CN201795493U - Garbage gasifier - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of waste incineration, and particularly relates to a waste gasification furnace, which comprises a tubular casing. A waste feed inlet and a smoke outlet are respectively arranged on the upper portion of the casing, a slag outlet is arranged on the lower portion of the casing, fluidized sand is filled in the lower middle portion of the casing, gas diffusion pipes penetrate into the casing from outside of the casing to be embedded in the fluidized sand, gas inlet ends of the gas diffusion pipes are positioned outside the casing and connected with hot air furnaces, gas diffusion holes are arranged on pipe bodies of the gas diffusion pipes inside the casing, and the hot air furnaces match with the gas diffusion pipes so as to lead the fluidized sand to be in a stationary deposited state or a boiling fluidized state. The waste gasification furnace can easily carry out waste pretreatment, incineration and gasification, prevents stink of the waste from diffusing, reduces work load of slag discharging and conveying after waste incineration and gasification, provides combustible gas sources for other incinerators or cement kilns, and is favorable for subsequent treatment of waste incineration.

Description

Garbage gasifier

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of garbage incineration, in particular to a garbage gasifier.

Background technique

Judging from the application of the existing waste incineration technology in my country, there are mainly the following problems: the main component of domestic waste in my country is unsorted kitchen waste, and at the same time, due to the serious stench of kitchen waste, it is difficult to sort it again The selection is more difficult; and the seasonal variation of the calorific value of the garbage is larger and the moisture content of the garbage is higher.

Because domestic waste is mainly kitchen waste, and plastic, waste paper and other high calorific value waste is less, the calorific value of domestic waste in our country is low, and it is difficult to adapt to the incinerator with higher working temperature imported from abroad. In order to ensure the incineration The incinerator can work stably and smoothly, so it is necessary to add more fuel to the incinerator, resulting in a waste of fuel; and although there are many types of incinerators developed by our country, and some of them are suitable for incineration of garbage in our country, However, its incineration temperature is relatively low. For example, most incinerators can only reach the incineration temperature of 600-800 ° C. Because the waste in this temperature range will produce a large amount of dioxins and furans, and the gas will not be completely burned. Contains a large amount of organic matter, so the pollution to the atmospheric environment is relatively serious.

At the same time, because of the low calorific value of domestic waste in our country, domestic waste in our country cannot be put into cement kilns for direct incineration, which seriously hinders the recycling of waste.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the utility model is to provide a garbage gasifier, which has a simple structure and is suitable for burning domestic garbage in my country.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions: a garbage gasification furnace, the garbage gasification furnace includes a cylindrical shell, the upper side of the shell is respectively provided with a material input port and a flue gas outlet, and the shell There is a slag outlet on the lower side of the shell, and the middle and lower part of the shell is filled with fluidized sand. The end is connected with the hot blast stove, and the air diffuser pipe is located on the inner side of the shell. There are air diffuser holes on the tube body. The hot blast stove and the air diffuser pipe cooperate to make the fluidized sand be in a static deposition state or a boiling fluidized state.

The technical effect of the utility model lies in: under the condition that domestic waste in our country does not undergo deep sorting and the calorific value is not high, the fluidized sand in the gasification furnace device is used to boil and gasify the waste. The working temperature of existing incinerators is much lower, so the utility model can easily carry out garbage pretreatment, incinerate and gasify garbage, prevent the stench of garbage from spreading, and reduce slag discharge and slag transportation after incineration and gasification of garbage It also provides a combustible gas source for other incinerators or cement kilns, which is beneficial to the subsequent treatment of waste incineration.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the utility model;

Fig. 2 is A-A sectional view of Fig. 1;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the diffuser tubes.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figure 1, a garbage gasifier, the garbage gasifier includes a cylindrical housing 10, the upper side of the housing 10 is divided into a material input port 11 and a flue gas outlet 12, the lower side of the housing 10 A slag outlet 13 is provided, and the middle and lower part of the shell 10 is filled with fluidized sand. The air diffuser 20 penetrates into the inner side of the shell 10 from the outside of the shell 10 and is embedded in the fluidized sand. The air diffuser 20 is located outside the shell. The air inlet end of the air inlet is connected with the hot blast stove, and the diffuser pipe 20 is provided with a diffuser hole on the tube body inside the shell, and the hot blast stove cooperates with the diffuser pipe 20 to make the fluidized sand be in a static deposition state or a boiling fluidized state.

When starting to work, the hot blast stove blows hot air at 500°C into the housing 10 through the air diffuser 20, and the hot air is discharged through the air diffuser holes on the air diffuser 20. The hot air discharged from the air diffuser holes makes the fluidized sand buried on the upper side of the air diffuser 20 From the original static deposition state to boiling fluidized state, the temperature of the fluidized sand rises and fully mixes with the garbage put into the shell from the material input port 11, the garbage is ignited instantly and continues to burn and gasify, and the combustion generated has The flue gas with a higher temperature enters the downstream equipment from the flue gas outlet 12 on the upper side of the shell; Air at normal temperature can be blown into the middle; incombustibles such as iron content, aluminum content and rubble contained in the garbage are discharged from the slag discharge port 13 at the bottom of the housing 10 together with the fluidized sand.

