CN1910462A - Method and apparatus for measuring electrical conductivity - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for measuring electrical conductivity Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1910462A CN1910462A CN 200580002644 CN200580002644A CN1910462A CN 1910462 A CN1910462 A CN 1910462A CN 200580002644 CN200580002644 CN 200580002644 CN 200580002644 A CN200580002644 A CN 200580002644A CN 1910462 A CN1910462 A CN 1910462A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- transformer core
- equipment according
- core
- conductivity
- conducting element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008866 Ziziphus nummularia Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
Abstract
一种用于在材料中测量电导率的设备(12)，包括一对导电元件(6)，耦合至导电元件的第一电导体(9)，第一电导体耦合第一变压器铁芯(10)和第二变压器铁芯(12)以形成第一电流回路(8)，和具有已知电阻的第二电导体(17)耦合第二变压器铁芯和第三变压器铁芯(14)以形成第二电流回路(16)。
An apparatus (12) for measuring electrical conductivity in a material, comprising a pair of conductive elements (6), a first electrical conductor (9) coupled to the conductive elements, the first electrical conductor being coupled to a first transformer core (10 ) and the second transformer core (12) to form a first current loop (8), and a second electrical conductor (17) with known resistance to couple the second transformer core and the third transformer core (14) to form Second current loop (16).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and apparatus that is used to measure conductivity, especially the measurement in having the material of low conductivity.Especially, though be not unique, the present invention relates to be used for measuring the method and apparatus of conductivity at low conductivity bulk material (bulk material).But method and apparatus of the present invention also can be used to have the material of high conductivity.
Background technology
All need accurately measure the ability of conductivity in much different fields in bulk material, this ability is essential for measure conductivity in having the material of low conductivity especially.An example is food industry, wherein measures conductivity to determine and/or to check the characteristic of food.For example, adopted the technology of measuring the milk conductivity increasing with bacterium in the physical chemistry of checking milk and the milk.McPhillips, J.﹠amp; Snow, N. (1958); " Studies on Milk with a New Type ofConductivity Cell "; The Australian Journal of Dairy Technology 192-196 page or leaf; disclose a kind of electronic installation; be used to carry out the measurement of relevant milk, and Gupt a, S.﹠amp; G. (1956), " A Precision Electrode-less Conductance Cell foruse at Audio Frequencies " a kind of similar electronic installation disclosed.Two kinds of layouts include by toroid transformer and are coupling in current return between exciting circuit and the sensor circuit.
But these layouts all are unsuitable for being used in the various application occasions, the application scenario in the drum for example, because measured material can pollute and the blocking current loop, when drum must be cleared up, it further caused problem.
These arrange that another problem that is had is that they can bear power supply excitation fluctuation, and this causes measuring noise, and needs stabilized power source and monitoring supply voltage.
Therefore, need be used for accurately measuring system and/or the method and/or the equipment of conductivity, it can solve or improve the problems referred to above at least.Especially, need this system, method and/or equipment are used to measure the conductivity of material of low conductivity.
In this manual, term " comprises " that " comprising " or similar terms are used to represent nonrestrictive comprising, and for example comprises the method for a series of elements, and system or equipment does not comprise those elements individually, also comprises the element that other is not listed.
Summary of the invention
On the one hand, though it needs not be unique or in fact the most wide in range form, the invention reside in a kind of equipment that is used for measuring at material conductivity, described equipment comprises:
The pair of conductive element;
Be coupled to first electric conductor of described conducting element, described first electric conductor is coupled first transformer core and second transformer core to form first current return; With
Second electric conductor with known resistance is coupled described second transformer core and the 3rd transformer core to form second current return.
Suitably, described conducting element is bolt or stopper form.As selection, described conducting element is plate or loop type.
Suitably, described first, second and the 3rd transformer core are ring-type " C ", " O " or " E " deformation depressor iron core or its combination.
Suitably, described first, second and the 3rd transformer core are FERRITE CORE, laminated core or dust core or its combination.
Preferably, this equipment also comprises at least one installing plate, and described conducting element is attached on the installing plate, and described at least one installing plate is attached on the described container of material.
Suitably, described second current return is partly by being attached on described at least one installing plate, and forms with the becket of described conducting element electric coupling, and described becket supports described first and second transformer cores.
According to an embodiment, described first, second is ring-type " O " the deformation depressor iron core that links to each other with described becket with the 3rd transformer core, makes that the axis of transformer core is orthogonal.
