CN201401958Y - Vacuum collector tube combined solar water heater - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a vacuum heat collecting tube combined solar water heater, which comprises a plurality of solar heating units connected by a multi-unit combined water passing device, wherein at least one solar heating unit is provided with an auxiliary electric heating tube, the auxiliary The electric heating pipe is arranged in the water inlet inner pipe of the combined water supply device, and there is a water passage space between the auxiliary electric heating pipe and the inner wall of the water inlet inner pipe. By setting the auxiliary electric heating tube in the vacuum heat collecting tube and the supporting water system structure, it can not only increase the water temperature with electric heating on the basis of solar heating, but also make up for the lack of sunlight in areas with weak sunshine. Insufficient efficiency is not high, can reduce electric energy consumption again, can also prevent glass vacuum heat collecting tube from breaking.

Description

Vacuum collector tube combined solar water heater

technical field

The utility model relates to the field of solar water heaters, in particular to a vacuum heat collecting tube combined solar water heater.

Background technique

The current vacuum heat-collecting tube-connected solar water heater is widely used in areas with a long annual strong sunlight cycle, and the temperature of its hot water can meet the requirements of users for using hot water. However, in areas with relatively more cloudy and rainy weather, the temperature of hot water is not easy to meet the requirements of users, so it is not easy to popularize the vacuum heat collector tube solar water heater in areas with relatively weak sunshine and relatively more rainy weather. . Publication No. CN201028820Y's technical proposal of "Integrated Heat Collection and Storage Integrated Vacuum Tube Integrated Solar Water Heater" discloses a vacuum tube integrated solar water heater with an added electric auxiliary heater. An electric auxiliary heating water tank is added as an electric heating bypass, which is connected between the inlet and outlet ends of the vacuum heat collecting tube combined solar water heater. Heating, and converging with the water heated by solar energy at the water outlet end of the vacuum heat collecting tube combined solar water heater, providing hot water for users to meet the needs of users. Although the vacuum tube combined solar water heater with this structure can solve the problem of using solar water heaters in areas with relatively weak sunshine and rainy weather to a certain extent, the electric auxiliary heating water tank used as the electric heating bypass is Cold water is used for heating, the heating time is long, the power consumption is large, and the user is not economical; and because the water tank is used for electric auxiliary heating, the volume of the entire solar water heater increases, and the production cost also increases; especially the structure relies on tap water pressure. Pushing out the water, the current vacuum heat collecting tubes are all glass tubes, which are easy to break when the tap water pressure is too high. In reality, there are also many records of glass vacuum heat collecting tubes being broken due to excessive water pressure. Therefore, how to make the vacuum heat collecting tube combined solar water heater used in areas with weak sunshine or rainy weather, reduce power consumption, and prevent the glass vacuum heat collecting tube from breaking is a problem that the current solar water heater has not yet solved. .

Contents of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is to address the shortcomings of the existing technology, to provide a vacuum heat collecting tube combined solar water heater, which sets an auxiliary electric heating tube in the vacuum heat collecting tube, and the supporting water system structure, both On the basis of solar heating, it can be supplemented by electric heating to increase the water temperature, make up for the lack of solar water heater thermal efficiency caused by insufficient sunlight in areas with weak sunshine, reduce power consumption, and prevent glass vacuum heat collecting tubes from breaking.

The purpose of this utility model is achieved in this way: it includes a plurality of solar heating units connected by a multi-unit joint water passage device, and the opening end of the glass vacuum heat collecting tube of each solar heating unit is correspondingly connected to one of the joint water passage devices. unit, the inner water inlet pipe of the combined water passage device is inserted into the glass vacuum heat collector tube, and there is a water passage space between the inner water inlet pipe and the glass vacuum heat collector tube, and the water inlet at the head end of the combined water passage device is used for Connect the water inlet pipe, the hot water outlet at the tail end of the united water supply device is used to connect the hot water pipe of the water terminal, at least one solar heating unit is provided with an auxiliary electric heating pipe, and the auxiliary electric heating pipe is set in the united type In the water inlet inner pipe of the water passing device, there is a water passing space between the auxiliary electric heating pipe and the inner wall of the water inlet inner pipe.

