CN1963056A - Bamboo residential building - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a bamboo residential building, which comprises a foundation, a wall, a floor and a roof from bottom to top, the foundation is a bamboo-reinforced concrete or reinforced concrete structure, and the wall and floor are made of bamboo components or a combination of bamboo and wood Components, the perimeter of the floor is supported by the wall, and the bamboo components of the wall include a top beam plate, a bottom beam plate, a stud column arranged between the top beam plate and the bottom beam plate, and a stud column covering the outside of the stud column. The wall panels, the bamboo components of the floor include several floor joists and floor panels made of bamboo base materials, the floor joists are arranged on the roof beam, and the floor panels are covered on the floor joists. The invention is a bamboo residential building with simple structure, low cost, low construction difficulty, short construction period and good environmental protection.

Description

Bamboo Residential Construction

technical field

The invention mainly relates to the field of residential building structures, in particular to a bamboo residential building.

Background technique

The existing residential building structures are mainly steel structures, concrete structures or reinforced concrete structures. The metallurgy and cement industries have always been high energy consumption and high pollution industries. The production of steel and cement needs to consume a lot of energy and non-renewable natural resources. At the same time, a large amount of waste water, waste gas and waste residue are produced, which seriously affects the ecological environment and does not meet the requirements of sustainable development. Therefore, residential buildings with these structures often have disadvantages such as complex structure, high cost, large space occupation, difficult construction, and long construction period. Therefore, more and more people advocate the use of natural, environmentally friendly and renewable organic materials, which are processed by modern technology and made into structural components, gradually replacing the use of steel and cement, and believe that it is the only way to achieve sustainable development of the construction industry , gradually making it an important opportunity to ensure the sustainable development of human society. Currently, the most used natural, renewable, organic material in construction is wood.

There are two main types of wood used in construction. One category is logs and wood squares and boards made of logs after sawing and planing. The use of logs and their products to build wooden structures has a long history in our country. The wooden structure has the advantages of convenient processing, simple construction, elegant appearance and good applicability. However, due to the lack of forest resources in our country, the country has strict control over timber felling. Even artificial afforestation, due to the long period of timber maturity, the source of logs is limited, and it is impossible to build a large number of timber structures. The other type is glued wood, which is generally a board, using adhesives and pressure forming processes to combine smaller boards into relatively larger boards. Glued wood can generally only be used for interior decoration or as a formwork. In North America, however, glulam is widely used in primary wall and floor slabs of timber structures.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: aiming at the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a bamboo residential building with simple structure, low cost, low construction difficulty, short construction period and good environmental protection.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the solution proposed by the present invention is: a bamboo residential building, which is characterized in that: it comprises a foundation, a body of wall, a floor and a roof from bottom to top, and the foundation is bamboo-reinforced concrete or reinforced concrete Structure, the wall and floor adopt bamboo components or bamboo-wood composite components, the periphery of the floor is supported by the wall, and the bamboo components of the wall include top beam boards, bottom beam boards, Between the stud columns and the wall panels covering the outside of the stud columns, the bamboo components of the floor include several floor joists and floor panels using bamboo-based materials, the floor joists are arranged in the top beam slab, and the floor The panel cover is arranged on the floor joists.

The roof beam board is a single-layer roof beam board or a double-layer roof beam board.

The roof adopts bamboo or wood trusses, the upper chords of the trusses are connected by prismatic bamboo strips or wooden strips, the trusses are covered with bamboo plywood, and the bamboo plywood is covered with roofing materials.

The stud column of the wall body is connected with the foundation through angle steel.

Continuous bamboo bottom braces, joist cross braces or shear braces are provided between every two floor joists.

Moisture-proof paper is provided between the wall panel and the stud column, the bottom of the wall panel and the foundation are bonded with sealant, the bottom beam plate is provided with a bottom plate used as a floor, and polyethylene sealing strip.

The bamboo components of the walls and floors are made of bamboo plywood, bamboo-wood composite wood-based panels, bamboo plywood with sandwich structure, bamboo plywood with hollow structure, bamboo-reinforced gypsum board or bamboo-reinforced cement board.

