CN201828278U - Digital photoelectric angle sensor for sun precise tracking - Google Patents
Digital photoelectric angle sensor for sun precise tracking Download PDFInfo
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- CN201828278U CN201828278U CN2010205242023U CN201020524202U CN201828278U CN 201828278 U CN201828278 U CN 201828278U CN 2010205242023 U CN2010205242023 U CN 2010205242023U CN 201020524202 U CN201020524202 U CN 201020524202U CN 201828278 U CN201828278 U CN 201828278U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a digital photoelectric angle sensor for sun precise tracking, belonging to the application field of solar energy and the field of meteorological observation apparatuses. The sensor comprises an optical imaging unit, a photoelectric detection unit, an information processing unit, an output interface unit, a shell and the like, wherein the optical imaging unit is fixed at one end of the shell, and the photoelectric detection unit, the information processing unit, an electrical interface unit and the like are sequentially arranged at the other end of the shell. By using two digital photoelectric angle sensors, incident angles of sun incident light in two directions can be precisely measured, precise sun azimuth signals can be provided for a sun tracking system or a solar radiation measurement system, and therefore precise tracking and radiation measurement of the sun can be realized. Since slit imaging is adopted, the structure is simple, the volume is small and aberration does not exist; the defects existing in an analog photoelectric sensor can be overcome; and the angles are measured precisely, the accuracy is high, the angle calibration is simple, and the mass assembling, debugging and calibration of the sensor can be facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to Application of Solar Energy field, meteorological observation instrument field, particularly a kind of digital optoelectronic angle sensor that is used for sun precision tracking.
Background technology
The energy is that human civilization exists and the important support that develops, and also be the indispensable resource of human survival, but in the present world wide, traditional fossil fuel constantly reduces, and is badly in need of seeking substitute energy for human being's production and life use.In all substitute energy kinds, characteristics such as sun power is inexhaustible, nexhaustible with it, clean environment firendly, free justice more and more are subjected to people's favor, become the focus that people attract attention.
As clean energy resource, the human at present utilization to sun power mainly contains light one electricity conversion and two kinds of forms of light one thermal cross over, i.e. solar electrical energy generation and solar energy heating two big classes.Yet the sun power utilization of these two kinds of forms all exists problems such as sun power space radiation distribution changes constantly, energy centralization density is low, has reduced the service efficiency of sun power, has influenced the universal utilization of sun power.How with solar energy highly effective change into easy-to-use electric energy or heat energy, become one of current great research topic.
At present under the certain condition of the conversion efficiency of solar panel and solar thermal collector itself, further one of effective way that improves the sun power utilization ratio is carried out real-time follow-up to the sun exactly, constantly keeps the light-sensitive surface of transducer vertical with the incident ray of the sun.Studies show that, the tracking of the sun and non-tracking, the receiving efficiency of energy differs about 37.7%.Compare with fixing photovoltaic generation equipment, can improve about 35% from the generating set generated energy of motion tracking.As seen, accurately follow the tracks of the sun conversion efficiency of transducer is improved greatly, and then improve the efficient of solar energy application system, help the universal utilization of sun power.Therefore, in the Application of Solar Energy field, solar azimuth is carried out high precision tracking just become a necessary gordian technique.
According to common sorting technique, the solar tracking mode has photoelectric sensor to follow the tracks of and look the daily motion track following usually.It is to utilize a plurality of analog photoelectric sensor sensitization that sensor is followed the tracks of, and carries out light-to-current inversion.As single analog photoelectric sensor, photodiode, phototriode, photoelectric cell, thermopair, photoresistance, four-quadrant photovoltaic sensor, photomultiplier etc. are arranged.Existing photoelectric sensor tracking mode is owing to be to utilize the difference of the light intensity signal of simulation to carry out angular detection, exist element sensitivity along with time and temperature drift, measuring error is big, measuring accuracy is low, shortcoming such as lose objects sometimes.Especially when using a plurality of photoelectric sensor, its sensitivity discreteness problem is the greatest problem that influences measuring accuracy.Because measuring accuracy is low, make solar energy application system additionally increase cost, sometimes even lost the meaning that in equipment, increases tracker.Though can all-weather real-time follow the tracks of and look day tracking, calculation of complex and tracking accuracy are lower.
