CN1933832A - 离子通道调节剂 - Google Patents
离子通道调节剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1933832A CN1933832A CNA2005800074061A CN200580007406A CN1933832A CN 1933832 A CN1933832 A CN 1933832A CN A2005800074061 A CNA2005800074061 A CN A2005800074061A CN 200580007406 A CN200580007406 A CN 200580007406A CN 1933832 A CN1933832 A CN 1933832A
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Abstract
本发明涉及化合物,包括所述化合物的组合物以及使用所述化合物和所述化合物组合物的方法。这里所述的化合物、组合物和方法可用于治疗性调节离子通道功能以及可用于治疗疾病和疾病症状,尤其由某些钙通道亚类靶所介导的那些疾病和疾病症状。
Description
背景技术
所有细胞均依赖无机离子跨细胞膜的调节移动,以完成基本的生理功能。电兴奋性,突触可塑性和信号转导是离子浓度改变起关键作用的过程的实例。通常,允许这些变化的离子通道是由一个或多个亚单位组成的蛋白孔隙,所述亚单位各自含有两个或多个跨膜结构域。凭借对于尺寸和电荷的物理优先性,大多数离子通道对特定离子,主要是Na+,K+,Ca2+或Cl-具有选择性。电化学力驱动离子跨膜移动,而不是主动运输,因此单个通道可以允许每秒通过数百万离子。通道开孔,或“闸门”受电压改变或配体结合的紧密控制,取决于该通道的亚类。离子通道是有吸引力的治疗靶,这是由于它们牵涉到如此多的生理过程,然而,对特定组织类型中的特定通道有特异性的药物的产生成为一个主要的挑战。
电压门控离子通道响应膜电位的改变而打开。例如,可兴奋细胞例如神经元的去极导致了Na+离子的瞬时流入,它传播了神经冲动。这种Na+离子浓度的改变被电压门控的K+通道感应,该K+通道然后允许K+离子流出。K+离子的流出使膜复极。其它细胞类型依赖电压门控的Ca2+通道来产生动作电位。电压门控离子通道在不可兴奋细胞中也扮演了重要作用,比如调节分泌、内环境稳定、促有丝分裂过程。配体门控离子通道能够通过细胞外刺激比如神经递质(例如,谷氨酸,5-羟色胺,乙酰胆碱)或细胞内刺激(例如cAMP,Ca2+和磷酸化)来打开。
电压门控的钙通道的Cav2家族由3个主要的亚类Cav2.1(P或Q类钙流),Cav2.2(N类钙流)和Cav2.3(R类钙流)组成。这些钙流几乎仅仅存在于中枢神经系统(CNS)、周围神经系统(PNS)和神经内分泌细胞中,并且构成了突触前的电压门控钙流的占主导的形式。突触前钙进入通过许多类型的G蛋白偶联受体(GPCRs)来调节,而Cav2通道的调节是调节神经传递的分布广且高度有效的方式。Cav2通道的亚单位的组成由它们的α1亚单位-该α1亚单位形成了孔隙,并且含有电压敏感闸门(α12.1,α12.2和α12.3,分别还称为α1A,α1B和α1E)-和β,α2δ和γ亚单位来确定。
离子通道功能的基因或药理学干扰能够具有显著的临床后果。长QT综合症,癫痫症,囊性纤维化和阵发性共济失调是由离子通道亚单位的突变导致的遗传疾病的几个例子。由某些药物引起的毒副作用例如心律不齐和癫痫发作是由于对离子通道功能的干扰(Sirois,J.E.和Atchison,W.D.,Neurotoxicology 1996;17(1):63-84;Keating,M.T.,Science 1996 272:681-685)。药物可用于离子通道活性的治疗性调节,可用于治疗许多病变,包括高血压,心绞痛,心肌缺血,哮喘,膀胱过分活动,脱发,疼痛,心力衰竭,痛经,II型糖尿病,心律不齐,移植排斥,癫痫发作,惊厥,癫痫症,中风,胃运动过强,精神病,癌症,肌营养障碍和嗜眠发作(Coghlan,M.J.等人,J.Med.Chem.2001,44:1627-1653;Ackerman.M.J.和Clapham,D.E.N.Eng.J.Med.1997,336:1575-1586)。越来越多的确定的离子通道以及对它们的复杂性的了解将有助于在改变离子通道功能方面的未来治疗工作。
Cav2通道活性的治疗性调节可用于治疗许多病变。所有主要的感觉传入输入到脊髓背角的神经元和背角中的脊神经后根神经节神经元,并且钙通过Cav2.2通道流入触发了神经递质从脊髓中的突触前神经终端释放。因此,预计Cav2.2通道的阻断是广泛有效的,因为这些通道处于共同通路下游,形成了各种介导疼痛的受体(Julius,D.和Basbaum,A.I.Nature 2001,413:203-216)。的确,已经证明Cav2.2选择性芋螺肽(conopeptide)、齐考诺肽(SNX-111)的鞘内注射对于动物和人类的神经性疼痛和炎症性疼痛广泛有效(Bowersox,S.S.等人,J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1996,279:1243-1249)。还已经表明,齐考诺肽在全身和局部缺血的大鼠模型中可非常有效地用作神经保护剂(Colburne,F.等人,Stroke 1999,30:662-668)。因此,可以合理地得出结论,Cav2.2的调节暗示了神经保护/中风的治疗作用。
Cav2.2通道存在于交感神经原和肾上腺嗜铬(chroffin)细胞的外周和中介儿茶酚胺释放中。某些形式的高血压由升高的交感神经紧张所导致,而Cav2.2调节剂能够特别有效地治疗这种病症。虽然完全阻断Cav2.2能够引起血压过低或损害压力感受器反射,但是用Cav2.2调节剂部分抑制可以降压,同时具有最小的反射性心动过速。(Uneyama,O.D.Int.J.Mol.Med.1999 3:455-466)。
膀胱活动过度(OAB)特征在于储存症状比如尿急,尿频和夜尿症,有或者没有急迫性失禁(urge incontinence),由膀胱的逼尿肌的过度活动所造成。OAB能够导致急迫性失禁。OAB和疼痛膀胱综合症的病因是不知道的,但神经、平滑肌和尿路上皮的干扰能够引起OAB。
Cav2.1通道在脊髓背角的表层中的局部化表明这些通道与某些疼痛形式的感知和保持有牵连(Vanegas,H.和Schaible,H.Pain 2000,85:9-18。Cav2.1钙流的完全消除改变了突触传递,导致严重的共济失调。加巴喷丁作为癫痫治疗的附加治疗剂已经在临床上使用多年。近年来,它已经作为神经性疼痛的主要治疗剂出现。临床试验表明,加巴喷丁可有效用于治疗疱疹后神经痛、糖尿病性神经病变、三叉神经痛、偏头痛和纤维肌痛(fibromyalgia)(Mellegers,P.G.等人,Clin JPain 2001,17:284-295)。加巴喷丁被设计为代谢稳定的GABA模拟物,但大多数研究发现对GABA受体没有效果。Cav2.1通道的α2δ亚单位已经被确定为加巴喷丁在CNS中的高亲合性结合部位。有证据表明,加巴喷丁通过干涉亚单位α2δ的功能,从而抑制突触前钙流而能够抑制脊髓中的神经传递。
概述
本发明涉及杂环化合物,包括所述化合物的组合物,以及使用所述化合物和化合物组合物的方法。所述化合物和包括它们的组合物可用于治疗疾病或疾病症状,包括由离子通道介导或与离子通道有关的那些疾病或疾病症状。
一个方面是通式(I)的化合物或其药用盐:
其中,
R3是烷基,烷氧基烷基,Ar1或Ar1-X-Y,其中
各Ar1独立地是环烷基,芳基,杂环基或杂芳基,各自任选被一个或多个取代基取代;
X是NR4,C(R4)2或O;
Y是C=O或低级烷基;
R1是H,链烯基,Ar2或任选被Ar2取代的低级烷基,
各Ar2独立地是环烷基,芳基,杂环基或杂芳基,各自任选被一个或多个取代基取代;
各R2独立地选自H,(CH2)mC(O)OR4,(CH2)mC(O)Ar3,(CH2)mC(O)NR4R5,(CH2)mC(O)N(OR4)R5,(CH2)mCH2OR4,Ar3,(CH2)nAr3,(CH2)nNR4R5,或(CH2)mAr3;
各R4独立地选自H或低级烷基;
各R5独立地选自H,低级烷基或(CH2)pAr3;
m是1或2;
n是2或3;
p是0或1;
各Ar3是环烷基,芳基,杂环基或杂芳基,各自任选被一个或多个取代基取代;