On the other hand, the invention reside in the method for measuring conductivity in material, described method comprises the following steps:
The pair of conductive element is installed to contact with described material;
The be coupled described pair of conductive element and first electric conductor, described first electric conductor are coupled first transformer core and second transformer core to form first current return;
Described second transformer core and the 3rd transformer core are coupled to form second current return with second electric conductor with known resistance;
Measure the voltage of crossing over described material and described first transformer core;
By measuring the reference voltage of crossing over described the 3rd transformer core, the driving voltage of described second transformer core is crossed in monitoring; With
From crossing over the described voltage of described material, described reference voltage and described known resistance are determined the described conductivity of described material.
As selection, the described conductivity of described material is from determining with the corresponding current measurement of described voltage measurement.
According to following detailed description, further feature of the present invention will become apparent.
Description of drawings
In order to help to understand the present invention and those skilled in the art realize the present invention, the preferred embodiments of the present invention explanation by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is according to one embodiment of the invention, is used for measuring at material the equipment synoptic diagram of conductivity;
Fig. 2 is the alternative view of equipment shown in Fig. 1, represents the actual arrangement of this part of appliance;
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of equipment second embodiment among Fig. 1 and 2;
Fig. 4 is an installing plate, the planimetric map of stationary installation and half current return;
Fig. 5 is the partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 represents first, second and the 3rd transformer core, first current return and half current return;
Fig. 7 represents voltage ratio and the uncorrected curve of Klorvess Liquid volumetric molar concentration;
Fig. 8 represents the curve of voltage ratio and the correction of Klorvess Liquid volumetric molar concentration;
Fig. 9 represents voltage ratio and the uncorrected curve of the theoretical conductivity of Klorvess Liquid;
Figure 10 represents the curve of voltage ratio and the theoretical conductivity correction of Klorvess Liquid;
Figure 11 represents the details of conducting element spacing according to the preferred embodiment of the invention;
Figure 12 represents the relation between installing plate preferred size and the conducting element;
Figure 13 represents the cross-sectional elevational view of conducting element embodiment;
Figure 13 A represents the planimetric map of Figure 13 conducting element;
Figure 14 represents other details of Figure 13 conducting element;
Figure 15 is the planimetric map of installing plate and Figure 14 conducting element and loop alternate embodiment;
Figure 16 is the front view of embodiment shown in Figure 15;
Alternate embodiment shown in Figure 17 presentation graphs 1;
Alternate embodiment shown in Figure 18 presentation graphs 2;
Alternate embodiment shown in Figure 19 presentation graphs 3;
Figure 20 is one embodiment of the invention is applied to measure material electric conductivity in pipeline a skeleton view;
Figure 21 is the alternate embodiment shown in Figure 20;
Figure 22 is the planimetric map of embodiment shown in Figure 20; And
Figure 23 is another alternate embodiment shown in Figure 20.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1 and 2, provide a kind of being used for accurately to measure conductivity, in particular in having the bulk material of low conductivity, measuring the equipment 2 of conductivity at material.Equipment 2 comprises a container, and this container adopts the form of the liquid unit 4 of holding material, and material is the form of liquid 5 in this embodiment.Liquid unit 4 is constructed in the mode identical with the standard conductivity measuring unit, and comprises the pair of conductive element, and this adopts the form of a pair of plate 6 to conducting element, is arranged to contact with liquid 5.The structure of liquid unit 4 is common for those skilled in the art among this embodiment.
Liquid 5 is the resistance R between the plate 6 in liquid unit 4
FluidRepresent with formula 1:
R
Fluid=(R
Standard* V
Fluid)/V
StandardFormula (1)
Liquid resistance R
FluidWith its electricalresistivity
FluidBe directly proportional, and the conductivity of liquid
FluidIt is the inverse of resistivity.Thereby, the conductivity of liquid
FluidWith liquid resistance R
FluidInverse be directly proportional.
The applicant when measuring, determines that the layout of equipment shown in Fig. 1 and 2 has some difficulty in big barrel-like structure.Therefore, the applicant has designed the alternate device that is used for practical application, shown in an alternative embodiment of the invention among Fig. 3.Identical Reference numeral is used to represent feature identical between the embodiment.
