CN1926624A - Recording medium with physical access control (PAC) cluster thereon and apparatus and methods for forming, recording, and reproducing the recording medium - Google Patents

Abstract

A recording medium, such as a high-density and/or optical recording medium, including physical access control (PAC) information thereon, and an apparatus and method for recording to and reproducing from the recording medium, for the purpose of enhancing data protection , data management and/or reproduction compatibility.

Description

Recording medium having physical access control (PAC) information thereon, and apparatus and method for forming, recording and reproducing the same

technical field

The present invention relates to PAC (Physical Access Control), PAC areas, PAC clusters, media (for example, high density optical discs such as Blu-ray Discs) containing PAC areas and/or clusters, and methods for recording to and/or from such media Apparatus and method for reproducing data.

Background technique

Media such as optical discs may be used to record large amounts of data. Among various available optical discs, high-density optical media (HD-DVD) which allow recording and/or storage of more high-density video and/or audio data, such as Blu-ray discs (hereinafter referred to as "BD"), are under development.

BD also includes Blu-ray Disc Rewritable (BD-RE), Blu-ray Disc Write-once (BD-WO), and Blu-ray Disc Read-Only (BD-ROM).

Currently, one problem with existing systems is that there may be incompatibilities between different versions of the driver, for example, a previous version of a driver with a previous set of capabilities may be difficult to integrate with and include at least one of the capabilities from a later set Capability of drive interaction for media interaction.

Contents of the invention

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide a PAC on a medium such as a high density optical disc, and an apparatus and method for recording data to and reproducing data from the medium using the PAC.

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide physical access control (PAC) information recorded thereon for enhanced data protection, enhanced data management, improved reproduction compatibility, avoiding data corruption and/or reducing unnecessary, repetitive operations.

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide a medium such as a high density optical disc, and an apparatus and method for managing a PAC.

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide a medium such as a high density optical disc, and an apparatus and method for managing data using a PAC.

In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention is directed to a recording medium comprising at least one physical access control (PAC) zone, which in turn comprises at least one physical access control (PAC) cluster, and the at least one physical access control (PAC) zone One PAC cluster includes information for managing recording to and/or reproduction from the recording medium.

In an exemplary embodiment, the invention is directed to a method of recording on a recording medium comprising recording a physical access control (PAC) cluster containing information for recording to and/or reproduction from the recording medium , and record PAC cluster status information including at least the validity of the PAC cluster.

In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention is directed to a method of reproducing from a recording medium, comprising: reading state information of at least one Physical Access Control (PAC) cluster, the at least one PAC cluster including the reproduced information; and reading the at least one PAC cluster based on status information including at least the validity of each PAC cluster.

In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention is directed to an apparatus for recording to and/or reproducing from a recording medium, comprising: a drive for driving an optical recording device to record data on or reproduce from a recording medium data; and a controller for controlling the drive to record or reproduce data based on at least one physical access control (PAC) area, the at least one PAC area includes at least one physical access control (PAC) cluster, the PAC cluster includes a information on the recording of the medium and/or reproduction from the recording medium, the at least one PAC zone also includes status information of each PAC cluster, the status information indicating at least the validity of each PAC cluster.

In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention is directed to an apparatus for recording to and/or reproducing from a recording medium, comprising: a drive for driving an optical recording medium to record data on or reproduce from the recording medium data; and a controller for controlling the drive to record or reproduce data based on at least one physical access control (PAC) area including at least one physical access control (PAC) cluster, the controller reading at least one Status information of the PAC clusters, the at least one PAC cluster including information for managing reproduction from the recording medium, and the controller reads the at least one PAC cluster based on the status information, the status information including at least the validity of each PAC cluster .

In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention is directed to a recording medium including at least one physical access control (PAC) cluster and state information for each PAC cluster, the PAC cluster including information for managing recording from and/or to the recording medium information on the reproduction of the recording medium, while the status information indicates at least the validity of each PAC cluster.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.

Brief description of the drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of exemplary embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention in which,

FIG. 1 shows a PAC area on a high-density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing configurations of an INFO2 area and an INFO1 area on a high-density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 shows a PAC structure recorded on a high-density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 shows the structure of a PAC on a high-density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 5 shows the configuration of the "unknown PAC rule" field according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 shows a session area on a high-density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 shows a PAC area on a high-density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

8 shows a session area managed by a plurality of PAC areas on a high-density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 illustrates a disc definition structure (DDS) on a high-density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 shows a DDS representing a PAC state on a high-density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

11 to 13 are schematic diagrams illustrating several different schemes of DDS according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein each different scheme represents a PAC state on a high-density optical disc;

FIG. 14 shows other different schemes of DDS on a high-density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

15 shows other different schemes of DDS representing PAC state on a high-density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

16 shows a DDS representing a PAC state on a high-density optical disc according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

17 shows a block diagram of an optical recording/reproducing device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

18 is a flowchart illustrating a method of recording to and/or reproducing from a high density optical disc on which a PAC is recorded according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.