Ar1、Ar2和Ar3的每一个取代基独立地选自卤素,CN,NO2,OR6,SR6,S(O)2OR6,NR6R7,环烷基,C1-C2全氟烷基,C1-C2全氟烷氧基,1,2-亚甲基二氧基,C(O)OR6,C(O)NR6R7,OC(O)NR6R7,NR6C(O)NR6R7,C(NR6)NR6R7,NR6C(NR7)NR6R7,S(O)2NR6R7,R8,C(O)R8,NR6C(O)R8,S(O)R8,或S(O)2R8;
各R6独立地选自氢或低级烷基,所述低级烷基任选被一个或多个独立地选自卤素,OH,C1-C4烷氧基,NH2,C1-C4烷基氨基,C1-C4二烷基氨基或C3-C6环烷基中的取代基取代;
各R7独立地选自氢,(CH2)qAr4或低级烷基,所述低级烷基任选被一个或多个独立地选自卤素,OH,C1-C4烷氧基,NH2,C1-C4烷基氨基,C1-C4二烷基氨基或C3-C6环烷基中的取代基取代;
各R8独立地选自(CH2)qAr4或低级烷基,所述低级烷基任选被一个或多个独立地选自卤素,OH,C1-C4烷氧基,NH2,C1-C4烷基氨基,C1-C4二烷基氨基或C3-C6环烷基中的取代基取代;
各Ar4独立地选自C3-C6环烷基、芳基或杂芳基,各自任选被一到三个独立地选自卤素,OH,C1-C4烷氧基,NH2,C1-C4烷基氨基,C1-C4二烷基氨基或C3-C6环烷基中的取代基取代;和
q是0或1。
另一个方面是本文通式的任何化合物(包括它们的结合物):
其中,R3是Ar1,R1是Ar2;
其中,
R3独立地是芳基或杂芳基,各自任选被一个或多个取代基取代;和
R1独立地是芳基或杂芳基,各自任选被一个或多个取代基取代;
其中R2是(CH2)mC(O)OR4,(CH2)mC(O)Ar3或(CH2)mC(O)NR4R5;
其中R2是(CH2)mAr3,Ar3是各自任选被一个或多个取代基取代的芳基或杂芳基;
其中R2是(CH2)mC(O)NR4R5,R5独立地是(CH2)pAr3,其中Ar3是各自任选被一个或多个取代基取代的芳基或杂芳基;
其中R2是(CH2)nNR4R5或(CH2)mAr3;或
其中,通式I的化合物是在本文表格中的任何化合物。
另一个方面是包括本文的任何通式化合物和药学可接受的载体的组合物。该组合物可以进一步包括其它治疗剂。
另一个方面是治疗需要这种治疗的患者的疾病或疾病症状的方法,所述方法包括将有效量的这里的任何通式化合物(或其组合物)给药于患者。该疾病或疾病症状可以由钙通道Cav2(例如Cav2.2)调节。该疾病或疾病症状可以是心绞痛,高血压,充血性心力衰竭,心肌缺血,心律不齐,糖尿病,尿失禁,中风,疼痛,脑外伤或神经元病症。
另一个方面是调节(例如,抑制,激动,拮抗)钙通道活性的方法,该方法包括让钙通道与本文任何通式化合物(或它的组合物)接触。
其它方面是调节患者钙通道Cav2活性的方法,该方法包括将治疗有效量的本文任何通式化合物(或它的组合物)给药于患者。
在其它方面,本发明涉及包括本文任何通式化合物、其它治疗剂和药学可接受的载体的组合物。其它治疗剂可以是心血管疾病治疗剂和/或神经系统疾病治疗剂。神经系统疾病治疗剂是指周围神经系统(PNS)疾病治疗剂和/或中枢神经系统(CNS)疾病治疗剂。
本发明的又一个方面涉及治疗患有疾病或疾病症状(包括、但不限于心绞痛,高血压,充血性心力衰竭,心肌缺血,心律不齐,糖尿病,尿失禁,中风,疼痛,脑外伤或神经元病症)的患者(例如,哺乳动物,人,马,狗,猫)的方法。该方法包括将有效量的本文描述的化合物或产生这种效果的本文描述的组合物给药于患者(包括确定为需要这种治疗的患者)。确定需要这种治疗的患者可以是患者或卫生保健专业人员的判断,可以是主观的(例如看法)或客观的(例如通过试验或诊断方法测定)。
本发明的又一个方面涉及治疗患有离子通道介导的疾病或疾病症状(包括、但不限于心绞痛,高血压,充血性心力衰竭,心肌缺血,心律不齐,糖尿病,尿失禁,中风,疼痛,脑外伤或神经元病症)的患者(例如,哺乳动物,人,马,狗,猫)的方法。该方法包括将有效量的本文描述的化合物或产生这种效果的本文描述的组合物给药于患者(包括确定为需要这种治疗的患者)。确定需要这种治疗的患者可以是患者或卫生保健专业人员的判断,可以是主观的(例如看法)或客观的(例如通过试验或诊断方法测定)。
本发明还涉及制备本文所述的化合物的方法,该方法包括如在本文的流程图或实施例中所描述的任何反应或试剂。另外,该方法包括采用本文所述的任何一种中间化合物并且让它与一种或多种化学试剂在一个或多个步骤中反应,从而制备本文所述的化合物。
包装产品也是在本发明的范围内。包装产品包括容器,在该容器内的一种上述化合物和与该容器有关的并且指明了用于治疗与离子通道调节有关的疾病的化合物的给药的说明书(legend)(例如标签或插入物)。
在其它实施方案中,本文描述的化合物、组合物和方法是本文的表格中的任何化合物或包括它们的方法。
在以下的附图和说明中阐述了本发明的一个或多个实施方案的细节。本发明的其它特征、目的和优点可以从说明书和权利要求书中得出。
详细说明
本文所使用的术语“卤素”是指任何氟、氯、溴或碘基团。
术语“烷基”是指可以是直链或支链的烃链,含有指定数目的碳原子。例如,C1-C5表示该基团可以具有1-5(包含端值)个碳原子。术语“低级烷基”是指C1-C6烷基链。术语“芳烷基”是指其中烷基氢原子被芳基置换的结构部分。
术语“烷氧基”是指-O-烷基。术语“亚烷基”是指二价烷基(即,-R-)。术语“亚烷基二氧基”是指结构式-O-R-O-的二价物质,其中R表示亚烷基。
本文所使用的术语“环烷基”包括具有3-12个碳原子,优选3-8个碳,更优选3-6个碳的饱和和部分不饱和环烃基。
术语“芳基”是指6元单环或10-14元多环芳族烃环体系,其中每个环的0、1、2、3或4个原子可以被取代基取代。芳基的实例包括苯基、萘基等。
术语“杂环基”是指非芳族5-8元单环、8-12元双环或11-14元三环体系,如果是单环,具有1-3个杂原子,如果是双环,具有1-6个杂原子,或如果是三环,具有1-9个杂原子,所述杂原子选自O、N或S(例如碳原子和在单环、双环或三环的情况下分别为1-3,1-6或1-9个N、O或S杂原子),其中每一个环的0、1、2或3个原子可以被取代基取代。
术语“杂芳基”是指芳族5-8元单环,8-12元双环,或11-14元三环体系,如果是单环,具有1-3个杂原子,如果是双环,具有1-6个杂原子,或如果是三环,具有1-9个杂原子,所述杂原子选自O、N或S(例如碳原子和在单环、双环或三环的情况下分别为1-3,1-6或1-9个N、O或S杂原子),其中每一个环的0、1、2、3或4个原子可以被取代基取代。
术语“氧代”是指氧原子,当连接于碳时它形成了羰基,当连接于氮时,形成了N-氧化物,而当连接于硫时,形成了亚砜或砜。
术语“酰基”是指烷基羰基,环烷基羰基,芳基羰基,杂环基羰基,或杂芳基羰基取代基,所有这些基团可以进一步被取代基取代。
术语“取代基”是指在烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂环基或杂芳基的任何原子上取代的基团。适合的取代基非限制性地包括卤素,CN,NO2,OR5,SR5,S(O)2OR5,NR5R6,C1-C2全氟烷基,C1-C2全氟烷氧基,1,2-亚甲基二氧基,C(O)OR5,C(O)NR5R6,OC(O)NR5R6,NR5C(O)NR5R6,C(NR6)NR5R6,NR5C(NR6)NR5R6,S(O)2NR5R6,R7,C(O)R7,NR5C(O)R7,S(O)R7,或S(O)2R7。各R5独立地是氢,C1-C4烷基或C3-C6环烷基。各R6独立地是氢,C3-C6环烷基,芳基,杂环基,杂芳基,C1-C4烷基或被C3-C6环烷基、芳基、杂环基或杂芳基取代的C1-C4烷基。各R7独立地是C3-C6环烷基,芳基,杂环基,杂芳基,C1-C4烷基或被C3-C6环烷基、芳基、杂环基或杂芳基取代的C1-C4烷基。在每一个R5、R6和R7中的各个C3-C6环烷基、芳基、杂环基、杂芳基和C1-C4烷基可以任选被卤素、CN、C1-C4烷基、OH、C1-C4烷氧基、NH2、C1-C4烷基氨基、C1-C4二烷基氨基、C1-C2全氟烷基,C1-C2全氟烷氧基或1,2-亚甲基二氧基中的取代基取代。
在一个方面,在基团上的取代基独立地是氢,羟基,卤素,硝基,SO3H,三氟甲基,三氟甲氧基,烷基(C1-C6直链或支化),烷氧基(C1-C6直链或支化),O-苄基,O-苯基,苯基,1,2-亚甲基二氧基,羧基,吗啉基,哌啶基,氨基或OC(O)NR5R6。R5和R6各自如以上所述。
