CN201780647U - Remote monitoring alarm system for forest fire protection - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a remote monitoring and alarm system for forest fire prevention, which comprises a power supply, a monitoring system and an alarm device. The power supply is composed of solar panels and rechargeable batteries. The monitoring system is composed of temperature sensors, _CO2 sensors and a main control module. The main control module uses a single-chip microcomputer, and the alarm device uses a short message transceiver module. The solar panels are evenly distributed on the tree tops of the trees in the forest. The monitoring system and alarm device are arranged on the trunks of the trees in the forest _. The input end of sensor, single-chip microcomputer and short message transceiver module is connected to provide electric energy for it, the output end of temperature sensor, _CO2 sensor is connected with another input end of single chip microcomputer, and the output end of single chip microcomputer is connected with short message transceiver module. The system has high security, low price, simple structure and low power supply cost, and is suitable for remote monitoring and alarming in forests.

Description

A remote monitoring and alarm system for forest fire prevention

technical field

The utility model relates to a fire monitoring and alarm system, in particular to a forest fire prevention remote monitoring and alarm system, which belongs to the field of environmental monitoring.

Background technique

Forest fire is one of the most important disasters in global forestry. Among the various factors that destroy forests, forest fire is the most serious. Every year, it will cause heavy loss of forest resources and large-scale environmental pollution in the disaster area and surrounding areas. Since this year, forest fires have occurred frequently in many parts of the country due to drought, which not only severely damaged forest resources, but also caused huge economic losses.

The difficulty of forest fire prevention lies in the problems of large forest area, inconvenient transportation, communication difficulties, and lack of energy supply. At present, artificial lookout, remote video monitoring and satellite remote sensing monitoring are mainly used to monitor forest fires. The method of artificial lookout is relatively backward, it is difficult to detect the fire in time, and often delays the fire fighting time, causing serious consequences. The remote video monitoring system that combines digital video technology and modern communication technology mainly works as follows: install cameras at each monitoring point in the forest area, and send the picture to the monitoring center in real time through a wired or wireless data transmission network. Center staff implement monitoring. Although this type of system avoids the trouble of directly dispatching personnel and can improve the timeliness of fire alarms to a certain extent, the transmission of real-time video requires a huge and expensive communication network guarantee. In addition, the occurrence of fire is relatively rare, so most of the time the system transmits images under safe conditions. However, due to the difficulty of predicting the occurrence of fire, theoretically, the staff must monitor the video transmitted by each monitoring point 24 hours a day, otherwise the fire forecast may still be delayed. Therefore, the work efficiency of this type of early warning system is not high but the manpower and material resources invested are relatively high. Satellite remote sensing is used for monitoring, and fires are discovered by processing remote sensing photos. Due to the long period of high-resolution satellites orbiting the same place on the earth, small-scale forest fires cannot be effectively monitored. The use of these monitoring methods is crucial to strengthening forest resource management, but there are also obvious deficiencies. It is imperative to effectively protect forest resources to use simple and easy methods to complete forest fire prevention monitoring.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the utility model is to provide a forest fire prevention monitoring and alarm system which requires little manpower, low energy cost and constant monitoring.

The technical solution adopted to realize the purpose of this utility model is: the remote monitoring and alarm system for forest fire prevention includes power supply, monitoring system, and alarm device several parts; The system and the alarm device provide energy, and the output terminal _of the solar panel is connected with _the input terminal of the rechargeable battery with a wire; Collect the temperature and CO ₂ smog values in the monitoring area. The main control module uses a single-chip microcomputer to process the collected information and control the sending and receiving information of the alarm device; the temperature sensor, CO ₂ sensor and single-chip microcomputer are powered by rechargeable batteries. Power supply, the output end of the temperature sensor and the output end of the _CO sensor are connected with the input end of the single-chip microcomputer; the alarm device adopts a short message transceiver module, which is used to provide the monitoring center with the temperature and _CO smog value in the monitoring area, and the short message transceiver module Powered by a rechargeable battery, the output of the microcontroller is connected to the input of the short message transceiver module.

The solar panel is preferably a cylindrical CIGS solar panel, which can collect sunlight with the help of a 360°C photovoltaic surface, and convert direct, diffuse and reflected light energy into electrical energy.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

1) The system is simple in structure and easy to use. Its energy source is solar energy, which saves material resources, low cost and long service life.

2) The system notifies the personnel of the fire supervision center through short messages, so that the supervision personnel are not required to pay attention to the fire situation all the time, saving time and manpower.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system module of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the circuit schematic diagram of the forest fire prevention remote monitoring and alarm system of the utility model, and is also the circuit diagram of the utility model embodiment.

Each mark in the figure is: 1. Solar panel, 2. Rechargeable battery, 3. Main control module, 4. Temperature sensor, 5. _CO2 sensor, 6. Short message sending and receiving module.

Detailed ways

The forest fire prevention remote monitoring and alarm system of the present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the embodiments are not limitations of the present utility model.