FIG. 1 illustrates a PAC area on a high-density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, a high-density optical disc may be partitioned from an inner circle to an outer circle into a lead-in area, a data area and a lead-out area. The lead-in area can be further partitioned into an INFO2 area and an INFO1 area above for recording various information. The INFO2 area and/or the INFO1 area may include a PAC (Physical Access Control) area.

For convenience, the PAC area allocated to the INFO2 area is marked as the PACII area, and the PAC area allocated to the INFO1 area is marked as the PACI area. One of the PACII area and the PACI area may record the original PAC, and the other may be a backup area for recording a copy of the original PAC. If the writing direction is from the inner circumference to the outer circumference of the disc, it would be advantageous to record the original PAC on the PACII area and the backup PAC on the PACI area.

A PAC area may be provided to deal with problems that may occur when older versions of drive devices cannot detect functions added on a disc with functions compatible with newer versions of drive devices. The PAC zone can use one or more "unknown rules" to deal with compatibility issues.

"Unknown rules" can be used to control predictable operation of the disc, such as basic control over reads, writes, etc., linear replacement of defective areas, logical overwriting, and the like. Areas may also be provided on the disc indicating where "unknown rules" apply, such as sections defining the entire disc or a portion of the disc, as will be described in more detail below.

Thus, by defining the area of the disk, the driver device of the older version can access the disk of the newer version by using "unknown rules", thereby reducing unnecessary access operations of the driver device of the older version.

Furthermore, by defining an accessible area on the physical area of the disc for older versions of drive devices to be accessed through the use of the PAC, the data area containing user data recorded thereon can be more robustly protected, and/or can be prevented from Or reduce unauthorized access to the disk (eg hacking).

The INFO2 area and the INFO1 area having the PACII and I areas therein in the lead-in area can be evaluated in view of the writable characteristics of the high-density optical disc.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of an INFO2 area and an INFO1 area on a high-density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 2, for an example BD-RE high-density disc, the INFO2 area may have 256 clusters, including 32 clusters of the PACII area, 32 clusters of the DMA (Defect Management Area) 2 area for defect management, and above 32 clusters of the CD (control data) area 2 in which control information is recorded, and/or 32 clusters of the BZ (buffer area) 3 area of the buffer.

The INFO1 area may include 32 clusters of the BZ2 area of the buffer, 32 clusters of the drive area (which may be a drive area for storing drive-specific information), 32 clusters of the DMA1 area for managing defects, and 32 clusters of the DMA1 area for recording control. 32 clusters of CD1 area for information, and/or BZ1-PACI area that can be used as PAC area.

For a write-once compact disc (BD-R), the INFO2 area can have 256 clusters, including the PACII area, DMA2 area, CD2 area, and BZ3 area, each of which has 32 clusters; and the INFO21 area includes the BZ2 area , DMA1 area, CD1 area, and/or BZ1-PACI area, each of which has 32 clusters, and 128 clusters of the drive area.

For a read-only high-density disc (BD-ROM), the PAC may be the main PAC, and the INFO2 area may have 256 clusters, including the PACII area, CD2 area, and BZ3 area, each of which has 32 clusters; and the INFO1 area The 256 clusters included the CD1 region and/or the BZ1-PACI region, each of which had 32 clusters.

The PAC area of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention may be allocated to the INFO2 area and/or the INFO1 area in the lead-in area, each with 32 clusters, according to the rewritable characteristics of the high-density optical disc.

In the PAC area of 32 clusters, one PAC can have one cluster for recording a plurality of effective PACs. An example structure in which one PAC is recorded as one cluster will be described with reference to FIG. 3 .

FIG. 3 shows a PAC recorded on a high-density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 3, one PAC of one cluster size (32 sectors) may include a header area and a dedicated information area dedicated to a specific disk drive (eg, an optical disk drive). The PAC header area may have 384 bytes allocated to the first sector of the PAC for recording various PAC information, such as information on "unknown PAC rules" and segments, while private data may be recorded on another area of the PAC area. For (optical) disc drive information, this information may be referred to as "known rules".

An example structure of the PAC recorded in the above structure will be described with reference to FIG. 4 . For convenience, in this description, specific fields in the PAC that require more detailed description will refer to drawings showing the specific fields.

FIG. 4 illustrates a PAC on a high-density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 4, a PAC may include a header portion applicable to all PACs and an area on which driver-specific information is recorded.

