CN1924549B - 高压加热器换热管冲刷腐蚀实验的测量方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高压加热器换热管冲刷腐蚀实验的测量方法，其特征在于，在水介质、高流速、高温、高压条件下进行测量，其方法为：第一步.冲刷实验节点的选取：在流速为1.9-4.5m/s、温度为180-300℃、压力为2-6MPa、PH值为7-9.5之间选取至少4-8个实验节点；第二步.被冲刷试样的测量：对被冲刷试样进行蚀重、表面膜、显微组织、冲刷前后不同部位应力状态及粗糙度进行测量。本发明的优点是可以大大缩短总的冲刷腐蚀时间，从而提高冲刷腐蚀实验效率20-30％，降低实验费用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高压加热器换热管冲刷腐蚀实验的测量方法，尤其涉及一种高压加热器换热管在高温、高压条件下的冲刷腐蚀实验的测量方法，可用于核电和热电设备制造领域。
背景技术
冲刷腐蚀是一种危害较大的局部腐蚀，它比单纯的腐蚀和单纯的机械磨损严重得多，设备受到冲刷腐蚀时会加速设备的损坏，设备的使用寿命大大缩短。
随着国内外对核电站和热电站建设投入的不断加大，使得国内外对核电站和热电站相关设备的研究也更加深入。针对核电站和热电站重要设备之一的高压加热器换热管在高温、高压条件下的冲刷腐蚀实验问题，国内外也作了大量研究，提出了一些有效的实验方法，其中包括油介质冲刷腐蚀实验、金属在液固两相流中的冲刷腐蚀、以及高温、高压静态腐蚀实验等。
经对现有技术文献的检索发现，丁一刚等在《材料保护》2001，34(11)发表的《金属在液固两相流中的冲刷腐蚀》，综述了国内外对液固两相流的冲刷腐蚀体系开展的研究。尽管该研究对冲刷腐蚀过程有了进一步的认识，对冲刷腐蚀的影响规律和危害性进行了论述，然而，国内外针对在水介质、高温、高压条件下的高压加热器换热管冲刷腐蚀实验未见正式报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是发明一种在保证单个实验节点冲刷实验周期不变的前提下，减少总的实验时间和实验费用的高压加热器换热管冲刷腐蚀实验的测量方法。在实验基础上，分析影响换热管冲刷腐蚀的控制因素和产生机理，建立冲刷腐蚀的定量化公式，根据蚀重、表面膜、显微组织、冲刷前后不同部位应力状态及粗糙度的变化建立数学模型进行数据分析，寻求控制冲刷腐蚀的措施。
为实现以上目的，本发明的技术方案是提供一种高压加热器换热管冲刷腐蚀实验的测量方法，其特征在于，在水介质、高流速、高温、高压条件下进行测量，其方法为：
第一步.冲刷实验节点的选取：
在流速为1.9-4.5m/s、温度为180-300℃、压力为2-6MPa、PH值为7-9.5之间选取至少4-8个实验节点；
第二步.被冲刷试样的测量：
对被冲刷试样进行蚀重、表面膜、显微组织、冲刷前后不同部位应力状态及粗糙度的测量。
所述的被冲刷试样为各种金属。
冲刷腐蚀(Erosion-Corrosion)是金属表面与腐蚀流体由于高速相对运动而引起的金属损坏现象，是材料受冲刷和腐蚀协同作用的结果。冲刷腐蚀是一个很复杂的过程，影响因素很多，材料本身的化学成份、组织结构、机械性能、硬度、表面粗糙度、耐蚀性能等是一个方面；而介质的温度、PH值、溶氧量、各种活性离子的浓度、粘度、密度、固相和气相在液相中的含量、固相颗粒度和硬度是另一方面，并且过滤部件的形状、流体的流速和流态也具有很大影响，因为不同的流速、流态会使流体对材料表面产生不同的力学效果。较其它因素，流速、温度和PH值对冲刷腐蚀的影响最为明显。因此，为了减少实验周期和实验费用，在能够反映冲刷腐蚀实验效果的前提下，选取尽量少的实验节点，针对每一个实验点采用4-8个实验节点，以达到利用较少实验节点建立数学模型、对实验数据进行分析的目的。
水体流速在冲刷腐蚀中起重要作用，影响冲刷腐蚀的机理。它增加腐蚀可以是通过增加氧气、二氧化碳等腐蚀剂与金属表面接触的供应量或者是通过减少表面静态膜的厚度，使金属离子等腐蚀物的扩散与转移增大。较低的流速也可能由于阻止了引起缝隙腐蚀的污泥或尘垢的沉积而降低腐蚀。因此不同流速对金属腐蚀影响不同。
pH值不同的水体，金属腐蚀率不同，是由于表面生成膜的性质和成分不同所致。只有当介质中加入了足够的氧化剂，有钝化特性的金属才能产生钝态，而不具有钝化特性的金属，氧的存在，特别是在中性条件下，将加速阳极金属的溶解。随着温度的上升，电化学反应的动力学参数及氧的扩散系数增加，但是溶解氧量减少，而且温度的上升会改变金属表面膜的特性及金属再钝化的能力。不同的情况，升高温度既可能使金属腐蚀率降低，亦可能使金属腐蚀率提高。通过实验可以得到不同温度下的金属腐蚀率。
