CN201819809U - Special dynamic performance measurement and control system for vehicle rubber shock absorbers - Google Patents
Special dynamic performance measurement and control system for vehicle rubber shock absorbers Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
车辆橡胶减振器专用动态性能测控系统，包括传感器、信号调理电路、动力或信号发生控制系统、伺服控制放大器、多功能数据采集卡、主控计算机；所述传感器与所述动力或信号发生控制系统连接到实验装置主体；所述传感器还连接所述信号调理电路，所述动力或信号发生控制系统还连接所述伺服控制放大器；所述信号调理电路和所述伺服控制放大器连接到所述多功能数据采集卡；所述多功能数据采集卡连接到所述主控计算机；本实用新型提供一种车辆橡胶减振器专用动态性能测控系统，根据具体工况环境进行橡胶减振器多参数的动态性能试验研究，获得其动态特性及其关系较完整的系统分析，实现车辆橡胶减振器合理化设计。
The dynamic performance measurement and control system dedicated to vehicle rubber shock absorbers, including sensors, signal conditioning circuits, power or signal generation control systems, servo control amplifiers, multi-function data acquisition cards, and main control computers; the sensors and the power or signal generation control The system is connected to the main body of the experimental device; the sensor is also connected to the signal conditioning circuit, and the power or signal generation control system is also connected to the servo control amplifier; the signal conditioning circuit and the servo control amplifier are connected to the multiple Functional data acquisition card; the multi-functional data acquisition card is connected to the main control computer; the utility model provides a special dynamic performance measurement and control system for rubber shock absorbers of vehicles, which performs multi-parameter monitoring of rubber shock absorbers according to specific working conditions. The dynamic performance test research obtains a relatively complete system analysis of its dynamic characteristics and its relationship, and realizes the rational design of vehicle rubber shock absorbers.
Description
[technical field]
The utility model relates to a kind of TT﹠C system, specifically is meant the special-purpose dynamic property TT﹠C system of rubber vehicle vibration damper.
[background technology]
Various vehicular traffics since in the working environment vibration source more, cause multiple harm, lax as damage of components, firm, and produce serious noise and waste energy.Some vehicle is because the noise pollution that phenomenons such as resonance produce is more serious.Its vibration control problem is one of key issue of competing between current each large enterprises.It is exactly to make it to produce more weak vibration that these oscillation phenomenons are controlled, but under some situation, all is uncontrollable as instability of road roughness, engine combustion etc.Vibration under some situation can be eliminated in theory, but but will consume higher cost, and the cost of products of manufacturing enterprise is increased.So the deviser should guarantee under the prerequisite of manufacturing cost, vibration control in a reasonable range.Damped products mainly contains spring, oil damper, rubber shock absorber.
Rubber shock absorber is as a kind of better quality products at good values, and it has advantages such as multi-direction vibration damping, manufacturing process be simple, easy for installation, is widely used in Vehicle Engineering.But its working environment is complicated dynamic operation condition, the codes and standards of most of rubber shock absorbers but have only static state or quasistatic design parameter, relationship analysis to the dynamic parameter system of rubber glue vibration damper lacks especially, this makes that its application can only be according to the reasoning in addition of Static Design parameter, carry out empirical design, can avoid using this design when thus, domestic vehicle designs as far as possible.Utilizing the characteristic of the dynamic parameter system of rubber shock absorber to carry out physical construction, Vehicle Engineering etc., to carry out the engineering dynamic design be that manufacturing enterprise obtains autonomous knowledge, the inevitable demand of developing industry excellent in design product.
Test specialized equipment to the rubber vehicle vibration damper generally also has only static state or quasistatic equipment at present, can not carry out dynamic multiparameter system test and dynamic data relationship analysis to rubber shock absorber rapidly and accurately, can not provide the design vehicle rubber shock absorber necessary multiple design reference.
[utility model content]
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model is to provide a kind of rubber vehicle vibration damper special-purpose dynamic property TT﹠C system, carry out the dynamic property experimental study of rubber shock absorber multiparameter according to concrete work condition environment, obtain dynamic perfromance and relational system analysis, realize rubber vehicle glue vibration damper rational Design on Plane.
