CN202148973U - Generating set of vertical shaft tidal current turbine with telescopic arm length - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a variable arm length vertical axis tidal current water turbine generator set, which belongs to the field of renewable energy development. The generator set is mainly composed of blades, arm seals, telescopic arms, pistons, fixed arms, hydraulic cylinders for shortening, hydraulic cylinders for extending, supporting wheels, compression nuts, flow speed direction sensors, main shafts, main shaft bearings, and large gears. , support base, hydraulic oil station, hydraulic pump for shortening, hydraulic pump for extending, electric brush, integrated control system, journal seal, pinion shaft bearing, pinion shaft, coupling, generator. According to the direction of the tidal current and the velocity of the flow, the telescopic arm is dynamically extended or shortened during the rotation of the blades. When the normal direction of the telescopic arm is parallel to and perpendicular to the tidal current direction, the telescopic arm becomes the longest and shortest respectively, making the vertical Shaft tidal turbines achieve maximum energy capture efficiency. It is also possible to increase the self-starting capability of the water turbine for low-speed tidal currents by adjusting the telescopic arms. The utility model can be used for comprehensive development and utilization of river current energy and ocean tidal current energy.

Description

Variable arm length vertical axis tidal current turbine generator set

technical field

The utility model belongs to the field of renewable energy development, and relates to a variable arm long vertical axis tidal current water turbine generating set. the

Background technique

Energy and the environment are major issues facing the sustainable development of mankind, and the development of clean and renewable energy is a consensus of all countries in the world. my country's sea area is vast, with a total area of 4.7 million square kilometers; the coastline is long and tortuous, with 18,000 kilometers of mainland coastline and 14,000 kilometers of island coastline. Ocean energy resources are abundant, of which 20 million kilowatts of tidal current energy can be developed. Water flow resources, development and application prospects are very broad. the

The tidal current has typical overall reciprocating characteristics, and the direction of the tidal current will fluctuate due to the influence of climate, season and marine environment. Power generation is the main form of tidal current energy utilization, and the core of tidal current power generation is the water turbine that absorbs the tidal current. The vertical axis tidal current turbine has good self-starting performance, is suitable for flow in all directions, and has broad prospects for popularization and application. the

The tidal current energy capture efficiency is the core technical index to evaluate the turbine. During the rotation of the blades of the vertical axis tidal turbine, the force on the blades can be decomposed into the circumferential force and the normal force; the product of the circumferential force and the arm length is the generated torque, which drives the transmission system to generate electricity. For a vertical axis tidal turbine within the range of one revolution, for a single blade, due to the change of blade azimuth angle, the circumferential force in a large rotation angle range is small or negative, and the contribution of the circumferential force to the torque after interacting with the length of the arm is relatively small. Small or negative torque, resulting in low overall tidal current energy capture efficiency of the vertical axis tidal turbine. the

To sum up, improving the circumferential force of each blade of the vertical axis tidal current turbine or the positive torque of the turbine within a week is the key to improving its energy capture efficiency. the

Utility model content

The utility model aims at the problem that the energy capture efficiency of the vertical axis tidal current turbine is not high at present, and proposes a variable arm length vertical axis tidal current turbine generating set. the

The technical scheme that the utility model adopts is:

The variable arm long vertical axis tidal current turbine generator set includes blades, arm seals, telescopic arms, pistons, fixed arms, hydraulic cylinders for shortening, hydraulic cylinders for extending, supporting wheels, compression nuts, and flow speed direction sensors. , main shaft, main shaft bearing, large gear, support seat, hydraulic oil station, hydraulic pump for shortening, hydraulic pump for extending, electric brush, integrated control system, journal seal, pinion shaft bearing, pinion shaft, coupling and generators. the

In the variable arm length vertical axis tidal current turbine generating set, the blades are one of the NACA airfoils, the number is 1-6, and the surface is smooth; the preset angle of attack of each blade is the same, which is -10 ° to +10°; each blade has two fixed arms. the

In the variable arm length vertical axis tidal current turbine generator set, the telescopic arm has a cross-section of one of NACA airfoil, rectangle, rhombus and streamline, with a smooth surface to reduce fluid resistance; each blade There are two telescoping arms that attach to the blade at one end and carry a rectangular or circular piston at the other end. the

In the variable arm length vertical axis tidal current turbine generating set, the fixed arm has a cross-section of one of NACA airfoil, rectangle, rhombus and streamline, with a smooth surface to reduce fluid resistance; the inside of the fixed arm is Hollow structure, the hollow section is rectangular or circular, and the hollow structure inside the fixed arm is divided into a hydraulic cylinder for shortening and a hydraulic cylinder for extending by the piston of the telescopic arm. the

