CN201692099U - 一种腰椎棘突间“h”形同种异体植骨融合器 - Google Patents
一种腰椎棘突间“h”形同种异体植骨融合器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型涉及医疗器械技术领域,是一种用于腰椎棘突间撑开融合的腰椎棘突间“H”形同种异体植骨融合器。其呈“H”形,由左右两侧的两翼(1)和横于两翼中间的支撑体(2)组成。本实用新型结构简单,成本低廉,使用方便,损伤小,不需要切除棘上韧带或牺牲棘间韧带,置入简便,能有效用于治疗腰椎间盘突出、退行性椎管狭窄或椎间关节突关节病并预防相邻节段退变,既保持了非融合技术的特点,又避免了目前应用的棘突间内固定撑开装置的缺点。
Description
技术领域
本实用新型涉及医疗器械技术领域,是一种用于腰椎棘突间撑开融合的腰椎棘突间“H”形同种异体植骨融合器。
背景技术
腰椎间盘突出症是骨科的常见病和多发病,也是临床上腰腿痛最常见的原因之一。腰椎间盘突出症主要是由于椎间盘变性,纤维环破裂以及髓核组织突出,压迫和刺激神经根、马尾神经所引起的一系列临床症状和体征,轻者可引起患者一侧肢体放射性疼痛、麻木以及肌力改变,重者可导致患者不可逆性的肢体运动、感觉障碍,甚至引起大小便和性功能障碍,严重影响着患者的生活质量和生存寿命。自1934年美国哈佛大学医学院的Mixter和Barr首次用手术证实并治愈腰椎间盘突出症以来,腰椎间盘突出症的手术治疗史已达70多年,后路椎间盘突出摘除术,是治疗腰椎间盘突出症的经典手术方式,包括全椎板、半椎板及椎板间开窗减压椎间盘摘除术等方式。但不管是全椎板、大部分椎板切除或开窗减压加椎间盘髓核摘除,都可使腰椎后部结构受到破坏,影响脊柱生物力学稳定性,从而导致腰椎退行性变、腰椎滑脱等并发症。因此许多学者在椎板减压髓核摘除基础上结合腰椎后路融合技术,这虽然在一定程度上改善了椎板切除后脊柱后路稳定性,但融合后一方面会限制腰部活动,改变脊柱动力学,另一方面会增加邻近节段的腰椎退变,从而导致继发性椎管狭窄、关节突关节退变、获得性腰椎滑脱、不稳等一系列并发症。因此探索一种更符合生理需要的手术方法即非融合技术来治疗腰椎间盘突出症,防止因椎板减压髓核摘除导致的继发性腰椎退变,正逐渐为临床医生和研究人员所重视。目前临床上较为常用的后路腰椎棘突间内固定器非融合系统,主要包括静态系统和动态系统两类。
所谓静态系统即“静态间隔物”,其设计理念是在棘突间持续维持一定程度的撑开力,撑开程度随着腰椎的屈伸活动不断变化,在腰椎屈曲时适当松开而在腰椎后伸时适当收紧,允许腰椎在其他所有方向的活动。具有代表性的是:Wallis系统,x-stop系统。所谓动态系统即“动态性装置”,其设计理念是以一种预压缩的状态置入棘突间,在腰椎屈曲时进一步伸展(撑开),在棘突间起到弹力缓冲器的作用。具有代表性的是:Coflex系统,DIAM系统。
对于目前临床应用或试验的棘突间金属撑开器,其设计理念都要求棘突间撑开器与上下棘突之间保持一定程度的活动度,这种设计虽然可以增加腰椎的活动度,但由于术后腰椎棘突与内固定器之间应力及金属内置物和宿主骨弹性模量不匹配,特别是对那些老龄骨质疏松的患者,可导致棘突骨折,甚至造成罕见的关节突骨折,致使手术失败,棘突间内固定器需手术取出,最终使非融合改为融合手术。另外由于腰椎棘突间内固定物的植入必须切除或破坏腰椎后方韧带复合体一个或更多部分,所有系统都必须牺牲棘间韧带,而在Coflex和Wallis系统需要切除棘上韧带。而这些韧带的破坏将对脊柱的生物力学产生影响,也是引起术后腰椎退变的可能因素,使非融合技术失败。尽管棘突间撑开器应用于临床的时间不是很长,但可预见,随着植入器在体内的时间越长,非融合的棘突间撑开器与棘突的磨损会逐渐加重,最终可能造成棘突间假关节形成,造成术后晚期的腰痛症状。
发明内容