The utility model solves the problems of the technologies described above by the following technical solutions:
The special-purpose dynamic property TT﹠C system of rubber vehicle vibration damper comprises sensor, signal conditioning circuit, power or signal generation control system, servo control amplifier, multifunctional data acquisition card, main control computer;
Described sensor and described power or signal generation control system are connected to the experimental provision main body; Described sensor also connects described signal accent amount circuit, and described power or signal generation control system also connect described servo control amplifier;
Described signal conditioning circuit and described servo control amplifier are connected to described multifunctional data acquisition card; Described multifunctional data acquisition card is connected to described main control computer.
Described sensor comprises displacement transducer, speed pickup, damping force sensor.
Advantage of the present utility model is: designed a kind of nonlinear viscoelasticity vibration damper dynamic performance testing system, more intactly research and analysis the dynamic property of tested object form and test data between dynamic relationship and displaying scheme, various dynamic relationship analyses have been carried out, selected the test system hardware formation, the principle of work and the testing process of system have been analyzed, and designed dynamic performance testing software, software development is the core of this virtual test system, adopt waveform input debugging software, operation result shows that this virtual measuring and controling system is feasible.The dynamic characteristic parameter of dynamic performance testing system constitutes and relationship analysis is a more comprehensive system in present this kind equipment.
[description of drawings]
The utility model will be further described in conjunction with the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the utility model system hardware composition frame chart.
Fig. 2 is a circulating sampling synoptic diagram in the utility model.
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of two passage synchronized samplings in the utility model.
Fig. 4 is the utility model interval scan synoptic diagram.
Fig. 5 is a dynamic performance testing software configuration frame diagram in the utility model.
Fig. 6 is the utility model program overall work process flow diagram.
Fig. 7 reads wave file and with four tunnel Signal Separation block diagrams in the utility model.
Fig. 8 is user interface map in the utility model (local figure).
Fig. 9 is a waveform display panel (local figure) in the utility model.
[embodiment]
Rubber vehicle vibration damper dynamic performance calculation machine observe and control system comprises hardware design and software design.Hardware design mainly comprises sensor, signal conditioning circuit, power or signal generation control system, servo control amplifier, multifunctional data acquisition card, main control computer as shown in Figure 1; Described sensor and described power or signal generation control system are connected to the experimental provision main body; Described sensor also connects described signal conditioning circuit, and described power or signal generation control system also connect described servo control amplifier; Described signal conditioning circuit and described servo control amplifier are connected to described multifunctional data acquisition card; Described multifunctional data acquisition card is connected to described main control computer.Described sensor comprises displacement transducer, speed pickup, damping force sensor.
Along with the development of computing machine and software engineering, virtual instrument is becoming the developing direction of field tests gradually.This testing system software adopts virtual instrument graphical programming language Lab VIEW to write.Software has adopted top-down modularized program design philosophy, and the user can realize operations such as the demonstration of output, vibration signals, analyzing and processing and signal to pumping signal and access on computers.The user can set the frequency of pumping signal, parameters such as amplitude according to the specific requirement of test.The analytic function of software mainly contains the analysis of test block damping property, signal correlation analysis, signal Power Spectrum Analysis.The general course of work is the output drive signal, and acquired signal is preserved signal, takes out signal, digital filtering, signal analysis.User's guidance panel mainly partly is made up of signal display part and parameter setting, and wherein parameter setting comprises that partly data acquisition parameters is set and data analysis parameter setting and result show.
Nonlinear vibration reduction device dynamic property TT﹠C system mainly is made up of computing machine and peripheral input and output passage.Input channel is accepted and is gathered various signals and the information of sending here from various sensors and relevant link, analysis through computing machine, judge, calculate and handle, send various control signals and order by output channel then, to finish predetermined TT﹠C task, comprise driving to various TT﹠C system hardware, diagnosis and measured data handled later numeral, icon, image, the form of figure and file shows, record and printing, controlled process or subjects are controlled with certain rule or control algolithm, and above-mentioned these tasks need to drive, diagnosis and process software and algorithm software are finished.These softwares are the TT﹠C system software that moves on computers.