The variable arm long vertical axis tidal current turbine generating set has two main shaft bearings, one is a thrust bearing and the other is a radial bearing, which is lubricated by hydraulic oil from a hydraulic oil station; the pinion shaft There are two bearings, one is a thrust bearing and the other is a radial bearing, which is lubricated with hydraulic oil from a hydraulic oil station. the

Its described bull gear and pinion shaft, both transmission ratios are between 1: 1 to 20: 1, are a kind of in spur gear, helical gear, herringbone gear. the

A planetary gear transmission mechanism, a multi-stage gear transmission mechanism, a pulley transmission mechanism, and a hydraulic cylinder speed-increasing mechanism are used to replace the large gear, the pinion shaft, and the pinion shaft bearing to form a speed-increasing transmission system. the

The variable arm length vertical axis tidal current turbine generating set is further characterized in that blade end plates are respectively installed at both ends of the blade, and the blade end plate is located between the blade and the telescopic arm; the blade end plate has a smooth surface and is a thin plate, The area is larger than the cross-sectional area of the blade, and its shape is one of circular, oval or rectangular. The edge of the blade end plate is trimmed, streamlined or NACA airfoil shape to reduce the resistance of the fluid; the blade end The role of the plate is to reduce the slight eddy loss at the end of the blade, and the second is to prevent the flutter of the blade along the lengthwise direction in the current. the

The connection relationship of each component: the two ends of the blade are respectively fixed on one end of the upper and lower two telescopic arms, and the other end of the telescopic arm is inserted into the fixed arm through the piston, and can slide in the fixed arm along the normal direction; the fixed arm is fixed on the support wheel On the top, the support wheel is set on the main shaft, and the key is used to ensure synchronous rotation with the main shaft, and the axial displacement of the support wheel is limited by the compression nut and the steps of the main shaft; the tide speed direction sensor is fixed on the upper end of the main shaft; the main shaft passes through two The main shaft bearing is supported on the support seat, the large gear is set on the main shaft through a key, the large gear meshes with the pinion shaft, and the pinion shaft is supported on the support seat through the pinion shaft bearing; the pinion shaft is connected to the generator through a coupling; The hydraulic oil station is fixed at the lower end of the main shaft and rotates with the shaft; the hydraulic oil station is filled with an appropriate amount of hydraulic oil, and one hydraulic pump for shortening and one hydraulic pump for elongation are installed for each blade; the hydraulic pump for shortening and the hydraulic pump for elongation The pump is respectively connected to the hydraulic cylinder for shortening and the hydraulic cylinder for extending the fixed arm through the inner channel of the main shaft and the support wheel; the integrated control system supplies power to the hydraulic oil station through the brush, transmits the electric energy of the generator through the cable, and transmits the electric energy of the generator through the signal line or The wireless transmission receives the signal of the tidal current speed and direction sensor; the seal is located between the fixed arm and the telescopic arm, and the journal seal is located between the main shaft and the support seat, respectively realizing the seal between the moving and static parts. the

The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

1. It is suitable for tides in different directions. The telescopic arm of the vertical axis tidal current turbine can be adjusted according to the direction of the tidal current. When the normal direction of the telescopic arm is parallel to the direction of the tidal current, the telescopic arm is extended to the longest. When the telescopic arm is When the normal direction is perpendicular to the tidal current direction, the telescopic arm is shortened to the shortest, so that the variable arm length vertical axis tidal current turbine can achieve the maximum energy capture efficiency. the

2. The telescopic arm can be adjusted according to the flow rate of the tidal current, so that the output power of the vertical axis tidal current turbine is relatively stable. the

3. By adjusting the telescopic arm, the self-starting performance of the vertical axis tidal current turbine for the low-speed tidal current is increased. the

The utility model can be used for the comprehensive development and utilization of river current energy and ocean tidal current energy, can generate electricity for grid connection and drive, and can also generate electricity and store to provide an independent power supply for instruments and equipment, and the generated electric energy is clean and pollution-free. the

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a variable arm long vertical axis tidal current turbine generator set of the present invention. the

Fig. 2 is a top view of the variable arm length vertical axis tidal current turbine generating set of the utility model. the

Fig. 3 is a layout diagram of the main shaft hydraulic channel when three blades are installed in the variable arm length vertical axis tidal current turbine generating set of the utility model. the

