CN1976194A - power conditioner - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a power regulator, which is used for fluorescent lamp ballast and energy-saving lamp dimmer products at present, can not directly replace the traditional incandescent lamp dimmer for installation because of the need of connecting a power neutral wire, and can be used only by rewiring, thereby bringing much inconvenience to users. The invention adopts the formula D₁－D₄A full-bridge rectifier circuit composed of two parallel-connected rectifier circuits₁And D₄Filter capacitor C of input end₅The power regulator is connected between a power supply and a load in series and is provided with two triggers U₁、U₂Connected in series and with the surrounding elements R₃、R₄、C₂、C₃、R₇、D₇、VR₁Connected to form a trigger signal processing circuit, the output end of the trigger signal processing circuit is connected in series with another trigger U₃And from the surrounding elements R₅、C₄The output end of the delay circuit is connected with a trigger U in series₄And a peripheral element Q₁Forming a driver; and a short-circuit protection circuit is also connected in the power regulator.

Description

power conditioner

technical field

The invention relates to a power conditioner, especially a power conditioner for a fluorescent lamp or an energy-saving lamp.

Background technique

Currently used for fluorescent lamp ballasts and energy-saving lamp dimmers, because they need to be connected to the power neutral line, they cannot replace traditional incandescent lamp dimmers for direct installation, and need to be re-wired before they can be used, which brings a lot of inconvenience to users. However, general power regulators use bidirectional thyristors as electronic switches. Its switching characteristics are to turn on after a period of time delay after the power supply voltage crosses zero. After turning on, due to resonance, the thyristor is turned on and off. , or even out of control, because the current that drives the thyristor as an electronic switch is often several milliamperes or above, and general inductive loads such as fluorescent lamps or energy-saving lamps cannot provide power, so that fluorescent lamps or energy-saving lamps cannot achieve power regulation, especially for those below 25 watts. Low-power fluorescent lamps or energy-saving lamps. Moreover, the existing technology uses complex and many components in the design to realize the sampling circuit when the power supply voltage crosses zero, the time extension control circuit, the driving circuit, etc., resulting in excessive power consumption, and it is necessary to connect the neutral line of the power supply to have enough current. operation of the circuits described above are provided.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a very simple circuit design, adopting a small-scale CMOSIC with extremely small power consumption as the control circuit, so that the low-power inductive load with large internal resistance of the load can realize stable power regulation.

The technical solution of the present invention is to adopt a power conditioner, including a full-bridge rectifier circuit composed of diodes D ₁ -D ₄ , and a filter capacitor C ₅ connected in parallel to the input terminals of diodes D ₁ and D ₄ , to convert the power conditioner Connected in series between the power supply and the load, the power regulator has two triggers U ₁ and U ₂ connected in series, and the two triggers U ₁ and U ₂ are connected to the surrounding components R ₃ , R ₄ , C ₂ , C ₃ , R ₇ , D ₇ , and VR ₁ are connected to form a trigger signal processing circuit. _The output terminal of the trigger signal processing circuit is connected in series with another flip-flop U ₃ , and the surrounding components R ₅ , A delay circuit formed by C ₄ , the output end of the delay circuit is connected in series with a driver formed by trigger U ₄ and the surrounding element Q ₁ of the trigger U ₄ ; a short circuit protection is also connected in the power regulator circuit.

In the power conditioner of the present invention, a current-limiting resistor R1, a diode _D5 , and a capacitor _C1 are connected in series between the positive and negative _poles of the output of the full-bridge rectifier circuit, and a point between the capacitor _C1 and the diode _D5 is connected to the full-bridge A Zener diode ZD ₁ and a resistor R ₂ are connected in parallel between the output cathode of the rectifier circuit, and a resistor R ₃ is connected in parallel between a point between the resistor R ₁ and the diode D ₅ and the output cathode of the full bridge rectifier circuit.

In the power conditioner of the present invention, the trigger signal processing circuit is composed of trigger U ₁ and trigger U ₂ in series, an input terminal of trigger U ₁ is connected between resistors R ₁ and R ₃ , trigger U ₁ The other input end is connected between the resistor _R4 and the capacitor _C2 , the other end of the resistor _R4 is connected between the diode _D5 and the capacitor _C1 , and the other end of the capacitor _C2 is connected to the output negative pole of the full-bridge rectifier circuit, triggering The output terminal of the trigger U ₁ is connected to the input terminal of the trigger U ₂ , and a capacitor C ₃ is connected in series between the connection lines, and a resistor and an inverter are connected in parallel between the output negative pole of the full-bridge rectifier circuit and the input terminal of the trigger U ₂ A diode D ₇ is connected in parallel, the parallel resistance is formed by a variable resistor VR ₁ and a resistor R ₇ connected in series, the anode of the diode D ₆ is connected between the resistor R ₄ and the capacitor C ₂ , and the cathode of the diode D ₆ Connect with flip-flop _U2 output.