In this embodiment, replace liquid unit 4 among the last embodiment, be used for measured container of material and adopt bucket 18 with barrel wall 19.Identical with the material that is used for bucket 18, plate 6 is made by suitable food-grade stainless steel, to avoid producing the thermopair effect.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, plate 6 is contained on the installing plate 20, and it is made by PTFE in this embodiment.But, can adopt any other suitable food grade plastic.Should be noted that this layout makes equipment 2 can be installed in barrel wall and other holds on the measured container of material.This being arranged in formed " half current return " 22 between the plate 6, thereby allows non-exciting conductance rate to measure.Installing plate 20 makes plate 6 insulated from each other and make plate 6 and 19 insulation of bucket wall.
Below with reference to the realization mechanically of Fig. 4-6 this equipment of explanation.
With reference to figure 4, becket 28 is connected on the installing plate 20 by stationary installation, to form above-mentioned half current return 22.In this embodiment, stationary installation adopts the form of pair of bolts 24 and a pair of nut 26.Alternatively, can adopt special stopper or other suitable known stationary installation.Enlarged drawing among Fig. 5 has represented that each nut 26 comprises first screw thread 27 that is arranged on the first direction, and for example, clockwise and layout second screw thread 29 in the opposite direction for example, is counterclockwise in this embodiment.Screw thread 31 directions of bolt 24 and screw thread 33 directions on becket 28 ends are arranged in such a way, and nut 26 is connected on the bolt 24 securely, and becket 28 ends are connected on the nut 26, thereby produce firm electrical connection.The end of bolt 24 and ring 28 is designed so that they nip each other, so that the electric loss minimum by joint between bolt 24 and the becket 28.
Preferably, bolt 24, nut 26 and becket 28 are made by the stainless steel of same levels, to avoid producing any hot e.m.f..Adopt suitable food-grade stainless steel, its application for food-processing industry is safe and suitable.This stainless use also prevents the pollution of food and the similar pollution that can produce when adopting such as materials such as copper, this can cause the problem such as copper creep and crystal boundary diffusion.
Alternatively, can be provided for encircling 28 additional support so that act on mechanical load minimum on bolt 24 and the installing plate 20.This additional support can adopt pillar, bridging, welding or other supporting form well known in the art, provides insulation completely, to avoid interference current return 28.For this purpose, can adopt appropriate plastic material, PTFE or with the stainless steel of ring 28 contact point place insulation.
Be installed on the ring 28 with reference to figure 6, the first and second transformer cores 10,12, it forms the part of first current return 8.The 3rd transformer core 14 be can't help to encircle 28 and is supported, and remains on the correct position plastics for example, PTFE or at the stainless steel of contact point place insulation but support by the insulation of any suitable form.Second transformer core 12 and the 3rd transformer core 14 of lead 17 couplings formation second current return 16 that as shown in the figure, resistance is known.
First, second and the 3rd transformer core have x, y and z coil respectively, and wherein roughly numerical value and the scope of x, y and z are as follows: x=100-200, y=20, z=100-200.The coil turn that is adopted depends on the size and the magnetic characteristic of iron core 10,12,14, the voltage output level of the selected scope of the resistance between electrode that measure and expectation.Along with the increase of coil turn on the iron core, the sensitivity of equipment 2 improves.But the increase of coil turn has also increased electric capacity, resistance and inductance, thus influence low-pass filtering and coil harmonic parameters.
Below with reference to Fig. 3, the detection of 6-8 and table 1 explanation equipment of the present invention and method.