Compared with the prior art, the advantage of the present invention is that because the bamboo residential building of the present invention uses bamboo as the main raw material, the growth cycle of bamboo is short and the output is large, so bamboo can be used as a substitute material for wood for temporary housing In order to reduce the uncontrolled deforestation of forests and protect the environment, it is especially suitable for the sustainable development of society, economy and environment. Therefore, residential buildings using bamboo as raw materials have the following advantages:

1. Short construction period: The construction period only needs 3 to 4 months, which is 1/2 or 1/4 of traditional houses. Consumers can put it into use, and it can also provide developers with the fastest time for capital return (brick-concrete buildings) The construction period of the structure is 6 to 10 months, and the decoration is not included at the time of completion). In addition, precisely because bamboo residential buildings can be installed in a short time, this efficiency is very important for natural disaster relief, quickly reducing casualties or restoring people's lives in disaster areas.

2. Bamboo is a very good electrical insulator with low conductivity and good thermal insulation performance. Consumers can save electricity and gas bills.

3. Due to its structural characteristics, the light bamboo structure enables the flexible arrangement of the internal structure of the building. On the bamboo base of the structural exterior wall, different decorative materials can be used (whether it is whitewash for wet work, facing bricks or hanging board for dry work), which enriches the facade and can meet the various design styles of developers and the differences of consumers individual needs.

4. The bamboo structure has a high strength-to-weight ratio: the bamboo structure is light in weight, good in elasticity, high in strength and high in toughness. of shock resistance.

5. Not easy to damage and easy to maintain: all its pipelines are in the wall or floor, and there are reserved maintenance ports, and maintenance problems are basically not easy to occur.

6. Corrosion resistance: Shrinkage and pretreatment of bamboo can increase the durability and damage resistance of bamboo buildings. Bamboo is resistant to many chemicals and many bamboo species are inherently resistant to rot and insect damage. Properly treated bamboo can last up to 30 years, and careful selection of bamboo species, anti-corrosion treatment, use of auxiliary materials, and regular replacement of aging or damaged parts can increase the durability of bamboo houses.

7. Stability: Once the bamboo material reaches the equilibrium moisture content, its dimensional change will be small, with high balance and low shrinkage, and the bamboo structure has long-term investment value preservation benefits.

8. Environmental protection effect on society: In the process of mining, production, transportation and construction of various structural raw materials, bamboo structures have the least pollution and damage to water, air, soil and people. This is why people from all walks of life in various countries pay more and more attention to it. an important reason.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the connection schematic diagram of body of wall and foundation among the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of body of wall among the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the wall corner of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the wall and the floor joists in the present invention;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the connection between floor joists and shear braces in the present invention.

