CN202420252U - Cylindrical system for generating power with waste heat of medium and low temperature smoke evaporating from organic medium - Google Patents
Cylindrical system for generating power with waste heat of medium and low temperature smoke evaporating from organic medium Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012224 working solution Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003416 augmentation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims 1
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)CC(F)(F)F MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 8
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 3
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
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- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本实用新型提供一种圆筒式有机介质蒸发中低温烟气余热发电系统,属于能源与环境技术领域。包括热管系统、有机朗肯循环的工质循环回路、中低温烟气排烟管路、供热热水回路和冷却水回路,采用热管替代锅炉的上升管及下降管,烟气换热器和锅筒为一体化圆筒状结构,由两层绝热隔板分隔为上部锅筒和下部烟气换热器,热管下段置于烟气换热器中、上段置于锅筒中,使用甲苯、三氟二氯乙烷、丙烷、五氟丙烷等作循环工质,热管工作液采用20%热管体积的软化脱盐水。具有热管系统占空间小、热管与空气换热小、换热效率高、热管替换方便、可避免换热管腐蚀和工质泄露等优点,可根据供热负荷需求调节有机朗肯循环的排气回热量。
The utility model provides a cylindrical organic medium evaporation medium and low temperature flue gas waste heat power generation system, which belongs to the technical field of energy and environment. Including the heat pipe system, the working fluid circulation circuit of the organic Rankine cycle, the medium and low temperature flue gas exhaust pipe, the heating water circuit and the cooling water circuit, the heat pipe is used to replace the riser and downcomer of the boiler, the flue gas heat exchanger and The drum is an integrated cylindrical structure, which is divided into an upper drum and a lower flue gas heat exchanger by two layers of heat-insulating partitions. The lower section of the heat pipe is placed in the flue gas heat exchanger and the upper section is placed in the drum. Toluene, three Fluorodichloroethane, propane, pentafluoropropane, etc. are used as circulating working fluids, and the working fluid of the heat pipe is softened desalted water with 20% of the volume of the heat pipe. It has the advantages of small space occupied by the heat pipe system, small heat exchange between heat pipe and air, high heat exchange efficiency, convenient replacement of heat pipe, avoiding corrosion of heat exchange pipe and leakage of working fluid, etc., and can adjust the exhaust of organic Rankine cycle according to the demand of heating load heat back.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本实用新型涉及一种圆筒式有机介质蒸发中低温烟气余热发电系统,属于能源与环境技术领域。 The utility model relates to a cylindrical organic medium evaporation medium and low temperature flue gas waste heat power generation system, which belongs to the technical field of energy and environment. the
背景技术 Background technique
目前,中低温烟气余热发电系统通过锅炉的上升管和下降管进行换热,其在使用一定时间后,会因与烟气的长时间接触而发生腐蚀和破裂,使有机工质泄露到烟道中,导致有机工质的浪费和换热效率的下降,而锅炉的上升管和下降管的更换非常困难,不利于系统的正常运行和成本控制。 At present, the medium and low temperature flue gas waste heat power generation system performs heat exchange through the boiler's ascending tube and downcomer. In the pipeline, it leads to the waste of organic working fluid and the decline of heat exchange efficiency, and the replacement of the riser and downcomer of the boiler is very difficult, which is not conducive to the normal operation of the system and cost control. the
热管是热管换热器的最基本元件,从其外观来看,通常是一根有翅片或无翅片的普通圆管,其主要结构特点表现在管内。热管由管壳、毛细多孔材料(管芯)和蒸汽腔(蒸汽通道)所组成。从传热状况看,热管沿轴向可分为蒸发段、绝热段和冷凝段三部分。工作时,蒸发段因受热而使其毛细材料中的工作液体蒸发,蒸汽流向冷凝段,在这里由于受到冷却使蒸汽凝结成液体,液体再沿多孔材料靠毛细力作用流回蒸发段。如此循环不已,热量由热管的一端传至另一端。由于汽化潜热大,所以在极小的温差下就能把大量的热量从热管的蒸发段传至冷凝段。 The heat pipe is the most basic element of the heat pipe heat exchanger. Judging from its appearance, it is usually an ordinary round tube with fins or no fins, and its main structural features are shown in the tube. A heat pipe consists of a shell, a capillary porous material (core) and a vapor chamber (steam channel). From the perspective of heat transfer, the heat pipe can be divided into three parts: the evaporation section, the adiabatic section and the condensation section along the axial direction. When working, the evaporating section evaporates the working liquid in the capillary material due to heating, and the steam flows to the condensing section, where the steam condenses into liquid due to cooling, and the liquid flows back to the evaporating section along the porous material by capillary force. In this endless cycle, heat is transferred from one end of the heat pipe to the other end. Due to the large latent heat of vaporization, a large amount of heat can be transferred from the evaporation section of the heat pipe to the condensation section under a very small temperature difference. the
