限公司 | LED driver |
| CN104540306A (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-04-22 | 英飞特电子（杭州）股份有限公司 | LED driver |
| CN104703346A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-06-10 | 英飞特电子（杭州）股份有限公司 | LED driver |
| CN111404401A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2020-07-10 | 莫吉塔巴·福雷斯特 | Three-phase AC-DC converter, method for realizing three-phase AC-DC converter |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104394635A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-03-04 | 英飞特电子（杭州）股份有限公司 | LED driver |
| CN104394635B (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2017-06-13 | 英飞特电子（杭州）股份有限公司 | A kind of LED driver |
| CN104540306A (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-04-22 | 英飞特电子（杭州）股份有限公司 | LED driver |
| CN104703346A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-06-10 | 英飞特电子（杭州）股份有限公司 | LED driver |
| CN111404401A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2020-07-10 | 莫吉塔巴·福雷斯特 | Three-phase AC-DC converter, method for realizing three-phase AC-DC converter |
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