本发明的优点是可以大大缩短总的冲刷腐蚀时间，从而提高冲刷腐蚀实验效率20-30％，降低实验费用。
附图说明
图1为高压加热器换热管冲刷腐蚀实验的测量方法流程图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
如图1所示，为高压加热器换热管冲刷腐蚀实验的测量方法流程图，其测试方法为：第一步.冲刷实验节点的选取：材料：碳钢SA556CrC2
表1(冲刷实验4节点选取)
实施例2
第一步.冲刷实验节点的选取：
表2(冲刷实验7节点选取)
第二步.被冲刷试样的测量：
对被冲刷试样进行蚀重、表面膜、显微组织、冲刷前后不同部位应力状态及粗糙度测量。
表3测量结果，材料：SA556CrC2
速度V 温度T 合金成分(wt％) 残余应力水平 粗糙度
编号 pH
(m/s)(℃) Fe Cr Ni Mo (kgf/mm2)(μm)
备注：样品编码首位字母代表材料种类，后面为试样顺序号码。
本发明同样适用于各种金属的冲刷腐蚀实验。
Claims (2)
1.一种高压加热器换热管冲刷腐蚀实验的测量方法，其特征在于，在水介质、高流速、高温、高压条件下进行测量，其方法为：
第一步.冲刷实验节点的选取：
在流速为1.9-4.5m/s、温度为180-300℃、压力为2-6MPa、PH值为7-9.5之间选取至少4-8个实验节点；
第二步.被冲刷试样的测量：
对被冲刷试样进行蚀重、表面膜、显微组织、冲刷前后不同部位应力状态及粗糙度测量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高压加热器换热管冲刷腐蚀实验的测量方法，其特征在于，所述的被冲刷试样为各种金属。
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| RU2797941C1 (ru) * | 2022-07-19 | 2023-06-13 | Сысоев Николай Николаевич | Способ диагностики и контроля качества контролируемого объекта |
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| CN106841018A (zh) * | 2017-02-14 | 2017-06-13 | 湘潭大学 | 一种测试材料耐低熔点金属液相动态腐蚀性能的系统 |
| CN109374518B (zh) * | 2018-10-09 | 2021-07-09 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | 一种模拟核废液存储罐气液界面腐蚀的测试装置及方法 |
| CN114062178B (zh) * | 2021-12-17 | 2024-08-23 | 宁夏大学 | 矿井水对蒸发器水平换热管动态冲刷腐蚀的评价设备及使用方法 |
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| US4686854A (en) * | 1981-06-18 | 1987-08-18 | Drew Chemical Corporation | Process and apparatus for measuring corrosion rate of a heat transfer surface |
| EP0235409A1 (en) * | 1986-02-24 | 1987-09-09 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Corrosion simulator useful for heat exchangers condensing vapors containing water |
| US5377533A (en) * | 1992-07-20 | 1995-01-03 | Shaw; Larry | Method of taking erosion/corrosion measurements |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| RU2797941C1 (ru) * | 2022-07-19 | 2023-06-13 | Сысоев Николай Николаевич | Способ диагностики и контроля качества контролируемого объекта |
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