In addition, in the meteorological observation field, the common instrument of measuring solar radiation is the solar radiation table.For a long time, existing a difficult problem in solar radiation observation, is exactly how to realize reliable and accurate the tracking to solar azimuth.Direct radiation since observation be direct radiation energy from the sun, the accuracy of its observed result directly depends on the height of tracking accuracy.When the axis of direct solar radiation table and sunray incident angle depart from, with the energy that incides sensor surface is reduced, produce very big measuring error, increased the uncertainty of observed result.World's majority state still adopts simple uniaxiality tracking device to drive the surveying instrument of solar radiation at present, and measuring error is big, can not satisfy measurement requirement.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of digital optoelectronic angle sensor that is used for sun precision tracking, solve prior art exist element sensitivity along with time and temperature drift, measuring error is big, measuring accuracy is low, shortcoming such as lose objects sometimes.
The digital optoelectronic angle sensor that the utility model is used for sun precision tracking comprises optical imagery unit, photodetection unit, information process unit, output interface unit, housing etc. wherein, described optical imagery unit is fixed on housing one end, and sunshine enters sensor from image-generating unit; The other end of housing is arranged photodetection unit, information process unit, electrical interface unit etc. respectively.Described optical imagery unit is made of trim ring, glass protecting cover, ring washer, neutral colour filter, slit etc. successively and is arranged in order, and is installed in the front end of housing; Described slit is an optical slot, can be formed by machining, also can be processed by glass etch technique.Described photodetection unit is made of spike interference filter, line array CCD, photosignal pre-process circuit, automatic gain control circuit, high-speed a/d converter, first microprocessor A, the center line of slit is vertical mutually with the one dimension pixel array centerline of line array CCD, and foundation takes measurement of an angle and the requirement of precision, determines the distance on slit and line array CCD pixel surface and the pixel number of line array CCD.Described CCD photoelectric sensor adopts the linear array type, and pixel quantity can be 256,1024,1728,2048,2700,3468,5000 or 7500; The photosignal pre-process circuit is finished functions such as the amplification, filtering of line array CCD output signal, is realized by the high-speed computation amplifying circuit; Automatic gain control circuit is built by special IC or universal integrated circuit, finishes the amplitude of photosignal and just controls; A/D converter is selected 10 or 12 s' high speed device for use, and its function is that light intensity space distribution signal is changed into digital signal.First microprocessor A adopts arm processor, is responsible for that driven CCD, programme-controlled gain, floating threshold setting, data acquisition latch etc.The photodetection unit is a core with first microprocessor A, the functions such as driving, data acquisition and pre-service of line array CCD are combined together, the phase place and the frequency that can guarantee pulse that processor is sent out are accurate, stable, synchronous, simplify the circuit structure of CCD detection system, thereby make it have special advantages in the dynamic angle context of detection.Described information process unit is made of the second microprocessor B and peripheral circuit etc.; The second microprocessor B adopts the ARM processor equally, is responsible for angle calculation and solar azimuth calculating, angle calibration, error correction, angle and shows, sets, sends drive signal etc. with the PC communication, for topworks.The second microprocessor B is used to control the operation of total system.Described output interface unit is made of USB mouth, digital integrated circuit, and its effect is that measurement of angle information is exported to topworks.Wherein the USB mouth is the interface of 2.0 standards that carry of arm processor, is responsible for carrying out communication with PC; Digital integrated circuit is mainly finished functions such as buffering driving, power amplification and photoelectricity isolation.Described housing is formed by lighttight materials processings such as metal material or plastic materials, and its shape can be for square or be cylindrical shape; For the optical element that prevents enclosure interior and electricity device because the variation of environment temperature produces the dewfall phenomenon, in housing, charge into inert gas.
Owing to adopted the dual core processor technology, greatly strengthened the control of system and data acquisition, processing power, solved the problem of common monokaryon microprocessor application system processing power deficiency.
In order to realize the requirement of round-the-clock outside work, adopted hermetically-sealed construction, optics and signal processing are enclosed in the airtight cavity, realize purpose dustproof, waterproof.
The concrete structure that is used for the digital optoelectronic angle sensor of sun precision tracking described in the utility model is: mainly comprise the optical imagery unit, the photodetection unit, information process unit, the output interface unit, housing etc., wherein, described optical imagery unit is fixed on the front end of housing 6, this optical imagery unit is by trim ring 1, glass protecting cover 2, ring washer 3, neutral colour filter 4 and slit 5 constitute, described slit 5 is bonded in the entrance pupil front of housing 6, neutral colour filter 4, ring washer 3 and glass protecting cover 2 are fastened on the front end of slit 5 in regular turn by trim ring 1.