Describe hardware components below in detail:
A, main observing and controlling machine are the IBM-PC microcomputer, by data collecting card experimental system are carried out observing and controlling, and system adopts position feedback control, so displacement signal is converted into by suitable processing and adjusts instruction and send to servo controller.Experimental provision main body action command is sent by microcomputer, and the D/A interface by data collecting card enters control amplifier to carry out signal and amplify and regulate; Output current signal, make the experimental provision main body along the direction and the displacement movement that require, drive the vibration damper motion simultaneously, and displacement transducer and speed pickup Displacement Measurement and the speed by being connected with the experimental provision main body respectively, adjust force sensor measuring damping force fixing on the screw rod by main frame, detection obtains displacement signal, and rate signal and damping force signal enter three road A/D interfaces of data collecting card respectively by suitable conditioning; The vibration-damper characterist curve that computing machine obtains requiring by data processing.
B, displacement transducer are mainly used to measure the displacement size and the direction of piston cylinder.Select WYW-20D type differential transformer displace for use.
Table 1 displacement transducer major parameter is:
| Parameter type | Range | The linearity | Dynamic frequency | Sensitivity | DC voltage |
| Numerical value | ?0～±20mm | 0.3％ | 0□200HZ | 20mV/mm | 10V |
C, speed pickup
Speed pickup is mainly used to measure the velocity magnitude and the direction of piston cylinder.Select SD-100 molded lines speed pickup for use.
Table 2 speed pickup major parameter is:
| Parameter type | Range | Loaded impedance | Sensitivity | Linear precision |
| Numerical value | ?0～4m/s | 100KΩ | 1000mV/(m/s) | 1％ |
D, pressure transducer
Pressure transducer is mainly used to measure the damping force of vibration damper.Select Y-YD-7044 type piezoelectric pressure indicator for use.
Table 3 pressure transducer major parameter is:
| Parameter type | Range ability | Sensitivity | Natural frequency | Rise time | Shock resistance | Signal output |
| Numerical value | 100MPa | 20pC/MP | ＞40KHz | ＜10μs | ?＜2000g | L5 |
The selection of E, data collecting card and major parameter
Adopting the PCI-6251 data collecting card of NI company, is a high speed M series multifunctional DAQ integrated circuit board, also can keep high precision under high sampling rate.Bus type is a pci bus; The measurement type is a voltage, orthogonal encoder; Support LabView.16,250kS/s, 16 tunnel analog inputs, 2 tunnel 16 simulation outputs (833kS/s); Up to 24 way word I/O; 32 digit counters; Numeral triggers, and the NI-DAQmx service of measuring makes configuration and measures simpler.
Table 4 analog input output detail parameters:
F, sample mode: circulating sampling, synchronized sampling and three kinds of modes of interval scan are selected.
When interchannel time relationship is very important, just need use synchronous sampling mode.Support each passage of data collecting card of this mode to use independently amplifier and S/H circuit, respectively different passages is inserted A/D through a multi-way switch and change.Fig. 2 is the circulating sampling synoptic diagram.Fig. 3 provides the synoptic diagram of two passage synchronized samplings.Fig. 4 is the interval scan synoptic diagram.Also have a kind of data collecting card, each passage respectively has an independently A/D, and the net synchronization capability of this data collecting card is better.But cost is obviously higher.
Describe software section below in detail:
Virtual instrument programming language LabVivew software is adopted in the TT﹠C system software development.LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual instrument Engineering) is a kind of patterned programming language, and it is accepted by industry member, academia and research laboratory widely, is considered as the data acquisition and the instrument Control Software of a standard.LabVIEW is integrated and the repertoire that satisfies GPIB, VXI, RS-232 and RS-485 protocol with hardware and data collecting card communication.It is also built-in is convenient to use the built-in function of software standards such as TCP/IP, ActiveX.This is a powerful and software flexibly.Patterned program language is called " G " language again.LabVIEW is an instrument towards the final user.Utilize LabVIEW, can produce the executable file of independent operating, it is 32 real compilers.As many important software, LabVIEW provides the multiple version of Windows, UNIX, Linux, Macintosh.The software configuration frame diagram as shown in Figure 5.