The fluidized sand in the utility model is quartz sand, and the described material input port 11 is also the garbage input port.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the housing 10 is composed of a steel plate 101, a refractory layer 102 and a refractory layer 103 from the outside to the inside, the steel plate 101 acts as a load bearing, and the refractory layer 102 and the refractory layer 103 are used to withstand high temperatures , to keep the high temperature in the gasifier and prevent the casing 10 from being burned. For the fire-insulating material and refractory material selected for the fire-insulating layer 102 and the refractory layer 103, reference may be made to the prior art.

In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the gasifier, the housing 10 is provided with a pressure relief valve at the flue gas outlet 12. , the pressure relief valve will automatically and quickly release the pressure in the furnace to the atmosphere to achieve a decompression effect and protect the gasifier from damage.

As a preferred solution of the present utility model, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the housing 10 is in the shape of a long cylinder, and the housing 10 is divided into upper and lower sections that communicate with each other, and the cross-sectional shape of the lower housing is circular. , the cross-sectional shape of the upper shell is semicircular or bow-shaped, the circular outer surface of the lower shell and the upper shell is located on the same circumferential surface, and the side of the intersection of the lower shell and the upper shell is provided with a convex platform 14, the material input port 11 is set at the boss 14, the flue gas outlet 12 is set on the top of the upper casing, the fluidized sand and the diffuser pipe 20 are all arranged in the lower casing, and the boss 14 The position is higher than the top of the sand layer when the fluidized sand is in the state of boiling fluidization.

The cross-section of the lower shell is also the cross-section perpendicular to the central axis of the lower shell. Since the fluidized sand is in a static deposition state or a boiling fluidized state, the fluidized sand is in a boiling fluidized state. The top of the sand layer is higher than the top of the sand layer when it is in a static deposition state, and the position of the boss 14 is higher than the top of the sand layer when the fluidized sand is in a boiling fluidized state, which can ensure that the fluidized sand and garbage The thorough mixing and the smooth combustion gasification of garbage.

As shown in Figure 2, the material input port 11 is inclined downward toward the central axis of the lower casing. This arrangement enables garbage and sewage in the garbage to fall into the center of the gasifier to prevent the A burning dead zone is formed near the inner wall of the gasifier.

There are many ways to realize that the material inlet 11 is inclined downward, for example, the upper casing and the boss 14 are designed to be connected in a Y shape.

As a preferred solution of the present utility model, as shown in Figure 2, the lower section of the housing is provided with a concave portion 15 that is recessed to the inside of the housing 10 at the lower side of the boss, and the lowest end of the concave portion 15 is higher than the fluidized sand. The topmost part of the sand layer when it is in a state of boiling fluidization.

Further, the cross-section of the recess 15 along the axial direction of the lower casing is in an angle shape, and the angle β is 80-100°.

The setting of the concave part 15 not only makes the garbage outlet of the material input port 11 be set towards the center of the gasifier, but also because the lower slope 151 of the concave part is upward and slopes upward to the shell of the upper section, so the concave part 15 itself also serves to guide the flue gas flow to the upper section The function of the shell is conducive to the smooth discharge of smoke.

Further, the side of the material inlet 11 is provided with a pulverized coal inlet 18, and when the incineration temperature drops due to insufficient combustibles in the garbage entering the housing 10, the pulverized coal is poured into the pulverized coal through the pulverized coal inlet 18 to Help combustion, make the garbage gasifier maintain a stable working condition.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the lower casing is provided with a sand supply port 16 and a garbage and sewage inlet 17, and the sand supply port 16 and the garbage and sewage inlet 17 are arranged on the outer side of the casing opposite to the material input port 11 , and the positions of the sand supply port 16 and the garbage sewage inlet 17 are higher than the top of the sand layer when the fluidized sand is in a boiling fluidized state.

The sand supply port 16 can be used to load quartz sand or replenish quartz sand in time when the amount of sand in the furnace is reduced; the garbage sewage inlet 17 is sprayed with garbage sewage or garbage leachate when the gasifier is working, so that the garbage sewage can be incinerated at high temperature Gasification to achieve comprehensive treatment of garbage. In order to reduce the impact on the garbage that enters the furnace when throwing sand or spraying sewage, the sand supply port 16 and the garbage sewage inlet 17 are arranged on the outer surface of the shell opposite to the material input port 11 .

As shown in Figure 3, two air distribution boxes 30 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the housing 10 along the axis of the lower housing, and the two air distribution boxes 30 are provided with diffuser pipes that protrude from each other and are arranged in a staggered manner. 20. The air diffuser pipe 20 runs through the casing 10 horizontally, and the axes of the air diffuser pipes 20 are parallel to each other and on the same horizontal plane. One end of the air diffuser pipe 20 communicates with the gas distribution box 30, and the other end is closed.

The air diffusion holes on the air diffusion pipe 20 are arranged horizontally on both sides of the air diffusion pipe 20 .