In the power regulator of the present invention, the delay circuit is connected between the capacitor C ₄ and the resistor R ₅ by the two input terminals of the trigger U ₃ , and the other end of the capacitor C ₄ is connected between the diode D 5 and the resistor R ₅ . Between the capacitors _C1 , the other end of the resistor _R5 is connected to the negative output of the full-bridge rectifier circuit, and the output end of the flip-flop _U3 is connected to an input end of the trigger _U4 of the driver.

In the power conditioner of the present invention, the driver is connected to the output terminal of _the trigger U ₂ by the other input terminal of the trigger U 4 , and the output terminal of the trigger U ₄ is connected in series with a resistor R ₆ and then connected to the transistor Q ₁ collector, the collector of the triode _Q1 is connected to the positive output of the full-bridge rectifier circuit, and the emitter of the triode _Q1 is connected in series with a resistor _R10 and then connected to the negative output of the full-bridge rectifier circuit.

In the power conditioner of the present invention, the short-circuit protection circuit is connected between the diode _D5 and the capacitor _C1 at one end of the resistor _R8 , and the other end is connected in series with the anode of a thyristor diode _Q2 , and the thyristor The cathode of diode Q ₂ is connected to the output cathode of the full-bridge rectifier circuit, the control electrode of thyristor diode Q ₂ is connected between the emitter of transistor Q ₁ and resistor R ₁₀ , and the control electrode of silicon controlled diode Q ₂ and the emitter of transistor Q ₁ A resistor R ₉ is connected in series between the poles, and a point between the resistor R ₈ and the anode of the thyristor diode Q ₂ is connected to an input terminal of the trigger U ₂ .

In the power regulator of the present invention, a voltmeter V ₁ is connected in parallel between the positive and negative poles of the output of the full bridge rectifier circuit.

The technical effect produced by the invention is that the circuit structure is simple and the power consumption is extremely small. The power regulator can be directly connected in series between the electrical appliance and the power supply, which can effectively adjust the brightness of the light. The present invention uses a power switching element (metal oxide semiconductor plant effect transistor) as an electronic switch and a small-scale trigger with very little power consumption as a control circuit. After the ballast is charged and stored, it is disconnected, and the power can be adjusted through the adjustment of the energy storage time, so as to realize the dimming effect of the fluorescent lamp. In addition to regulating the power of the inductive load, the device can also regulate the power of the resistive load.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic circuit diagram of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. As shown in Figure 1, the power regulator is connected in series between the power supply and the fluorescent lamp or energy-saving lamp, a full-bridge rectifier circuit composed of diodes _D1 - _D4 , and a filter capacitor connected in parallel at the input terminals of diodes _D1 and _D4 C ₅ , the power regulator is connected in series between the power supply and the load, the power regulator has two triggers U ₁ and U ₂ connected in series, and the two triggers U ₁ and U ₂ are connected to the surrounding components R ₃ , R ₄ , C ₂ , C ₃ , R ₇ , D ₇ , and VR ₁ are connected to form a trigger signal processing circuit, the output end of the trigger signal processing circuit is connected in series with another flip-flop U ₃ , and the The delay circuit formed by elements R ₅ and C ₄ around the trigger U ₃ , the output end of the delay circuit is connected in series with a driver formed by the trigger U ₄ and the surrounding element Q ₁ of the trigger U ₄ ; A short circuit protection circuit is also connected in the power conditioner.

A current-limiting resistor _R1, a diode D5, and a capacitor _C1 are connected in series between the positive and _negative poles of the output of the full-bridge rectifier circuit, and a point between the capacitor _{C1 and} the diode _D5 is connected in parallel with the output negative pole of the full-bridge rectifier circuit. Zener diode ZD ₁ and resistor R ₂ , and a resistor R ₃ is connected in parallel between a point between resistor R ₁ and diode D ₅ and the output cathode of the full-bridge rectifier circuit.

