CN1996786A - Novel wireless communication networking method based on the relay technology - Google Patents
Novel wireless communication networking method based on the relay technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
基于中继技术的新型无线通信组网方法，通过灵活设置中继站来降低对基站能力要求，扩展其覆盖范围，减少来自邻基站的干扰，同时提供分集增益，使得以OFDM为基础的下一代宽带无线通信系统频率复用因子接近1，从而简化下一代无线通信系统的网络设计，提高系统频谱效率。中继技术具有如下特征：(1)中继节点采用多天线，(2)在基站覆盖受限区域，中继节点完成扩展覆盖范围功能；(3)在信号质量不佳区域，中继节点提供分集增益功能。本方案适合同构组网，也适合异构组网；可用于各种分组数据业务，也支持多媒体广播组播业务。方案中的中继节点可以是固定的，也可以是移动的。中继节点支持同构通信功能，还能支持异构通信功能。
A new wireless communication networking method based on relay technology, by flexibly setting relay stations to reduce the capacity requirements of the base station, expand its coverage, reduce interference from neighboring base stations, and provide diversity gain, making OFDM-based next-generation broadband wireless The frequency reuse factor of the communication system is close to 1, thereby simplifying the network design of the next generation wireless communication system and improving the system spectrum efficiency. The relay technology has the following characteristics: (1) the relay node adopts multiple antennas, (2) in the restricted area covered by the base station, the relay node completes the function of extending coverage; (3) in the area with poor signal quality, the relay node provides Diversity gain function. This solution is suitable for both homogeneous and heterogeneous networking; it can be used for various packet data services and also supports multimedia broadcast and multicast services. The relay nodes in the scheme can be fixed or mobile. Relay nodes support homogeneous communication functions, and can also support heterogeneous communication functions.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless communication field, not only be suitable for traditional cell mobile communication systems, also be fit to various wireless broadband access systems, as WLAN (wireless local area network), wireless MAN etc., also be fit to the heterogeneous wireless connecting system, in the wireless access network in future merges, also have widely and use.The present invention mainly stresses the elaboration to the downlink information processing, but for up link, can adopt similar method to carry out.
Background technology
Traditional cell mobile communication systems adopts honeycomb, but the 4th generation (4G) wireless communication system with superelevation data rate still adopts traditional honeycomb can have a lot of problems, main cause is: the first, and the transmission rate of 4G system is wanted high two ranks than the third generation (3G) system.Under the situation of specified transmission power level, symbol (bit) energy can be linear along with the raising of transmission rate and descend, and therefore, this demand will produce serious power problems.The second, for the frequency spectrum of 4G system granting will be positioned at more than the employed 2GHz frequency range of 3G system undoubtedly.And but the radio propagation of these frequency ranges is under non-sighting distance condition usually, and effect is on duty mutually, but but not the typical mode of operation of the current just city cellular communication of sighting distance condition.
Overcome the above problems, must significantly increase the density of base station, this can cause quite high lower deployment cost, and if number of users does not increase with same speed, this cover solution cost is too high, the economic benefit shortcoming.In addition, cover in order to realize the whole network, the benefit base station that must not stop, this network design to real system also is a challenge.In addition, consider that 4G will for the channeling that makes the next generation wireless communication system reaches 1 as far as possible, improve the spectrum efficiency of system based on the OFDM technology, adopt traditional honeycomb will face a lot of challenges.
Present wireless communication system generally adopts the repeater to come extended coverage range, and along with the development of wireless self-organization network theory, for the ease of convenient and swift networking, and the survivability of enhancing Radio Link etc., the centralized Control Network architecture with multi-hop characteristic has also put forward.Relaying technique will occupy important function in the next generation wireless communication system.
The coverage that adopts relay station to come extended network is to come from the repeater development of legacy cellular mobile communication system.But the relay station of being mentioned among the present invention no longer is traditional repeater notion, but can regard the receiver of an enhancing as, it not only has the function of the data of relaying being carried out power amplifier, can also improve the terminal received signal quality by adopting multi-antenna technology and coding etc.
