CN202159582U - Combination electrode super capacitor - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a combination electrode super capacitor, which comprises a membrane and electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is arranged on two sides of the membrane, a combination electrode is arranged outside the electrolyte, and the combination electrode is formed by a collector, a graphene layer and a ruthenium dioxide layer. The graphene layer is covered on the inner side surface of the collector, the ruthenium dioxide layer is covered on the inner side surface of the graphene layer, and the inner side surface of the ruthenium dioxide layer is contacted with the electrolyte. Sealant is arranged on the membrane, the electrolyte and two ends of the combination electrode. The combination electrode super capacitor uses the collector, the graphene layer and the ruthenium dioxide layer to form the combination electrode, makes full use of characteristics of large specific surface area of graphene and large specific capacity of ruthenium dioxide, and simultaneously combines the advantages of the graphene and the ruthenium dioxide after mixing. Wet gel is coated on the surface of graphene to obtain amorphous ruthenium dioxide hydrate, simultaneously use of precious metal ruthenium is effectively controlled, use quantity of the ruthenium is reduced, and production cost is saved.

Description

Composite Electrode Supercapacitor

technical field

The utility model relates to a capacitor, in particular to a composite electrode super capacitor.

Background technique

Supercapacitors, also known as electrochemical capacitors or large-capacity capacitors, are a new type of energy storage device between traditional capacitors and batteries. redox reactions to store energy. Supercapacitors can store more than 10 times the energy of conventional capacitors while having a power density 10 to 100 times higher than batteries. It has the characteristics of short charging time, long service life, good temperature characteristics, energy saving and environmental protection. Supercapacitors not only have potential application value in electric vehicles, but also are widely used in communication, industry and other fields as backup power supply and independent power supply. As high pulse current generators, they will also play an important role in aerospace and national defense. Because supercapacitors have excellent characteristics and have broader application prospects than traditional chemical batteries, countries all over the world have spared no effort in the development and research of supercapacitors. Supercapacitors have become one of the current research hotspots.

A supercapacitor is mainly composed of electrodes, electrolyte and separator. The electrode includes two parts: electrode active material and collector. The function of the collector is to reduce the internal resistance of the electrode. It is required to have a large contact area with the electrode, a small contact resistance, strong corrosion resistance, stable performance in the electrolyte, and no chemical reaction. The function of the separator is to allow ions to pass through while preventing the physical contact between the two electrodes. The commonly used materials are glass fiber and polypropylene membrane.

Electrode materials are the key factors determining the performance of supercapacitors. The electrode materials currently used in supercapacitors include carbon materials, metal oxide materials and high molecular polymers. Carbon material is an excellent material that people generally pay attention to. It has the advantages of very large specific surface area and low cost. At the same time, carbon materials also have the disadvantages of small effective specific surface area and low single working voltage. As the electrode material of supercapacitor, high molecular polymer has short cycle life and other shortcomings, which limits the improvement of supercapacitor performance.

Ruthenium dioxide (RuO ₂ ) is a high energy density electrode material with high capacity and low resistance, and is considered to be a material with broad application prospects. However, ruthenium resources are scarce and expensive, so improving the utilization efficiency of ruthenium has become a widely concerned issue.

Graphene is a new type of material in which carbon atoms are tightly packed into a hexagonal lattice structure in two-dimensional space. Graphene is the basic structural unit of sp2 hybridized carbon such as zero-position fullerene, one-dimensional carbon nanotubes, and three-dimensional bulk graphite. Graphene is a substance without an energy gap and exhibits metallic properties; in single-layer graphene, each carbon atom has an unbonded electron, so it has very good electrical conductivity. Due to its excellent mechanical and physical properties, graphene has become one of the research hotspots in materials science. Graphene has a very large specific surface area and good electrical conductivity and is a good electrode material for supercapacitors. Combining the excellent properties of graphene and ruthenium dioxide to study a composite electrode with excellent performance has become a new research direction.

In recent years, composite electrodes prepared by mixing different kinds of electrode materials have been extensively studied. Especially after graphene and metal oxide, graphene and polymer etc. are mixed according to certain ratio, the compound electrode that makes has got extensive attention especially. During the research process, it was found that graphene is prone to clustering, uneven mixing, and the excellent performance of graphene cannot be fully utilized, resulting in no significant improvement in the performance of the composite electrode.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is: to provide a composite electrode supercapacitor, which has higher power density and higher energy density, can be recycled, has a long service life and lower production cost, so as to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.