The trigger signal processing circuit is connected in series with trigger _U1 and trigger _U2 , one input end of trigger _U1 is connected between resistors _R1 and _R3 , and the other input end of trigger _U1 is connected to resistor _R4 Between the capacitor _C2 , the other end of the resistor _R4 is connected between the diode _D5 and the capacitor _C1 , the other end of the capacitor _C2 is connected to the output negative pole of the full-bridge rectifier circuit, and the output terminal of the trigger _U1 is connected to the trigger U _2. The input terminal is connected in series with a capacitor C ₃ between the connection lines. A resistor and a diode D ₇ are connected in parallel between the output negative pole of the full-bridge rectifier circuit and the input terminal of the above-mentioned trigger U ₂ . The above-mentioned parallel resistance is composed of a variable resistor VR ₁ and a resistor R ₇ connected in series, the anode of the diode D ₆ is connected between the resistor R ₄ and the capacitor C ₂ , and the cathode of the diode D ₆ is connected to the output terminal of the trigger U ₂ .

The delay circuit is connected between the capacitor _C4 and the resistor _R5 by two input terminals of the trigger _U3 , and the other end of the capacitor _C4 is connected between the diode _D5 and the capacitor _C1 , and the resistor The other end of R ₅ is connected to the output negative pole of the full-bridge rectifier circuit, and the output end of the flip-flop U ₃ is connected to an input end of the trigger U ₄ of the driver.

The driver is connected to the output terminal of flip-flop U ₂ by the other input terminal of trigger U ₄ , and the output terminal of trigger U ₄ is connected in series with a resistor R ₆ to the collector of transistor Q ₁ , and the transistor Q 1 ₁ collector is connected to the positive output of the full-bridge rectifier circuit, and the emitter of the triode Q ₁ is connected in series with a resistor R ₁₀ and then connected to the negative output of the full-bridge rectifier circuit.

The short-circuit protection circuit is that one end of the resistor _R8 is connected between the diode _D5 and the capacitor _C1 , and the other end is connected in series with the anode of a thyristor diode _Q2 , and the cathode of the thyristor diode _Q2 is connected to the full-bridge rectifier circuit The output negative pole is connected, the control pole of the thyristor diode _Q2 is connected between the emitter of the triode _Q1 and the resistor _R10 , and a resistor _R9 is connected in series between the control pole of the thyristor diode _Q2 and the emitter of the triode _Q1 , a point between the resistor R ₈ and the anode of the thyristor diode Q ₂ is connected to an input end of the flip-flop U ₂ .

A voltmeter V ₁ is connected in parallel between the positive and negative poles of the output of the full bridge rectifier circuit.

The working principle of the present invention is that the power supply current passes through the load and is rectified by the diodes _D1 - _D4 to charge _C1 , the resistor _R1 is the charging current limiting resistor, and the diode _D5 prevents the discharge of the capacitor _C1 when the triode _Q1 is turned on. ZD ₁ is to limit the charging voltage of capacitor C ₁ so that the operating voltage of flip-flops U ₁ -U ₄ must not exceed 12 volts.

Triggers U ₁ , U ₂ and their surrounding components are trigger signal processing circuits. Resistor R ₃ is a sampling resistor when _the power supply voltage crosses zero. When the voltage crosses zero, the output of trigger U ₁ is high level. The voltage on can not change abruptly, so the input of flip-flop U ₂ is high level, and the output is low level. At this time, the diode D ₆ sets the 2PIN of the flip-flop _U1 to a low level, so that the output of the flip-flop _U1 keeps a high level. The capacitor C ₃ is charged through the adjustable resistor VR ₁ and the resistor R _7. When the charging is completed, the input terminal of the trigger U ₂ becomes low level, and the output terminal 4PIN becomes high level. At this time, the two terminals of the trigger U ₁ Each input terminal also becomes high level, so that the output terminal 3PIN of the flip-flop _U1 becomes low level, the capacitor _C3 begins to charge, and the diode _D7 is set to shorten the discharge time.

Trigger U ₃ is a time delay circuit, its function is to provide full power level to start the fluorescent lamp or energy-saving lamp when starting up, the starting time is about 2-5 seconds, and the length of time is determined by the combination of capacitor C ₄ and resistor R ₅ .

The trigger U ₄ is the driver of the transistor Q _1. When the trigger U ₂ outputs a low level, the trigger U ₄ outputs a high level, and the drive transistor Q ₁ is turned on to make the load work, because the trigger U ₂ outputs a low level The time is determined by the value of capacitor C ₃ , variable resistor VR ₁ and resistor R ₇ , so changing the size of variable resistor VR ₁ can change the conduction time of transistor Q ₁ , thereby controlling the power on the load.

Resistor R ₇ is specially designed for dimming fluorescent lamps or energy-saving lamps. Since fluorescent lamps or energy-saving lamps have a minimum operating voltage requirement, the charging time of capacitor C ₃ cannot be too short, which is guaranteed by the addition of resistor R ₇ .