An example header part may include 4 bytes of "PAC_ID", 4 bytes of "Unknown PAC Rule", 1 byte of "Overall Flag", 1 byte of "Segment Number", and/or 32 segments, namely the segment 0 to segment 31, each of which has 8 bytes.

"PAC_ID" can provide the current PAC status and identification code, for example, if "PAC_ID" contains '0000 00 00' bits, then the "PAC_ID" indicates that the current PAC is not used; if "PAC_ID" contains "FFFF FF FE" bits, then the "PAC_ID" indicates that the current PAC zone is unavailable due to a defect or similar; and if the "PAC_ID" contains the 'FF FF FF FF' bit, the "PAC_ID" indicates that the PAC zone is not available even if the current PAC zone has been used previously Areas can also be reused.

By recording "PAC_ID" with a predetermined bit such as '54 53 54 00', "PAC_ID" can be used as a code for determining whether the disc is a disc freely accessible by the current drive. That is, if the current drive does not recognize the applied "PAC_ID" (which may be the case where the current drive does not recognize the current PAC due to version mismatch, etc.), then the '54 53 54 00' bits can be used as reference records in the " Code for the information in the Unknown PAC Rule" field.

As described above, the "Unknown PAC Rule" field may be used as a field specifying the operating range of a driver that cannot recognize the current PAC, which will be further described with reference to FIG. 5 .

FIG. 5 shows an "unknown PAC rule" field according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to Figure 5, the degree of controllability of various regions on the disc can be enabled by "unknown PAC rules". In this example, the "Area" column in FIG. 5 indicates the controllable area on the disc, the "Control" column indicates the type of control such as read/write, and the "Number of Bits" column indicates the number of bits required for the control. Additional bits in the "Number of Bits" column may indicate the case of a dual-layer disc having two recording/reproducing sides.

For example, in the "Area" column in Figure 5, the read/write controllability of the PAC area can be represented by the "PAC area 1, 2" field, and the write controllability of the defect management area can be represented by "DMA area 1, 2" field to represent. The write controllability of the replacement area of the defective area can be represented by the "replacement cluster" field, the read/write controllability of the data area can be represented by the "data area" field, and the logical overwrite controllability can be represented by the "logical overwrite " field to represent.

Write controllability is only applicable to rewritable discs BD-RE and BD-R, while write controllability of a replacement area of a defective area is also applicable to rewritable discs BD-RE and BD-R. Thus, various example features of the present invention may depend on the rewritable characteristics of a high density (optical) disc.

Using the techniques described above, the "Unknown PAC Rule" field allows specifying controllable areas on the disc for version mismatched drives. Furthermore, the techniques described above can also be adapted to control access to specific physical areas on a disc according to user selections.

Returning to FIG. 4 , the "Full Disk Flag" field can be used as a field indicating that the PAC is applicable to the entire extent, and the "Number of Segments" field is a field that can indicate the number of extents to which the PAC is applied.

In an exemplary embodiment, a maximum number of segments may be allocated to a PAC. In an exemplary embodiment, a maximum number of segments of 32 can be allocated to one PAC, and information about the allocated segments can be written in the "segment 0" to "segment 31" fields each consisting of 8 bytes middle. The "segment 0" to "segment 31" fields each include the first physical sector number (PSN) and the last PSN of the allocated segment area recorded thereon.

Segments are described in more detail below. FIG. 6 shows a session area on a high-density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 6, if necessary, there may be a maximum number (for example, 32) of sectors on a high-density optical disc to which PAC is applied. The maximum number of segment areas can start from "segment 0".

In one example, by writing the first PSN, which may indicate the beginning position of the allocated segment area, and the last PSN, which may indicate the last position of the allocated segment area, on the "segment" field of the PACII and PACI areas, The location of the segment area can then be identified by the optical disc drive.

In one example configuration, none of the allocated segments need overlap, and start and end locations may be specified at cluster boundaries.

Thus, in an exemplary embodiment, the present invention may provide multiple PACs for managing a number (eg, 32) of segment areas, as will be described in more detail below.

FIG. 7 illustrates a PAC area on a high-density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 7, a plurality of valid PACs having the same cluster size can be written in one PAC area (for example, the PAC area of INFO2 or INFO1) with a size of 32 clusters. A valid PAC may mean a zone having the above-mentioned various PAC information and including copies, and may include a maximum number (for example, 16) of valid PACs each having the same size and allocated to one PAC zone.

A valid PAC may have a predetermined PAC_ID (for example, PAC_ID = 54 53 54 00) corresponding to the drive version of the disc on which the PAC is recorded, and an unused PAC area may be a spare PAC area. Depending on the settings of the optical disc drive, the spare PAC area may be filled with 00 bits indicating that the area is not used (PAC_ID = 00 00 00 00), or may be kept as an "unused area".