Specifically, relay station is the enhancing to the repeater, and traditional repeater generally just has the function of amplifying and transmitting to the signal of relaying, and the function that relay station also has decoding and transmits.The amplification of repeater and forwarding (AF) function is meant that to the signal that receives operation such as do not decode directly carry out power amplification at radio-frequency head, in general, this operation is very simple, and equipment is very cheap.And the decoding of the advanced line number word of the decoding of relay station and forwarding (DF), the signal of recompile relaying before transmitting then, this process is sometimes referred to as " regenerative repeating " or " digital junction ".By DF, relay station can with the base station together, carry out RRM and traffic control, and can adopt advanced technology, for example coordinate conflict management and joint transmission.
According to mobility or deployment concept,, relay station can be divided into three kinds of main types: fixed relay station, temporary fixed relay station and mobile-relay station from present relaying technique.Fixed relay station can not move, be installed on a fixed position, main purpose be in obtaining the access point sub-district that fully covers, do not expand the coverage area, increase capacity or every user throughput, perhaps with the zone of coverage extension to the access point coverage.Removable relay station can be defined as, can move to the relay station of another location from a position according to the needs of coverage, be that relay station can be positioned at different positions, and change in time with various relayings and base station and communicate, but do not carry out handoff procedure.And the mobility of mobile-relay station and the user terminal population/target area " relevant " that will cover need to support complicated flow process (as switching), can be regarded as a kind of portable terminal of increased functionality.
At present, the research of relevant relaying technique is less, also mainly is that to rest on traditional repeater conceptive, and purpose is to adopt the repeater to enlarge the coverage of sub-district.Along with the development of multi-hop wireless ad hoc technology, adopt the relay station of multi-hop to come extended coverage range to become the hot issue of everybody concern in the recent period.Realization the whole network covers, and then is the basic demand that wireless communication system is pursued seamless roam and switching.But all technology relevant with relaying also concentrate on the amplification of relay data and transmit at present, relaying technique are not expanded, and more do not make full use of the feature of relaying technique, to network configuration with wish that framework strengthens; How to use the performance of relay station technology raising existing network, particularly to the highstrung wireless access system performance of presence of intercell interference, or blank out.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of novel method for wireless communication networking, come relaying technique is expanded, make it can not only realize replenishing the function that covers, and diversity gain can be provided, reduce presence of intercell interference, improve spectrum efficiency based on relaying technique; Use relaying technique from system group network and network architecture design aspect, improve the overall performance of network, simplify the planning and the design of wireless network, do not require that the base station realizes seamless covering.
When technical scheme of the present invention is described, at first be described below basic principle:
1. the reason that relay station is set is: terminal is generally without multi-antenna technology, in order to obtain MIMO or diversity gain, so relay station adopts MIMO technique (MIMO) or diversity; By adopting relaying technique, the transmitting power of base station can be less, thereby can reduce the interference to adjacent sub-district; Relay station is encoded to the received signal, and the signal quality of terminal can significantly improve; Can obtain from one or more relay stations and from the multilink diversity gain of base station for the terminal that is in base station and relay station coverage; Can obtain service by relay station for the terminal that is not in base station range, and can obtain to come from the multilink diversity gain of a plurality of relay stations by the relaying of a plurality of relay stations.
2. the problem of how to place for relay station: if be used to improve signal quality, be placed on the center of hot zones, mainly be the multi-hop link signal that terminal can receive arrogant base station and relay station this moment, thereby obtain diversity gain; If be used for replenishing coverage, mainly be the interference that reduces from adjacent minizone.Thereby can simplify the network planning and design, make their the spectrum reuse factor reach 1 based on the NGBW communication network of OFDM.
3. in real network, following scene can appear:
(1) terminal can not directly receive the useful signal from the base station, can only receive the signal of single relay station, this moment the signal received because the relaying effect of relay station is arranged, coverage that can extended base station;
(2) if terminal can receive from single relay station and service signal of base station, because these two signals can guarantee synchronously, so can obtain diversity gain;
(3) if terminal can be received the signal from a plurality of relay stations, the signal of different relay stations can directly merge, and obtains diversity gain;
(4) if terminal had both received the information from serving BS, also receive a plurality of signals simultaneously from relay station, because these signals can be synchronous,, obtain diversity gain so can directly adopt physical layer to merge.