(a) software design general plan: native system comes displacement with the multi-functional DAQ integrated circuit board of PCI-6251, speed, and damping force three tunnel simulating signals are carried out data acquisition, and from exporting the displacement pumping signal by integrated circuit board.
(b) data acquisition module function: the collection of analog quantity and the collection of switching value.Making in test platform is a plurality of oscillographs, with real-time the showing of signal.After data were read in the passage, data are timely, and complete preservation was got off, and guaranteed that data can not lose.It is the pumping signal of vibrator that the pumping signal output module can send a sine wave signal, and makes its frequency be incremented to 60HZ (or higher) with certain step-length from 0.This pumping signal outputs to power amplifier and is sent to servo-valve again, by the power source generation vibration of driving host system.
(c) data analysis module can be realized: by the reading of data saving file, data waveform is shown; Carry out bandpass filtering to gathering the signal that comes, eliminate undesired signal, therefrom isolate Useful Information; With signal analysis function among the LabVIEW, the data in the saving file are carried out signal analysis comprise power spectrum, autocorrelation function, cross-correlation analysis, to obtain signal frequency-domain and time domain specification.Analytical test spare show the merit characteristic.The damping characteristic of analytical test spare.
(d) main interface module characteristics and function: finish the design of Virtual Instrument, attractive in appearance, generous, practical, and designing user menu and use panel knob, the user can be convenient to use handle instrument work.Corresponding form vi is arranged among the LabView, and the form of generation can be stored on the hard disk or data are directly deposited in the board with the html form.Data are printed and also are divided into the printing of form and the printing of data waveform.The printing of form can directly be got in board.The printing of waveform mainly is that the waveform of data readback is printed.
Specifically the course of work is as shown in Figure 6:
(a) at first carry out the initialization of correlation parameter after the program run, comprise the initial setting up of data collecting card, the amplitude of pumping signal, phase place, the setting of frequency initial value, the filter range setting of wave filter, the control mode of frequency, the state of tab is selected, the original state of switching value etc.It is that correct orderly operation is prepared to the back program that correlation parameter carries out initial setting.After waiting for that the beginning subroutine is program run, whether program loop inquiry condition of work satisfies, in case satisfy end loop, carries out work according to the working method of appointment.If select the working method of data analysis, what then program will be checked comprises: whether the correlation parameter of Study document path and analysis is correct; If select the working method of data acquisition, what then program will be checked comprises: whether the correlation parameter of file storing path and collection is correct.
(b) design of data acquisition module: the buffering here refers to a zone (be not on the data collecting card FIFO buffering) of PC memory, and it is used for interim store data.Mixing deviation (alias frequency) for fear of aliasing (alias) and appearance is gathered (A/D) before at signal, through a low-pass filter, will be higher than the signal content elimination of nyquist frequency in the signal.Being used to trigger specific device or instrument, here, is exactly data collecting card.Software trigger can directly be used software, for example uses boolean's panel control deactivation/stop data acquisition.Also can allow Circuit management trigger on the integrated circuit board, control the time of collection event and distributed, very high degree of accuracy is arranged with hardware trigger.
(c) design of data analysis module, list this module read wave file and with four tunnel Signal Separation block diagrams, as shown in Figure 7.Read output signal is also therefrom isolated four road signals promptly from wave file: pumping signal, displacement signal, rate signal, damping force signal.Displacement signal, rate signal, the damping force signal shows through the laggard row of filtering and analyzes.
(d) digital filtering function and design: owing on hardware, adopted interference protection measure such as low-pass filter, weakened high frequency interference significantly, but can't satisfy the requirement of system to signal, so before computing, carry out digital filtering again, Software Anti-interference measure and hardware anti-interference measure are combined, further eliminate the influence of disturbance.Native system adopts the arithmetic mean filter method to carry out bandpass filtering, and higher cutoff frequency and minimum cutoff in the bandpass filtering are set by user oneself.
