CN201271257Y - Digital X-ray radiographic scanning device for diagnosis - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to X-ray engineering, and in particular to scanning digital X-ray equipment that can be used as general multifunctional equipment in medical institutions that perform X-ray diagnostics. A diagnostic scanning digital X-ray device comprises an X-ray source, a slit collimator and a linear multi-element X-ray detector arranged in sequence along one optical axis and fixed to a single carriage, which is rotatable about a scanning axis in the plane of the collimator slits and a longitudinal axis of the multi-element detector. The inventive feature of the device is that the bracket is movably attached to one end of a horseshoe-shaped frame, which frame is attached to a platform with the aid of a turning mechanism and a rotating mechanism, wherein the platform is fixed to a vertical stand.

Description

Diagnostic radiographic scanning digital devices

technical field

The utility model relates to X-ray technology, in particular to a scanning digital device which can be used as a general multifunctional device in a medical X-ray system for diagnosis.

Background technique

Multifunctional X-ray systems like RUM-20, TUP-800 and EDR-750 are now widely used. They include three working positions, namely a rotatable support table with an X-ray image magnifier, a table for X-rays with accessories for tomography and a stand for X-rays. Versatile X-ray equipment provides almost all types of X-ray diagnostic examinations. Tomography and special X-ray examinations account for up to 10% of the total examination and are prescribed during the usual surgical procedure. Such multifunctional X-ray devices are very expensive and complicated to operate. They also occupy a large area in medical institutions and should be installed in dedicated X-ray rooms some distance away from nursing rooms in hospitals and trauma centers. In the care units of hospitals and trauma centers, plain radiographs of certain parts of the patient's body are most requested. The most important factor is the time required to examine the received images. Therefore, diagnostic X-ray equipment used in nursing rooms of hospitals and trauma centers must meet certain stringent requirements.

First, the device should effectively provide useful radiographs for showing not only trauma to the body, head and extremities, fragments of bone tissue, but also the internal structure of tissues, including sites of inflammation, tumors, and other conditions .

Second, the images obtained must be as close as possible to ordinary radiographs so that they can be understood by most radiologists.

Third, the device should be small enough to fit in the confined areas of nursing rooms in hospitals and trauma centers.

Scanning X-ray devices are known from the prior art (Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, advertising brochure for the multifunctional X-ray device "Cibir", Annex 1). The device includes an X-ray source, a slit collimator, and a linear X-ray receiver arranged along an optical axis, wherein the X-ray source, collimator, and receiver are rigidly connected to each other using a common bracket, and placed relative to The target between the slit collimator and the linear X-ray receiver moves along a vertical plane.

The main disadvantage of this device is its limitation of use only for patients in an upright position for diagnostic examinations, especially fluorography. From an information value point of view, this is insufficient for other types of patient X-ray examinations, since in some cases horizontal or oblique positions lead to more informative images as described in the positional system (see A.N. Kishkovsky, L.A. Tutin , G.N. Esinovskaya's Atlas of Locations for X-ray Examination; Meditsina Publishers, Leningrad, 1987).

Furthermore, the size of the inspected object obtained with the known device is magnified in the horizontal plane due to the fan-shaped divergence of the X-rays, but not in the vertical plane due to the parallel movement of the slit fan-shaped X-ray beam along the inspected object. As a result, the proportions of the images obtained are substantially distorted, which causes difficulties for doctors to understand the photographs.

Rotatable supports for digital X-ray equipment are known in the prior art (see patent RU2202953, Cl. A61B6/04, 2003). The bracket includes: a base connected to a support frame and its rotation mechanism; a support wall connected to the support frame; a longitudinally movable frame with a linear motion mechanism; a rigidly fixed longitudinally movable frame A cantilever supporting an oscillating U-bar with an angular displacement mechanism, wherein the X-ray source and the X-ray receiver are arranged on opposite arms of the U-bar. The device can provide almost any type or combination of diagnostic x-ray examinations.

The main disadvantage of the known device is that its basic size and weight greatly limit its functional performance as a universal design suitable for examination in wards and for use during surgical procedures.

The closest reference to the claimed utility model (prototype) is a scanning X-ray apparatus comprising all coaxially arranged X-ray sources, collimators and linear multi-element X-ray detectors. These components are mounted on a single carriage which is rotatable about the scan axis in the plane of the collimator slot and the longitudinal axis of the linear multi-element X-ray detector (see PCT Application Publication No. WO 02/17790, Cl. A61b6/03, 2002). This device is commonly used to obtain digital radiographs of a patient's body positioned vertically.

The main disadvantage of the known devices is that they cannot be used as multifunctional diagnostic devices for obtaining complex projections of organs or extremities.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to overcome said disadvantages, in particular to improve the functional performance of the device.

The claimed diagnostic X-ray apparatus comprises an X-ray source, a slit collimator and a linear multi-unit X-ray detector sequentially arranged along a single optical axis and mounted on a single carriage, the carriage being arranged to be Rotation around the scan axis in the plane of the collimator slit and the longitudinal axis of the linear multi-element X-ray detector.

Said technical problem is solved thanks to a bracket movably mounted on a horseshoe-shaped frame, which frame is connected to a platform with the help of a turning mechanism and a swivel mechanism, wherein the platform is fixed to a vertical frame. Such an arrangement provides a certain degree of freedom of the frame, while the bracket makes it possible to take images at different angles relative to the patient's body and obtain the most informative images.

The platform is movably mounted on a vertical frame and is provided with a mechanism for reciprocating movement along its longitudinal axis to adjust the desired irradiation height (examination of the skull, chest cavity, pelvis, etc.). The platform is also provided with a mechanism for rotation about the longitudinal axis of the frame to adjust a comfortable position relative to the patient's body.