Since only one write is physically possible in the case of a write-once high-density disc BD-R, in one example nothing is written in the spare area until the write is complete or the disc is turned off (user No further writes are expected).

Since physical repeated overwriting is possible in the case of a rewritable high-density optical disc BD-RE, in one example, even if a valid PAC and its copy PAC are written in a PAC area of 32 clusters in size, several writes Entry is also acceptable.

If there is a defect in one PAC area in which the PAC is to be written, the PAC can be written in the area following the defective area. Defects may be the result of damage or contamination of the disc surface, and when a defect occurs in an area where a PAC is to be written, PAC information may be written in an area following the defective area.

A plurality of valid PACs that can be allocated to the PAC area can have various information related to the controllable area of the disc, which will be described with reference to FIG. 8 .

FIG. 8 illustrates a session area managed by a plurality of PAC areas on a high-density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 8, for drives of different versions, controllable segment areas can be designated on a disc by using multiple PACs. That is, Segment 0 Seg#0 and Segment 1 Seg#1 can be controlled via PAC#0 on the disk, Segment 0 Seg#0, Segment 1 Seg#1 and Segment 2 Seg#2 can be controlled via PAC#1, and Segment 0 Seg#0 is controlled via PAC#2.

In this example, none of the segments controllable by respective PACs overlap, and the segments are reordered in ascending order starting with segment #0, indicating that the PACs are mutually independent.

Furthermore, although one PAC can have a maximum of 32 segment areas, even in the case where segments are managed by a plurality of PACs, the total number of segments managed by a plurality of PACs does not exceed 32.

Finding the location of a valid PAC area from the PAC area or quickly finding the location of the next writable PAC area while avoiding areas already written to or from defective areas of the above PAC area may affect the initialization of the disc and/or recording speed. In particular, multiple retries may be performed in an attempt to read the defective region.

In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention provides a method for writing various status information about the location of multiple valid PACs, the location of the next writable PAC, and/or other information in a data structure such as a Disc Definition Structure (DDS). method of related information.

The DDS may be an area containing information about the first PSN of the defect list, the location of the user data area, the size of the spare area, and/or other relevant information, and may be used as information in the defect management structure (DMS) together with the defect list ( DFL) is written together in the DMA area of the disc.

The information written in the DMA may be information that was previously scanned and preloaded when the disc was loaded into the drive. Therefore, once various status information about a PAC, such as the location of multiple valid PACs, the location of the next writable PAC, and/or other relevant information are written in the DDS as pointers, the optical disc drive can obtain Information about the PAC area.

The DDS may include various information about the status of the PAC zone, which will be described below.

FIG. 9 illustrates DDS on a high-density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 9, the DDS may include a "DDS identifier" field, a "DDS format" field, a "drive area first PSN (P_DA)" field indicating the first physical sector number of the drive area, and a first PSN indicating the defect list "Defect List First PSN (P_DFL)" field, "User Data Area LSN0 Position" field indicating the location of the LSN (Logical Sector Number) of the User Data Area, and "Internal Spare Area 0 Size" indicating the size of Internal Spare Area 0 (ISA0_size)" field, "Outer Spare Area Size (OSA_size)" field indicating the size of the Outer Spare Area 0, "Inner Spare Area 1 Size (ISA1_size)" field indicating the size of the Inner Spare Area 1, indicating a defect in the PAC area The "PAC Cluster Defect Status" field of the status and/or the "PAC Allocated Space" field indicating the specified status of the PAC area.

Thus, an exemplary DDS may provide various status information about the PAC, such as by using the "PAC Cluster Defect Status" field and/or the "PAC Allocated Space" field to provide the location of defective clusters in the PAC region and/or The location of the cluster to which a valid PAC is assigned, etc.

A method of representing PAC status information using the "PAC Cluster Defect Status" field and/or the "PAC Allocated Space" field will be described in more detail below.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a DDS representing a PAC state on a high-density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 10 , two bytes may be allocated to the "PAC Cluster Defect Status" field of the DDS for indicating a write failure due to a cluster defect in the PAC area or a defective cluster area.

As shown in the figure, the PDS N (PAC Defect Status) bit in FIG. 10 is a bit used to indicate the state of the PAC cluster, where 0 bit can indicate that the PAC cluster N is not a defective area, and 1 bit can indicate that the PAC cluster N is Defective area.

PDS bit 0 can indicate the status of PAC #0 zone, PDS 1 bit can indicate the status of PAC #1 zone, and so on, up to PDS 15 bits that can be assigned to a PAC zone to indicate the status of a valid PAC (e.g. , for a total of 16 bits).