术语“治疗”或“治疗的”是指将本文所述的化合物给药于患者,目的是治疗、治愈、减轻、缓解、改变、纠正、改善、改良或影响疾病、疾病的症状或患病的倾向。
“有效量”是指对治疗的患者提供治疗效果的化合物的量。治疗效果可以是客观的(即,可通过一些试验或标记物来测定)或主观的(即,患者给出了效果的指示或感觉到了效果)。上述化合物的有效量可以是大约0.1mg/Kg到大约500mg/Kg。有效剂量也根据给药的途径以及与其它药剂共同使用的可能性而变化。
这里描绘了可用于所述组合物和方法的代表性化合物:
表1A
表1B
表1C
表1D
表1E
表1F
表1G
离子通道调节化合物可以通过体外(例如细胞或非细胞型)和体内方法来鉴定。这些方法的代表性例子在本文的实施例中描述。
本发明所设想的取代基和变量的组合仅仅是导致稳定化合物形成的那些。本文所使用的术语“稳定的”是指化合物的稳定性足以允许制造且保持该化合物的完整性达足够的时间,以便用于本文详细描述的目的(例如治疗性或预防性给药于患者)。
本文所述的化合物可以采用如以下反应路线所示的常规方法合成。在这里的反应路线中,除非明确有相反的规定,化学式中的变量如在本文的其它化学式中所定义的那样。例如,除了在反应路线中另有规定以外,反应路线中的Ar1、Ar3、R1、R3和R4如对于本文的任何化学式那样定义。
反应路线1
乙酯(I)用肼在溶剂(例如乙醇)中处理,获得酰肼(II)。(II)用硫代异氰酸酯(III)在含水碱性条件下处理,获得三唑硫酮(IV)。N-烷基化三唑(V1a)由(IV)与3-溴-丙酸酯或4-溴-丁酸酯(V)的反应制备。酯(VIa)的皂化获得了羧酸(VIb)。
反应路线2
另外,三唑(IV)通过以下程序来制备。二乙氧基乙酸乙酯(VII)用肼在溶剂(例如乙醇)中处理,获得酰肼(VIII)。(VIII)用硫代异氰酸酯(III)在含水碱性条件下处理,获得三唑(IX),进而在含水酸性条件下获得醛(X)。(X)和胺(XI)的还原胺化获得(IV)。
反应路线3
羧酸(VIb)与适当取代的胺在标准偶联工序下的反应提供了所需的酰胺(VII)。该酰胺在普通还原条件下(例如二硼烷或氢化铝锂)还原,获得相应的胺(VIII)。或者,(VIb)用Weinreb试剂处理,获得酰胺(IX)。酰胺(IX)在标准条件下用有机金属试剂(例如芳基锂或芳基镁卤化物)处理,获得酮(X)。所述酮在各种条件下还原,获得所需的产物(XI)。
反应路线4
酯(VIa)在标准还原条件下(例如氢化铝锂)处理,获得醇(XII)。(XII)在标准醚形成条件下(例如,NaH,苄基溴)处理,获得(XIII)。
反应路线5
获取杂芳基衍生物的一种替代途径是让(VIb)的活化酸与适当的底物反应,随后环化,获得所需的产物。例如,如反应路线5所示,(VIb)的活化酸与苯-1,2-二胺的反应提供了中间体酰胺(VIV),后者进行环化,获得苯并咪唑衍生物(XV)。
合成的化合物可以从反应混合物中分离,进一步通过诸如柱色谱法、高压液相色谱法或再结晶之类的方法来提纯。如本领域技术人员所了解的那样,合成这里的通式化合物的其它方法是本领域那些普通技术人员所显而易见的。另外,各个合成步骤可以按交替的(alternate)顺序或次序进行,以获得所需的化合物。可用于合成本文所述的化合物的合成化学转化和保护基方法(保护和去保护)在本领域中是已知的,例如包括在R.Larock,“综合有机转化(Comprehensive OrganicTransformations)”,第2版,Wiley-VCH Publishers(1999);T.W.Greene和P.G.M.Wuts,“有机合成中的保护基(Protective Groups inOrganic Synthesis)”,第3版,John Wiley and Sons(1999);L.Fieser和M.Fieser,“用于有机合成的Fieser试剂(Fieser and Fieser′sReagents for Organic Synthesis)”,John Wiley and Sons(1999);以及L.Paquette,ed.,“有机合成试剂百科全书(Encyclopedia ofReagents for Organic Synthesis)”,John Wiley and Sons(1995),以及它们的后续版本中所述的那些方法。
本发明的化合物可以含有一个或多个非对称中心和因此作为外消旋体或外消旋混合物、单一对映体、单一非对映体和非对映体混合物存在。这些化合物的所有这些异构体形式明确地包括在本发明中。本发明的化合物还可以用多种互变异构形式表示,在这些情况下,本明确特意地包括本文所述的化合物的所有互变异构形式(例如,环体系的烷基化可以导致多个位置的烷基化,本发明明确地包括所有这些反应产物)。这些化合物的所有这些异构体形式明确地包括在本发明中。本文所述的化合物的所有晶体形式明确地包括在本发明中。
这里所使用的本发明的化合物,包括本文所述的化学式的化合物,被定义为包括它们的药学可接受的衍生物或前药。“药学可接受的衍生物或前药”是指本发明的化合物的任何药学可接受的盐、酯、酯的盐或其它衍生物,在给药于受者时,能够(直接或间接)提供本发明的化合物。尤其有利的衍生物和前药是当这些化合物给药于哺乳动物时增加本发明的化合物的生物利用率(例如通过使口服化合物更容易吸收到血液中)或者与母体物质相比能增强母体化合物输送到生物区室(例如大脑或淋巴系统)的那些。优选的前药包括其中增强水溶性或活性成分通过肠膜输送的基团被连接于本文所述化学式的结构上的衍生物。例如,参见Alexander,J.等人,“药物化学杂志(Journalof Medicinal Chemistry)”1988,31,318-322;Bundgaard,H.“前药设计(Design of Prodrugs)”;Elsevier:Amsterdam,1985;第1-92页;Bundgaard,H.;Nielsen,N.M.“药物化学杂志(Journal of MedicinalChemistry)”1987,30,451-454;Bundgaard,H.A“药物设计和开发教程(A Textbook of Drug Design and Development)”;HarwoodAcademic Publ.:Switzerland,1991;第113-191页;Digenis,G.A.等人,“实验药理学手册(Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology)”1975,28,86-112;Friis,G.J.;Bundgaard,H.A“药物设计和开发教程(A Textbook of Drug Design and Development)”;第2版;OverseasPubl.:Amsterdam,1996;第351-385页;Pitman,I.H.“药物研究评述(Medicinal Research Reviews)”1981,1,189-214;Sinkula,A.A.;Yalkowsky.“药物学杂志(Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences)”1975,64,181-210;Verbiscar,A.J.;Abood,L.G“药物化学杂志(Journalof Medicinal Chemistry)”1970,13,1176-1179;Stella,V.J.;Himmelstein,K.J.“药物化学杂志(Journal of Medicinal Chemistry)”1980,23,1275-1282;Bodor,N.;Kaminski,J.J.“药物化学年度报告(Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry)”1987,22,303-313。
本发明的化合物可以通过连接适当的官能团来改性,以增强选择性生物学性能。这种改性是本领域已知的,包括增加至既定生物学腔室(例如血液、淋巴系统、神经系统)的生物学渗透,增加口服利用度,增加溶解性以允许注射给药,改变代谢和改变排泄速率的那些改性。