The utility model is realized in the following way: the compound electrode supercapacitor includes a diaphragm and an electrolyte, and the electrolyte is located on both sides of the diaphragm, and a compound electrode is arranged on the outside of the electrolyte, and the compound electrode is composed of a collector electrode, a graphene layer and a ruthenium dioxide layer, The graphene layer is covered on the inner surface of the collector electrode, the ruthenium dioxide layer is covered on the inner surface of the graphene layer, and the inner surface of the ruthenium dioxide layer is in contact with the electrolyte; there are seals at both ends of the diaphragm, electrolyte and composite electrode glue.

The diaphragm is an ion-permeable membrane with a thickness of 8-200 μm. The diaphragm is mainly one of polypropylene porous film, glass fiber porous film or polytetrafluoroethylene porous film.

The graphene layer is one or more layers. The graphene layer can be single-layer graphene, or a composite structure composed of multiple single-layers, or other forms of carbon with a larger surface area. The choice of thickness depends on the specific conditions and requirements of the electrode performance.

The electrolyte is an acidic electrolyte, and generally a sulfuric acid solution is used as the electrolyte.

Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the utility model adopts a collector electrode, a graphene layer and a ruthenium dioxide layer to form a composite electrode, and this structure fully utilizes the large specific surface area of graphene and the specific capacity of ruthenium dioxide Great features, combined with the advantages of graphene and ruthenium dioxide mixed; due to the use of wet gel coated on the surface of graphene to obtain amorphous ruthenium dioxide hydrate, both graphene and ruthenium dioxide can be better The compounding of graphene clusters avoids the occurrence of graphene clusters, and at the same time, the use of precious metal ruthenium is effectively controlled, reducing the amount of ruthenium used, and saving production costs. The manufacturing cost of the utility model is relatively low, and the obtained product has higher power density and higher energy density, can be recycled, has a long service life, lower manufacturing cost, and has wide application value.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model;

Explanation of reference signs:

1-diaphragm, 2-electrolyte, 3-composite electrode, 4-sealant, 5-collector, 6-graphene layer, 7-ruthenium dioxide layer7.

Detailed ways

Embodiment 1 of the present utility model: the structure of composite electrode supercapacitor is as shown in Figure 1, comprises diaphragm 1, electrolyte 2, adopts polypropylene membrane porous film as diaphragm 1, and its thickness is 100 μ m; Adopt sulfuric acid solution as electrolyte 2; Electrolyte 2. On both sides of the diaphragm 1, a composite electrode 3 is provided on the outside of the electrolyte 2. The composite electrode 3 is composed of a collector 5, a graphene layer 6 and a ruthenium dioxide layer 7. The graphene layer 6 covers the inside of the collector 5 On the surface, the ruthenium dioxide layer 7 is covered on the inner surface of the graphene layer 6, and the inner surface of the ruthenium dioxide layer 7 is in contact with the electrolyte 2; the two ends of the diaphragm 1, the electrolyte 2 and the composite electrode 3 are provided with a sealant 4 ;.

The preparation method of the composite electrode supercapacitor adopts tantalum as the material of the catalyst substrate, uses the catalyst substrate as the collector electrode 5, first places the catalyst substrate in an oxygen-free reactor and heats it, and heats the catalyst substrate to 950 ℃, then feed methane gas into the reactor (gas flow rate is related to the thickness of graphene layer 6 to be prepared), so that graphene layer 6 is formed on the surface of the catalyst substrate; take RuCl ₃ 3H ₂ O and citric acid , weighed according to the ratio of RuCl ₃ 3H ₂ O: citric acid 1:3, dissolved them in absolute ethanol respectively, and dripped the citric acid ethanol solution at a speed of 30 drops/min on a magnetic stirrer RuCl ₃ ethanol solution, make it react fully, and get wet gel after standing for 48 hours; coat the wet sol on the surface of graphene layer 6, and control the thickness of the coating to be 400 μm, in a drying oven at 100°C Dry for 10 hours, and then heat-treat at 200°C for 1 hour to form a ruthenium dioxide layer on the surface of the graphene layer to obtain a composite electrode; package the composite electrode, separator, electrolyte and sealant according to the diagram to form a super capacitor.