With reference to figure 3 and 6, amplified by high power amplifier 32 by the 30kHz sinusoidal signal that precise frequency signal generator 30 produces, and amplifying signal inputs to second transformer core 12.Liquid voltage V
FluidWith leap the 3rd transformer core 14 voltage V
StandardVoltage ratio V
RatioRepresent with formula 2:
V
Ratio=V
Fluid/ V
StandardFormula (2)
In this embodiment, liquid unit 4 has the capacity of 10L, and has been full of potassium chloride (LCl) solution.By adding the KCl salt of scheduled volume, the volumetric molar concentration of potassium chloride (LCl) solution with predetermined and repeatably mode change.For the solution of each volumetric molar concentration, measure V
FluidAnd V
Standard, the result is as shown in table 1:
Table 1
| KCl volumetric molar concentration [M] | The Vref[V that measures] | The Vfluid[V that measures] | Theoretical conductivity [mS/cm] | The ratio Vfluid/Vref that measures | The theoretical correction than (1+1.75*Molarity) * |
| 0 | 1.760 | 0.025 | 0.119 | 0.014 | 0.014 |
| 0.01 | 1.755 | 0.692 | 1.408 | 0.395 | 0.401 |
| 0.02 | 1.757 | 1.318 | 2.694 | 0.750 | 0.776 |
| 0.03 | 1.787 | 1.929 | 3.976 | 1.079 | 1.136 |
| 0.04 | 1.795 | 2.495 | 5.254 | 1.390 | 1.487 |
| 0.05 | 1.798 | 3.049 | 6.529 | 1.696 | 1.844 |
| 0.06 | 1.798 | 3.577 | 7.800 | 1.989 | 2.198 |
| 0.07 | 1.802 | 4.080 | 9.068 | 2.264 | 2.542 |
| 0.08 | 1.802 | 4.558 | 10.332 | 2.529 | 2.884 |
| 0.09 | 1.802 | 5.030 | 11.593 | 2.791 | 3.231 |
| 0.1 | 1.803 | 5.544 | 12.850 | 3.075 | 3.613 |
| 0.2 | 1.812 | 9.388 | 25.223 | 5.181 | 6.994 |
| 0.3 | 1.819 | 12.389 | 37.237 | 6.811 | 10.387 |
| 0.4 | 1.825 | 14.797 | 48.893 | 8.108 | 13.784 |
| 0.5 | 1.829 | 16.798 | 60.190 | 9.184 | 17.220 |
| 0.6 | 1.833 | 18.472 | 71.129 | 10.077 | 20.659 |
| 0.7 | 1.833 | 20.090 | 81.710 | 10.960 | 24.386 |
| 0.8 | 1.990 | 23.330 | 91.931 | 11.724 | 28.137 |
| 0.9 | 1.992 | 24.467 | 101.795 | 12.283 | 31.628 |
| 1 | 1.993 | 25.514 | 111.300 | 12.802 | 35.205 |
Table 1 is also represented the estimation conductivity of KCl solution, it comprises ± and the error of 5mS/cm.Voltage ratio V
RatioWith the curve map of volumetric molar concentration as shown in Figure 7.Nonlinear relationship between voltage ratio and the solution volumetric molar concentration is the additional resistance owing to 2ohms in second current return 16.It is applied the correction factor correction in voltage ratio, and revises voltage ratio shown in right-hand column in the table 1.Revise voltage ratio V
RatioWith the curve map of volumetric molar concentration as shown in Figure 8.Voltage ratio V
RatioWith the curve map of conductivity as shown in Figure 9.Revise voltage ratio V
RatioWith the curve map of conductivity as shown in figure 10.
Fig. 7 and 8 clearly shows and revises in voltage ratio and the liquid unit 4 between the KCl solution volumetric molar concentration dullly, and in the situation of Fig. 8, roughly is linear relation.Equally, Fig. 9 and 10 clearly shows and revises in voltage ratio and the liquid unit 4 between the KCl electrical conductivity of solution dullly, and in the situation of Figure 10, roughly is linear relation.
Fig. 7,8,9 and 10 proves that also equipment of the present invention is suitable for measuring low conductivity in material, and it can also be used to distinguish difference very little between the conductivity.This ability makes it possible to variation very trickle in the test material.Detect this very little variation and represent the variation of material character, not only can be used in the application of related food, but also can be used in other field.
In equipment of the present invention, provide adapter transformer iron core 14 can not only in material of low conductivity, measure conductivity, and make this equipment can handle the fluctuation of crossing over second transformer core, 12 driving voltages, thereby it helps the accuracy that stability helps this measuring equipment.
Other details below with reference to 11 and 12 explanation plates 6 and installing plate 20.By electromagnetic model, the applicant determines the measurement for the milk-based liq conductivity, and the spacing at circular slab 6 centers-center should approximately be between a times to ten times of plate 6 diameters usually, but preferably is between three times to four times of plate 6 diameters.Other the center-center distance that can imagine plate 6 for the measurement of other material electric conductivity with particularly suitable.The applicant determines that also insulating mounting plate 20 should have such size, and promptly its border is three times of plate 6 diameters at least.Therefore, as shown in Figure 11 and 12, for the plate with 40mm diameter, the spacing between its center approximately should be 4 * 40mm-20mm=140mm.Installing plate 20 has the size 300 * 600mm that satisfies above-mentioned second standard.