热管的管芯是一种紧贴管壳内壁的毛细结构,通常用多层金属丝网或纤维、布等以衬里形式紧贴内壁以减少接触热阻,衬里也可由多孔陶瓷或烧结金属构成。性能优良的管芯应具有: 足够大的毛细抽吸压头;较小的液体流动阻力,既有较高的渗透率;良好的传热特性,即有较小的径向热阻。因而,管芯的结构有很多种,大致可分为以下几类:紧贴管壁的单层及多层网芯;烧结粉末管芯,它是由一定目数的金属粉末或金属丝网烧结在管内壁面而成;轴向槽道式管芯,它是在管壳内壁开轴向细槽,以提供毛细压头及液体回流通道,槽的截面形状可有矩形,梯形等多种;组合管芯。一般管芯往往不能同时兼顾毛细抽吸力及渗透率,组合管芯既能兼顾毛细力和渗透率,从而获得高的轴向传热能力,而且大多数管芯的径向热阻甚小。他基本上把管芯分成两部分,一部分起毛细抽吸作用,一部分起液体回流通道作用。 The core of the heat pipe is a capillary structure that is close to the inner wall of the shell. It is usually lined with multi-layer wire mesh, fiber, cloth, etc. to reduce the contact thermal resistance. The lining can also be made of porous ceramics or sintered metal. A die with good performance should have: Sufficiently large capillary suction head; Small liquid flow resistance, high permeability; Good heat transfer characteristics, that is, small radial thermal resistance. Therefore, there are many structures of the die, which can be roughly divided into the following categories: Single-layer and multi-layer mesh cores that are close to the pipe wall; Sintered powder tube core, which is made of a certain number of metal powder or wire mesh sintered on the inner wall of the tube; Axial channel type tube core, which is an axial thin groove on the inner wall of the shell to provide capillary pressure head and liquid return channel. The cross-sectional shape of the groove can be rectangular, trapezoidal, etc.; Composite die. Ordinary tube cores often cannot take into account capillary suction and permeability at the same time. Combined tube cores can take both capillary force and permeability into consideration, thereby obtaining high axial heat transfer capacity, and most tube cores have very small radial thermal resistance. He basically divided the die into two parts, one part acts as a capillary suction, and the other part acts as a liquid return channel.
热管的工作液要有较高的汽化潜热、导热系数,合适的饱和压力及沸点,较低的粘度及良好的稳定性。工作液体还应有较大的表面张力和润湿毛细结构的能力,使毛细结构能对工作液作用并产生必须的毛细力。工作液还不能对毛细结构和管壁产生溶解作用,否则被溶解的物质将积累在蒸发段破坏毛细结构。 The working fluid of the heat pipe must have high latent heat of vaporization, thermal conductivity, suitable saturation pressure and boiling point, low viscosity and good stability. The working liquid should also have a large surface tension and the ability to wet the capillary structure, so that the capillary structure can act on the working liquid and generate the necessary capillary force. The working fluid cannot dissolve the capillary structure and tube wall, otherwise the dissolved substances will accumulate in the evaporation section and destroy the capillary structure. the
由于热管结构和工作液工作的优点,将其用于替代锅炉的上升管和下降管,不仅可以大大提高锅炉的工作效率,使蒸汽温度更高,而且能够避免烟道内有机工质管子因长期受烟气冲刷而腐蚀破裂、导致有机工质泄露和换热效率下降等问题。 Due to the advantages of the heat pipe structure and the working fluid, using it to replace the riser and downcomer of the boiler can not only greatly improve the working efficiency of the boiler, make the steam temperature higher, but also avoid the long-term damage of the organic working medium pipe in the flue. Corrosion and cracking caused by flue gas erosion, resulting in leakage of organic working fluid and decrease in heat exchange efficiency. the
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本实用新型的目的是提供一种圆筒式有机介质蒸发中低温烟气余热发电系统,采用经隔板分为锅筒和烟气换热器的一体化圆筒状结构,并用热管替代锅炉的上升管和下降管,解决锅炉换热管道易受烟气冲刷腐蚀、换热效率不高等问题。 The purpose of this utility model is to provide a cylindrical organic medium evaporation medium and low temperature flue gas waste heat power generation system, which adopts an integrated cylindrical structure divided into a drum and a flue gas heat exchanger through a partition, and replaces the boiler with a heat pipe The rising tube and the down tube solve the problems that the boiler heat exchange pipe is easily eroded by flue gas and the heat exchange efficiency is not high. the