Example:

See accompanying drawings 1 and 2: the remote fire monitoring and alarm system includes a power supply, a monitoring system and a short message sending and receiving alarm module. The power supply is composed of solar panels and rechargeable batteries. The solar panels use cylindrical CIGS solar panels developed by Solyndra Corporation of the United States. It assembles copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells into cylindrical components. The 360°C photovoltaic surface collects sunlight and converts direct, diffuse and reflected light energy into electricity. Since the sun is not available every day, it is important to absorb sunlight efficiently, the unique shape of the cylindrical CIGS solar panels used can absorb more sunlight, and thus generate more electricity, even in continuous cloudy days The supply of electric energy can also be guaranteed under certain circumstances; the solar panels are evenly installed on the top of the trees at the monitoring point in the forest to facilitate the collection of solar energy, and are connected to the rechargeable battery through wires to charge the rechargeable battery with the collected energy. Single-chip microcomputer, temperature sensor and CO ₂ sensor are integrated into a monitoring system for monitoring the surrounding environment; the single-chip microcomputer adopts the 16-bit single-chip microcomputer MSP430F149 of Texas Instruments, which has the advantages of strong processing capacity, fast operation speed, and low power consumption. The voltage is 1.8V ~ 3.6V, there are many interrupt sources and can be nested arbitrarily, the system is in a power saving state, and it only takes 6us to wake up with an interrupt request, which can well meet the low power consumption requirements of this system, and the CPU runs orthogonally The instruction set is simplified, the number of on-chip registers is large, and the memory can realize various operations. The two serial communication interfaces can meet the requirements of digital signal acquisition and transmission of the system. The temperature sensor adopts the digital temperature sensor 18B20 of Dallas Semiconductor Company of the United States. It is the first temperature sensor in the world that supports the "one-line bus" interface. It integrates all the sensing elements and conversion circuits in an integrated circuit shaped like a triode. Inside, the voltage is in the range of 3.0-5.5V. In the parasitic power supply mode, it can be powered by the data line. When connecting with the microprocessor, only one port line is needed to realize the two-way communication between the microprocessor and 18B20. The measurement results are directly output digital. The temperature signal has the advantages of smaller size, higher precision, wider applicable voltage, one-line bus, and networking, etc. It has achieved good temperature measurement results in practical applications, and its temperature measurement range is -55°-125° , which can meet the temperature to be measured in the forest when a forest fire occurs. Since the components of the smoke produced by forest burning are mainly CO ₂ and water vapor, these two substances account for 90% to 95% of all smoke, so the CO ₂ sensor is selected to detect the fire; the CO ₂ sensor of this system adopts FIGARO company The CO ₂ sensor model is TGS4160. The CO ₂ sensor has the characteristics of small size, long life, good selectivity and stability, and has the characteristics of high humidity resistance and low temperature resistance. It is a hybrid type with a thermistor Carbon dioxide sensitive element, the function of the internal thermistor is to detect the ambient temperature through the resistance, so as to perform temperature compensation on the sensor, so that the corrected measurement value is more accurate, and the CO ₂ sensor has an A/D converter inside, which can The digital signal is collected directly. Since the selected single-chip microcomputer MSP430F149, temperature sensor 18B20 and CO ₂ sensor TGS4160 all have the characteristics of low power consumption, the input terminals of the single-chip microcomputer, temperature sensor, CO ₂ sensor and short message transceiver module can be connected to the rechargeable battery, and the battery can be charged A battery is used to power these four devices. The integrated monitoring system can be evenly tied to the trunks of the trees in the forest, using wires to connect the solar panels on the top of the tree with the rechargeable battery in the monitoring system, the output of the rechargeable battery is connected to the input of the microcontroller, the temperature sensor 18B20 Pin 1, pin 1 of the CO ₂ sensor TGS4160 and the input terminal of the SMS transceiver module are used to supply power to it. The pin 2 of the temperature sensor 18B20 and the pin 2 of the CO ₂ sensor TGS4160 are connected to another input port of the microcontroller. The temperature sensor and _CO2 sensor monitor the site environment and collect the data information of the current location. The single-chip microcomputer processes the collected data information, judges whether to send fire alarm information according to the fire history data in the memory, and controls the SMS transceiver module to send information, the system takes into account the impact of natural factors such as high temperature or heavy fog on system discrimination, so it can control the system to issue correct disaster forecasts according to the temperature range when historical fire disasters occur; heavy fog is caused by a large number of The aerosol system composed of tiny water droplets or ice crystals, and the main components of the smoke produced by forest burning are CO ₂ and water vapor, these two substances account for 90% to 95% of all smoke, so it is possible to use CO ₂ sensors to detect fires Misjudgment by the foggy weather sensor is avoided, thereby improving the accuracy of system discrimination. The short message transceiver module that undertakes the alarm task uses the TC35i wireless transceiver module of Siemens, and the output end of the single-chip microcomputer is connected with the input end of the short message transceiver module. Other terminal systems, so as to ensure that forest fires can be controlled in time.

Claims (2)

1. forest fire protection remote monitoring warning system, it is characterized in that: native system comprises power supply, monitoring system, several parts of warning device; Described power supply is made up of solar panel and rechargeable battery, is used to gather sun power, and provides the energy to monitoring system, warning device, is connected with lead between the output terminal of solar panel and the input end of rechargeable battery; Described monitoring system is by temperature sensor, CO ₂Sensor and main control module are formed, temperature sensor and CO ₂Sensor is used for temperature and the CO in the acquisition monitoring zone ₂Smog numerical value, main control module adopts single-chip microcomputer, is used for the information that is collected is handled, and receiving and sending messages of warning device controlled; Temperature sensor, CO ₂Sensor and single-chip microcomputer be by rechargeable battery powered, the output terminal of temperature sensor and CO ₂The output terminal of sensor is connected with the input end of single-chip microcomputer; Described warning device adopts short message transceiving module, is used for providing to Surveillance center the temperature and the CO of place guarded region ₂Smog numerical value, short message transceiving module are by rechargeable battery powered, and the output terminal of single-chip microcomputer is connected with the input end of short message transceiving module.

2. a kind of forest fire protection remote monitoring warning system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: solar panel adopts cylindric CIGS solar panel.

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