Two bytes can also be allocated to the "PAC Allocated Space" of the DDS area to indicate the allocation status of the PAC area.

PSB N (PAC status bit) in FIG. 10 may be a bit indicating the allocation status of the PAC cluster, wherein bit 0 may indicate a status in which the PAC cluster N may be newly allocated, for example, the PAC is not used or PAC_ID=00000000 or FFFFFFFF , while 1 bit may indicate the state in which PAC cluster N is allocated.

In this example, similar to the PDS bits, the PSB bits may be allocated from PSB 0 bit to PSB 15 bit, such that PSB 0 bit indicates PAC#0 region, PSB1 bit indicates PAC#1 region, and so on. Various exemplary embodiments of using DDS as described to represent the state of a PAC zone are discussed below.

11 to 13 are diagrams illustrating various exemplary embodiments of DDSs each representing a state of a PAC on a high-density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to Fig. 11, on the bitmap of the "PAC cluster defect state" field, the PDS 1 bit is 1, and this field is the information about the defective area in the PAC area in the information contained in the DDS. Accordingly, based on this information, the optical disk drive can be made aware that the PAC#1 area is defective.

Similarly, on the bitmap of the "PAC Allocated Space" field indicating the allocation state of the PAC area, the PSB0, PSB 1 and PSB 2 bits are also 1. Based on the above information, the optical disc drive can know that PAC#0, PAC#1 and The PAC#2 area is in the allocated state. Therefore, the next available PAC area that is neither a defective area nor an allocated area is the PAC#3 area.

Equally, referring to Fig. 12, because on the bitmap of " PAC cluster defect state " field, each of PDS 0, PDS 1, PDS 4 and PDS 5 bits is 1, so can make CD drive know PAC#0, PAC# 1. Each of the PAC#4 and PAC#5 areas is a defective area, and because on the bitmap of the "PAC Allocated Space" field, PSB 0, PSB 1, PSB 2, PSB 3, PSB 4, PSB 5 and PSB 6 bits are each 1, so that the optical disc drive can know that each of the PAC#0, PAC#1, PAC#2, PAC#3, PAC#4, PAC#5 and PAC#6 areas is in the Allocation status. Therefore, in the situation of FIG. 12, the next available PAC zone is PAC#7.

Equally, referring to Fig. 13, because on the bitmap of " PAC cluster defect state " field, each of PDS 0, PDS 1, PDS 4 and PDS 5 bits is 1, so can make CD drive know PAC#0, PAC# 1. Each of the PAC#4 and PAC#5 areas is a defective area, and because on the bitmap of the "PAC Allocated Space" field, PSB 0, PSB 1, PSB 2, PSB 4, PSB 5, and PSB 6 The bits are each 1, so that the optical disc drive can know that each of the PAC#0, PAC#1, PAC#2, PAC#4, PAC#5 and PAC#6 areas is in the allocated state.

Thus, in the situation of FIG. 13, the next available PAC area is PAC #3, which may be the current reusable area even though the PAC #3 area has been previously used.

As described earlier, a copy of the information on the PACII area of the INFO2 area can be recorded on an area corresponding to the area of the PACII area of the INFO2 area in the PACI area of the INFO1 area. If the PAC#1 area of the PACII area is defective, the PACI area of the PAC#1 area can be used (if not defective).

By allocating additional (eg, 4) bytes to the DDS, it is also possible for the DDS to include not only the 4 bytes of information on the PACII zone, but also information on the PACI zone. In this case, the information written on the PACI does not include the defective area of the PACII area.

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of DDS on a high-density optical disc according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 14, as described above, the DDS may include a "DDS identifier" field, a "DDS format" field, a "first PSN (P_DA) field in the driver area", a "first PSN (P_DFL) in the defect list" field, "LSN0 location of user data area" field, "Internal spare area 0 size (ISA0_size)" field, "Outer spare area size (OSA_size)" field, "Internal spare area 1 size (ISA1_size)" field and/or indicate the PAC area The "PAC Status" field of the status.

The "PAC status" field may have 8 bytes and is used to indicate the status of the PAC in the PACII area of the INFO2 area and the PACI area of the INFO1 area, which will be described in detail below.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram illustrating another embodiment of a DDS representing a PAC state on a high-density optical disc according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 15, the "PAC status" field of the DDS can use a total of 64 bits (8 bytes) to indicate the status of the PAC in the PACII area of the INFO2 area and the PACI area of the INFO area.