解决本实用新型的技术问题所采用的方案是:圆筒式有机介质蒸发中低温烟气余热发电系统,包括热管换热系统,有机工质朗肯循环回路,中低温烟气排烟管路,供热热水回路和冷却水回路;热管换热系统包括替代锅炉上升管及下降管的热管2、烟气换热器4和锅筒1,烟气换热器4和锅筒1为水平设置的一体化圆筒状结构,其中间由两层绝热隔板3分隔为上部的锅筒1和下部的烟气换热器4,热管2立式设置于一体化筒状结构中,其下段置于烟气换热器4中、上段置于锅筒1中;有机工质朗肯循环回路由储液罐18、工质加压泵14、排气回热加热器9、有机工质循环泵5、锅筒1、透平6、三通调节阀8、热水加热器10、凝结器12、以及将它们连接的管道构成,工质加压泵14经管道连接于储液罐18出口与排气回热加热器9内换热管入口之间,循环泵5经管道连接于排气回热加热器9内换热管出口与锅筒1入口之间,锅筒1上部经管道与透平6进口连接,透平6出口经三通调节阀8分别与排气回热加热器9进气口和热水加热器10进气口连接,凝结器12的进气口和出气口经管道分别与热水加热器10出气口和储液罐18入口连接;中低温烟气排烟管路由烟气换热器4、热水预热器15、排烟风机17、以及将它们连接的管道构成,烟气换热器4入口接中低温烟气管道、出口经管道接热水预热器15进气口,热水预热器15出气口经排烟风机17和管道与烟囱连接;供热热水回路由热水预热器15内换热管、回水泵16、热用户、热水加热器10内换热管、以及将它们依次连接的管道构成;冷却水回路由冷却塔11、冷却水循环泵13、凝结器12、以及将它们连接的管道构成,冷却水循环泵13经管道连于凝结器12内换热管入口和冷却塔11底部出口之间,凝结器12内换热管出口与冷却塔11上端布水管连接。 The solution adopted to solve the technical problem of the utility model is: a cylindrical organic medium evaporation medium and low temperature flue gas waste heat power generation system, including a heat pipe heat exchange system, an organic working medium Rankine cycle loop, a medium and low temperature flue gas exhaust pipeline, Heating hot water circuit and cooling water circuit; heat pipe heat exchange system includes heat pipe 2, flue gas heat exchanger 4 and drum 1, which replace the riser and downcomer of the boiler, and the flue gas heat exchanger 4 and drum 1 are arranged horizontally The integrated cylindrical structure, in the middle is divided into the upper drum 1 and the lower flue gas heat exchanger 4 by two layers of heat insulating partitions 3, the heat pipe 2 is vertically arranged in the integrated cylindrical structure, and the lower section is placed The middle and upper sections of the flue gas heat exchanger 4 are placed in the drum 1; the rankine circulation circuit of the organic working medium is composed of a liquid storage tank 18, a working medium booster pump 14, an exhaust gas recovery heater 9, and an organic working medium circulating pump 5. The drum 1, the turbine 6, the three-way regulating valve 8, the hot water heater 10, the condenser 12, and the pipelines connecting them are composed. The working medium booster pump 14 is connected to the outlet of the liquid storage tank 18 and the Between the inlet of the heat exchange tube in the exhaust gas recuperation heater 9, the circulation pump 5 is connected between the outlet of the heat exchange tube in the exhaust gas recovery heater 9 and the inlet of the drum 1 through a pipeline, and the upper part of the drum 1 is connected to the permeable tube through a pipeline. The inlet of the flat 6 is connected, the outlet of the turbine 6 is connected to the inlet of the exhaust gas recuperation heater 9 and the inlet of the hot water heater 10 through the three-way regulating valve 8, and the inlet and outlet of the condenser 12 are connected through the pipeline They are respectively connected to the gas outlet of the hot water heater 10 and the inlet of the liquid storage tank 18; the medium and low temperature flue gas exhaust pipeline is composed of the flue gas heat exchanger 4, the hot water preheater 15, the exhaust fan 17, and the pipelines connecting them Composition, the inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 4 is connected to the medium and low temperature flue gas pipeline, the outlet is connected to the air inlet of the hot water preheater 15 through the pipeline, and the gas outlet of the hot water preheater 15 is connected to the chimney through the exhaust fan 17 and the pipeline; The hot water circuit is composed of the heat exchange tube in the hot water preheater 15, the return pump 16, the heat user, the heat exchange tube in the hot water heater 10, and the pipelines connecting them in sequence; the cooling water circuit is composed of the cooling tower 11, The cooling water circulation pump 13, the condenser 12, and the pipelines connecting them are composed. The cooling water circulation pump 13 is connected between the inlet of the heat exchange tube in the condenser 12 and the outlet at the bottom of the cooling tower 11 through pipelines, and the outlet of the heat exchange tube in the condenser 12 is It is connected with the water distribution pipe at the upper end of the cooling tower 11. the
所述有机朗肯循环工质为甲苯、三氟二氯乙烷(R123)、丙烷(R290)、五氟丙烷(R245fa)、戊烷(R601)、异戊烷(R601a)、正戊烷(C5H12)、正己烷(C6H14)、丁烷(R600)、异丁烷(R600a)、四氟乙烷(R134a)中的任一种或几种的任意混合物,根据实际需要具体选择。 The organic Rankine cycle working fluid is toluene, trifluorodichloroethane (R123), propane (R290), pentafluoropropane (R245fa), pentane (R601), isopentane (R601a), n-pentane ( C 5 H 12 ), n-hexane (C 6 H 14 ), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), tetrafluoroethane (R134a), or any mixture of several, according to actual needs Specific options.