本发明的化合物的药学可接受的盐包括由药学可接受的无机和有机酸和碱衍生的那些。适合的酸盐的实例包括醋酸盐,己二酸盐,海藻酸盐,天冬氨酸盐,苯甲酸盐,苯磺酸盐,硫酸氢盐,丁酸盐,柠檬酸盐,樟脑酸盐,樟脑磺酸盐,二葡萄糖酸盐,十二烷基硫酸盐,乙烷磺酸盐,甲酸盐,富马酸盐,葡庚糖酸盐,乙醇酸盐,半硫酸盐,庚酸盐,己酸盐,盐酸盐,氢溴酸盐,氢碘酸盐,2-羟基乙烷磺酸盐,乳酸盐,马来酸盐,丙二酸盐,甲磺酸盐,2-萘磺酸盐,烟酸盐,硝酸盐,棕榈酸盐,果胶酸盐,过硫酸盐,3-苯基丙酸盐,磷酸盐,苦味酸盐,新戊酸盐,丙酸盐,水杨酸盐,琥珀酸盐,硫酸盐,酒石酸盐,硫氰酸盐,甲苯磺酸盐和十一烷酸盐。其它酸,例如草酸,虽然本身不是药学可接受的,但可以用来制备在获取本发明的化合物和它们的药学可接受的酸加成盐中用作中间体的盐。由适当的碱获得的盐包括碱金属(例如钠)盐,碱土金属(例如镁)盐,铵盐和N-(烷基)4 +盐。本发明还设想了本文所公开的化合物的任何碱性含氮基团的季铵化。水或油溶性或油分散性产物可以通过这种季铵化来获得。
本文所述的化学式的化合物例如可以通过注射、静脉内、动脉内、皮下(subdermally)、腹膜内、肌内或皮下;或口服、口腔含化、经鼻、经粘膜、局部、在眼科制剂中或通过吸入来给药,剂量为大约0.5到大约100mg/kg的体重,或者,剂量为1mg-1000mg/一剂药,每4-120小时,或者根据特定药物的要求。本文所述的方法设想了给药有效量的化合物或化合物组合物,以获得所需或规定的效果。通常,本发明的药物组合物每日给药大约1到大约6次,或者连续输入。这种给药可以用作慢性或急性治疗。可以与载体材料合并以形成单次剂量形式的活性成分的量根据所要治疗的主体和特定的给药方式来变化。典型的制剂含有大约5到大约95%活性化合物(w/w)。或者,此类制剂含有大约20到大约80%活性化合物。
可能需要比上述那些更低或更高的剂量。任何特定的患者的具体剂量和治疗方案将取决于多种因素,包括所使用的具体化合物的活性,年龄,体重,一般健康状况,性别,饮食,给药时间,排泄速率,药物组合,疾病、病症或症状的严重性和过程,患者对疾病、病症或症状的易感性(disposition)以及治疗医师的判断。
在改善患者的病症时,如果必要,可以给药维持剂量的本发明的化合物、组合物或结合物。随后,根据症状,给药的剂量或频率或二者可以减低至保持改善病症的水平,当症状已经减轻到期望的水平时,应该停止治疗。然而,在疾病症状复发时,患者可能需要长期间歇治疗。
本文所述的组合物包括有效调节疾病或疾病症状(包括离子通道介导的疾病或症状)的量的本文描述的化学式的化合物以及其它治疗剂(如果存在的话)。包括其它治疗剂的实例的参考文献是:1)“Burger’s药物化学与药物发现(Burger′s Medicinal Chemistry & DrugDiscovery)”第6版,Alfred Burger,Donald J.Abraham,ed.,第1-6卷,Wiley Interscience Publication,NY,2003;2)“离子通道和疾病(Ion Channels and Disease)”,Francis M.Ashcroft,Academic Press,NY,2000;和3)“临床医学中的钙拮抗剂(Calcium Antagonists inClinical Medicine)”第3版,Murray Epstein,MD,FACP,ed.,Hanley & Belfus,Inc.,Philadelphia,PA,2002。其它治疗剂包括、但不限于治疗心血管病(例如,高血压,心绞痛等),代谢疾病(例如,X综合症,糖尿病,肥胖病),疼痛(例如,剧痛,炎症性疼痛,神经性疼痛,偏头痛等),肾脏或泌尿生殖系统疾病(例如,肾小球性肾炎,尿失禁,肾病综合征),异常细胞生长(例如,肿瘤,纤维化疾病),神经系统病(例如,癫痫,中风,偏头痛,脑外伤或神经元病症等),呼吸道疾病(例如,哮喘,COPD,肺动脉高压)和它们的疾病症状的药剂。治疗心血管病和疾病症状的其它治疗剂的实例包括、但不限于抗高血压药,ACE抑制剂,血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂,抑制素,β受体阻断剂,抗氧化剂,抗炎药,抗血栓形成药,抗凝剂或抗心率失常药。治疗代谢疾病和疾病症状的其它治疗剂的实例包括、但不限于ACE抑制剂,血管紧张素II拮抗药,fibrates,噻唑烷二酮或磺酰脲抗糖尿病药物。治疗疼痛及其症状的其它治疗剂的实例包括、但不限于非甾族抗炎药物(“NSAIDS”,例如,阿斯匹林,布洛芬,氟鲁咪唑,对乙酰氨基酚等),阿片样物质(例如,吗啡,芬太尼,氧可酮)以及诸如加巴喷丁,齐考诺肽,曲马多,美沙芬,卡马西平,拉莫三嗪,巴氯芬或辣椒碱之类的药剂。治疗肾和/或泌尿生殖综合症及其症状的其它治疗剂的实例包括、但不限于α1肾上腺素能拮抗剂(例如,多沙唑嗪),抗毒蕈碱药(例如托特罗定),去甲肾上腺素/5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(例如,度洛西汀),三环抗抑郁剂(例如,多虑平,去甲丙咪嗪)或类固醇类。治疗异常细胞生长综合症及其症状的其它治疗剂的实例包括、但不限于抗细胞因子治疗剂(例如,抗肿瘤坏死因子和抗IL-1生物制剂,p38 MAPK抑制剂),内皮肽-1拮抗药或干细胞治疗剂(例如,祖细胞)。治疗中风疾病及其症状的其它治疗剂的实例包括、但不限于神经保护剂和抗凝血剂(例如,阿替普酶(TPA),阿昔单抗)。治疗癫痫及其症状的其它治疗剂的实例包括、但不限于GABA同型物,乙内酰脲类,巴比妥酸盐,苯基三嗪类,琥珀酰亚胺类,丙戊酸,卡马西平,falbamate和leveracetam。治疗偏头痛的其它治疗剂的实例包括、但不限于5-羟色胺/5-HT受体激动剂(例如,舒马曲坦等)。治疗呼吸道疾病及其症状的其它治疗剂的实例包括但不限于抗胆碱能药(例如,噻托溴铵tiotropium),类固醇,消炎药,抗细胞因子药或PDE抑制剂。
术语“药学可接受的载体或助剂”是指可以与本发明的化合物一起给药于患者以及在以足够输送治疗量的所述化合物的剂量给药时不破坏其药理学活性且无毒的载体或助剂。
可以在本发明的药物组合物中使用的药理学可接受的载体、助剂和赋型剂包括、但不限于离子交换剂,氧化铝,硬脂酸铝,卵磷脂,自乳化药物输送系统(SEDDS),例如d-α-生育酚聚乙二醇1000丁二酸酯,用于药物剂型的表面活性剂,例如吐温或其它类似聚合物输送基质,血清蛋白,例如人血清白蛋白,缓冲物质例如磷酸盐,甘氨酸,山梨酸,山梨酸钾,饱和植物脂肪酸的部分甘油酯混合物,水,盐或电解质,例如硫酸鱼精蛋白,磷酸氢二钠,磷酸氢钾,氯化钠,锌盐,胶体硅石,三硅酸镁,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,纤维素类物质,聚乙二醇,羧甲基纤维素钠,聚丙烯酸酯,蜡类,聚乙烯-聚氧化丙烯嵌段聚合物,聚乙二醇和羊毛脂。环糊精例如α-、β-和γ-环糊精,或化学改性衍生物例如羟烷基环糊精,包括2-和3-羟丙基-β-环糊精,或其它增溶衍生物也可以有利地用于提高本文所述化学式的化合物的输送。
本发明的药物组合物可以口服给药、胃肠外给药、喷雾吸入、局部给药、经直肠给药、经鼻给药、口腔含化给药、经阴道给药或经植入的储器给药,优选口服给药或注射给药。本发明的药物组合物可以含有任何常规的无毒性药学可接受的载体、助剂或赋型剂。在某些情况下,制剂的pH可以用药学可接受的酸、碱或缓冲剂调节,以增强配制化合物或其输送形式的稳定性。这里所使用的术语胃肠外包括皮下,皮内,静脉内,肌内,关节内,动脉内,滑膜内,胸骨内,鞘内,病变内和颅内的注射或输液技术。
该药物组合物可以是无菌的可注射制剂,例如,作为无菌的可注射的水性或油性悬浮液。该悬浮液可以根据本领域已知的技术使用适合的分散剂或润湿剂(例如吐温80)和悬浮剂配制。无菌的可注射制剂还可以是在无毒的胃肠外可接受的稀释剂或溶剂中的无菌的可注射的溶液或悬浮液,例如作为1,3-丁二醇溶液。可以使用的可接受的赋型剂和溶剂包括甘露醇、水、林格氏液和等渗氯化钠溶液。另外,无菌的固定油类通常被用作溶剂或悬浮介质。为此,可以使用任何温和的固定油,包括合成甘油一酯或甘油二酯在内。脂肪酸,比如油酸及其甘油酯衍生物可用于制备可注射剂,药学上可接受的天然油类,比如橄榄油或蓖麻油,特别是它们的聚氧乙烯化变体也可用于制备可注射剂。这些油溶液或悬浮液还可以含有长链醇类稀释剂或分散剂,或羧甲基纤维素或类似分散剂,它们通常用于配制药物学上可接受的剂型比如乳剂和/或悬浮液。还可以使用其它常用的表面活性剂例如吐温或司盘类和/或通常用于制造药物学上可接受的固体、液体或其它剂型的其它类似乳化剂或生物利用率增强剂来配制。