Resistors R ₈ , R ₉ , R ₁₀ and thyristor diode Q ₂ form a short-circuit protection circuit. Resistor R ₁₀ is a sampling resistor for load short circuit or triode Q ₁ overload. When this happens, thyristor diode Q ₂ will It is turned on so that the triode _Q1 is cut off and not turned on, and the thyristor diode _Q2 can be reset to resume work until the power is turned off.

Capacitor _C5 is designed to improve the power factor, to improve the switching waveform, and to reduce the interference of electromagnetic waves to electronic components.

Claims (7)

1. A power conditioner, comprising a full-bridge rectifier circuit composed of diodes D ₁ -D ₄ , and a filter capacitor C ₅ connected in parallel to the input terminals of diodes D ₁ and D ₄ , characterized in that: the power conditioner is connected in series Connected between the power supply and the load, the power regulator has two flip-flops U ₁ , U ₂ connected in series, and the two flip-flops U ₁ , U ₂ are connected to the surrounding components R ₃ , R ₄ , C ₂ , C _3. R ₇ , D ₇ , and VR ₁ are connected to form a trigger signal processing circuit, and the output end of the trigger signal processing circuit is connected in series with another flip-flop U ₃ and the surrounding components R ₅ and C ₄ of the trigger U ₃ A delay circuit is formed, and the output end of the delay circuit is connected in series with a driver composed of a trigger _U4 and the surrounding element _Q1 of the trigger _U4 ; a short circuit protection circuit is also connected in the power regulator. 2. The power conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: a current-limiting resistor _R1 , a diode _D5 and a capacitor _C1 are connected in series between the positive and negative electrodes of the output of the full-bridge rectifier circuit, and the capacitor _C1 diode A voltage regulator diode ZD ₁ and a resistor R ₂ are connected in parallel between a point between D ₅ and the output negative pole of the full-bridge rectifier circuit, and a resistor R ₃ is connected in parallel between a point between the resistor R ₁ and diode D ₅ and the output negative pole of the full-bridge rectifier circuit . 3. The power conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: the trigger signal processing circuit is composed of trigger _U1 and trigger _U2 connected in series, and an input terminal of trigger _U1 is connected between resistors _R1 and R ₃ , the other input end of trigger _U1 is connected between resistor _R4 and capacitor _C2 , the other end of resistor _R4 is connected between diode _D5 and capacitor _C1 , and the other end of capacitor _C2 is connected to The negative pole of the output of the full-bridge rectifier circuit, the output terminal of the trigger _U1 is connected to the first input terminal of the trigger _U2 , and a capacitor _C3 is connected in series between the connection lines, and the negative pole of the output of the full-bridge rectifier circuit is connected to the first input terminal of the above-mentioned trigger _U2 . A resistor and a diode D ₇ are connected in parallel in the opposite direction. The parallel resistor is composed of a variable resistor VR ₁ and a resistor R ₇ connected in series, and a diode D ₆ is connected between the resistor R ₄ and the capacitor C ₂ positive pole, and the negative pole of the diode _D6 is connected to the output end of the flip-flop _U2 . 4. The power conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: the delay circuit is connected between the capacitor _C4 and the resistor _R5 by two input terminals of the trigger _U3 , and the capacitor _C4 The other end is connected between the diode _D5 and the capacitor _C1 , the other end of the resistor _R5 is connected to the output cathode of the full-bridge rectifier circuit, and the output end of the trigger _U3 is connected to an input end of the driver trigger _U4 . 5. _{The power conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: the driver is connected to the output terminal of trigger U2 by the other input terminal of trigger U4, and the output terminal of trigger U4 of the} trigger is connected in series Resistor R ₆ is connected to the collector of transistor Q ₁ , the collector of transistor Q ₁ is connected to the positive output of the full-bridge rectifier circuit, and the emitter of transistor Q ₁ is connected in series with a resistor R ₁₀ and then connected to the output of the full-bridge rectifier circuit negative electrode. 6. The power conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: the short-circuit protection circuit is connected between the diode _D5 and the capacitor _C1 at one end of the resistor _R8 , and a thyristor diode Q is connected in series at the other end ₂ anode, the negative pole of the thyristor diode Q ₂ is connected to the negative pole of the output of the full bridge rectifier circuit, the control pole of the thyristor diode Q ₂ is connected between the emitter of the triode Q ₁ and the resistor R ₁₀ , and the thyristor diode Q ₂ A resistor _R9 is connected in series between the control electrode and the emitter of the triode _Q1 , and a point between the resistor _R8 and the anode of the thyristor diode _Q2 is connected to an input terminal of the trigger _U2 . 7. The power conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that a voltmeter V ₁ is connected in parallel between the positive and negative poles of the output of the full bridge rectifier circuit.

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