In this example, the information in one PAC can be represented by two bits, for example, by assigning bits b1 and b0 to indicate the status of PAC#0 in the PACI area, and assigning bits b2 and b3 to indicate the status of PAC#2 in the PACI area. status, and assign every subsequent two bits to successively indicate the PAC status of the PAC zone. Accordingly, bits b31 and b30 may indicate the PAC #15 status of the PACI zone, bits b33 and b32 may indicate the PAC #0 status of the PAC2 zone, and bits b63 and b62 may indicate the PAC #15 status of the PAC2 zone.

The PAC status of the PAC area represented by two bits can indicate that the PAC is not recorded when the two bits are 00; when the two bits are 01, writing the PAC as 00 00 00 00 can indicate that the PAC can be written, Or written as FFFF FF FF to indicate that the PAC is reusable even if it has been used before; when these two bits are 10, the PAC is a defective area FF FF FF FE, and when these two bits are 11, The PAC is the effective PAC (eg, effective PAC = 54 53 54 00).

Thus, the next writable PAC area is the area with bit 00 or bit 01, and the location of the valid PAC will be the area with bit 11.

By using the method described above, the optical disc drive can obtain information about the position of the valid PAC, the position of the defective area, the next writable position and/or information about the position of the Other relevant information about the PAC in the PAC2 area and the PAC1 area.

FIG. 16 illustrates a DDS representing a PAC state on a high density optical disc according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

If the bitmap of the "PAC Status" field of the DDS is the same as that shown in FIG. PAC.

Also, since b35 and b34 indicating PAC#1 in the PACII area are 10, it is known that PAC#1 in the PACII area is a defective area, and since b37 and b36 indicating PAC#2 in the PACII area are 01, It is known that PAC #2 in the PACII area is an area that has been used previously, or if 00, is a currently usable area.

Accordingly, if it is intended to find the location of a valid PAC, the optical disc drive can find the PAC whose bit 11 is indicated by the "PAC status" field information of the DDS, and when it intends to find the position of the next writable PAC area, the optical disc drive can find the " Bit 01 or 00 in the PAC Status" message.

In addition, a backup of the PAC information in the PACII area can be written over the PACI area, even if the bitmap indicating the PACII area and the bitmap indicating the PACI area of the "PAC Status" field are exactly the same, if there is a defective area and/or The positions of other similar regions are not exactly the same, so two bitmaps cannot be exactly the same. Therefore, if one intends to read information written on the PACI area due to unavoidable conditions, it may be necessary to refer to the information indicating the PACI area from the "PAC Status" field information of the DDS.

In addition to the exemplary method of using 8 bytes in the DDS to represent the PAC status of the PACII zone and the PACI zone, there are other exemplary methods of using only four bytes to represent the PAC status of the PACII zone. As mentioned above, this is because the information written on the PACII area is exactly the same as the information written on the PACI area, and in this case, if you want to know the PAC status of the PACI area, you can find the information corresponding to the PACI area. The location of the PACII zone determines the PACI zone.

In this example, if writing PAC information on the PACI area corresponding to the location of the PACII area fails due to a defective area in the PACII or PACI area or other similar circumstances, a method of not using the area may be employed.

Representing information of the locations of a plurality of valid PACs by DDS as an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is advantageous for a writable disc BD-RE or BD-R in which information is updated by continuous writing.

For example, in the case of a write-once high-density optical disc BD-R where the positions of multiple valid PACs change each time rewriting is repeated after ejection due to the physical characteristics of the write-once disc, the position information can be used as a temporary disc definition Structure (TDDS) information is written on the Temporary Disk Management Area (TDMA) and is written as DDS information when a disk write is either complete or the disk is closed, ie when the user no longer wants to do further writing.

FIG. 17 shows a block diagram of an optical recording/reproducing device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 17 , the optical recording/reproducing apparatus may include: a recording/reproducing device 10 for performing recording to and/or reproduction from an optical disc; and a host or controller 20 for controlling the recording/reproducing device 10 . In one exemplary embodiment, the recording/reproducing apparatus 10 may function as an "optical disc drive" discussed above in connection with many exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

In an exemplary embodiment, the host 20 gives the recording/reproducing device 10 a write command to write to a specific area of the optical disc or a reproduction command to reproduce from a specific area of the optical disc, and the recording/reproducing device 10 responds to the An instruction of executes recording to/reproduction from the specific area.

The recording/reproducing apparatus 10 may further include: an interface section 12 for performing communication, such as exchange of data and instructions with the host computer 20, etc.; a pickup section 11 for directly writing/reading from/to an optical disc; a data processor 13, used to receive the signal from the pick-up part 11, and restore it to the required signal value, or modulate the signal to be written into a signal that can be written on the optical disc; the servo part 14 is used to control the pick-up part 11 accurately A signal is read from an optical disc, or a signal is accurately written on the optical disc; a memory 15 for temporarily storing various information including management information and data; and a microcomputer 16 for controlling various parts of the recording/reproducing apparatus 10 .