本发明的药物组合物可以按任何口服可接受的剂型口服给药,这些剂型包括、但不限于胶囊剂,片剂,乳剂和水悬浮液,分散体和溶液。在口服用片剂的情况下,通常使用的载体包括乳糖和玉米淀粉。通常还添加润滑剂,比如硬脂酸镁。对于口服的胶囊剂型,有用的稀释剂包括乳糖和干燥的玉米淀粉。当口服给药水悬浮液和/或乳剂时,该活性成分可以悬浮或溶解于油相中,与乳化剂和/或悬浮剂合并。如果需要,可以添加某些甜味剂和/或香料和/或着色剂。
本发明的药物组合物还可以用于直肠给药的栓剂的形式应用。这些组合物能够通过将本发明的化合物与适合的无刺激性的赋形剂混合来制备,所述赋形剂在室温下为固体,但在直肠温度下为液体,因此将在直肠中融化,从而释放出活性成分。这种原料包括、但不限于可可脂,蜂蜡和聚乙二醇。
当所需的治疗涉及容易通过局部施用达到的区域或器官时,本发明的药物组合物可以局部给药。为了局部给药于皮肤,该药物组合物应该配制成活性成分悬浮或溶解于载体中的适合的软膏。本发明的化合物局部给药用的载体包括、不限于矿物油,液体石蜡(Iiquidpetroleum),白矿蜡(white petroleum),丙二醇,聚氧化乙烯聚氧化丙烯化合物,乳化蜡和水。另外,该药物组合物能够配制为其中活性化合物用适合的乳化剂悬浮或溶解于载体中的适合的洗液或霜剂。适合的载体包括、但不限于矿物油,单硬脂酸山梨糖醇酐酯,吐温60,十六烷基酯蜡,十六烷基醇十八烷基醇(cetearyl alcohol),2-辛基十二烷醇,苄醇和水。本发明的该药物组合物还可以通过直肠栓剂或在适合的灌肠剂中局部施用于下部肠道。本发明还包括局部透皮贴片。
本发明的药物组合物可以通过鼻用气溶胶或吸入来给药。这种组合物根据药物配制领域中众所周知的技术来制备,并且可以作为使用苄醇或其它适合的防腐剂,增强生物利用率的吸收促进剂,碳氟化合物和/或本领域已知的其它增溶剂或分散剂作为在盐水中的溶液制备。
含有这里的化学式的化合物和其它作用剂(例如治疗剂)的组合物可以使用可植入的装置来给药。可植入的装置和相关技术是本领域已知的,在需要连续或定时释放输送本文所述的化合物或组合物的情况下,用作输送体系。另外,可植入的装置输送体系可用于化合物或组合物输送的特定位置的定靶(例如局部化位置,器官)。Negrin等人,Biomaterials,22(6):563(2001)。在本发明中还可以使用包括可供选择的输送方法的定时释放技术。例如,基于聚合物技术、持续释放技术和胶囊包封技术(例如聚合物,脂质体)的定时释放制剂还可以用于输送这里描述的化合物和组合物。
用于输送这里的活性化学治疗结合物的贴片也是在本发明的范围内。贴片包括材料层(例如,聚合物,布料,薄纱,绷带)和本文所描述的化学式的化合物。材料层的一侧能够具有附着于它的保护层,以防止化合物或组合物的通过。该贴片能够另外包括粘合剂,用于将该贴片保持在患者身上的适当位置。粘合剂是一种组合物,包括自然或合成来源的那些,当与患者的皮肤接触时,暂时附着于皮肤。它能够是耐水的。该粘合剂能够置于贴片上,以便保持它与患者的皮肤长时间接触。该粘合剂能够产生粘性或者粘合强度,这样,它将该装置固定于临时接触的位置,然而,在确认行为(例如撕下、剥离或其它有意的去除)之后,该粘合剂服从施加于该装置或粘合剂本身的外部压力,从而可以破坏该粘合接触。该粘合剂能够是压敏材料,也就是说,它能够通过在粘合剂或装置上施加压力(例如,推压,摩擦)将该粘合剂(和所要附着于皮肤的装置)定位在皮肤上。
当本发明的组合物包括本文所述的化学式的化合物和一种或多种其它治疗剂或预防药的结合物时,所述化合物和附加药剂应该以在单次治疗方案(monotherapy regimen)中正常给药的剂量的大约1-100%,更优选大约5-95%的剂量水平存在。附加药剂可以与本发明的化合物分开给药,作为多次给药方案的一部分。另外,那些药剂可以是单次剂型的一部分,与本发明的化合物一起在单一组合物中混合。
以下通过实施例进一步说明本发明。应该理解的是,这些实施例仅用于说明的目的,决不被认为是本发明的限制。
实施例1
卵母细胞试验
在基本上如Neuron 1997年1月,18(11):153-166,Lin等人;J.Neurosci.2000年7月1日,20(13):4768-75,J.Pan和D.Lipsombe;以及J.Neurosci.,2001年8月15日,21(16):5944-5951,W.Xu和D.Lipscombe中所述的试验中,采用非洲蟾蜍(Xenopus)卵母细胞异源表达系统,根据对钙通道靶的活性筛选这里的通式的代表性化合物。对多种钙通道(例如Cav2.2亚族)进行试验,从而测定每一种化合物的钙通道调节。表2含有本发明中公开的代表化合物的IC50。
表2
实施例 | IC50(μM) |
1 | 2.7 |
9 | 3.0 |
30 | 401 |
56 | 5.6 |
实施例2
HEK试验
按照与FuGENE 6 Package Insert Version 7,2002年4月,印第安纳州印第安纳波利斯Roche Applied Science中所述的类似方式瞬时转染HEK-293T/17细胞。这些细胞以2.5×105细胞、2mL的量在6孔板上平板接种,放入孵育器中过夜,获得了30-40%融合。在小的无菌管内添加足够的无血清介质作为FuGENE转染试剂的稀释剂(RocheApplied Science,印第安纳州印第安纳波利斯),达到100μL的总体积。将3μL的FuGENE 6试剂直接加入到该介质中。将该混合物轻轻拍打,以便进行混合。将2μg的DNA溶液(0.8-2.0μg/μL)加入到从以上获得的预稀释的FuGENE 6试剂中。将DNA/Fugene 6混合物用移液管轻轻抽吸,以混合内容物,在室温下孵育大约15分钟。然后将该复杂混合物加入到HEK-293T/17细胞中,在孔周围分布,旋转,确保均匀分散。这些细胞返回到孵育器中,并保持24小时。转染的细胞然后以2.5×105的密度在35mm皿内用5个玻璃盖片再平板接种,在低血清(1%)介质中生长24小时。具有分离细胞的盖片然后转移到室内,由瞬时转染的HEK-293T/17细胞记录钙通道(例如L类,N类等)流或其它流,用于反向筛选。
基本上如Thompson和Wong,(1991)J.Physiol.,439:671-689所述,使用膜片夹技术的全细胞电压钳结构来评价电压依赖的钙流。为了记录评价化合物的抑制效力(稳态浓度响应分析)的钙通道(例如L型,N型等)流,从-100mV的维持电位起始,以每30秒5Hz输送5个脉冲的20-30ms电压阶跃,达到大约+10mV(电流电压相互关系的峰值)。基本上如Sah DW和Bean BP(1994)Mol Pharmacol.45(1):84-92所述进行化合物评价。
实施例3
福尔马林试验
在福尔马林试验中筛选这里的通式的代表性化合物的活性。福尔马林试验广泛用作急性和紧张性炎症疼痛的模型(Dubuisson &Dennis,1977 Pain 4:161-174;Wheeler-Aceto等人,1990,Pain40:229-238;Coderre等人,1993,Pain 52:259-285)。该试验包括将稀的福尔马林溶液给药于大鼠后爪,随后在福尔马林响应的“晚期”(注射后11-60分钟)监视行为征象(即,畏缩,咬和舔),这些征象同时反映了周围神经活动和中枢敏感。使用体重大约225-300g的雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠(Harlan,印第安纳州印第安纳波利斯),每一处理组的只数为n=6-8。
取决于药物动力学分布和给药途径,在施用福尔马林之前30-120分钟通过腹膜内或口服途径,将赋型剂或一定剂量的试验化合物给药于每只大鼠。在施用福尔马林之前,将每只动物在试验室中适应60分钟,其中施用福尔马林是使用300μL微型注射器和29号针头将50μL的5%溶液皮下注射到一只后爪的脚底面。将一面镜子成角度设置在试验室的后面,以加强观察动物的爪。在福尔马林施用后,记录每只大鼠每5分钟内的连续2分钟的畏缩的次数(爪上举,有或没有快速爪抖动)和咬和/或舔损伤的后爪所用的时间,总共达60分钟。采集末梢血样,用于分析血浆化合物浓度。采用单向方差分析(ANOVA)进行早期或晚期的畏缩总次数或咬和/或舔所用的时间的组间比较。