Embodiment 2 of the present utility model: the structure of composite electrode supercapacitor is as shown in Figure 1, comprises diaphragm 1, electrolyte 2, adopts glass fiber porous film as diaphragm 1, and its thickness is 8 μ m; Adopt hydrochloric acid solution as electrolyte 2; Electrolyte 2 On both sides of the diaphragm 1, a composite electrode 3 is provided on the outside of the electrolyte 2. The composite electrode 3 is composed of a collector electrode 5, a graphene layer 6 and a ruthenium dioxide layer 7. The graphene layer 6 covers the inner surface of the collector electrode 5 Above, the ruthenium dioxide layer 7 is covered on the inner surface of the graphene layer 6, and the inner surface of the ruthenium dioxide layer 7 is in contact with the electrolyte 2; a sealant 4 is provided at both ends of the diaphragm 1, the electrolyte 2 and the composite electrode 3;

The preparation method of composite electrode supercapacitor adopts copper-nickel alloy as the material of the catalyst substrate, uses the catalyst substrate as the collector electrode 5, first places the catalyst substrate in an oxygen-free reactor and heats it, and heats the catalyst substrate to 500°C, and then feed carbon monoxide gas into the reactor (the gas flow rate is related to the thickness of the graphene layer 6 to be prepared), so that the graphene layer 6 is formed on the surface of the catalyst substrate; the ruthenium dioxide target is used, and the In the method of magnetron sputtering, a layer of ruthenium dioxide is deposited on the surface of the graphene layer 6, and the thickness of the ruthenium dioxide layer is controlled to be 200 μm; dried in a drying oven at 80°C for 12h, and then heat-treated at 200°C for 1 Hours, a ruthenium dioxide layer is formed on the surface of the graphene layer to obtain a composite electrode; the composite electrode, diaphragm, electrolyte and sealant are packaged according to the diagram to form a supercapacitor.

Embodiment 3 of the present utility model: the structure of composite electrode supercapacitor is shown in Figure 1, comprises diaphragm 1, electrolyte 2, adopts nitric acid solution as electrolyte 2, and electrolyte 2 is in the both sides of diaphragm 1, is provided with on the outside of electrolyte 2 Composite electrode 3, composite electrode 3 is made up of collector electrode 5, graphene layer 6 and ruthenium dioxide layer 7, and graphene layer 6 is covered on the inside surface of collector electrode 5, and ruthenium dioxide layer 7 is covered on graphene layer 6 On the inner surface, the inner surface of the ruthenium dioxide layer 7 is in contact with the electrolyte 2; a sealant 4 is provided at both ends of the diaphragm 1, the electrolyte 2 and the composite electrode 3; the diaphragm 1 is an ion-permeable membrane with a thickness of 200 μm.

The preparation method of the composite electrode supercapacitor adopts tantalum as the material of the catalyst substrate, uses the catalyst substrate as the collector electrode 5, first places the catalyst substrate in an oxygen-free reactor and heats the catalyst substrate to 1200 ℃, and then feed the toluene-containing gas into the reactor (the gas flow rate is related to the thickness of the graphene layer 6 to be prepared), so that it forms a graphene layer 6 on the surface of the catalyst substrate; it makes it form graphite on the surface of the catalyst substrate Graphene layer 6; Ru(OC ₂ H ₅ ) ₃ with a thickness of 1000 μm is coated on the surface of the graphene layer 6, and dried in a drying oven at 120°C for 8h, and then heat-treated at 200°C for 1h. A ruthenium dioxide layer is formed on the surface to obtain a composite electrode; the composite electrode, diaphragm, electrolyte and sealant are packaged according to the diagram to form a supercapacitor.

Claims (4)

1. A composite electrode supercapacitor, comprising a diaphragm (1) and an electrolyte (2), characterized in that: the electrolyte (2) is located on both sides of the diaphragm (1), and a composite electrode (3) is provided outside the electrolyte (2) ), the composite electrode (3) consists of a collector electrode (5), a graphene layer (6) and a ruthenium dioxide layer (7), the graphene layer (6) covers the inner surface of the collector electrode (5), and the The ruthenium layer (7) is covered on the inner surface of the graphene layer (6), and the inner surface of the ruthenium dioxide layer (7) is in contact with the electrolyte (2); between the diaphragm (1), the electrolyte (2) and the composite electrode (3 ) are provided with sealant (4) at both ends. 2 . The composite electrode supercapacitor according to claim 1 , wherein the separator ( 1 ) is an ion-permeable membrane with a thickness of 8-200 μm. 3. The composite electrode supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that: there are more than one graphene layer (6). 4. The composite electrode supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrolyte (2) is an acidic electrolyte.

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