The air diffuser pipe 20 is a round pipe with a lot of air diffuser holes on the two side walls. The air diffuser pipe 20 crosses the housing 10 horizontally, and the two ends of the air diffuser pipe 20 protrude from the outer side of the housing 10. Two gas distribution boxes 30 are respectively installed on the On both sides of the casing 10 , the air diffuser pipes 20 communicating with the two gas distribution boxes 30 are alternately arranged on the same horizontal plane in the gasifier. The high-pressure fan supplies air to the diffuser pipe 20 through the gas distribution box 30, and the wind is sprayed into the fluidized sand from the diffuser hole into the gasification furnace so that the fluidized sand is in a boiling fluidized state. In order to make the fluidized sand in the gasification furnace reach a high temperature state, thermal insulation measures should be implemented on the piping surface of the gas distribution box 30 and the gas distribution pipe 20 located outside the furnace.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1～3, the utility model is described further:

The shell 10 of this gasifier adopts a steel structure. The lower part of the shell 10 is conical, the middle part is cylindrical, and the upper part is semi-cylindrical. Layer 10c. The hollow part 10a includes above the fluidized sand boiling area of the upper shell and the lower shell, and the interior of the hollow part 10a is a cavity, which mainly provides a space for inputting domestic garbage and upward discharge of flue gas; the fluidized layer 10b Located between the diffuser pipe 20 and the fluidized sand boiling area, it mainly provides a space for the fluidized sand to boil and the incineration and gasification of domestic waste; the moving layer 10c is located below the diffuser pipe 20, and the ash after incineration of domestic waste in this area The fluidized sand and fluidized sand gradually move to the slag outlet 13 below under the action of gravity, and are finally discharged through the conveying equipment.

The utility model overcomes the difficulty that low-calorific-value garbage is difficult to incinerate, solves the problems of unsorted domestic garbage and garbage with serious stench in the garbage treatment industry in our country, properly handles slag, fly ash and garbage leachate, and is also suitable for other incinerators. The furnace or cement kiln provides a flammable gas source, and the environmental protection indicators meet the national environmental protection standards.

Claims (10)

1. refuse gasification boiler, it is characterized in that: this refuse gasification boiler comprises the housing (10) of tubular, the upside of housing (10) is arranged with material input port (11) and exhanst gas outlet (12), the downside of housing (10) is provided with slag-drip opening (13), the middle and lower part of housing (10) is filled with fluidisation sand, diffuser (20) penetrates the inboard of housing (10) and is embedded in the fluidisation sand from the outside of housing (10), the inlet end that diffuser (20) is positioned at hull outside links to each other with hot-blast stove, the pipe shaft that diffuser (20) is positioned at the housing inboard is provided with air dispelling hole, and hot-blast stove cooperates with diffuser (20) makes fluidisation sand be in static sedimentation state or boiling fluidized state.

2. refuse gasification boiler according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described housing (10) is long tubular, and housing (10) is divided into the two sections that interconnect, the shape of cross section of following piece housing is circular, the shape of cross section of upper casing is semicircle or arc, the circular outside face of described piece housing down and upper casing is positioned on the same periphery, the side of following piece housing and upper casing intersection is provided with boss (14), described material input port (11) is arranged on boss (14) and locates, exhanst gas outlet (12) is arranged on the top of upper casing, fluidisation sand and diffuser (20) all are arranged on down in the piece housing, and the position of described boss (14) is higher than the top that fluidisation sand is in the layer of sand when seething with excitement fluidized state.

3. refuse gasification boiler according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described housing (10) is from being made up of steel plate (101), refuge floor (102) and flame retardant coating (103) outside to inside.

4. refuse gasification boiler according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described housing (10) locates to be provided with pressure-relief valve at exhanst gas outlet (12).

5. refuse gasification boiler according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described piece housing down is provided with sand feeding hole (16) and garbage leachate import (17), sand feeding hole (16) is arranged on the lateral surface of the housing relative with material input port (11) with garbage leachate import (17), and the position of sand feeding hole (16) and garbage leachate import (17) all is higher than the top that fluidisation sand is in the layer of sand when seething with excitement fluidized state.

6. refuse gasification boiler according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described material input port (11) is skewed axis towards following piece housing downwards, and the side of described material input port (11) is provided with broken coal import (18).

7. refuse gasification boiler according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the both sides of described housing (10) are symmetrically arranged with two air chests (30) along the axis of piece housing down, and two air chests (30) are provided with and stretch out relatively and the diffuser (20) of arrangement interlaced with each other; To running through housing (10), and the axis of diffuser (20) is all parallel to each other and be on the same horizontal plane along level for described diffuser (20), and an end of diffuser (20) is connected with air chest (30), other end sealing.

8. refuse gasification boiler according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the position that described piece housing down is positioned at boss place downside is provided with the recess (15) to housing (10) inner recess, and the least significant end of recess (15) is higher than the top that fluidisation sand is in the layer of sand when seething with excitement fluidized state.

9. refuse gasification boiler according to claim 7 is characterized in that: the air dispelling hole on the described diffuser (20) along level to the both sides that are arranged in diffuser (20).

10. refuse gasification boiler according to claim 8 is characterized in that: described recess (15) along the hypomere housing shaft to the cross section be the angle shape, the angle of angle is 80～100 °.

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