对本文通式的代表性化合物的钙通道靶的活性进行评价。
实施例4
化合物1
3-[3-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-5-硫代-4-对甲苯基-4,5-二氢-[1,2,4]三唑-1-基]-丙酸乙酯
反应路线5
部分1. 5-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-4-对甲苯基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-硫醇的制备
将2-甲氧基苯酰肼(7.0gm,42mmol)和异硫氰酸对甲苯酯(6.3gm,42mmol)在乙醇(100mL)中的混合物在回流下加热1小时,然后冷却。将反应混合物过滤,滤饼用冷乙醇(50mL)洗涤。将该滤饼溶解在2N氢氧化钠水溶液(100mL)中,加热过夜,然后冷却。该溶液用6N盐酸中和,用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机物干燥,在真空下浓缩,获得白色固体。固体用乙醇(100mL)研磨,获得白色固体状的5-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-4-对甲苯基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-硫醇(11gm,37mmol)。
部分2. 3-[3-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-5-硫代-4-对甲苯基-4,5-二氢-[1,2,4]三唑-1-基]-丙酸乙酯的制备
在室温下,向5-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-4-对甲苯基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-硫醇(0.9gm,30.3mmol)在DMF(100mL)中的溶液添加双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基化锂在THF(30.3mL)中的1M溶液和3-溴丙酸乙酯(5.48g,30.3mmol)。将该混合物在60℃下加热1小时,再冷却到室温。该混合物用水骤冷,用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机物干燥,在真空下浓缩。残留物通过硅石(silica)柱层析(在正己烷中的20%乙酸乙酯)提纯,获得透明油状的3-[3-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-5-硫代-4-对甲苯基-4,5-二氢-[1,2,4]三唑-1-基]-丙酸乙酯(10.08g,25.4mmol)。
化合物2
3-[3-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-5-硫代-4-对甲苯基-4,5-二氢-[1,2,4]三唑-1-基]-1-吗啉-4-基-丙-1-酮
反应路线6
部分1. 3-[3-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-5-硫代-4-对甲苯基-4,5-二氢-[1,2,4]三唑-1-基]-1-丙酸的制备
将3-[3-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-5-硫代-4-对甲苯基-4,5-二氢-[1,2,4]三唑-1-基]-1-丙酸乙酯(10.08g,25.4mmol)和氢氧化锂水合物(1.28g,30.48mmol)的混合物溶解于1,4-二烷∶水(4/1∶v/v)中,并且在室温下搅拌3小时。将反应混合物用2N HCl水溶液中和,再用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机物干燥,在真空下浓缩,获得白色固体状的3-[3-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-5-硫代-4-对甲苯基-4,5-二氢-[1,2,4]三唑-1-基]-1-丙酸(8.99g,24.4mmol)。
部分2. 3-[3-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-5-硫代-4-对甲苯基-4,5-二氢-[1,2,4]三唑-1-基]-1-吗啉-4-基-丙-1-酮的制备
向3-[3-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-5-硫代-4-对甲苯基-4,5-二氢-[1,2,4]三唑-1-基]-1-丙酸(0.50g,1.36mmol)、1-3-(二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(0.388g,2.03mmol)和吗啉(0.177g,2.03mmol)在THF(15mL)中的溶液在室温下搅拌过夜。该反应用水骤冷,用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机物干燥,在真空下浓缩。残留物通过硅石柱层析(在正己烷中的20%)提纯,获得白色固体状的3-[3-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-5-硫代-4-对甲苯基-4,5-二氢-[1,2,4]三唑-1-基]-1-吗啉-4-基-丙-1-酮(0.286g,0.65mmol)。
化合物3
2-[2-(1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)-乙基]-5-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-4-对甲苯基-2,4-二氢-[1,2,4]三唑-3-硫酮
反应路线7
部分1. 3-[3-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-5-硫代-4-对甲苯基-4,5-二氢-[1,2,4]三唑-1-基]-1-丙腈的制备
将5-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-4-对甲苯基-2,4-二氢-[1,2,4]三唑-3-硫酮(1.1g,3.7mmol)在二烷(6mL)中的混合物搅拌,添加Triton B(20滴)。将该混合物加热到70,添加丙腈(250mL,3.7mmol),再加热另外3小时。将该冷却的混合物在0.1N HCl(10mL)水溶液和乙酸乙酯(20mL)之间分配。有机层用水(10mL)和盐水(10mL)洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,在减压下除去溶剂,获得粘性黄色油。进行快速层析(SiO2,2∶3乙酸乙酯/己烷),获得白色泡沫状的3-[3-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-5-硫代-4-对甲苯基-4,5-二氢-[1,2,4]三唑-1-基]-1-丙腈(1g,2.8mmol)。
部分2. 3-[3-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-5-硫代-4-对甲苯基-4,5-二氢-[1,2,4]三唑-1-基]-1-丙亚胺酸乙酯的制备
将丙腈(0.5g,1.4mmol)在1∶1乙醇/乙醚(20mL)中的溶液在冰水浴中冷却,用10-20分钟将HCl(g)小心地鼓泡到该溶液中。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌2-4小时,在减压下除去溶剂,获得粘性黄色油状的3-[3-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-5-硫代-4-对甲苯基-4,5-二氢-[1,2,4]三唑-1-基]-1-丙亚胺酸乙酯。该油直接使用,不用提纯。