Each unit of the combined water passage device includes a water passage main body, a water inlet inner pipe, a sealing plug and a sealing plug bushing for sealing the vacuum heat collection nozzle, and the water passage main body has a stepped hole for water passage The small-diameter section of the stepped hole is radially provided with a water inlet, and the large-diameter section of the stepped hole is radially provided with a water outlet. There is a water passage space between the tube and the inner wall of the large-diameter section. The other end of the water inlet tube is inserted into the glass vacuum heat collection tube. It is set outside the water inlet inner pipe and threaded with the large diameter section of the step hole. The sealing plug used to seal the vacuum heat collection nozzle is installed on the water main body, and there is a gap between the sealing plug bushing and the water inlet inner pipe. water space.

An auxiliary electric heating pipe is arranged in the water inlet inner pipe, and one end of the auxiliary electric heating pipe is threaded and fixed with the small-diameter section of the step hole on the water main body through a connector.

The sealing plug used to seal the mouth of the vacuum heat collecting tube adopts a silica gel sealing plug.

The probe of the temperature sensor is located in the glass vacuum heat collecting tube and fixed on the sealing plug for sealing the vacuum heat collecting tube opening.

The water inlet at the head end of the united water passage device is connected to a water tank outlet for reducing water pressure through a water inlet delivery pipe, and the hot water outlet at the tail end of the united water passage device is connected to a hot water outlet through a tee. The expansion circuit pipeline communicates with the upper end of the water tank used to reduce the water pressure. The float valve installed in the water tank to control the water level is installed on the water supply pipe. position, a high water level sensor is provided in the water tank, and a low water level sensor is provided on the hot water expansion circuit pipeline, and the high water level sensor and the low water level sensor are electrically connected to the relay through a microcomputer controller.

The hot water expansion circuit pipeline between the low water level sensor and the water tank for reducing the water pressure is bifurcated and provided with a recovery water pipe to communicate with the water inlet at the head end of the combined water passage device.

A one-way valve is arranged on the water inlet supply pipe of the water tank for reducing the water pressure.

An exhaust pipe is provided at the hot water outlet at the tail end of the combined water passage device, or the exhaust pipe is inserted into the glass vacuum heat collection tube from the sealing plug used to seal the vacuum heat collection tube opening.

The plurality of solar heating units connected to the multi-unit combined water supply device adopts two sets of symmetrical arrangements, and the tail end hot water outlets of the two sets of multi-unit combined water supply devices are connected in parallel to the water terminal hot water pipes.

Due to the adoption of the above scheme, the vacuum heat collecting tube combined solar water heater has the following advantages:

1. An auxiliary electric heating tube is installed in the vacuum heat collecting tube, so that the auxiliary electric heating is supplemented by heating on the basis of the water temperature heated by the solar energy of the vacuum heat collecting tube, so that solar energy and electric energy can heat the water in the same vacuum heat collecting tube, and the heating temperature rises quickly And the power consumption is small, which greatly improves the heating efficiency.

2. The start and stop of auxiliary electric heating are controlled by microcomputer, which can save electric energy.

3. Each unit of the combined water passage device includes a water passage main body, an inner water inlet pipe, a sealing plug for sealing the vacuum heat collecting nozzle and a sealing plug bushing, which is not only conducive to assembly, but also facilitates the installation of auxiliary electric heating Tube.

4. The sealing plug used to seal the vacuum heat collecting nozzle adopts a silicone sealing plug, and the deep axial compression of the silicone sealing plug is tightened by the sealing plug bushing, and the silicone plug is radially expanded to seal the vacuum heat collecting nozzle by using the elasticity of the silica gel itself. , easy to install and disassemble, and good sealing performance, which solves the problem that the prior art adopts the gasket to seal the vacuum heat collecting nozzle, which is easy to be damaged by the gasket, resulting in the problem of poor sealing.

5. The water tank used to reduce the water pressure is used to deliver low-pressure water to the solar heater, which can prevent the glass vacuum heat collection tube from being broken due to high water pressure; at the same time, the high water level sensor and hot water expansion installed in the water tank used to reduce the water pressure The low water level sensor set on the loop pipeline cooperates with each other to control the work of the auxiliary electric heating tube and prevent dry burning.