所述热管2为两相热虹吸管,其蒸发段和冷凝段上设有强化传热的翅片,热虹吸管的长度及其上翅片的数量根据实际需要具体确定。 The heat pipe 2 is a two-phase thermosiphon, and its evaporating section and condensing section are provided with fins for enhancing heat transfer. The length of the thermosiphon and the number of fins on it are specifically determined according to actual needs. the
所述热管2内工作液的数量为热管内腔体积的15~30%,具体根据实际需要确定,工作液为软化脱盐水。 The quantity of the working fluid in the heat pipe 2 is 15-30% of the volume of the inner cavity of the heat pipe, which is determined according to actual needs, and the working fluid is softened desalted water. the
所述两层隔板3之间冲有空气,发挥隔热作用。 Air is flushed between the two layers of separators 3 to play a role of heat insulation. the
本系统依据有机朗肯循环系统选定的工质种类,按需要的发电容量及供热负荷配备并安装锅筒、热管、烟气换热器、有机工质循环泵、工质加压泵、排气回热加热器、透平、励磁发电机、供热水加热器、凝结器、热水预热器、排烟风机、冷却塔等设备及管路与配件;根据有机朗肯循环的管路容积计算循环工质的充注量,将循环工质计量充入循环管路中。 According to the type of working fluid selected by the organic Rankine cycle system, the system is equipped and installed with a drum, heat pipe, flue gas heat exchanger, organic working medium circulation pump, working medium booster pump, etc. according to the required power generation capacity and heating load. Exhaust gas recovery heater, turbine, excitation generator, hot water heater, condenser, hot water preheater, smoke exhaust fan, cooling tower and other equipment, pipelines and accessories; Calculate the charging amount of the circulating working fluid based on the volume of the circuit, and measure and fill the circulating working medium into the circulating pipeline. the
本系统的工作原理是:热管2的下段(蒸发段)置于烟气换热器4中,使得从锅炉引过来的中低温烟气的热量传给热管2的蒸发段,热管2中的工作液被加热蒸发,流向热管2的上段(冷凝段),在热管2的冷凝段将其热量传给锅筒1中的循环有机工质,之后热管2中的工作液被冷却又流回蒸发段;从储液罐18出来的液体工质经工质加压泵14加压至蒸发压力,进入排气回热加热器9中预热,预热后的低温有机工质,经有机工质循环泵5加压进入锅筒1与热管2的冷凝段进行热交换,使低温有机工质加热蒸发并在锅筒1中进行汽水分离,有机工质蒸汽从锅筒1上部流出,送入透平(膨胀机)6做功输出轴功,驱动励磁发电机7发电;乏汽则经分流三通调节阀分两路:一路进排气回热加热器9预热从储液器出来经工质加压泵14加压至蒸发压力来的液态工质,另外一路直接与从排气回热加热器9出来的工质蒸汽混合进入供热水加热器10加热循环热水,之后进入凝结器12冷凝,流入工质储液罐18,完成一次循环。来自锅炉的中低温烟气进入热管2的下端(蒸发段)进行热交换后,进入热水预热器15对回水进行预热,然后经排烟风机17加压排至烟囱;来自热用户的回水经回水泵16输送至热水预热器15预热,之后进入热水加热器10完成热水的加热过程;来自冷却塔11的冷却水经冷却水循环泵13输送至有机朗肯循环的凝结器12,完成对循环工质乏汽的凝结,之后返回冷却塔11布水管,经冷却后集于塔底集水盘,完成一个循环。通过透平乏汽管路上设置的分流三通调节阀8,可根据用户对供热负荷的需求,调节有机朗肯循环的排气回热量。 The working principle of this system is: the lower section of the heat pipe 2 (evaporation section) is placed in the flue gas heat exchanger 4, so that the heat of the medium and low temperature flue gas drawn from the boiler is transferred to the evaporation section of the heat pipe 2, and the work in the heat pipe 2 The liquid is heated and evaporated, and flows to the upper section of the heat pipe 2 (condensation section), where the heat is transferred to the circulating organic working fluid in the drum 1, and then the working fluid in the heat pipe 2 is cooled and then flows back to the evaporation section The liquid working medium coming out from the liquid storage tank 18 is pressurized to the evaporation pressure by the working medium booster pump 14, and enters the exhaust gas reheating heater 9 for preheating, and the low-temperature organic working medium after preheating is circulated by the organic working medium The pump 5 is pressurized into the drum 1 and the condensation section of the heat pipe 2 for heat exchange, so that the low-temperature organic working medium is heated and evaporated, and the steam and water are separated in the drum 1. The organic working medium steam flows out from the upper part of the drum 1 and is sent to the turbine. (expander) 6 works and outputs shaft work to drive the excitation generator 7 to generate electricity; the exhaust steam is divided into two ways through the diversion three-way regulating valve: one way is the intake and exhaust reheating heater 9 to preheat and come out from the liquid storage to be heated by the working medium The liquid working medium pressurized by the pressure pump 14 to the evaporation pressure, and the other way is directly mixed with the working medium steam from the exhaust gas recovery heater 9 and enters the hot water supply heater 10 to heat the