部分3. 2-[2-(1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)-乙基]-5-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-4-对甲苯基-2,4-二氢-[1,2,4]三唑-3-硫酮的制备
将该丙亚氨酸乙酯和苯-1,2-二胺(0.227g,2.1mmol)在乙醇(10mL)中的混合物在60℃下搅拌和加热过夜。在减压下除去溶剂,残留物在乙酸乙酯(20mL)和饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(10mL)之间分配。有机层用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,在减压下除去溶剂。进行快速层析(SiO2,1∶1乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷),获得无色油。将该油溶于甲醇(2mL),用2M HCl乙醚溶液(10mL)处理。在减压下除去溶剂,获得白色固体状的化合物3的一HCl盐(0.33g)。
化合物4
5-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-2-(2-吡啶-4-基-乙基)-4-对甲苯基-2,4-二氢-[1,2,4]三唑-3-硫酮
反应路线8
部分1. 5-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-2-(2-吡啶-4-基-乙基)-4-对甲苯基-2,4-二氢-[1,2,4]三唑-3-硫酮的制备
将5-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-4-对甲苯基-2,4-二氢-[1,2,4]三唑-3-硫酮(0.15g,0.50mmol)在乙醇(10mL)中的混合物搅拌,添加4-乙烯基吡啶(0.15g,1.0mmol)。将该混合物在回流下加热过夜,然后冷却。将该冷却的混合物在真空下浓缩,残留物用乙酸乙酯稀释。有机物用水(10mL)和盐水(10mL)洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,在减压下除去溶剂,获得粘性黄色油。进行快速层析(SiO2,20%乙酸乙酯/己烷),获得白色固体状的5-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-2-(2-吡啶-4-基-乙基)-4-对甲苯基-2,4-二氢-[1,2,4]三唑-3-硫酮(0.04g,0.09mmol)。
化合物5
1-(4-氯-苯基)-3-[3-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-5-硫代-4-对甲苯基-4,5-二氢-[1,2,4]三唑-1-基]-丙-1-酮
反应路线9
部分1. 1-(4-氯-苯基)-3-[3-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-5-硫代-4-对甲苯基-4,5-二氢-[1,2,4]三唑-1-基]-丙-1-酮的制备
在室温下,向5-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-4-对甲苯基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-硫醇(0.45g,1.5mmol)在DMF(10mL)中的溶液添加双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基化锂在THF(1.5mL)中的1M溶液和β-4-二氯丙酰苯(0.30g,1.5mmol)。将该混合物在60℃下加热1小时,然后冷却到室温。该混合物用水骤冷,用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机物干燥,在真空下浓缩。残留物通过硅石柱层析(在正己烷中的20%乙酸乙酯)提纯,获得白色固体状的1-(4-氯-苯基)-3-[3-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-5-硫代-4-对甲苯基-4,5-二氢-[1,2,4]三唑-1-基]-丙-1-酮(0.19g,0.41mmol)。
用所述通用反应路线,按照与以上所述类似的方式制备表中的化合物。
这里引用的所有参考文献(不管是印刷形式、电子读物形式、计算机可读存储介质形式还是其它形式)明确地全面引入供参考,包括、但不限于摘要、文章、杂志、出版物、课本、论文、互联网址、数据库、专利和专利出版物。
应该理解的是,虽然结合详细说明描述了本发明,但以上说明是举例性的,不限制本发明的范围,本发明的范围由所附权利要求书来限定。其它方面、优点和改造是在以下权利要求书的范围内。
Claims (17)
1.通式(I)的化合物或其药用盐:
其中,
R3是烷基,烷氧基烷基,Ar1或Ar1-X-Y,其中
各Ar1独立地是环烷基,芳基,杂环基或杂芳基,各自任选被一个或多个取代基取代;
X是NR4,C(R4)2或O;
Y是C=O或低级烷基;
R1是H,链烯基,Ar2或任选被Ar2取代的低级烷基,
各Ar2独立地是环烷基,芳基,杂环基或杂芳基,各自任选被一个或多个取代基取代;
各R2独立地选自H,(CH2)mC(O)OR4,(CH2)mC(O)Ar3,(CH2)mC(O)NR4R5,(CH2)mC(O)N(OR4)R5,(CH2)mCH2OR4,Ar3,(CH2)nNR4R5,或(CH2)mAr3;
各R4独立地选自H或低级烷基;
各R5独立地选自H,低级烷基或(CH2)pAr3;
m是1或2;
n是2或3;
p是0或1;
各Ar3是环烷基,芳基,杂环基或杂芳基,各自任选被一个或多个取代基取代;
Ar1、Ar2和Ar3的每一个取代基独立地选自卤素,CN,NO2,OR6,SR6,S(O)2OR6,NR6R7,环烷基,C1-C2全氟烷基,C1-C2全氟烷氧基,1,2-亚甲基二氧基,C(O)OR6,C(O)NR6R7,OC(O)NR6R7,NR6C(O)NR6R7,C(NR6)NR6R7,NR6C(NR7)NR6R7,S(O)2NR6R7,R8,C(O)R8,NR6C(O)R8,S(O)R8,或S(O)2R8;
各R6独立地选自氢或低级烷基,所述低级烷基任选被一个或多个独立地选自卤素,OH,C1-C4烷氧基,NH2,C1-C4烷基氨基,C1-C4二烷基氨基或C3-C6环烷基中的取代基取代;
各R7独立地选自氢,(CH2)qAr4或低级烷基,所述低级烷基任选被一个或多个独立地选自卤素,OH,C1-C4烷氧基,NH2,C1-C4烷基氨基,C1-C4二烷基氨基或C3-C6环烷基中的取代基取代;
各R8独立地选自(CH2)qAr4或低级烷基,所述低级烷基任选被一个或多个独立地选自卤素,OH,C1-C4烷氧基,NH2,C1-C4烷基氨基,C1-C4二烷基氨基或C3-C6环烷基中的取代基取代;
各Ar4独立地选自C3-C6环烷基、芳基或杂芳基,各自任选被一到三个独立地选自卤素,OH,C1-C4烷氧基,NH2,C1-C4烷基氨基,C1-C4二烷基氨基或C3-C6环烷基中的取代基取代;和
q是0或1。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中,其中,R3是Ar1和R1是Ar2。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的化合物,其中,
R3独立地是芳基或杂芳基,各自任选被一个或多个取代基取代;和
R1独立地是芳基或杂芳基,各自任选被一个或多个取代基取代。
4.如权利要求1-3的任一项所述的化合物,其中R2是(CH2)mC(O)OR4,(CH2)mC(O)Ar3或(CH2)mC(O)NR4R5。
5.如权利要求1-3的任一项所述的化合物,其中R2是(CH2)mAr3,Ar3是各自任选被一个或多个取代基取代的芳基或杂芳基。
6.如权利要求1-3的任一项所述的化合物,其中R2是(CH2)mC(O)NR4R5,R5独立地是(CH2)pAr3,其中Ar3是各自任选被一个或多个取代基取代的芳基或杂芳基。
7.如权利要求1-3的任一项所述的化合物,其中R2是(CH2)nNR4R5或(CH2)mAr3。
8.如权利要求1所述的化合物,该化合物是表1的化合物。