5. the using and distribute of relay station and base station resource: adopt the mode of unified control in base station and scheduling, the details that each accesses terminal are known in the base station, know that also it connects the information of relay station, and purpose is to realize synchronously and carries out the unified of resource and dispatch.
Based on above principle, concrete technical scheme of the present invention is: relay station is strengthened, adopt multi-antenna technology at relay station, to obtain many antenna gains; For being in the zone that base station and relay station cover simultaneously, terminal is carried out diversity reception by adopting the diversity treatment technology to the signal from base station and relay station, improves signal quality; For being in the zone that no base station signal covers, terminal is by the signal of reception from one or more relay stations, thus the wireless coverage of extended base station.
This patent scheme has proposed a kind of novel cordless communication network framework based on above innovative point, has effectively reduced presence of intercell interference, makes that the frequency duplex factor as one based on the NGBW communication system of OFDM can reach 1; Provided the wireless treatment mechanism between base station and the relay station, so that diversity gain to be provided; Relay station is encoded to the signal of relaying, has improved the diversity gain of terminal; Provided the wireless signal treatment mechanism of terminal, to support the new network framework.
The specific implementation method of this technical scheme may further comprise the steps:
The first step arranges that the presence of intercell interference that the large-scale base station of several employing multi-antenna modes, base station selected position will guarantee that the terminal in its coverage receives is enough little, does not have the strong jamming of neighbor base station signal in other words;
Second step was provided with relay station and comes the extended wireless coverage, and it is required to make it guarantee to finish covering, and can not receive the useful signal from two adjacent base stations;
In the 3rd step, terminal is according to strongest access signal principle, and access base station or relay station if directly insert relay station, are then reported access information to the base station by relay station;
The 4th step, coordinate between base station and the relay station, guaranteeing that terminal is received can time synchronized from the signal of base station and relay station, if terminal can be received the signal from a plurality of relay stations of same base station service areas, then want simultaneously between these several relay stations to this targeted customer carries out RRM the base station, comprise the time shift to an earlier date, power division and wireless resource scheduling etc.;
In the 5th step, relay station carries out encoding process to relayed information, and in time the processing time is reported to the base station;
In the 6th step, terminal adopts technology raising received signal qualities such as diversity, can receive from a plurality of relay stations or signal of base station, guarantees that the information that receives can be synchronously, the acquisition diversity gain;
In the 7th step, terminal is left the coverage of relay station, and informing base station upgrades resource scheduling information; If terminal is left the service range of base station, then carry out handover operation;
In addition, the scheduling of resource, access control, power control, switching controls, Timing Advance control etc. all come unified management by the base station in the above step.
In addition, the technical scheme among the present invention may comprise following 4 variants:
1. the time shifts to an earlier date technical approach
Same information source need shift to an earlier date a period of time and send to relay station, can receive the signal from base station and relay station synchronously to guarantee terminal, and this scheduling feature to the base station has proposed very high specification requirement.A kind of method of accommodation then is separately from signal of base station or from the signal of relay station on time-domain, the time of both incoming terminals is different, be that both adopt different time slots to send, for example 1 frame is divided into two subframes and sends, first subframe is used for big base station and sends, second subframe is used for relay station and sends, and comes the signal of arrogant base station and relay station just can not disturb like this, and can obtain the diversity gain of MAC layer.
2. relay station can be not limited to single-hop, also can support multi-hop
Terminal can be passed through multistage relay station, last access service base station.This moment, the relay station of multi-hop management was a subject matter for serving BS, and the centralized dispatching mechanism of wireless mesh (Mesh) is adopted in suggestion, carried out resource allocation and time to be provided with in advance, guaranteed that terminal can obtain corresponding diversity gain.
3. base station and relay station, the base station can adopt different wireless technologys to carry out message transmission with this three of terminal, relay station and terminal
As described in the principle part of this programme front, make the three adopt identical Radio Transmission Technology transmission, need the base station to unify centralized dispatching and control, significantly improve system spectral efficiency simultaneously, terminal can well obtain the diversity gain of physical layer.Also can between this three, adopt different transmission technologys, for example:
A. still adopt identical Radio Transmission Technology with terminal communication, but can adopt different Radio Transmission Technologys between base station and the relay station, wired mode that adopts is set, but the crucial terminal that still need guarantee can be received relevant information synchronously.