Fig. 4(a) is a schematic diagram of a computing state according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this state, the blade arm length is fixed, and the outer diameter of the turbine is always 0.6m. the

Fig. 4(b) is a schematic diagram of a computing state according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this state, the arm length of the blade changes. Along the incoming flow direction, the blade arm length is the largest, which is 1.2m, and perpendicular to the incoming flow direction, the blade arm length is the smallest, which is 0.6m. The blade rotation track is elliptical. the

Fig. 5 is the variation curve of the blade circumferential force with the rotation angle in two states of the embodiment of the utility model. the

Fig. 6 is the variation curve of the blade normal force with the rotation angle in two states of the embodiment of the utility model. the

Fig. 7 is the variation curve of the torque of the water turbine with the rotation angle in two states according to the embodiment of the utility model. the

In the figure: 1 blade; 2 arm seal; 3 telescopic arm; 4 piston; 5 fixed arm;

6 hydraulic cylinder for shortening; 7 hydraulic cylinder for elongation; 8 support wheel; 9 compression nut;

10 tide speed direction sensor; 11 main shaft; 12 main shaft bearing; 13 large gear; 14 support seat; 15 hydraulic oil station; 16 hydraulic pump for shortening; 17 hydraulic pump for elongation; Neck seal; 21 pinion shaft bearing; 22 pinion shaft; 23 coupling; 24 generator. the

Detailed ways

As shown in the figure, the variable arm length vertical axis tidal current water turbine generating set of the utility model consists of blade 1, arm seal 2, telescopic arm 3, piston 4, fixed arm 5, hydraulic cylinder 6 for shortening, and hydraulic cylinder for elongation. Cylinder 7, supporting wheel 8, compression nut 9, tide speed direction sensor 10, main shaft 11, main shaft bearing 12, large gear 13, support seat 14, hydraulic oil station 15, hydraulic pump for shortening 16, hydraulic pump for extending 17. Electric brush 18, integrated control system 19, journal seal 20, pinion shaft bearing 21, pinion shaft 22, shaft coupling 23, and generator 24. the

Working process and principle: the tide speed direction sensor 10 transmits the tide information to the integrated control system 19, and the integrated control system 19 supplies the electric energy of its internal accumulator to the hydraulic oil station 15, and starts the shortening hydraulic pump according to the preset program 16 or extend the hydraulic pump 17, and the high-pressure hydraulic oil enters the hydraulic cylinder 6 for shortening or the hydraulic cylinder 7 for extending through the hydraulic channel inside the main shaft 11 and the support wheel 8, and changes the arm length of the telescopic arm 3 to make the vertical The shaft tidal turbine starts automatically at the current tidal flow rate; after the turbine starts, the arm length of the telescopic arm 3 is dynamically changed according to the preset program and tidal current direction, so that the torque generated by the vertical tidal tidal turbine reaches the optimum. The torque of the water turbine is transmitted to the generator 24 through the main shaft 11, the bull gear 13, the pinion shaft 22 and the coupling 23, and the electric energy generated by the generator 24 is transmitted to the accumulator of the integrated control system 19, and the integrated control system 19 stores the energy A small part of the electric energy in the device is supplied to the hydraulic oil station 15 through electric brushes, and most of them are transmitted to the grid through cables. the

Specific implementation steps:

(1) According to the flow velocity of the current in the sea area, the hydraulic performance of the airfoil, and the power demand, etc., numerical simulation is used to calculate the variation law of the energy capture efficiency with the tip speed ratio, and the optimal tip speed ratio corresponding to the point with the maximum energy capture efficiency is found. the

(2) According to the tidal flow velocity and the optimal tip speed ratio, optimize the dynamic arm length of the turbine, and take the maximum energy capture efficiency as the optimization goal, and determine the arm length variation rules of the turbine at various flow rates. the

(3) Design, process and install variable arm long vertical axis tidal current turbine generator set as shown in Figure 1. the

Example:

Taking the single-blade variable arm long vertical axis tidal current turbine generating set as an example, the simulation effect of the utility model is explained as follows:

(1) Tidal current condition: tidal flow velocity 2m/s. the

(2) Design results: the turbine speed is 55 rpm, single blade, the blade airfoil is NACA0025, the blade chord length is 0.15m, the span length is 1.5m, the blade preset angle of attack is 0°, and the resistance and dynamics of the shaft and arm are not considered. effect. the

(3) Simulation state description, as shown in Figure 4:

State 1: The blade arm length is fixed, and the outer diameter of the turbine is always 0.6m;