An exemplary method of recording a PAC on a high-density rewritable optical disc using the exemplary optical recording/reproducing apparatus will be described below.

Once the optical disc is inserted into the optical recording/reproducing apparatus, the management information can be read from the optical disc and stored in the memory 15 of the recording/reproducing apparatus 10 for use when the optical disc is recorded/reproduced.

In this state, if the user wants to write on a specific area of the optical disc, the host 20 takes this as a write command, and provides the recording/reproducing apparatus 10 with information on a desired writing position and data to be written.

The microcomputer 16 in the recording/reproducing device 10 can receive the write instruction, determine whether the optical disc area that the host computer 20 wants to write from the management information stored in the memory 15 is a defective area, and/or according to the write instruction from the host computer 20 Data writing is performed on an area that is not a defective area.

If it is determined that writing on the entire disc or on a specific area of the disc includes new features that were not provided by the previous version of the recording/reproducing apparatus, thereby causing the previous version of the recording/reproducing apparatus to be incomprehensible, or if it is intended to be based on If the restriction set by the user restricts functions such as writing to/reproducing from a specific area of the disc, the microcomputer 16 of the recording/reproducing device 10 can write the control information of the area in the PAC area on the disc as "Unknown PAC rule". The microcomputer 16 of the recording/reproducing apparatus 10 can also write PAC information such as PAC_ID of the write status, and segment information as control information on a specific area of the disc.

The PAC information can be written as a plurality of valid PACs having a size of one cluster on the PAC2 area of the INFO2 area, and the plurality of valid PACs can be written on the PAC1 area of the INFO1 area as a backup. In this example, location information of a plurality of valid PACs may be written on a DDS in a DMA of an optical disc through a method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

In particular, the microcomputer 16 can provide the servo 14 and the data processor 13 with positional information of an area on which data is written or the PAC area and the data, thereby completing writing at a desired position on the optical disc via the pickup section 11.

Accordingly, a method of recording/reproducing a high-density optical disc having PAC information written by the above exemplary method will be described below.

FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating a method of recording/reproducing a high density optical disc on which a PAC is recorded according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Once the optical disc is inserted into the optical recording/reproducing apparatus, the management information can be read from the optical disc and stored in the memory 15 of the recording and reproducing apparatus 10 for use when recording and reproducing the optical disc.

The information in the memory 10 may include location information of each area in the PAC area on the disc. In particular, the location of a valid PAC in the PAC zone can be determined from the DDS information (S10).

After the location of the valid PAC is determined, the PAC_ID field of the PAC may be checked to verify if the PAC_ID is the identified PAC_ID (S20 and S30).

If the written PAC_ID is identified, the method may determine that the version of the recording and reproducing device that wrote the data on the disc is exactly the same as the version of the current recording and reproducing device, or determine that there is no separate writing/reproducing restriction , and recording/reproduction can be performed according to an instruction from the host computer 20 (S40).

If the identification of the code written on the PAC_ID fails, the method can then determine whether there are restrictions such as the version of the recording and reproducing device on which the data was written on the disc is different from the version of the current recording and reproducing device, which can be determined according to the instruction to perform recording/reproduction with reference to the recording/reproduction restricted area on the disc written on "Unknown PAC Rule" (S50).

For this purpose, the microcomputer 16 can provide position information and data to the servo 14 and the data processor 13 according to the instruction of the host computer, so that the recording/reproduction can be performed at a desired position on the optical disc via the pickup part 11.

As described above, the apparatus and method for recording/reproducing to/from a high-density optical disc of the present invention have one or more of the following advantages.

First, defining the disc-accessible areas of different versions of drives by using PACs may allow more robust protection of data areas on which user data is recorded, eg, may prevent unauthorized access (eg, hacking).

Second, multiple valid PACs on the disc and/or pointers indicating the location of these PACs may allow for more efficient management of PACs on high density optical discs.

Third, an apparatus and method for recording/reproducing data using a PAC may allow more efficient data recording/reproduction on a high-density optical disc.

Industrial Applicability

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and alterations can be made to the above-described exemplary embodiments of this invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and alterations of this invention that come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (32)

1. recording medium comprises:

At least one physical access control (PAC) district comprises

At least one physical access control (PAC) bunch, described at least one PAC bunch comprises and is used to manage to the record of described recording medium and/or from the information of the reproduction of described recording medium.

2. recording medium as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises:

At least one management area, described at least one management area comprises each PAC bunch status information.