6. Especially when the multiple solar heating units connected to the multi-unit concatenated water supply device are arranged symmetrically in two groups, the hot water outlets at the tail ends of the two sets of multi-unit concatenated water supply devices are connected in parallel to the water terminal water pipes, by This causes both sides to enter cold water at the same time, which can double the output of hot water and reduce the internal negative pressure of the vacuum heat collecting tube.

7. On the branch of the hot water expansion circuit pipeline between the low water level sensor and the water tank used to reduce the water pressure, a recovery water pipe is provided to communicate with the water inlet at the head end of the combined water passage device, so that the expanded hot water can Take it back and reheat it for use.

The vacuum heat-collecting tube combined solar water heater of the utility model has high heating efficiency, is economical and practical, especially solves the shortcomings of using solar water heaters in areas with relatively weak annual sunshine and relatively more rainy weather and alpine areas, and is conducive to popularization. The solar water heater can produce boiled water. When solar heating cannot reach the boiled water temperature, the auxiliary electric heating tube is used to heat the water to reach the boiled water temperature. During this process, the power consumption is very little, and the utility model has a very high energy-saving effect.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model;

Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view of the structure of a heating unit of the present invention.

In the accompanying drawings, 1 is the water tank, 2 is the float valve, 3 is the water supply pipe, 4, 4a is the one-way valve, 5 is the leakage protection switch, 6 is the power supply, 7 is the water inlet at the head end, 8 is the bracket, and 9 is the High water level sensor, 10 is the water outlet of the water tank, 11 is the microcomputer controller, 12 is the temperature display, 13 is the temperature regulator, 14 is the water level display, 15 is the exhaust pipe, 16 is the hot water expansion circuit pipe, 17 is the relay, 18 is a low water level sensor, 19 is a hot water pipe, 20 is a solar heating unit, 21 is a joint water device, 22 is a connector, 23 is a water main body, 24 is a water inlet, 25 is a sealing plug bushing, 26 is a sealing plug, 27 is a temperature sensor, 28 is an auxiliary electric heating pipe, 29 is a water inlet inner pipe, 30 is a glass vacuum heat collecting pipe, 31 is a water outlet, and 32 is a recovery water pipe.