illustration

1. Foundation 2. Wall

3. Floor cover 4. Top beam plate

5. Bottom beam plate 6. Wall stud column

7. Wall panels 8. Floor joists

9. Floor slab 10. Truss

11. Bamboo plywood 12. Angle steel

13. Self-tapping screw 14. Shear brace

15. Moisture-proof paper 16. Polyethylene sealing strip

17. Sealant 18. Rock wool felt

19. Floor 20. Roof

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in Figure 1, bamboo residential building of the present invention, it comprises foundation 1, body of wall 2, floor 3 and roof 20 successively from bottom to top, the connection between each component adopts modes such as iron nail, screw and gluing, simultaneously Complemented by specially-made connectors and fiber-reinforced plastic layers (FRP) to maintain integrity. Among them, the foundation 1 is a bamboo-reinforced concrete or reinforced concrete structure, and the wall 2 and the floor 3 are made of bamboo components or bamboo-wood composite components. The main advantage is that the floor 3 and the wall 2 can be constructed separately, so the completed floor 3 can be used as a working platform during the construction of the upper body of wall 2, and the bamboo components can also be assembled earlier in other places, and then transported to the construction site in place, shortening the construction time and improving the efficiency of construction. The periphery of the floor 3 is supported by the wall 2, and the bamboo components of the wall 2 include a roof beam 4, a bottom beam 5, a stud column 6 arranged between the roof beam 4 and the bottom beam 5, and a wall covering the wall. The wall panel 7 on the outside of the bone column 6, the roof beam plate 4 can adopt a single-layer roof beam plate or double-layer roof beam plate according to the needs, and the wall bone column 6 of the load-bearing wall adopts a standard material with a material grade of _Vc or above, and The stud 6 of the non-load-bearing wall can use any material grade specification timber, and the inner surface of the stud 6 can also be fixed with an interior decorative plate by shooting nails, while the top beam plate 4, the bottom beam plate 5 and the stud column 6 are Provide support for the wall panel 7 and the interior decoration board, and also serve as a fire-stopping member to prevent the flame from spreading in the wall body 2 . Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and shown in Fig. 6, bottom beam plate 5 is provided with the base plate 19 that is used as floor, and base plate 19 can adopt bamboo floor, and this bamboo base plate is the artificial bamboo of a class small size. Board, bamboo flooring has high surface hardness, good finish and wear resistance. The stud column 6 of the wall body 2 is connected to the foundation 1 through an angle steel 12, one end of the angle steel 12 is connected to the stud column 6 through a self-tapping screw 13, and the other end is connected to the foundation 1 through a bottom plate 19 through a self-tapping screw 13 or an anchor bolt, A wall panel 7 made of bamboo plywood is provided on the outer surface of the stud column 6, a moisture-proof paper 15 is provided between the wall panel 7 and the stud column 6, and a sealant 17 is used to glue the bottom of the wall panel 7 and the foundation 1, and the base plate A polyethylene sealing strip 16 is provided between the 19 and the foundation 1, and the purpose of the established rock wool felt 18 is heat insulation and sound insulation. Bamboo plywood is made of bamboo slices of equal thickness with grooves as its constituent units. The bamboo slices are prepared by rolling and planing. "High temperature softening of bamboo - rolling" is the technological feature of this product. Bamboo plywood can be used not only as ordinary structural panels, but also as wall panels and floor panels through panel extension and surface treatment. Bamboo plywood of the present invention can adopt ready-made bamboo plywood formwork, but should adopt more nailable bamboo plywood for assembling convenience, and obtain the rational combination of reasonable isodirectional strength or unequal direction strength through optimal design. The bamboo components of the floor 3 include several floor joists 8 and floor panels 9 using bamboo-based materials, the several floor joists 8 are arranged in the top beam slab 4, and the distance between the floor joists 8 is not greater than 600mm. The floor panel 9 is covered on the floor joists 8 . In order to increase the strength and bearing capacity of the floor 3, a shear brace 14 is provided between every two floor joists 8. A ceiling can be added to the top of the floor 3, and the ceiling is made of bamboo-based structural panels or gypsum boards or wooden-based structural panels. The floor joists 8 can adopt rectangular or I-shaped cross-sections. Connect with the wall 2, or adopt continuous bamboo bottom brace, joist cross brace or shear brace 14 at the bottom of the floor joist 8 near the support. The periphery of the floor 3 is supported by the wall 2, and the mid-span of the floor 3 is supported by beams or columns. The roof 20 adopts bamboo or timber trusses 10, and supports can be set between the trusses 10 to keep them stable. Bamboo plywood 11, waterproof material and roof tiles or other roofing materials are laid on the bamboo plywood 11.