With reference to Figure 13,13A and 14, the preferred embodiment of plate 6 comprise threaded rod 40 and are welded to the corrosion resistant plate 6 of bar 40 ends.The plate 6 that size is suitable has the diameter of about 40mm and the thickness of about 2-3mm.Plate 6 is recessed in the plastic mounting plate 2, and plastic mounting plate 20 has elastomeric seal, and sealing takes to be arranged in the rubber washer 42 between plate 6 downsides and the installing plate 20.Second packing ring 44 is arranged in installing plate 20 opposite sides and is fixed on the correct position, as shown in Figure 14 with nut 46.
With reference to Figure 15 and 16, the preferred mounting arrangements of ring- type transformer core 10,12,14 makes its axis orthogonal.This makes the intersection magnetic couple minimum between the iron core, otherwise can reduce the sensitivity of conductivity measurement.According to an embodiment, the mutually perpendicular mounting arrangements of ring-type transformer core realizes that by ring 28 ring 28 comprises two bendings 48 that are in 45 degree.The first driver transformer iron core 10 and the second current sense transformer iron core 12 be through on the ring 28, make they have vertical towards.The 3rd reference current sensor transformer iron core 14 is connected to by any suitable device for mechanical and encircles 28 center section, makes its axis normal in two transformer cores 10,12.In the embodiment shown in Figure 15 and 16, transformer core 14 is connected on the ring 28 by insulating mounting piece 49, and mounting blocks 49 is molded or be processed into iron core 14 and ring 28 are met at right angles.Simple insulation clip or ring, for example plastics sour jujube bar is used for this assembly firmly fixing facing to ring 28.
Second current return 16 is by forming as second lead 17 that passes transformer core body 12 and 14 that illustrates among the last embodiment.Though can adopt the iron core that substitutes diameter, the typical internal diameter of transformer core and external diameter are respectively 18mm and 45mm.In this case, ring 28 has the thickness of about 15mm, passes to allow core body 10 and 12, and allows coverture to avoid scraping around encircling the inside surface that twines with protection ring-type iron core.Ring is used to hold the hole 52 of threaded rod 40 in 28 can depart from the ring center line to keep structural strength.
The applicant has determined to adopt the replacement scheme of current measurement as voltage measurement, and has been found that current measurement is to measure conductivity method preferably.With reference to figure 17-19, in first current return 8 and second current return 16, current measurement all realizes by the first and the 3rd transformer core 10,14 with single secondary coil.This layout provides almost 1: 1 electric current, and is consistent with the electric current by primary coil, provides and be used to measure the excitation insulation of the reometer (not shown) of electric current I simultaneously.In the illustrated embodiment, second transformer core has 100 circles, though coil turn is not critical.Single coil in the first and the 3rd transformer core makes the current i maximum of being measured by reometer.
With reference to figure 20-23, the another kind of application of the present invention is to measure conductivity of electrolyte materials in pipeline.Plate 6 is installed on the insulating mounting plate 20, and it occupies the part of pipeline 18 walls 19.First current return 8 is formed by the first electric conductor coupling plate 6 that adopts first lead, 9 forms.This is arranged in and produces " half current return " that allows non-exciting conductance rate to measure between the plate 6, and is illustrated among the embodiment as mentioned.Installing plate 20 make plate 6 insulated from each other and with tube wall 19 insulation.Though expression in Figure 20-23, the layout of metering circuit and transformer core will be with mentioned above identical, and as shown in Figure 19.Depend on the diameter of pipe 18, insulating mounting plate 20 can occupy any part of tube wall 19 circumference.As shown in Figure 20 and 21, depend on the diameter and/or the geometric configuration of pipe 18, plate 6 can be circumferentially or vertically to arrange.
In an alternate embodiment, as shown in figure 23, a plurality of insulcrete elements 60,61 and 62 that installing plate 20 is had adjacent conductive element 64,65 replace.In this embodiment, conducting element 64,65 adopts the form of a pair of electrical insulation ring 64,65.The same with ring 64,65, plate 60,61 and 62 extends on the whole circumference of tube wall 19.The layout of " half current return " 22 is as indicated above, has the first electric conductor coupling ring 64,65 that adopts first lead 9.
Though describe the present invention, be appreciated that the present invention also is suitable for measuring conductivity in the material under being in other state about in the liquid unit that contains KCl solution, measuring conductivity.And though about measure conductivity in having the material of low conductivity equipment of the present invention and method are illustrated, Shuo Ming equipment and method can also be used for accurately measuring conductivity at the material with high conductivity here.