B. terminal adopts multimode mechanism, is different from the base station with information from relay station, and can merge this moment in the MAC layer information of carrying out.
4. do not shift to an earlier date, terminal is transformed, to obtain diversity gain in the network layer employing time
In order to simplify the function of base station, the base station misaligns the station of continuing and carries out special scheduling of resource and control, relay station and terminal is equal to treats.At this moment, in order to obtain diversity gain, its specific implementation is: relay station carries out conjugation to the received signal to be handled and then forwards.The signal of relaying and directly from signal of base station has bigger delay on both times, cushion in physical layer this moment, treats that the signal that the repeater is come merges together, and it is just enough that the window size of merging is arranged on 8 TTI.
Above scheme requires terminal to increase a bigger buffer, need carry out bigger change to physical layer, a kind of alternative method is to adopt multi-antenna technology in terminal, terminal can identify arrogant signal of base station, still from the signal of relay station, merge in network layer (MAC) then.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is, adopts the wireless communication networks of relay station technology to mainly contain following benefit:
1. the mast of placing relay station does not need the same with the base station high yet, so just can reduce operation expenses (renting pylon and maintenance cost as the service provider).
2. relay station does not carry out wired connection with backbone network, and their storages are handled from the data that base station radio receives, and forward it to user terminal then, and vice versa.Need not like this between base station and wired backbone, to be the relay station mounting interface, thereby saved the expense of base plate (using) as interface
3. for Cell Edge User, the base station is more much bigger than the path loss through relay station relays to the direct propagation loss between the terminal, employing relay station technology can improve each the link of terminal data rate away from the base station, thereby has solved the covering problem of high data rate in the relatively large sub-district potentially.
4. by the transmission of radio links of control and supervisory relay and terminal, can improve the transmission signals quality by advanced technologies such as diversity processing
5. adopt the relay station technology of multi-hop type, extended coverage range, and flexible networking flexibly etc.
In sum, relaying technique has a lot of incomparable benefits, is one of key mechanism of future broadband wireless communication systems.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: the performance gain comparison diagram of relaying technique during the different antennae technology
Fig. 2: the performance gain comparison diagram of relaying technique when the different antennae technology adopts grand diversity
Fig. 3: based on the Radio Access Network system topology diagram of relaying technique
Fig. 4: network design key step flow chart
Embodiment
When providing different honeycomb among Fig. 1 when the different distance of base station the spectrum efficiency of system.The relay structure here is meant in the centre of coverage has placed a relay station, and the height of relay station is half of base station height, and adopts many antenna configurations at relay point.The hypothesis radius of society is 4km among the figure, the spectrum efficiency contrast after adopting traditional honeycomb and adopting the junction network structure.As we know from the figure, behind the employing relaying technique, the spectrum efficiency of system obviously improves, and particularly uses MIMO at the relay station place, can significantly improve network performance.
Fig. 2 has contrasted in the relaying diversity gain results of property that adopts single antenna and adopt 2 * 2MIMO antenna.As can be seen from the figure, the nearer zone from the base station, because the diversity gain meeting is arranged, the spectrum efficiency of system significantly improves.When far away, can't obtaining information from the base station from the base station, thus diversity gain can't be obtained, thus the spectrum efficiency of system and do not adopt the spectrum efficiency of diversity technique similar.In conjunction with the grand diversity technique of MIMO antenna technology and relay station, the spectrum efficiency of system is very high.Hence one can see that, and relaying technique can obtain extra relaying benefit, by encoding at relay station, then can obtain extra relaying diversity gain.
Fig. 3 has provided the Radio Access Network system topological structure based on relaying technique that obtains according to method of the present invention, and wherein the base station just covers the zone (overlay area) of minority, shown in double dot dash line zone among Fig. 3.The service range of relay station is far smaller than the coverage of base station, is mainly used in to replenish to cover (shown in solid line zone among Fig. 3), and the interference that reduces the minizone, just provide diversity gain in addition.