Detailed ways

Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, it is an embodiment of the vacuum heat collecting tube combined solar water heater of the present invention. The vacuum heat collecting tube integrated solar water heater includes a plurality of solar heating units 20 connected by a multi-unit integrated water flow device 21, and the opening end of the glass vacuum heat collecting tube 30 of each solar heating unit is correspondingly connected to the combined type water flow One unit of the device, the water inlet inner pipe 29 of the united water passage device 21 is inserted into the glass vacuum heat collecting tube 30, and there is a water passing space between the water inlet inner pipe 29 and the glass vacuum heat collecting pipe 30, and the united water passing through The water inlet 7 at the head end of the device is used to connect the water inlet delivery pipe, and a one-way valve 4a is installed on the water inlet delivery pipe to prevent the backflow of hot water. Tube 19. Each unit of the combined water passage device 21 includes a water passage main body 23, a water inlet inner pipe 29, a sealing plug 26 and a sealing plug bushing 25 for sealing the vacuum heat collecting nozzle, and the water passage main body 23 There is a step hole through which water is passed, the small diameter section of the step hole is radially provided with a water inlet 24, and the large diameter section of the step hole is radially provided with a water outlet 31, and one end of the water inlet inner pipe 29 is located in the large diameter section of the step hole It is threadedly connected with the small-diameter section, and there is a water-passing space between the inner water inlet pipe 29 and the inner wall of the large-diameter section. The other end of the inner water inlet pipe 29 is inserted into the glass vacuum heat collection tube 30, and is used to seal the sealing plug 26 of the vacuum heat collection tube mouth. Tight fit is fixed on the sealing plug bushing 25, and the sealing plug bushing 25 is set outside the water inlet inner pipe 29 and is threaded with the large-diameter section of the step hole, and the sealing plug 26 for sealing the vacuum heat collecting pipe mouth is installed on the On the water main body, there is a space for passing water between the sealing plug bushing 25 and the water inlet inner pipe 29 . The sealing plug 25 used to seal the mouth of the vacuum heat collecting tube adopts a silica gel sealing plug. When the silica gel sealing plug is in a natural state, its diameter is equal to or approximately smaller than the inner diameter of the opening end of the glass vacuum heat collecting tube 30, so that it can be easily inserted into the glass vacuum heat collecting tube 30. In the opening end, when installing the opening of the sealed glass vacuum heat collecting tube 30, insert the silica gel sealing plug into the glass vacuum heat collecting tube 30, so that the silica gel sealing plug and the glass vacuum heat collecting tube can form a certain friction, and turn the glass vacuum heat collecting tube 30 and the sealing plug Bushing 25, so that the sealing plug bushing 25 is further screwed into the large diameter section of the water main body 23, and the flange edge of the sealing plug bushing 25 axially compresses the silicone sealing plug, so that the formation of the silicone sealing plug expands radially, The opening of the glass vacuum heat collecting tube 30 is tightly sealed, and the installation is extremely convenient; when disassembling, turn the glass vacuum heat collecting tube 30 and the sealing plug bushing 25 in reverse, and the silicone sealing plug can be easily taken out from the glass vacuum heat collecting tube 30 , to facilitate maintenance and cleaning of the glass vacuum heat collecting tube 30. The plurality of solar heating units 20 connected to the multi-unit combined water-passing device 21 of the vacuum heat collecting tube combined solar water heater of the present embodiment adopts two groups of symmetrical arrangements, and each group adopts five solar heating units, and two groups of multi-units The hot water outlet at the tail end of the combined water passing device 21 is connected to the hot water pipe 19 in parallel. The vacuum heat collecting tube combined solar water heater has at least one solar heating unit 20 provided with an auxiliary electric heating tube 28 . The auxiliary electric heating pipe 28 is arranged in the water inlet inner pipe 29 of the combined water passing device 21 , and there is a water passage space between the auxiliary electric heating pipe 28 and the inner wall of the water inlet inner pipe 29 . An auxiliary electric heating pipe 28 is arranged in the water inlet inner pipe 29 , and one end of the auxiliary electric heating pipe 28 is threaded and fixed to the small diameter section of the stepped hole on the water main body 23 through the connector 22 . The auxiliary electric heating tube 28 is electrically connected with the microcomputer controller 11 through the relay 17 . In this embodiment, auxiliary electric heaters are respectively provided in the two solar heating units at the bottom of each group. There are four auxiliary electric heaters for auxiliary heating, and the heating efficiency is greatly improved. If the solar water heater of the utility model is used in the alpine region, an auxiliary electric heater can also be set in each solar heating unit, which can improve the heating efficiency and prevent the glass vacuum heat collecting tube from freezing and cracking. Be provided with temperature sensor 27 in the solar heating unit that is positioned at tail end, the probe of described temperature sensor 27 is positioned at glass vacuum heat collecting tube 30 and is fixed on the sealing plug 25 that is used to seal vacuum heat collecting pipe mouth, temperature sensor 27 and microcomputer controller 11 electrical connections. The microcomputer controller 11 is electrically connected to the temperature display 12, the temperature regulator 13, and the water level display 14 respectively, so as to facilitate observation and adjustment of water temperature. The hot water outlet at the tail end of the combined water passing device 21 is connected to the steam exhaust pipe 15, or the steam exhaust pipe 15 is inserted into the glass vacuum heat collection tube 30 from the sealing plug 25 used to seal the vacuum heat collection tube opening. The water inlet 7 at the head end of the combined water passing device 21 is connected to the water tank outlet 10 of a water tank 1 for reducing water pressure through a water inlet delivery pipe, and the hot water outlet at the tail end of the combined water passing device 21 is A hot water expansion circuit pipeline 16 is connected to the upper end of the water tank 1 for reducing water pressure through a three-way connection, and the exhaust pipe 15 is connected to the hot water expansion circuit pipeline 16 . The water tank 1 is provided with a ball float valve 2 for controlling the water level, and the ball float valve 2 is installed on the water supply pipe 3, and the water supply pipe 3 of the water tank 1 is provided with a check valve 4 to prevent water backflow. The water tank 1 is arranged at a position higher than the water inlet and outlet of the combined water passing device 21 . The water tank 1 is provided with a high water level sensor 8, the high water level sensor adopts a normally closed contact reed switch, the high water level sensor 8 is lower than the top of the water tank, and there is a decompression space for air entering between the top of the water tank, and the top of the water tank passes through The pipeline communicates with the steam exhaust pipe and communicates with the atmosphere; or the steam exhaust pipe is connected to the water tank, and the steam in the steam exhaust pipe is used to preheat the water in the water tank. The hot water expansion circuit pipeline 16 is provided with a low water level sensor 18, the low water level sensor adopts a normally open contact reed switch, and the high water level sensor 8 and the low water level sensor 18 can also adopt other Commonly used water level sensor, high water level sensor 8, low water level sensor 18 are electrically connected with relay 17 by microcomputer controller 11. The power supply 6 of the vacuum heat collecting tube united solar water heater circuit system is connected with the system circuit through the leakage protection switch 5 . The hot water expansion circuit pipeline 16 between the low water level sensor 18 and the water tank 1 used to reduce the water pressure is bifurcated and provided with a recovery water pipe 32 to communicate with the water inlet 7 at the head end of the combined water passage device 21 for The hot water in the hot water expansion circuit pipeline 16 is recovered and reflowed into the solar heating unit for heating, which is beneficial to water saving and prevents thermal expansion from breaking the glass vacuum heat collecting tube. The vacuum heat collecting tube joint type solar water heater is fixed on the support 8, and can be installed on a flat roof or a sloped roof. For the sake of safety, a protective cover can also be set outside the vacuum heat collecting tube concatenated solar water heater, and the protective cover can adopt a mesh form, or this adopts a transparent material to make.