circulating hot water, and then enters the condenser 12 to condense , into the working fluid storage tank 18 to complete a cycle. The medium and low temperature flue gas from the boiler enters the lower end of the heat pipe 2 (evaporation section) for heat exchange, then enters the hot water preheater 15 to preheat the return water, and then is pressurized by the exhaust fan 17 and discharged to the chimney; from the heat user The return water is sent to the hot water preheater 15 for preheating through the return water pump 16, and then enters the hot water heater 10 to complete the heating process of hot water; the cooling water from the cooling tower 11 is sent to the organic Rankine cycle through the cooling water circulation pump 13 The condenser 12 completes the condensation of the exhausted steam of the circulating working medium, and then returns to the cooling tower 11 to distribute the water pipes. After cooling, it collects in the water collection tray at the bottom of the tower to complete a cycle. Through the split three-way regulating valve 8 set on the exhaust steam pipeline of the turbine, the exhaust gas return heat of the organic Rankine cycle can be adjusted according to the user's demand for heating load. the
本系统采用热管替代锅炉的上升管和下降管,配合烟气换热器与锅筒为一体的圆筒式热管换热系统和有机工质朗肯循环回路,与现有技术相比,具有以下有益效果: This system uses heat pipes to replace the ascending pipe and descending pipe of the boiler, cooperates with the cylindrical heat pipe heat exchange system integrated with the flue gas heat exchanger and the drum, and the organic refrigerant Rankine cycle. Compared with the existing technology, it has the following advantages: Beneficial effect:
(1)可以避免锅炉的上升管和下降管因长年与烟气接触发生腐蚀,而导致工质泄露和热效率下降的问题; (1) It can avoid the leakage of working fluid and the decrease of thermal efficiency caused by the corrosion of the rising pipe and the descending pipe of the boiler due to long-term contact with flue gas;
(2)强化了烟气、有机工质和热管内水的传热,有利于换热效率的提高,使有机工质能够很有效地达到蒸发标准; (2) Strengthen the heat transfer of flue gas, organic working fluid and water in the heat pipe, which is conducive to the improvement of heat exchange efficiency, so that the organic working medium can effectively meet the evaporation standard;
(3)采用锅炉和烟气换热器为一体的圆筒状的蒸汽发生器,大大缩小了发生器所占空间,缩短有效工作热管的长度,避免热管与环境空气的换热,有利于减少热量损失; (3) The use of a cylindrical steam generator integrated with a boiler and a flue gas heat exchanger greatly reduces the space occupied by the generator, shortens the length of the effective working heat pipe, and avoids the heat exchange between the heat pipe and the ambient air, which is beneficial to reduce heat loss;
(4)可在安全可靠和高效率地将中低温烟气余热转换为高品位电能的同时,提供生活热水等所需热能; (4) It can provide domestic hot water and other required thermal energy while converting the waste heat of medium and low temperature flue gas into high-grade electric energy safely, reliably and efficiently;
(5)极大地降低了热电联供过程环害物质COX、SOX的产生与排放; (5) Greatly reduced the generation and emission of environmentally harmful substances CO X and SO X in the cogeneration process;
(6)便于实现个性化的分布式热电联供系统,满足现代化的工艺要求。 (6) It is convenient to realize the personalized distributed combined heat and power system and meet the requirements of modern technology.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型系统示意图。 Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the utility model system. the
图中:1-锅筒;2-热管;3-隔板;4-烟气换热器;5-工质循环泵;6-透平(膨胀机);7-励磁发电机;8-三通调节阀;9-排气回热加热器;10-热水加热器;11-冷却塔;12-凝结器;13-冷却水循环泵;14-工质加压泵;15-热水预热器;16-回水泵;17-排烟风机;18-储液罐。 In the figure: 1-drum; 2-heat pipe; 3-baffle; 4-flue gas heat exchanger; 5-working fluid circulation pump; 6-turbine (expander); 7-excitation generator; 8-three 9-exhaust heat recovery heater; 10-hot water heater; 11-cooling tower; 12-condenser; 13-cooling water circulation pump; 14-working fluid pressure pump; 15-hot water preheating Device; 16-return water pump; 17-exhaust fan; 18-liquid storage tank. the
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以下结合附图和实施例,对本实用新型作进一步阐述,但本实用新型的保护范围不限于所述内容。 Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the utility model is further elaborated, but the protection scope of the utility model is not limited to described content. the