The bamboo member that body of wall 2 and floor 3 adopts among the present invention can also adopt other bamboo materials, such as bamboo board bamboo wood composite wood-based panel, sandwich structure bamboo plywood, hollow structure bamboo plywood, bamboo rib gypsum board, Bamboo Reinforced Cement Board and so on. Among them, because bamboo and wood have many of the same material properties, and each has its own characteristics, bamboo-wood composite wood-based panels are a type of bamboo composite wood-based panels with the largest variety, and their structural form is mainly a laminated composite structure. Wood mainly participates in compounding in the form of wood veneer (or veneer) and wood square (or plank); bamboo is mostly processed into bamboo slices, bamboo mats, bamboo curtains and bamboo veneer to be compounded with it, both of which can be composite boards respectively. The core layer and surface layer, which mainly depends on the performance or application requirements of the composite board. Sandwich structure bamboo plywood is a bamboo plywood with a core structure, and the thickness of the core should be much larger than other layers. There are two main types of sandwich structure bamboo plywood, one is chipped bamboo mat plywood, and the other is chipped bamboo plywood. Sandwich structure bamboo plywood is a kind of composite bamboo plywood. It is made by gluing 1 to 2 layers of bamboo mats and bamboo slices as the surface board and the core layer of bamboo scraps. During the use of this kind of sandwich structure panel, its surface plate almost bears the side load (edge load) and vertical bending moment applied in the plane, and also bears almost all the bending stiffness of the structure. The core located in the center layer transmits the shear force between the two skins, making them act on the common central plane, and the core also bears most of the shear stiffness of the plate. The advantage of separating the two surface boards by a core layer of bamboo scraps is that the rigidity of the material is guaranteed without increasing the amount of high-quality surface board materials. The laminated structure and sandwich structure in bamboo wood-based panels are both solid core structures. Although there may be differences in interlayer density on the section of this type of panel, the entire section is dense and free of holes. The hollow structure, which is opposite to the solid core structure, has holes arranged in an orderly manner and of equal shape and size in its cross section. Hollow structural panels have the advantages of light weight, sound insulation, heat insulation and certain strength, and the product price is lower than that of solid structural panels of the same thickness. There are many types of hollow-core structure bamboo plywood, but there are only two types in terms of technology. One is a one-time composite molding process or internal molding process, and the other is to mold or process a network structure core of a certain shape first. layer, and then make the network core layer and the surface layer decoration material, the framework material of the frame form a blank and then heat press and glue the two forming processes of the board. Of the two molding processes, the latter is more widely used, and is mostly used to produce network structure composite panels. The typical product of the internal molding process is bamboo-wood composite hollow core panels. Body of wall 2 among the present invention can adopt the bamboo-reinforced gypsum board of special development, and this gypsum board has better constructability such as nailing than common gypsum board. Body of wall 2 among the present invention can also adopt the specially developed bamboo reinforcement cement board, and this board is solidified with the mortar of cement-based material as coagulant.

Claims (9)

1, a kind of bamboo residential building is characterized in that: it comprises foundation (1), body of wall (2), floor (3) and roof (20) successively from bottom to top, and described foundation (1) is bamboo reinforced concrete Or a reinforced concrete structure, the wall (2) and the floor (3) adopt bamboo components or bamboo-wood composite components, the periphery of the floor (3) is supported by the wall (2), and the bamboo components of the wall (2) It includes the top beam plate (4), the bottom beam plate (5), the wall stud column (6) arranged between the top beam plate (4) and the bottom beam plate (5), and the stud column (6) covering the outside of the wall stud column (6). Wall panels (7), the bamboo components of the floor (3) include several floor joists (8) and floor panels (9) using bamboo-based materials, the floor joists (8) are arranged on the top beam plate In (4), the floor panel (9) is covered on the floor joists (8). 2. The bamboo residential building according to claim 1, characterized in that: the roof beam board (4) is a single-layer roof beam board or a double-layer roof beam board. 3. The bamboo residential building according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the roof (20) is made of bamboo or wood trusses (10), and the upper chords of the trusses (10) are connected by prismatic bamboo strips or wooden strips The truss (10) is covered with bamboo plywood (11), and the bamboo plywood (11) is covered with roofing materials. 4. The bamboo residential building according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the stud column (6) of the wall (2) is connected to the foundation (1) through angle steel (12). 5. The bamboo residential building according to claim 3, characterized in that: the stud column (6) of the wall (2) is connected to the foundation (1) through angle steel (12). 6. The bamboo residential building according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: continuous bamboo bottom braces, joist cross braces or shear braces (14 ). 7. The bamboo residential building according to claim 4, characterized in that: continuous bamboo bottom braces, joist cross braces or shear braces (14) are provided between every two floor joists (8). 8. The bamboo residential building according to claim 7, characterized in that: moisture-proof paper (15) is provided between the wall panel (7) and the stud column (6), and the bottom of the wall panel (7) and the foundation ( 1) are cemented with sealant (17), the bottom beam (5) is provided with a base plate (19) used as a floor, and a polyethylene sealing strip (19) is provided between the base plate (19) and the foundation (1). 16). 9. The bamboo residential building according to claim 8, characterized in that: the bamboo components of the wall (2) and the floor (3) are made of bamboo plywood, bamboo board bamboo wood composite wood-based panel, sandwich structure bamboo Plywood, hollow-core structural bamboo plywood, bamboo-reinforced gypsum board or bamboo-reinforced cement board.

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