Described photodetection unit places the rear end of housing 6, the photodetection unit comprises spike interference filter 7, line array CCD 8 and link to each other in regular turn signal pre-processing circuit, automatic gain control circuit, high-speed a/d converter, first microprocessor A, described arrowband is bonded on the housing 6 in relating to optical filter 7, line array CCD 8 is welded on the printed circuit board 9, and printed circuit board 9 is fixed on the step of housing 6; O RunddichtringO 10 is enclosed within on the step cutting pattern of bonnet 13, realizes sealing functions with bonnet 13 and housing 6;
Described information process unit 11 comprises second microprocessor B and the peripheral circuit, information process unit 11 is fixed on the output interface unit 13 by the tapped copper post 12 of hexagon, output interface unit 13 is fixed on the bonnet 15 by the tapped copper post 14 of hexagon, and bonnet 15 is provided with wire hole and is fixed on the housing 6 with trip bolt 16.
Described slit 5 is an optical slot, is processed by machining or glass etch technique.
Described slit 5 center lines are vertical mutually with the one dimension pixel center line of the line array CCD 8 of optical detection unit, and foundation takes measurement of an angle and the requirement of precision, determines the distance on slit and line array CCD 8 pixel surfaces and the pixel number of line array CCD 8.
Described housing 6 is made of lighttight material, and it is shaped as square or cylindrical shape.
The workflow that is used for the digital optoelectronic angle sensor of sun precision tracking described in the utility model is:
The directional light of sun incident forms a branch of and the perpendicular wire hot spot of one dimension pixel array line array CCD through the optical imagery unit, and this hot spot is imaged onto on the pixel of CCD.Under the accurate gating pulse effect that microprocessor A sends, each pixel after the amplification of photodetection circuit, filtering, sampling, through the microprocessor computing, obtains the position encoded information of facula mass center on the CCD pixel through the electric signal after the opto-electronic conversion.Utilize this position encoded information and be stored in the interior known constant of microprocessor,, can try to achieve the angle of a deviation in driction vertical incidence of a certain moment sunshine, realize the purpose of this utility model through the arctangent computation of microprocessor.
The utlity model has following advantage:
1, the optical imagery unit adopts the slit imaging, and simple in structure, volume is little, aberrationless.
2, adopt digital line array CCD photoelectric sensor to detect the space distribution information of sunshine incident ray intensity when a certain incident angle, overcome the drawback that analog photoelectric sensor exists, avoided intrinsic sensitivity drift of analog photoelectric sensor and discreteness problem.
3, utilize the characteristics of line array CCD pixel dimension height unanimity, the precision measurement angle, the accuracy height, angle calibration is simple, helps batch assembling, debugging and the demarcation of sensor.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the perspective exploded view of the utility model sensor;
Fig. 2 is the section of structure of the utility model sensor;
Fig. 3 is the block scheme of the utility model sensor;
Fig. 4 is the front view of the utility model sensor.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the utility model is described in detail.
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the utility model is made up of the trip bolt 16 of housing 6 and the slit 5 that is arranged in order at these housing 6 front ends, neutral colour filter 4, ring washer 3, glass protecting cover 2, trim ring 1 and the spike interference filter of installing successively in this housing rear end 7, line array CCD 8, the printed circuit board 9 that has welded line array CCD 8, O RunddichtringO 10, information process unit 11, the tapped copper post 12 of hexagon, output interface unit 13, the tapped copper post 14 of hexagon, bonnet 15 and bonnet 15.Described housing 6 is made of lighttight material, and its shape can be for square or be cylindrical shape; The front end of described housing 6 is opened an oval type entrance pupil, sticks with glue slit 5 before this hole; The front end of slit 5 is provided with circular neutral colour filter 4, ring washer 3, circular glass protective cover 2, and they are fastened on the front end of slit 5 in order with trim ring 1.The rear end of described housing 6 is installed spike interference filter 7, line array CCD 8 successively and has been welded the trip bolt 16 of the tapped copper post 12 of printed circuit board 9, O RunddichtringO 10, information process unit 11, hexagon of line array CCD 8, output interface unit 13, the tapped copper post 14 of hexagon, bonnet 15 and bonnet 15.Described spike interference filter 7 sticks with glue the fixed position at housing 6; Described line array CCD 8 is welded on the printed circuit board 9, and printed circuit board 9 is screwed on the step of housing 6; O RunddichtringO 10 is enclosed within on the step cutting pattern of bonnet 13, realizes sealing functions with bonnet 13 and housing 6; The tapped copper post 12 of information process unit 11 usefulness hexagons is fastened on the output interface unit 13, and output interface unit 13 utilizes the tapped copper post 14 of hexagon to be fastened on the bonnet 15.Bonnet 15 is provided with wire hole and is anchored on the housing 6 with trip bolt 16.