(e) characteristics of signals analytic function and display part, study respectively and designed: autocorrelation analysis, if periodic component is arranged in the signal, its autocorrelation function is all unattenuated when τ is very big, and has obvious periodic.The random signal autocorrelation function when τ is big slightly that does not contain periodic component just levels off to zero.In native system, use autocorrelation analysis displacement, speed, damping force signal, with the periodic component in the picked up signal.An important application of autocorrelation function is whether to contain periodic component in the check signal.If x (t) is a random signal, when time shift τ is very big, just there has not been inner link between x (t) and the x (t+ τ), irrelevant each other.If, usually contain a large amount of noise in the so resulting vibration signal to certain linear system (for example certain parts, structure or certain lathe) exciting.According to the frequency retention performance of linear system, having only the composition identical with excited frequency just may be the response that causes owing to exciting, and other compositions all are to disturb.Therefore as long as accumulation signal and response signal are carried out cross correlation process, just can obtain the response amplitude and the phase differential that cause by exciting.Like this, just can obtain the object studied under this excited frequency from the exciting point to the width of cloth measurement point, the phase transport property.If the change excited frequency just can obtain the correspondent frequency response function.Mainly analyze displacement excitation signal and acquired signal with cross correlation function in the native system, cross correlation function has important use in engineering, and it is very effective means extracting useful information under noise background.What native system used is that direct FFT converter technique is tried to achieve.This method calculated amount is few, easy and than direct method faster.But this method makes signal concentrate among a small circle power originally, is diffused in the bigger frequency band, promptly so-called leakage power, it make spectrum estimate and true value between error strengthen.For this reason, the way of taking window to handle.Be equivalent to impel frequency domain to restrain sooner in time-domain windowed, its physical meaning is to give smothing filtering to power spectrum, reduces Power leakage.Show that merit characteristic and damping characteristic analysis load-position diagram has reflected the combined action of hydraulic damping, frictional resistance and elastic resistance, elastic force makes load-position diagram produce; Stiction makes the load-position diagram two ends produce sudden change; Damping characteristic shows nonlinear characteristic and lagging characteristics, and particularly the compression travel lagging characteristics is remarkable.
(f) user-interface design: user interface mainly comprises three major parts: waveform display part, data acquisition guidance panel, data analysis guidance panel.Whole structure such as Fig. 8 and shown in Figure 9 of design.
(g) commissioning test of rubber shock absorber TT﹠C system software is in checking: adopted computer virtual TT﹠C system artificial debugging runtime verification. and displacement excitation has been adopted in this commissioning test checking, input end by TT﹠C system is imported as simulating signal, the operation conclusion as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8, obtain satisfied conclusion, verified the test of this rubber vehicle vibration damper dynamic property TT﹠C system and the correctness of Data Management Analysis system
The use of product or mode:
(a) this testing system software has adopted top-down modularized program design philosophy, and the user can realize operations such as the demonstration of output, vibration signals, analyzing and processing and signal to pumping signal and access on computers.The user can set the frequency of pumping signal, parameters such as amplitude according to the specific requirement of test.The analytic function of software mainly contains the performance evaluation of test specimen vibration damper, system stability analysis, signal correlation analysis, signal Power Spectrum Analysis.The general course of work is the output drive signal, and acquired signal is preserved signal, takes out signal, digital filtering, signal analysis.User's guidance panel mainly partly is made up of signal display part and parameter setting, and wherein parameter setting comprises that partly data acquisition parameters is set and data analysis parameter setting and result show.
(b) specifically use step to be: at first to carry out the initialization of correlation parameter after the program run, comprise the initial setting up of data collecting card, the amplitude of pumping signal, phase place, frequency.The setting of initial value, the filter range setting of wave filter, the control mode of frequency, the state of tab is selected, the original state of switching value etc.It is that correct orderly operation is prepared to the back program that correlation parameter carries out initial setting.According to distortion of the operating mode of rubber shock absorber and vibration requirement, design its clamping position and direction, clip test specimen after, begin test.Obtain the wave file of whole dynamic performance parameters, carry out the relevant parameters specificity analysis, obtain the dynamic system performance and the associated data that need.This complete equipment also can as input, be studied its actual dynamic property and relation with the wave file that obtains under the work condition environment outside the laboratory in addition.