Run through whole instructions target of the present invention has been described, and do not limited the invention in the set of arbitrary embodiment or special characteristic.Those skilled in the relevant art can realize falling into variation in the scope of the invention according to specific embodiment.For example, the size of pair of conductive element 6, shape, area and insulation, and the size of installing plate 20, shape and area can change to realize optimum result.Also can change specific coil winding arrangement, the material of coil turn and employing, and canonical reference resistance value.
Claims (16)
1, a kind of equipment that is used for measuring conductivity at material, described equipment comprises:
The pair of conductive element;
Be coupled to first electric conductor of described conducting element, described first electric conductor is coupled first transformer core and second transformer core to form first current return; And
Second electric conductor with known resistance is coupled described second transformer core and the 3rd transformer core to form second current return.
2, equipment according to claim 1, wherein said conducting element are bolt or stopper or plate.
3, equipment according to claim 1, wherein said first, second and the 3rd transformer core are ring-type " C ", " O " or " E " deformation depressor iron core or its combination.
4, equipment according to claim 1, wherein said first, second and the 3rd transformer core are FERRITE CORE, laminated core or dust core or its combination.
5, equipment according to claim 1 comprises that also at least one is used to install the installing plate of described conducting element, and described at least one installing plate is attached on the described container of material.
6, equipment according to claim 1, wherein said second current return is partly by being attached on the described installing plate, and forms with the becket of described conducting element electric coupling, and described becket supports described first and second transformer cores.
7, equipment according to claim 6, wherein said first, second is coupled on the described becket with the 3rd transformer core, makes that the axis of transformer core is orthogonal.
8, equipment according to claim 1, the spacing at wherein said conducting element center-center are between a times to ten times of described conducting element diameter.
9, equipment according to claim 1, wherein, in order to measure conductivity in milk system liquid, the spacing at described conducting element center-center is between three times to four times of described conducting element diameter.
10, equipment according to claim 5, wherein the border of at least one installing plate is at least three times of described conducting element diameter.
11, equipment according to claim 1, wherein said first transformer core and described the 3rd transformer core include independent secondary coil separately.
12, equipment according to claim 5, wherein said container are pipes, and described at least one installing plate is at least in part along described pipe longitudinal extension, or circumferentially extend around described pipe at least in part.
13, equipment according to claim 12, wherein said conducting element extends on described pipe circumference.
14, equipment according to claim 13 also comprises being positioned near the described conducting element and the insulcrete element that extends on described pipe circumference.
15, a kind of method of measuring conductivity in material, described method comprises the following steps:
The pair of conductive element is installed to contact with described material;
With the coupling of described pair of conductive element and first electric conductor, described first electric conductor is coupled first transformer core and second transformer core to form first current return;
Described second transformer core and the 3rd transformer core are coupled to form second current return with second electric conductor with known resistance;
Measure the voltage of crossing over described material and described first transformer core;
By measuring the reference voltage of crossing over described the 3rd transformer core, the driving voltage of described second transformer core is crossed in monitoring; With
From crossing over the described voltage of described material, described reference voltage and described known resistance are determined the described conductivity of described material.