Two tablet filters of the present utility model (neutral colour filter 4, spike interference filter 7) place the front end assembling of the light-sensitive surface of line array CCD 8, its objective is in order to improve the optical purity of CCD picture, eliminate the influence of parasitic light to measuring accuracy; Wherein neutral colour filter is the energy for the sunshine that is used for decaying, and adjusts incident flux, guarantees that CCD is operated in optimum condition.Spike interference filter is in order to select the stable zone of CCD spectral response, the part spectral energy that filtering is useless, and the spectral bandwidth of restriction incident light reduces the aberration of optical system, and CCD is operated on the stable band of response.
The utility model requires the center line of slit 5 vertical mutually with the one dimension pixel array centerline of line array CCD 8, and foundation takes measurement of an angle and the requirement of precision, determines the distance on slit and line array CCD 8 pixel surfaces and the pixel number of line array CCD 8.
Referring to Fig. 3, workflow of the present utility model is:
The parallel rays that the sun sends is after the glass protecting cover 2 of optical imagery unit X, Y, neutral colour filter 4, slit 5 imagings, again through spike interference filter 7, form a branch of and the perpendicular wire hot spot of one dimension pixel array line array CCD 8, be imaged onto respectively in the photosensitive unit of line array CCD 8 separately.The light signal that is directions X (as horizontal direction) is received by the line array CCD of directions X; The light signal of Y direction (as pitch orientation) is received by the linear array CC D of Y direction.
Under the accurate pulse signal and on-off circuit control that first microprocessor A sends, the light signal of both direction replaces the entering signal pre-process circuit, through signal processing circuit amplification, filtering, be input to high-speed a/d converter, convert digital signal to, be input in the first microprocessor A, gather and processing, metadata cache etc.The SP1 interface that data transmission between first, second microprocessor A, the B adopts processor inside to carry.
The second microprocessor B utilizes spi bus to receive through the pretreated facula position coded signal of first microprocessor A N1.Utilization is stored in the line array CCD pixel width parameter a in the second microprocessor B, the distance parameter H on slit center line and line array CCD sensitization pixel surface, the slit center line is in the resulting pixel coding site of the lip-deep orthogonal projection of line array CCD pixel parameter N 0, can be by following formula:
Calculate sunshine at a time and depart from the angle θ of vertical incidence.It is the incident angle on direction of a certain moment sun incident light.
The second microprocessor B both can be transferred to PC through USB interface with angle information and show, also can directly deliver to LCD and show, measurement of angle information directly can also be exported to the real-time follow-up that topworks carries out sun target.
Referring to Fig. 4, according to the mutually perpendicular requirement of slit direction, two sensors are installed on the two-dimentional Plane of rotation that is driven at the same time or separately by two stepper motors, just can realize the measurement and the tracking of the level angle and the luffing angle of the sun simultaneously.Twin shaft is controlled separately, is independent of each other.
It is as follows to utilize digital optoelectronic angle sensor of the present utility model to carry out the concrete control procedure of solar tracking:
Two digital optoelectronic angle sensors are installed in the topworks that is made of stepper motor and machine driven system.The incident angle that detects certain direction of sunshine when digital photoelectric sensor is greater than some values, for example 1 ° the time, information process unit just sends drive signal by interface circuit to stepper motor driver, the step motor drive machine driven system is rotated the angle that needs tracking, the light-sensitive surface that just can guarantee to be installed in the transducer in the topworks is vertical with sun incident light again, realizes the precision tracking of the sun.
Digital optoelectronic angle sensor of the present utility model can also have multiple concrete measurement of angle embodiment.For example:
(1), digital optoelectronic angle sensor of the present utility model under static state, can measure ± angle of the parallel incident light at θ angle changes.
(2), digital optoelectronic angle sensor of the present utility model under motion state, in conjunction with multi-form topworks, can carry out the directional light incident angle of multiple mode and measure.
For example, an optical imagery unit is installed on the one dimension rotary actuator driven by stepper motors, the parallel installation with rotation of slit length direction just can be measured the angle signal of one dimension.Under this measurement pattern, the angle variation range can reach 0～360 °.
Two angular transducers are loaded on respectively on two orthogonal two-dimentional rotary actuators driven by stepper motors, and slit length direction and the parallel installation of rotation separately just can be measured the angle signal of two-dimentional luminous target.
By that analogy,, can also measure the angle signal of three-dimensional luminous target, be used for catching, following the tracks of of space luminescence target if three angular transducers are loaded on respectively in three orthogonal three-dimensional rotation driven by stepper motors topworkies;
(3), digital optoelectronic angle sensor of the present utility model not only can be measured the relative angle variation of luminous target, realize the precision tracking of luminous target, and the present invention is by the suitable variation of control system structure and algorithm, and the absolute angle that can also measure luminous target changes.