实施例1:某钢铁厂高线三段式步进加热炉,建一圆筒式有机介质蒸发中低温烟气余热发电联供户式系统,电机输出功率为10Kw,供应45~50℃卫生热水600l/d。 Example 1: A high-line three-stage walking heating furnace in a steel plant, build a cylindrical organic medium evaporation medium and low temperature flue gas waste heat power generation co-supply household system, the output power of the motor is 10Kw, supply 45 ~ 50 ℃ sanitary heat Water 600l/d. the
本圆筒式有机介质蒸发中低温烟气余热发电系统,包括热管换热系统,有机工质朗肯循环回路,中低温烟气排烟管路,供热热水回路和冷却水回路;热管换热系统包括替代锅炉上升管及下降管的热管2、烟气换热器4和锅筒1,烟气换热器4和锅筒1为水平设置的一体化圆筒状结构,其中间由两层绝热隔板3分隔为上部的锅筒1和下部的烟气换热器4,热管2立式设置于一体化筒状结构中,其下段置于烟气换热器4中、上段置于锅筒1中;有机工质朗肯循环回路由储液罐18、工质加压泵14、排气回热加热器9、有机工质循环泵5、锅筒1、透平6、三通调节阀8、热水加热器10、凝结器12、以及将它们连接的管道构成,工质加压泵14经管道连接于储液罐18出口与排气回热加热器9内换热管入口之间,工质循环泵5经管道连接于排气回热加热器9内换热管出口与锅筒1入口之间,锅筒1上部经管道与透平6进口连接,透平6出口经三通调节阀8分别与排气回热加热器9进气口和热水加热器10进气口连接,凝结器12的进气口和出气口经管道分别与热水加热器10出气口和储液罐18入口连接;中低温烟气排烟管路由烟气换热器4、热水预热器15、排烟风机17、以及将它们连接的管道构成,烟气换热器4入口接中低温烟气管道、出口经管道接热水预热器15进气口,热水预热器15出气口经排烟风机17和管道与烟囱连接;供热热水回路由热水预热器15内换热管、回水泵16、热用户、热水加热器10内换热管、以及将它们依次连接的管道构成;冷却水回路由冷却塔11、冷却水循环泵13、凝结器12、以及将它们连接的管道构成,冷却水循环泵13经管道连于凝结器12内换热管入口和冷却塔11底部出口之间,凝结器12内换热管出口与冷却塔11上端布水管连接。 This cylindrical organic medium evaporation medium and low temperature flue gas waste heat power generation system includes a heat pipe heat exchange system, an organic working fluid Rankine cycle loop, a medium and low temperature flue gas exhaust pipeline, a heating hot water loop and a cooling water loop; The heat system includes the heat pipe 2 replacing the riser and downcomer of the boiler, the flue gas heat exchanger 4 and the drum 1, and the flue gas heat exchanger 4 and the drum 1 are horizontally arranged integrated cylindrical structures, in the middle of which there are two The first layer of heat-insulating partition 3 is divided into the upper drum 1 and the lower flue gas heat exchanger 4, the heat pipe 2 is vertically arranged in the integrated cylindrical structure, the lower section is placed in the flue gas heat exchanger 4, and the upper section is placed in the flue gas heat exchanger 4. Drum 1; the organic working fluid Rankine circulation loop consists of a liquid storage tank 18, a working fluid booster pump 14, an exhaust gas recovery heater 9, an organic working fluid circulating pump 5, a drum 1, a turbine 6, and a tee The regulating valve 8, the hot water heater 10, the condenser 12, and the pipelines connecting them are composed. The working medium booster pump 14 is connected to the outlet of the liquid storage tank 18 and the inlet of the heat exchange tube in the exhaust gas recovery heater 9 through the pipeline. Between them, the working fluid circulation pump 5 is connected between the outlet of the heat exchange tube in the exhaust gas recuperation heater 9 and the inlet of the drum 1 through a pipeline, the upper part of the drum 1 is connected with the inlet of the turbine 6 through a pipeline, and the outlet of the turbine 6 is connected through a pipeline. The three-way regulating valve 8 is connected with the air inlet of the exhaust gas recuperation heater 9 and the air inlet of the hot water heater 10 respectively, and the air inlet and the air outlet of the condenser 12 are respectively connected with the air outlet of the hot water heater 10 and the air outlet of the hot water heater through pipelines. The inlet of the liquid storage tank 18 is connected; the medium and low temperature flue gas exhaust pipeline is composed of the flue gas heat exchanger 4, the hot water preheater 15, the exhaust fan 17, and the pipes connecting them. The medium and low temperature flue gas pipeline and outlet are connected to the inlet of hot water preheater 15 through the pipeline, and the outlet of hot water preheater 15 is connected to the chimney through the exhaust fan 17 and the pipeline; the heating hot water circuit is controlled by the hot water preheater 15 internal heat exchange tubes, return water pump 16, heat users, heat exchange tubes in the hot water heater 10, and the pipelines that connect them in sequence; the cooling water circuit is composed of cooling tower 11, cooling water circulation pump 13, condenser 12, and The pipelines that connect them constitute, the cooling water circulation pump 13 is connected between the heat exchange tube inlet in the condenser 12 and the outlet at the bottom of the cooling tower 11 through the pipeline, and the heat exchange tube outlet in the condenser 12 is connected with the water distribution pipe at the upper end of the cooling tower 11. the