The utility model is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and the number of solar heating units can be set according to needs. The plurality of solar heating units connected to the multi-unit combined water passage device adopts two groups of asymmetrical settings, that is, the number of solar heating units of the two groups can be different. Alternatively, a plurality of solar heating units can be used to form a group, that is, cold water enters one side for heating, and hot water flows out from the other side. At the same time, the vacuum collector tube combined solar water heater can be equipped with auxiliary electric heating tubes in one solar heating unit, or in a part of the solar heating units, or in each solar heating unit. Heating pipes, the number of auxiliary electric heating pipes can be set according to the climate characteristics of the environment where it is needed, or according to the purpose of use.

When the utility model works, high-pressure tap water enters the water tank used to reduce the water pressure from the water supply pipe through the one-way valve. When the float valve in the water tank rises to the limit with the water level, the water intake is stopped to prevent the water from overflowing. The water in the water tank flows out from the water outlet, and the float valve is lowered with the water level, and the supplementary water intake is opened. This goes round and round to keep the water in the water tank at a certain height, realizes constant pressure when supplying water to the solar heating unit, and prevents high-pressure tap water from causing glass vacuum heat collecting tubes to rupture. When the high water level sensor in the water tank does not collect water information, it is in a closed state, the relay is energized, and the auxiliary voltage heat pipe is connected, and the electric heating pipe starts heating, otherwise, it stops heating to prevent excessive expansion of hot water; When the low water level sensor collects water information, it is in the closed state, the relay is energized, and the auxiliary voltage heat pipe is connected, and the electric heating pipe starts heating, otherwise, it stops heating to prevent the electric heater from burning dry and damaging the solar heating unit. If the water temperature in the solar heating unit is too high and thermally expands violently, it will rise from the hot water expansion circuit pipe, enter the recovery water pipe and meet the cold water to re-enter the solar heating unit, while the remaining water flows into the water tank from the upper end of the water tank. Because the cold water entering from the water inlet has been preheated before entering the glass vacuum heat collecting tube, it will not form a strong cold and hot contrast, which can prevent the glass vacuum heat collecting tube from breaking due to the strong cold and hot contrast. If all the pipes selected are made of food-grade materials, the boiled water produced can still be used for human consumption, and its energy-saving significance is very obvious.