Should first playback pumping signal when data analysis and filtering before and after displacement signal, the damping force signal before and after the filtering, the rate signal before and after the playback filtering.Wherein fundamental frequency shows the basic frequency of each road signal; When wanting to show certain signal, certain the signal check box in the signal graph is made hook.Press and adjust the scale that button can be adjusted the figure coordinate axle, so that complete rational display waveform.When carrying out data acquisition, select data acquisition.At first gather relevant parameter setting, the parameter setting of pumping signal, the image data storing path, the signal parameter that needs to gather is set.Gather switch and be and be used for the control data collection and begin and finish.The mode of control exciting signal frequency has manually with automatic.Wherein the automatic control mode medium frequency is to change automatically according to fixing Changing Pattern, and stops automatically gathering.In manually controlling, can also set the time of collection.The data analysis operation is selected data analysis in the option in working order.Need to select file to be analyzed before analyzing.The parameter that is provided with mainly contains the cutoff frequency of wave filter.Analyzing switch can begin and the switch that finishes in control analysis.The time that can display analysis have carried out analysis time.The right is the correlation analysis of signal, power spectrumanalysis, damping property analysis.The result who analyzes shows with the form of figure.The frequency of data acquisition form essential record pumping signal and acquired signal, amplitude, the information of first phase and situation over time thereof.The start time that also comprises collection, concluding time, duration, frequency control system etc.In the guidance panel of computing machine, directly the click data form can show the form content, also can print data sheet.
The purposes of this product:
This complete equipment can be tested a plurality of dynamic performance parameters, and can carry out complicated reprocessing analysis. The controllability of kinematic parameter is good, and such as the Dynamic performance examination of frequency at the above rubber shock absorber of 10Hz, the test under random disturbing energize cooperates from different power and system of subject, also extendible endurancing etc., and namely the expandability of system is good. These parameters of measuring can provide reliable foundation for the performance study of rubber glue shock absorber and Vehicle Dynamics Analysis thereof and design. Be used for dynamic performance testing and the analysis of vehicle rubber vibration absorber, for Vehicular system Vibration Absorption Designing and the production of guiding vehicle rubber shock absorber provide the dynamic design reference.
The project that this software can be tested and show has fundamental frequency, the filtering front signal, signal after the filtering, damping force-time relationship, loading velocity-time relationship, the rubber shock absorber indicator card, damping characteristic figure, power spectrumanalysis, correlation analysis, the frequency of data acquisition form essential record pumping signal and collection signal, amplitude, the information of first phase and situation over time thereof. The time started that also comprises collection, concluding time, duration, the information such as frequency control system. Can also further improve on the basis of this control system and develop the more closed-loop control system of multi-parameter, by balanced iterative processing, online report to the police etc. realized online high accuracy control.
The advantage of this product is:
(a) detailed master-plan, the design selection of each hardware measuring and controlling equipment finished of the exploitation of this TT﹠C system;
(b) carry out the parameter initialization program, waited for start program, relevant parameter initialize routine, data acquisition general procedure, the flow scheme design of data analysis general procedure;
(c) carried out the parameter initialization program, waited for start program, relevant parameter initialize routine, data acquisition general procedure, the block diagram design of data analysis general procedure;
(d) utilize the computer simulation emulation design, verified that this virtual measuring and controling system operation is feasible;
(e) designed the observing and controlling guidance panel of software TT﹠C system.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103016464A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2013-04-03 | 西南交通大学 | Loading speed control device of hydraulic testing machine and control method |
| CN103389210A (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2013-11-13 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Elastomer vibration reducing performance detecting method |
| CN104535284A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-04-22 | 广西科技大学 | Parallel dynamic stiffness experiment table |
| US11422067B2 (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2022-08-23 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method and system for quantifying dynamic response characteristics of a real-time damper |
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2010
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103016464A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2013-04-03 | 西南交通大学 | Loading speed control device of hydraulic testing machine and control method |
| CN103016464B (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2015-01-28 | 西南交通大学 | Loading speed control device of hydraulic testing machine and control method |
| CN103389210A (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2013-11-13 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Elastomer vibration reducing performance detecting method |
| CN103389210B (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2016-12-28 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Elastomer damping property detection method |
| CN104535284A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-04-22 | 广西科技大学 | Parallel dynamic stiffness experiment table |
| US11422067B2 (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2022-08-23 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method and system for quantifying dynamic response characteristics of a real-time damper |
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