16, a kind of method of measuring conductivity in material, described method comprises the following steps:
The pair of conductive element is installed to contact with described material;
With the coupling of described pair of conductive element and first electric conductor, described first electric conductor is coupled first transformer core and second transformer core to form first current return;
Described second transformer core and the 3rd transformer core are coupled to form second current return with second electric conductor with known resistance;
Secondary coil by described first transformer core is measured the electric current that passes through described material;
According to the reference current of measuring by described the 3rd transformer core secondary coil, the driving voltage of described second transformer core is crossed in monitoring; And
From described electric current by described material, described reference current and described known resistance are determined the described conductivity of described material.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2004900161 | 2004-01-15 | ||
| AU2004900161A AU2004900161A0 (en) | 2004-01-15 | Method and apparatus for measuring electrical conductivity | |
| AU2004903333 | 2004-06-21 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1910462A true CN1910462A (en) | 2007-02-07 |
| CN100472218C CN100472218C (en) | 2009-03-25 |
Family
ID=37700829
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005800026443A Expired - Fee Related CN100472218C (en) | 2004-01-15 | 2005-01-14 | Method and apparatus for measuring electrical conductivity |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN100472218C (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101561466B (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2011-01-26 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A method for measuring eddy current conductivity |
| CN101685115B (en) * | 2008-09-28 | 2011-11-09 | 上海比亚迪有限公司 | Method for testing electrical conductivity of powdered material |
| CN103364639A (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2013-10-23 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Measurement method for solution resistance in dynamic pure water system metal corrosion electrochemical measurement |
| CN103534451A (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2014-01-22 | 大陆汽车有限责任公司 | Storage vessel for a liquid, and method for measuring the electric conductivity of a liquid |
| CN103869174A (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2014-06-18 | 恩德莱斯和豪瑟尔测量及调节技术分析仪表两合公司 | Inductive, Conductivity Sensor and Method for its Manufacture |
| CN110658237A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-07 | 南宁学院 | Automatic milk conductivity detection system |
-
2005
- 2005-01-14 CN CNB2005800026443A patent/CN100472218C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101561466B (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2011-01-26 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A method for measuring eddy current conductivity |
| CN101685115B (en) * | 2008-09-28 | 2011-11-09 | 上海比亚迪有限公司 | Method for testing electrical conductivity of powdered material |
| CN103534451A (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2014-01-22 | 大陆汽车有限责任公司 | Storage vessel for a liquid, and method for measuring the electric conductivity of a liquid |
| CN103534451B (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2016-04-20 | 大陆汽车有限责任公司 | Tank for liquid and the method for the conductivity of measuring liquid |
| CN103869174A (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2014-06-18 | 恩德莱斯和豪瑟尔测量及调节技术分析仪表两合公司 | Inductive, Conductivity Sensor and Method for its Manufacture |
| CN103364639A (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2013-10-23 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Measurement method for solution resistance in dynamic pure water system metal corrosion electrochemical measurement |
| CN103364639B (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2016-06-29 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | The measuring method of solution resistance in dynamic pure aquatic system metal corrosion electrochemical measurement |
| CN110658237A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-07 | 南宁学院 | Automatic milk conductivity detection system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100472218C (en) | 2009-03-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP5497759B2 (en) | High-pressure electromagnetic flow meter comprising an electrode assembly with stress resistance | |
| US20170269037A1 (en) | Test method and sensor using magnetostrictively induced guided wave based on open magnetic circuit | |
| US9671260B2 (en) | Magnetically inductive flow meter having a first electrode arrangement for galvanically inducing voltage and a second electrode arrangement for capacitively inducing voltage | |
| CN107110678B (en) | Magnetic-inductive flow measuring device | |
| CN101701836B (en) | Capacitive electromagnetic flow meter used for non full package flow measurement | |
| JP2009294208A (en) | Direct shaft power measurements for rotating machinery | |
| CN1113318A (en) | Electromagnetic flow sensors | |
| CN109708564B (en) | Gas-liquid/oil-gas-water multiphase flow liquid film thickness distributed conductivity measurement method | |
| CN101929883A (en) | The Method of Measuring the Flow of Partially Filled Pipe Conductive Fluid Using Electromagnetic Flowmeter | |
| CN1910462A (en) | Method and apparatus for measuring electrical conductivity | |
| CN103140742B (en) | Electromagnetic flowmeter | |
| CN101198840A (en) | Magnetic induced flow measuring device | |
| RU2339005C2 (en) | Electromagnetic flowmeter | |
| CN202255546U (en) | Sensor based on liquid impedance measurement liquid level | |
| US7866218B2 (en) | Electromagnetic flow meter | |
| CN100385230C (en) | Measuring system for rheological properties of magnetorheological fluid | |
| CN106291119A (en) | A kind of conductivity measuring method, circuit and conductance instrument | |
| EP0199717B1 (en) | Electrode system for the measurement of corrosion rate | |
| CN1782675A (en) | Magnetically inductive flow meter comprises a measuring pipe which is made of plastics | |
| CN107037087A (en) | A kind of sensor and measuring method for measuring Air Concentration in Water Flow | |
| JP2019155297A (en) | Conductivity measuring structure, pure water production apparatus and pure water production method | |
| WO2024176259A1 (en) | Magmeter flow tube assembly with integrated electrode insulation and method of fabrication thereof | |
| AU2005205611B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for measuring electrical conductivity | |
| CN113640370B (en) | Pipeline magnetic flux leakage detector capable of changing direction to excitation | |
| RU2398190C2 (en) | Flow sensor and connection element |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20090325 Termination date: 20120114 |