本实用新型的目的是提供一种损伤小,不需要切除棘上韧带或牺牲棘间韧带,置入简便,能有效用于治疗腰椎间盘突出、退行性椎管狭窄或椎间关节突关节病并预防相邻节段退变的腰椎棘突间“H”形同种异体植骨融合器。
本实用新型用双层皮质的同种异体髂骨材料制成,呈“H”形,由左右两侧的两翼和横于两翼中间的支撑体组成。其制备方法是将经过预处理的同种异体髂骨材料按所需大小切割成“H”形植骨融合器即可。
本“H”形植骨融合器的左右两翼用于夹持上下腰椎棘突的两侧,两翼的外侧为双层皮质,致密而牢固;支撑体用于支撑和稳定上下棘突;在左右两翼内侧和支撑体的切割面上布满了孔隙,有利于本融合器植入后与上、下棘突骨面之间的骨性融合。植入时,只需将中间的支撑体置于棘突间将上、下棘突撑开,将“H”型的上下两翼与上、下棘突紧密嵌合固定即可。
本实用新型的优点在于:1)腰椎棘突间放置的“H”形植骨融合器可对棘突间施加并维持一定的撑开力,从而达到卸载小关节突关节负荷及降低椎间盘应力的目的,能恢复后柱高度和撑开椎间孔,使黄韧带张开,减少其对椎管的侵袭;2)上下棘突与“H”形植骨融合器之间的骨性融合,可避免因棘突间长期活动以及内置物和宿主骨模量不匹配而致棘突磨损或骨折;3)本实用新型仍保持了腰椎间及关节突关节之间的活动,避免腰椎邻近节段的退变;4)两翼夹持于上下腰椎棘突的两侧,支撑体镶嵌于上下棘突之间,不容易滑脱,有利于支撑的稳定。
本实用新型结构简单,成本低廉,使用方便,损伤小,既保持了非融合技术的特点,又避免了目前应用的棘突间内固定撑开装置的缺点。
附图说明
图1为本实用新型的整体结构示意图。
具体实施方式
现结合附图和实施例,对本实用新型作详细描述
本实用新型呈“H”形,由左右两侧的两翼1和横于两翼中间的支撑体2组成。其制备方法是将经过预处理的同种异体髂骨材料按所需大小切割成“H”形植骨融合器即可。
两翼用于夹持上下腰椎棘突的两侧,支撑体镶嵌于上下棘突之间,用于支撑和稳定上下棘突。
实施例1.制备一种棘突间“H”形植骨融合器
取同种异体髂骨一块,用切割器将其切割成“H”形,其中,两翼1长4mm,宽30mm,厚10mm;支撑体2长8mm,宽6mm,厚10mm。
本实用新型可按需制成不同的规格型号。
Claims (2)
1.一种腰椎棘突间“H”形同种异体植骨融合器,其特征在于呈“H”形,由左右两侧的两翼(1)和横于两翼中间的支撑体(2)组成。
2.按权利要求1所述的腰椎棘突间“H”形同种异体植骨融合器,其特征在于两翼(1)长4mm,宽30mm,厚10mm;支撑体(2)长8mm,宽6mm,厚10mm。
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN104768484A (zh) * | 2012-10-19 | 2015-07-08 | 海啸公司 | 椎骨融合装置和系统 |
CN107550608A (zh) * | 2017-08-21 | 2018-01-09 | 刘铁龙 | 腰椎后路撑开小关节融合系统、医疗器械的制作方法及融合体 |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN104768484A (zh) * | 2012-10-19 | 2015-07-08 | 海啸公司 | 椎骨融合装置和系统 |
CN107550608A (zh) * | 2017-08-21 | 2018-01-09 | 刘铁龙 | 腰椎后路撑开小关节融合系统、医疗器械的制作方法及融合体 |
CN107550608B (zh) * | 2017-08-21 | 2019-05-10 | 刘铁龙 | 腰椎后路撑开小关节融合系统、医疗器械的制作方法及融合体 |
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