In order to select the desired angle of illumination, the rotation mechanism of the horseshoe frame provides rotation about an axis parallel to the scan axis for illumination at an angle relative to the vertical axis of the gantry.

Furthermore, the rotation of the frame is used to position its part with the detectors under the body of the patient lying on the bed. This is especially important when examining critically ill patients on a ward.

In order to select the desired irradiation angle, the rotation mechanism of the horseshoe frame is designed to be rotatable about an axis parallel to the vertical axis of the frame, which makes it possible to take pictures that cannot be taken with X-ray equipment with a horizontal support frame.

The turning mechanism of the horseshoe frame is based on a biaxial cardan drive unit to provide high mobility and the required stiffness.

The turning mechanism of the horseshoe frame has a reversible gear motor for the axis of rotation to control the system during adjustment of the desired angle of illumination.

In order to provide stiffness during the rotation of the double-axis gimbal drive unit, the rotation mechanism is arranged on a U-shaped fork which is rotatable about an axis perpendicular to the vertical frame axis and has a reversible gear motor.

In order for the device to have maximum versatility independent of a particular type of room, it can have a vertical rack with units for mounting on the floor, ceiling or wall.

For diagnosing critically ill patients in wards, the vertical stand of the device can be mounted on a movable base.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the utility model device with the vertical rack installed on the wall;

Figure 2 shows the main components of the turning mechanism of the horseshoe-shaped frame supporting the movable carriage with the X-ray source, the slit collimator and the linear X-ray receiver;

Figures 3 and 4 show variants of mounting the vertical rack to the floor or ceiling.

The equipment protected by the utility model comprises: an X-ray source 1 with a slot collimator 2 forming a fan-shaped X-ray beam 3; an inspection target 4; Linear X-ray receiver 5, carriage 6 rotatable about scanning axis 7; horseshoe-shaped frame 8 with guides in the lower part for moving linear X-ray receiver; turning mechanism 9 with rotation axes 10 and 11; U-shaped fork 12 on a rotating stand 13 attached to a movable platform 14 with an axis of rotation 15; a vertical stand 16 with a longitudinal axis 17; and a diagnostic with an X-ray transparent plate 18 tower.

Detailed ways

The device operates in the following manner. The patient 4 lies on the diagnosis table 18 . The lower base of the frame 8 with the receiver 5 is placed under the lying body and under or above the flat plate 18 of the diagnostic table, the angle of illumination is adjusted according to the arrangement. The X-ray source 1 is then switched on and by rotating the gantry around the scan axis an image can be acquired. During irradiation, the scanning fan beam 3 and receiver 5 are moved synchronously along the patient's body, and the receiver 5 converts the X-rays passing through the target into digital signals that are sent to a computer (not shown in the figure) to restore the image. If additional information is required, the illumination angle can be changed rapidly, for example by tilting the frame 8 about the axis 10, or rotating the frame 8 about the axis 11, or rotating the frame 8 about the axis 14, etc.

Industrial Applicability

Test samples of the claimed device have been manufactured. The device is designed as a single unit with an examination area of 520mm and a focal length of 1100mm. Targets can be scanned at a rate of 2 seconds per frame, and the resulting images can be up to 410 x 410mm in size. The radiation dose of X-rays received by the patient is about 10 μeV. The weight of the test sample used in the ward is not more than 120kg, and a single medical staff can use the lifting cabin to transport the sample.

The test sample has the following technical parameters:

The X-ray source was prepared based on a conventional X-ray tube 2.5-50BD21-150 manufactured in Russia, which emits X-rays with energies in the range of 30-150 keV and anodic currents up to 100 mA. The power supply of the radiation source comes from a 220V single-phase power supply.

The collimator is a double-slit collimator with parallel slits to allow a beam width of approximately 1 mm in the plane of the X-ray receiver.

The receiver consists of an 8-line matrix with a length of 410mm and a width of 0.8mm. Each line consists of 4096 elements sensitive to X-ray photons with energies between 10-300keV. The distance between element centers was 100 μm. When the dynamic range is 1:400, the contrast sensitivity of the receiver is not lower than 1.5%, and the spatial resolution is not lower than 5 line coupling/mm.

Claims (9)

1. A scanning digital X-ray device for diagnosis, comprising an X-ray source, a slit collimator and a linear multi-unit X-ray detector arranged sequentially along an optical axis and fixed to a single bracket, the bracket can be Rotating about the scan axis in the plane of the collimator slit and the longitudinal axis of the multi-element detector, the apparatus is characterized in that the carriage is movably attached to one end of a horseshoe-shaped frame which rotates Attached to the platform with the help of a mechanism and a swivel mechanism, where the platform is fixed to a vertical frame. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the platform is movably attached to the vertical frame and is provided with a mechanism for reciprocating movement along its longitudinal axis and/or for rotating mechanism. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rotation mechanism of the horseshoe frame is rotatable about an axis parallel to the scanning axis. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rotating mechanism of the horseshoe frame is rotatable about an axis parallel to the axis of the vertical frame. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the turning mechanism of the horseshoe frame is made on the basis of a two-axis gimbal drive unit. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the turning mechanism of the horseshoe frame has a reversible gear motor for the axis of rotation. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the turning mechanism of the double-axis gimbal drive unit is arranged on a U-shaped fork movable around an axis perpendicular to the axis of the vertical frame and has a gear motor. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the vertical rack has units for floor, ceiling or wall mounting. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the vertical frame is mounted on a movable base.

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