3. recording medium as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that described recording medium is a re-writable recording medium, and described at least one management area is a dish definition structure (DDS).

4. recording medium as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described status information comprises defect state information and/or distribution state information.

5. recording medium as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, whether described defect state information indicates each PAC bunch to be defective.

6. recording medium as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, whether described defect state information indicates each PAC bunch to be flawless.

7. recording medium as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, whether described distribution state information indicates each PAC bunch to distribute.

8. recording medium as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, whether described distribution state information indicates each PAC bunch to be can be newly assigned.

9. recording medium as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described status information comprises at least one position.

10. recording medium as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, described status information comprises PAC state bitmap.

11. recording medium as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, described PAC state bitmap is indicated each PAC bunch validity at least.

12. recording medium as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, described PAC state bitmap indicate each PAC bunch that be not recorded, can use or reusable, defective, or effectively.

13. recording medium as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described recording medium is the write-once recording medium, and described at least one management area is temporary disk (T-disk) definition structure (TDDS).

14. recording medium as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described recording medium is a read-only recording medium, and described at least one management area is main PAC bunch.

15. recording medium as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described status information indicate each PAC bunch be effective, defective, distributed, can be newly assigned, or operational.

16. recording medium as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described at least one PAC district is recorded in the block of information in introducing district of described recording medium.

17. recording medium as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described at least one PAC district comprises two PAC districts, promptly original PAC district and backup PAC district.

18. recording medium as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, described original PAC district and described backup PAC district are recorded in the different block of information in introducing district of described recording medium.

19. recording medium as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, each PAC bunch comprises

The PAC stem is each PAC bunch of common being suitable for of institute, and

PAC specific information district comprises the information of each PAC bunch special use.

20. recording medium as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, described PAC specific information district comprises the rule of enabling required application or function.

21. recording medium as claimed in claim 20 is characterized in that, described at least one PAC bunch can be included in and attempt to described recording medium recording and/or unknown PAC bunch of can not be identified during from described recording medium reproducing.

22. recording medium as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, unknown PAC bunch unknown PAC rule is used to described recording medium recording and/or from described recording medium reproducing.

23. recording medium as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that, described unknown PAC rule comprises the read about all zones of described recording medium.

24. the method at the enterprising line item of recording medium comprises:

Record physical access control (PAC) bunch, described PAC bunch comprises and is used to manage to the record of described recording medium and/or from the information of the reproduction of described recording medium; And

Write down described PAC bunch status information, described status information comprises described PAC bunch validity at least.

25. method as claimed in claim 24 is characterized in that, described status information comprises also whether described PAC bunch be defective.

26. the method from recording medium reproducing comprises:

Read the status information of at least one physical access control (PAC) bunch, described at least one PAC bunch comprises the information that is used to manage from the reproduction of described recording medium; And

Read described at least one PAC bunch based on described status information, described status information comprises each PAC bunch validity at least.

27. one kind is used for comprising to recording medium recording and/or from the equipment of recording medium reproducing:

Driver is used to drive optical recording apparatus at described recording medium identifying recording layer or from described recording medium reproducing data; And

Controller, be used for controlling described drive records or reproducing data based at least one physical access control (PAC) district, described at least one PAC district comprises containing and is useful on management to the record of described recording medium and/or from the status information of at least one physical access control (PAC) of the information of the reproduction of described recording medium bunch and each PAC bunch that described status information is indicated each PAC bunch validity at least.

28. equipment as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, described status information comprises also whether described PAC bunch be defective.

29. one kind is used for comprising to recording medium recording and/or from the equipment of recording medium reproducing:

Driver is used to drive optical recording apparatus at described recording medium identifying recording layer or from described recording medium reproducing data; And

Controller, be used for controlling described drive records or reproducing data based at least one physical access control (PAC) district, described at least one PAC district comprises at least one physical access control (PAC) bunch, described controller reads at least one PAC bunch status information, described at least one PAC bunch comprises the information that is used to manage from the reproduction of described recording medium, and described controller reads described at least one PAC bunch based on described status information, and described status information comprises each PAC bunch validity at least.

30. a recording medium comprises:

Comprise and be used to manage to the record of recording medium and/or from least one physical access control (PAC) of the reproduction of recording medium bunch; And

Each PAC bunch status information, described status information are indicated each PAC bunch validity at least.

Recording medium as claimed in claim 30 is characterized in that, if described recording medium is a recordable media, whether then described status information also indicates each PAC bunch to be defective.

32. recording medium as claimed in claim 30 is characterized in that, each PAC bunch comprises the PAC specific information that is used to enable required application or function.

33. recording medium as claimed in claim 30 is characterized in that, each PAC bunch comprises the suitable jointly information of PAC that constitutes the PAC stem.

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