State 2: The arm length of the blade is variable. Along the incoming flow direction, the blade arm length is the largest, which is 1.2m. Vertically, the blade arm length is the smallest, which is 0.6m. The blade rotation track is elliptical;

In the direction perpendicular to the incoming flow, the cross sections of the two states are equal, that is, the total energy of the downflow in the two states is equal. the

(4) Simulation method: double-disk multi-flow pipe algorithm. the

(5) Simulation results: Fig. 5 is the variation curve of blade circumferential force with rotation angle in two states, Fig. 6 is the variation curve of blade normal force with rotation angle in two states, and Fig. 7 is the variation curve of turbine torque with rotation angle in two states. the

(6) Analysis of results: Figure 5 shows that during the blade rotation process, the peak value of the circumferential force generated when the blade arm length is fixed is small, and the circumferential force is close to zero in a wide range, while the peak value of the circumferential force increases when the blade changes arm length , the range where the circumferential force is close to zero is significantly reduced; Fig. 6 shows that during the rotation of the blade, the normal force generated when the arm length of the blade is fixed is negative in the first half of the rotation angle range, and positive in the other half, and the peak values are higher than When the arm length of the blade is small, the distribution of the normal force remains unchanged, but the peak value increases; Figure 7 shows that during the rotation of the blade, the peak value of the torque generated when the blade arm length is fixed is small, and there is a larger rotation angle range The torque is close to zero, and when the blade arm is long, the peak value of the turbine torque increases significantly, the range of torque close to zero decreases significantly, and there is almost no case where the torque is negative. the

After post-processing the above data, the tip speed ratio of the two states is 1.73, the total incoming power is the same, when the blade arm length is fixed, the average torque is 185.7Nm, the output power is 69.7W, and the energy capture efficiency is 13.6%. When the arm length of the blade is changed, the average torque is 559.2Nm, the output power is 220.8W, and the energy capture efficiency is 41.0%. The average torque, output power and energy capture efficiency are all increased by more than 3 times. the

In summary, the average output torque, output power and energy capture efficiency of the vertical axis tidal turbine are significantly improved during the change of the arm length. The comprehensive benefits will be more prominent. the

Claims (3)

1. A variable arm long vertical axis tidal current turbine generator set, comprising blades (1), arm seals (2), telescopic arms (3), pistons (4), fixed arms (5), shortening hydraulic cylinders ( 6), hydraulic cylinder for elongation (7), support wheel (8), compression nut (9), tide speed direction sensor (10), main shaft (11), main shaft bearing (12), large gear (13) , support base (14), hydraulic oil station (15), hydraulic pump for shortening (16), hydraulic pump for extending (17), electric brush (18), integrated control system (19), journal seal (20) , pinion shaft bearing (21), pinion shaft (22), coupling (23) and generator (24); The blades (1) are one of the NACA airfoils, the number is 1-6, and the surface is smooth; the preset angle of attack of each blade is the same, which is -10° to +10°; each blade has two fixed arm (5); The telescopic arm (3) has a cross-section of one of NACA airfoil, rectangle, rhombus and streamline, with a smooth surface; each blade 1 has two telescopic arms 3, and one end of the telescopic arm 3 is connected to the blade 1 , with a rectangular or circular piston (4) at the other end; The fixed arm (5) has a cross-section of one of NACA airfoil, rectangle, rhombus and streamline, with a smooth surface; the inside of the fixed arm (5) is a hollow structure, and the hollow cross-section is rectangular or circular; There are two main shaft bearings (12), one is a thrust bearing, and the other is a radial bearing, which is lubricated with hydraulic oil from a hydraulic oil station (15); there are two pinion shaft bearings (21), one One is a thrust bearing, the other is a radial bearing, which is lubricated by the hydraulic oil of the hydraulic oil station (15); The bull gear (13) and the pinion shaft (22) have a transmission ratio of 1:1 to 20:1, and are one of spur gears, helical gears and herringbone gears. 2. variable arm long vertical axis tidal current turbine generator set according to claim 1, is characterized in that, replaces bull gear ( 13), pinion shaft (22), pinion shaft bearing (21) constitute speed-increasing transmission system. 3. According to claim 1 or 2, the variable arm length vertical axis tidal current turbine generating set is further characterized in that blade end plates are respectively installed at both ends of the blade (1), and the blade end plates are located between the blade (1) and the retractable Between the arms (3); the blade end plate has a smooth surface, which is a thin plate with an area greater than the cross-sectional area of the blade 1, and its shape is a kind of circle, ellipse or rectangle, and the edge of the blade end plate is trimmed. Streamlined handling or NACA airfoil shape.

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