Claims (10)

1. a vacuum heat collection pipe joins collection formula solar water heater, comprise a plurality of solar energy heating unit that connects by multiple-unit connection collection formula water flowing device, the corresponding unit that connects connection collection formula water flowing device of the glass heat-collecting vacuum tube openend of each solar energy heating unit, pipe inserts in the glass heat-collecting vacuum tube in the water inlet of connection collection formula water flowing device, left the hydrospace between pipe and the glass heat-collecting vacuum tube in the water inlet, the head end water inlet of connection collection formula water flowing device is used for connecting the water inlet carrier pipe, the tail end hot water outlet of connection collection formula water flowing device is used to connect water terminal hot-water line, it is characterized in that: have at least a solar energy heating unit that the auxiliary electrical heating tube is set, described auxiliary electrical heating tube is located in the interior pipe of water inlet of connection collection formula water flowing device, leaves the hydrospace between auxiliary electrical heating tube and the water inlet inner tube wall.

2. vacuum heat collection pipe connection collection formula solar water heater according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: each unit of described collection formula water flowing device includes the water flowing main body, pipe in the water inlet, the sealing-plug and the sealing-plug lining that are used for the sealed vacuum thermal-arrest mouth of pipe, described water flowing main body has the stepped hole of water flowing, the path section of stepped hole radially is provided with water inlet, the big footpath section of stepped hole radially is provided with delivery port, the big footpath section that the interior Guan Yiduan of described water inlet is positioned at stepped hole is threaded with the path section, left the hydrospace between the section inwall of Guan Yuda footpath in the water inlet, the pipe other end inserts in the glass heat-collecting vacuum tube in the water inlet, the sealing-plug that is used for the sealed vacuum thermal-arrest mouth of pipe is fixed on the sealing-plug lining, sealing-plug lining sky is enclosed within the water tube outside and is threaded with the big footpath section of stepped hole, the sealing-plug that will be used for the sealed vacuum thermal-arrest mouth of pipe is installed in the water flowing main body, leaves the hydrospace between the pipe in sealing-plug lining and the water inlet.

3. vacuum heat collection pipe connection collection formula solar water heater according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: in the pipe auxiliary electrical heating tube is set in the described water inlet, one end of auxiliary electrical heating tube is threaded fixingly by the top bar path section in hole of connector and water flowing main body, and the auxiliary electrical heating tube is electrically connected with microcomputer controller by relay.

4. vacuum heat collection pipe connection collection formula solar water heater according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the described sealing-plug that is used for the sealed vacuum thermal-arrest mouth of pipe adopts the silica gel sealing plug.

5. vacuum heat collection pipe connection collection formula solar water heater according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described silica gel sealing is provided with temperature sensor beyond the Great Wall, and temperature sensor is electrically connected with microcomputer controller.

6. vacuum heat collection pipe connection collection formula solar water heater according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the head end water inlet of described collection formula water flowing device is connected by the water outlet of water tank that water inlet carrier pipe and is used to reduce hydraulic pressure, the tail end hot water outlet of connection collection formula water flowing device is communicated with on connecting a hot water expansion circuit pipeline and the water tank that is used to reduce hydraulic pressure by threeway, the ball-cock assembly that is provided for controlling water level in this water tank is installed in on the water supply pipe, water tank is located at and is higher than advancing of connection collection formula water flowing device, the position of delivery port, be provided with high water level sensor in the water tank, hot water expansion circuit pipeline is provided with low water level sensor, described high water level sensor, low water level sensor is electrically connected with relay by microcomputer controller.

7. vacuum heat collection pipe according to claim 6 connection collection formula solar water heater is characterized in that: fork is provided with return water pipe and is communicated with the head end water inlet that joins collection formula water flowing device on the hot water expansion circuit pipeline between described low water level sensor and the water tank that is used to reduce hydraulic pressure.

8. vacuum heat collection pipe according to claim 6 connection collection formula solar water heater is characterized in that: on the water inlet supply pipe of the described water tank that is used to reduce hydraulic pressure check valve is set.

9. vacuum heat collection pipe connection collection formula solar water heater according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the tail end hot water outlet of described collection formula water flowing device is provided with gland steam exhauster, perhaps gland steam exhauster is inserted glass heat-collecting vacuum tube from the sealing-plug that is used for the sealed vacuum thermal-arrest mouth of pipe.

10. vacuum heat collection pipe connection collection formula solar water heater according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: a plurality of solar energy heating unit that described multiple-unit connection collection formula water flowing device connects adopts two groups of settings, and the tail end hot water outlet of two groups of multiple-unit connection collection formula water flowing devices is parallel to water terminal hot-water line.

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