For example, measure some longitudes and latitudes solar azimuth at a time on the earth.Preset an angle initial value to angular transducer, the angle that angular transducer is at a time detected adds this initial value, just can detect the absolute position of a certain moment sun.Angular transducer of the present invention since the mutual angle position relation of sensor and the sun can determine by the presetting angle initial value, so do not need the adjustment of complexity such as position of sun demarcation.
Further, if dispose convex lens at the optical window of sensor, the angle that can also measure incident light within wideer angular range changes.
Adopt the line array CCD sensor array to describe in the foregoing description, but also can adopt photodiode array sensor etc. and line array CCD sensor can bring into play the linear photoconductor sensor senses device of same purpose.
Angle of incidence of sunlight degree photoelectric measurement method and the digital optoelectronic angle sensor that is used for sun precision tracking of the present utility model, not only can be used for the Application of Solar Energy field, as solar electrical energy generation, solar energy heating, solar energy drying etc., can also be used for the meteorological observation field, as following the tracks of in the meteorologic instruments such as radiometer, pyranometer.For example, digital optoelectronic angle sensor is configured to tracking.
Claims (4)
1. one kind is used for the digital optoelectronic angle sensor that the sun glues close tracking, mainly comprise the optical imagery unit, the photodetection unit, information process unit, output interface unit and housing, it is characterized in that: described optical imagery unit is fixed on the front end of housing (6), this optical imagery unit is by trim ring (1), glass protecting cover (2), ring washer (3), neutral colour filter (4) and slit (5) constitute, described slit (5) is bonded in the entrance pupil front of housing (6), neutral colour filter (4), ring washer (3) and glass protecting cover (2) are fastened on the front end of slit (5) in regular turn by trim ring (1);
Described photodetection unit places the rear end of housing (6), the photodetection unit comprises spike interference filter (7), line array CCD (8) and link to each other in regular turn signal pre-processing circuit, automatic gain control circuit, high-speed a/d converter, first microprocessor (A), described spike interference filter (7) is bonded on the housing (6), line array CCD (8) is welded on the printed circuit board (9), and printed circuit board (9) is fixed on the step of housing (6);
Described information process unit (11) comprises second microprocessor (B) and peripheral circuit, and information process unit (11) is fixed on the output interface unit (13), and output interface unit (13) are fixed on the bonnet (15), and bonnet (15) is fixed on the housing (6).
2. the digital optoelectronic angle sensor that is used for sun precision tracking according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described slit (5) is an optical slot, is processed by machining or glass etch technique.
3. the digital optoelectronic angle sensor that is used for sun precision tracking according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described slit (5) center line is vertical mutually with the one dimension pixel center line of the line array CCD (8) of optical detection unit, and foundation takes measurement of an angle and the requirement of precision, determines the distance and the CCD pixel number on slit and line array CCD pixel surface.
4. the digital optoelectronic angle sensor that is used for sun precision tracking according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described housing (6) is made of lighttight material.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010205242023U CN201828278U (en) | 2010-09-10 | 2010-09-10 | Digital photoelectric angle sensor for sun precise tracking |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010205242023U CN201828278U (en) | 2010-09-10 | 2010-09-10 | Digital photoelectric angle sensor for sun precise tracking |
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| CN201828278U true CN201828278U (en) | 2011-05-11 |
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| CN2010205242023U Expired - Fee Related CN201828278U (en) | 2010-09-10 | 2010-09-10 | Digital photoelectric angle sensor for sun precise tracking |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101995233A (en) * | 2010-09-10 | 2011-03-30 | 曹彦波 | Angle measuring method for sun precision tracking and digital photoelectric angle sensor |
| CN108803672A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-11-13 | 武汉高德红外股份有限公司 | Photoelectric follow-up |
| CN119594961A (en) * | 2024-12-23 | 2025-03-11 | 中国海洋大学 | Digital sun sensor based on linear array CCD |
-
2010
- 2010-09-10 CN CN2010205242023U patent/CN201828278U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101995233A (en) * | 2010-09-10 | 2011-03-30 | 曹彦波 | Angle measuring method for sun precision tracking and digital photoelectric angle sensor |
| CN101995233B (en) * | 2010-09-10 | 2012-10-03 | 曹彦波 | Angle measuring method for sun precision tracking and digital photoelectric angle sensor |
| CN108803672A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-11-13 | 武汉高德红外股份有限公司 | Photoelectric follow-up |
| CN119594961A (en) * | 2024-12-23 | 2025-03-11 | 中国海洋大学 | Digital sun sensor based on linear array CCD |
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Granted publication date: 20110511 Termination date: 20130910 |