本系统热管2中的工作液为汽化潜热和导热系数较高、饱和压力及沸点适度、粘度较低、稳定性良好、且有较大表面张力和润湿毛细结构能力的软化脱盐水。根据烟气量50000kg/h、温度573K、Cp1kg/(kJ.K),热管2采用两相热虹吸管,共950根,每根管长5m、上下段上分别有40片强化传热翅片,管内灌有20%V(热管体积)的软化脱盐水。热管2内的水在蒸发段吸收中低温烟气的热量而使其毛细材料中的水蒸发,蒸汽流向冷凝段,在冷凝段与锅筒1的有机工质进行热交换,由于受到冷却使蒸汽凝结成液体,工作液体水再沿多孔材料靠毛细力作用流回蒸发段。 The working fluid in the heat pipe 2 of this system is softened desalted water with high latent heat of vaporization and thermal conductivity, moderate saturation pressure and boiling point, low viscosity, good stability, and high surface tension and capillary wetting ability. According to the flue gas volume of 50000kg/h, temperature of 573K, and Cp1kg/(kJ.K), the heat pipe 2 adopts two-phase thermosiphon tubes, a total of 950 tubes, each tube is 5m long, and there are 40 pieces of enhanced heat transfer fins on the upper and lower sections respectively. The tube is filled with 20% V (heat tube volume) of softened desalted water. The water in the heat pipe 2 absorbs the heat of the medium and low temperature flue gas in the evaporating section to evaporate the water in the capillary material, and the steam flows to the condensing section, where it exchanges heat with the organic working medium in the drum 1, and the steam is cooled Condensed into a liquid, the working liquid water flows back to the evaporation section along the porous material by capillary force. the
本系统有机朗肯循环工质采用三氟二氯乙烷(R123);锅筒1的壁厚为16mm、直径为1200mm;膨胀机6采用IT10螺杆式膨胀机,净输出功率为10Kw,进口工质压力为1.0MPa,温度110℃;排气回热加热器9、热水加热器10、凝结器12均采用板式换热器;工质加压泵14采用高压屏蔽泵。按储液罐18出口--有机工质加压泵14--排气回热加热器9--有机工质循环泵5--锅筒1--透平(膨胀机)6--励磁发电机7--排气回热加热器9--热水加热器10--凝结器12--储液罐18进口的顺序,用紫铜管及相关配件将各装置连接,形成有机朗肯循环工质回路。 The organic Rankine cycle working fluid of this system uses trifluorodichloroethane (R123); the wall thickness of the drum 1 is 16mm, and the diameter is 1200mm; the expander 6 adopts an IT10 screw type expander with a net output power of 10Kw, imported The mass pressure is 1.0MPa, and the temperature is 110°C; the exhaust gas recovery heater 9, the hot water heater 10, and the condenser 12 all adopt plate heat exchangers; the working fluid booster pump 14 adopts a high-pressure shielded pump. According to the outlet of liquid storage tank 18--organic working medium booster pump 14--exhaust gas reheat heater 9--organic working medium circulation pump 5--drum 1--turbine (expander) 6--excitation power generation Machine 7--Exhaust heat recovery heater 9--Hot water heater 10--Condenser 12--The order of the inlet of liquid storage tank 18, connect each device with copper tubes and related accessories to form an organic Rankine cycle Working medium circuit. the
本系统供热水回路采用PPR热水管,按回水泵16出口—热水预热器15—热水加热器10—回水泵16进口的顺序,用无缝钢管及相关配件将各装置连接,形成供热水回路。冷却塔11选用冷却水循环流量为20m3/h的低温型冷却塔LBCM-20,冷却水循环泵选用12KQL50/100-1.1/2型号,冷却水管路,按冷却塔11出口—冷却水循环泵13—凝结器12—冷却塔11进口的顺序,采用无缝钢管及相关配件将各装置连接,形成冷却水回路。 The hot water supply circuit of this system adopts PPR hot water pipes. According to the order of return water pump 16 outlet—hot water preheater 15—hot water heater 10—return water pump 16 inlet, all devices are connected with seamless steel pipes and related accessories. Form a hot water supply circuit. The cooling tower 11 is a low-temperature cooling tower LBCM-20 with a cooling water circulation flow rate of 20m 3 /h, the cooling water circulation pump is a 12KQL50/100-1.1/2 model, and the cooling water pipeline is based on the outlet of the cooling tower 11—cooling water circulation pump 13—condensation Device 12—the order of cooling tower 11 inlets, use seamless steel pipes and related accessories to connect each device to form a cooling water circuit.