9.一种组合物,包括权利要求1中通式I的化合物和药学可接受的载体。
10.如权利要求9所述的组合物,进一步包括其它治疗剂。
11.治疗需要这种治疗的患者的疾病或疾病症状的方法,所述方法包括将有效量的权利要求1-6的任一项的化合物给药于患者。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述疾病或疾病症状由钙通道Cav2调节。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述疾病或疾病症状由钙通道Cav2.2调节。
14.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述疾病或疾病症状是心绞痛,高血压,充血性心力衰竭,心肌缺血,心律不齐,糖尿病,尿失禁,中风,疼痛,脑外伤或神经元病症。
15.调节钙通道活性的方法,所述方法包括让钙通道与权利要求1所述的通式I的化合物接触。
16.调节患者的钙通道Cav2活性的方法,该方法包括将治疗有效量的权利要求1-8的任一项的化合物给药于患者。
17.调节患者的钙通道Cav2活性的方法,该方法包括将治疗有效量的权利要求9的组合物给药于患者。
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DE102009028929A1 (de) | 2009-08-27 | 2011-07-07 | Bayer Schering Pharma Aktiengesellschaft, 13353 | Heterocyclisch-substituierte 2-Acetamido-5-Aryl-1,2,4-triazolone und deren Verwendung |
RS56312B1 (sr) | 2010-02-27 | 2017-12-29 | Bayer Ip Gmbh | Ariltriazoloni spojeni sa bis-arilom i njihova upotreba |
DE102010040187A1 (de) | 2010-09-02 | 2012-03-08 | Bayer Schering Pharma Aktiengesellschaft | Substituierte N-Phenethyl-triazolonacetamide und ihre Verwendung |
DE102010040924A1 (de) | 2010-09-16 | 2012-03-22 | Bayer Schering Pharma Aktiengesellschaft | Substituierte Phenylacet- und Phenylpropanamide und ihre Verwendung |
MA40893B1 (fr) | 2014-11-03 | 2018-11-30 | Bayer Pharma AG | Dérivés de phényltriazole à substitution hydroxyalkyle et utilisations associées |
US9988367B2 (en) | 2016-05-03 | 2018-06-05 | Bayer Pharma Aktiengesellschaft | Amide-substituted pyridinyltriazole derivatives and uses thereof |
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JPH05504969A (ja) * | 1990-02-13 | 1993-07-29 | メルク・エンド・カムパニー・インコーポレーテツド | 置換ベンジル要素を含有するアンギオテンシン2アンタゴニスト類 |
US5798374A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-08-25 | Sugen Inc. | Methods of inhibiting phosphatase activity and treatment of disorders associated therewith |
JP2001500475A (ja) * | 1996-07-12 | 2001-01-16 | マクギル ユニバーシティ | 細胞接着を調節するための化合物および方法 |
SE9802937D0 (sv) * | 1998-09-01 | 1998-09-01 | Astra Pharma Prod | Novel compounds |
AU2001231154A1 (en) * | 2000-01-24 | 2001-07-31 | Adherex Technologies Inc. | Peptidomimetic modulators of cell adhesion |
US6919342B2 (en) * | 2003-06-05 | 2005-07-19 | Abbott Gmbh & Co. Kg | Triazole compounds suitable for treating disorders that respond to modulation of the dopamine D3 receptor |
AU2005220911A1 (en) * | 2004-03-08 | 2005-09-22 | Wyeth | Ion channel modulators |
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2005
- 2005-03-07 WO PCT/US2005/007899 patent/WO2005097112A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-03-07 US US10/592,208 patent/US20080139560A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-03-07 CA CA002557721A patent/CA2557721A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-03-07 EP EP05735549A patent/EP1722788A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-03-07 JP JP2007502986A patent/JP2007527911A/ja active Pending
- 2005-03-07 AU AU2005231123A patent/AU2005231123A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-03-07 CN CNA2005800074061A patent/CN1933832A/zh active Pending
- 2005-03-07 BR BRPI0508522-5A patent/BRPI0508522A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
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EP1722788A2 (en) | 2006-11-22 |
EP1722788A4 (en) | 2008-02-13 |
WO2005097112A3 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
JP2007527911A (ja) | 2007-10-04 |
AU2005231123A1 (en) | 2005-10-20 |
CA2557721A1 (en) | 2005-10-20 |
WO2005097112A2 (en) | 2005-10-20 |
US20080139560A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
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