In actual mechanical process, be also noted that following some:
First, the service range of relay station extended base station (being the coverage), the resource allocation of terminal and relay station and scheduling are all by base station united and coordinating and control, in order to simplify the complexity of network, the single-hop relay station is supported in suggestion earlier, and the multi-hop relay station is supported in expansion more later on;
The second, for the terminal that is in the overlay area, can receive from signal of base station.If wish to improve signal quality, relay station can be set in the overlay area, thereby obtain extra diversity gain from relay station;
The 3rd, the terminal in the coverage can receive the signal of one or more relay station, because a plurality of repeating signals all come centralized control by same base station, incoming terminal can be synchronous, so can obtain diversity gain;
The coverage of the four, two base station is not overlapping as far as possible, and for the zone that overlaps, by the transmitting power of control relay station, the adjacent repeating signal that reduces between different base station disturbs.
Fig. 4 has provided the concrete implementation step based on the wireless communication networks network-building method of relaying technique, specifically comprises as follows:
The first step, according to traffic carrying capacity and actual environment etc., arrange several large-scale base stations, multi-antenna mode is adopted in big base station, the basic principle that base station location is selected is to guarantee that the presence of intercell interference that the terminal in the base station range receives is enough little, this moment, wireless network was that covering is limited, but not interference-limited.
Second step, by being set, suitable relay station comes the extended wireless coverage, and this moment, multi-antenna mode was used in the base station, and can correctly receive the signal of serving BS.In order to guarantee the quality of relay station received signal, the reasonable Arrangement relay station, avoid a relay station can receive 2 and 2 signals that send above base station, the coverage of promptly as far as possible reducing adjacent base station.Can adopt various advanced technologies this moment, as directive antenna, MIMO technology etc.Simultaneously, for the simplified system design, do not advise using the multi-hop relay technology.In order to save cost, and simplify networking, use wireless communication technology to communicate between relay station and base station.We synthesize the coverage of base station together base station range and with the coverage of this relevant relay station in base station.
In the 3rd step, terminal search for the strongest signal carrying out network selecting and sub-district when resident, reads broadcast control information, obtains the base station identifying signal (Cell ID) of access.Terminal can be reported the base station information that oneself can discern and relay station information to network behind access network together, can store the access information of each terminal at the place, base station, so that coordination, unified control and RRM etc. are concentrated in the base station.
The 4th step, coordinate between base station and the relay station, guaranteeing that terminal is received can time synchronized from the signal of base station and relay station.If terminal can be received the signal from a plurality of relay stations of same base station service areas, then the base station wants to distribute for this targeted customer carries out same asset between these several relay stations simultaneously, and the time shifts to an earlier date and scheduling of resource.
In the 5th step, in order to simplify the design of terminal, adopt identical wireless standard from the base station with signal, and can realize the merging of physical layer from relay station.During the terminal access of radio network, the signal that judgement can be discerned if there are many barss can discern (from the base station or from relay station), then adopt the high specific gain to merge diversity and handles.From signal of base station with from the signal of relay station coding gain is arranged, promptly relay station can carry out space-time code to the received signal and handles, and then forwards.
The 6th step, in order to guarantee from signal of base station and can diversity reception from the signal of relay station, must guarantee signal synchronously.When downlink transfer, the base station can shift to an earlier date a period of time information is sent to relay station, Timing Advance more than or equal to relay station from receiving the processing time that sends again.From this angle, the two-layer scheduling of resource of carrying out is generally divided in the base station, and ground floor is that relay station is carried out scheduling of resource, and the second layer is directly the terminal that is in the base station range to be dispatched, and have correlation between the two.
The 7th step, when terminal moves out the relay station of original covering but do not leave the base station services scope, do not carry out handover operation, just upgrade corresponding information, so that carry out reasonable resources scheduling and RRM at the place, base station; When terminal is left the service range of original base station, carry out handover operation.
In the above step, the scheduling of resource, access control, power control, switching controls, Timing Advance control etc. all come unified management by the base station.
Although the present invention is described and illustrates with reference to embodiment, and do not mean that the present invention is limited to the execution mode of these descriptions.Be noted that simultaneously technical scheme among the present invention is not specially at any specific wireless communication system.
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