本系统通过中低温烟气管道,把锅炉中低温烟气引入热管2的下端(蒸发段)进行热交换,之后进入热水预热器15对回水预热,最后经排烟风机17加压排至烟囱,形成中低温烟气排烟管路。中低温烟气排烟管道用2mm热轧钢板焊接而成,烟囱为直径300mm的钢制结构,按烟气换热器4--热水预热器15—排烟风机17—烟囱的顺序,安装烟气管路。 This system introduces the medium and low temperature flue gas from the boiler into the lower end of the heat pipe 2 (evaporation section) through the medium and low temperature flue gas pipeline for heat exchange, and then enters the hot water preheater 15 to preheat the return water, and finally pressurizes it through the exhaust fan 17 It is discharged to the chimney to form a medium and low temperature flue gas exhaust pipeline. The medium and low temperature flue gas exhaust pipe is welded with 2mm hot-rolled steel plates, and the chimney is a steel structure with a diameter of 300mm. According to the sequence of flue gas heat exchanger 4--hot water preheater 15-exhaust fan 17-chimney, Install the flue gas line. the
本系统所有设备配件按图1连接,安装完成后,进行管道的氮气吹扫,对有机朗肯循环系统抽真空,并分别按要求向相应管路内充入R123及自来水。 All equipment and accessories of this system are connected according to Figure 1. After the installation is completed, nitrogen purging of the pipeline is carried out to vacuum the organic Rankine cycle system, and R123 and tap water are filled into the corresponding pipelines as required. the
实施例2:本圆筒式有机介质蒸发中低温烟气余热发电系统与实施例1相同,所采用的有机朗肯循环工质为丙烷R290;热虹吸管垂直倾斜300设置,采用两相热虹吸管、共1000根,每根管长4.5m、上下段上分别有32片强化传热翅片;热虹吸管内灌有25%V(热管体积)的软化脱盐水。 Example 2: This cylindrical organic medium evaporation medium and low temperature flue gas waste heat power generation system is the same as Example 1, the organic Rankine cycle working fluid used is propane R290; the thermosiphon is vertically inclined at 30 ° , and a two-phase thermosiphon is used , a total of 1,000 tubes, each tube is 4.5m long, and there are 32 enhanced heat transfer fins on the upper and lower sections; the thermosiphon tube is filled with 25% V (heat pipe volume) of softened desalted water.
实施例3:本圆筒式有机介质蒸发中低温烟气余热发电系统与实施例1相同,所采用的有机朗肯循环工质为甲苯、戊烷R601、四氟乙烷R134a,分别按30%、25%、45%的体积比混合而成;热虹吸管垂直倾斜500设置,采用两相热虹吸管、共900根,每根管长5.5m、上下段上分别有48片强化传热翅片;热虹吸管内灌有30%V(热管体积)的软化脱盐水。 Example 3: This cylindrical organic medium evaporation medium and low temperature flue gas waste heat power generation system is the same as that of Example 1, and the organic Rankine cycle working fluids used are toluene, pentane R601, and tetrafluoroethane R134a, respectively at 30% , 25%, and 45% volume ratio; the thermosiphon is vertically inclined at 50 0 , and a total of 900 two-phase thermosiphons are used. Each tube is 5.5m long, and there are 48 enhanced heat transfer fins on the upper and lower sections. ; The thermosiphon is filled with 30% V (heat pipe volume) of softened desalted water.
实施例4:本圆筒式有机介质蒸发中低温烟气余热发电系统与实施例1相同,所采用的有机朗肯循环工质为甲苯、三氟二氯乙烷R123、丙烷R290、五氟丙烷R245fa、戊烷R601、异戊烷R601a、正戊烷(C5H12)、正己烷(C6H14)、丁烷R600、异丁烷R600a、四氟乙烷R134a,分别按10%、15%、5%、6%、8%、11%、5%、7%、5%、18%、10%的体积比混合而成;热虹吸管垂直倾斜400设置,采用两相热虹吸管、共1100根,每根管长4m、上下段上分别有24片强化传热翅片;热虹吸管内灌有15%V(热管体积)的软化脱盐水。 Example 4: This cylindrical organic medium evaporation medium and low temperature flue gas waste heat power generation system is the same as Example 1, and the organic Rankine cycle working fluids used are toluene, trifluorodichloroethane R123, propane R290, and pentafluoropropane 10 % , _ 15%, 5%, 6%, 8%, 11%, 5%, 7%, 5%, 18%, 10% volume ratio is mixed; the thermosiphon is vertically inclined at 40 0 , and the two-phase thermosiphon, There are 1100 tubes in total, each tube is 4m long, and there are 24 enhanced heat transfer fins on the upper and lower sections respectively; the thermosiphon tubes are filled with 15% V (heat pipe volume) softened desalted water.
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102401592A (en) * | 2011-11-21 | 2012-04-04 | 昆明理工大学 | Cylinder type organic medium evaporation medium-low temperature flue gas waste heat power generation system |
CN104929705A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-09-23 | 同济大学 | Simplified step recovery gas internal combustion engine waste heat system |
TWI621819B (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2018-04-21 | 張平 | Evaporation and condensation apparatus and power apparatus |
CN110953913A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-03 | 贺迈新能源科技(上海)有限公司 | Heat pipe energy storage type steam equipment with low-pressure steam recovery function |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102401592A (en) * | 2011-11-21 | 2012-04-04 | 昆明理工大学 | Cylinder type organic medium evaporation medium-low temperature flue gas waste heat power generation system |
CN104929705A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-09-23 | 同济大学 | Simplified step recovery gas internal combustion engine waste heat system |
TWI621819B (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2018-04-21 | 張平 | Evaporation and condensation apparatus and power apparatus |
CN110953913A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-03 | 贺迈新能源科技(上海)有限公司 | Heat pipe energy storage type steam equipment with low-pressure steam recovery function |
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