CN1886126A - 利用n-酰基-l-天冬氨酸的方法和产品 - Google Patents
利用n-酰基-l-天冬氨酸的方法和产品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1886126A CN1886126A CNA2004800349089A CN200480034908A CN1886126A CN 1886126 A CN1886126 A CN 1886126A CN A2004800349089 A CNA2004800349089 A CN A2004800349089A CN 200480034908 A CN200480034908 A CN 200480034908A CN 1886126 A CN1886126 A CN 1886126A
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Abstract
本发明提供了治疗炎症、炎性疾病和病症以及增生性疾病和病症的治疗方法和产品。本发明还提供了抑制切除的细胞、组织和器官中炎症的方法和产品。本发明还提供了治疗动物口腔组织的口腔护理方法和产品。最后,本发明提供了治疗动物皮肤的个人护理方法和产品。所有这些方法和产品利用N-酰基-L-天冬氨酸或其酯或药学上可接受盐。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及利用N-酰基-L-天冬氨酸或其酯或药学上可接受盐的方法和产品。在优选实施方案中,本发明涉及治疗炎症、炎性疾病和病症以及增生性疾病和病症的治疗方法和产品。在另一种实施方案中,本发明涉及处理切除的细胞、组织和器官的方法和产品。在另一种实施方案中,本发明还涉及治疗动物口腔的口腔护理方法和产品。在第四个实施方案中,本发明涉及特别是用于治疗动物皮肤的个人护理方法和产品。
发明背景
炎症是级联事件,躯体通过炎症对各种损伤、感染和应激反应产生应答。炎症应答是应激应答、抵抗感染和愈合伤口的关键,但是炎症也可以引起损害。实际上,炎症是许多疾病和病症的病原性过程的重要部分。此外,许多疾病比如癌症中存在的炎症预示了预后(prognosis)较差。最后,极端地,如果不适当地治疗,炎症可引起危急生命的全身应答。显然,仍需要对于炎症和炎性疾病和病症的治疗。
增生性疾病和病症包括癌症和血管生成疾病和病症(例如,肿瘤生长、肿瘤转移和斑点变性)。仍需要对于增生性疾病和病症的治疗。
发明概述
在一种实施方案中,本发明提供了治疗炎症的方法。该方法包括给予需要治疗的动物有效量的式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐:
R1-C(O)-NH-CH2(CH2-COOR2)-COOR2 (I)
其中
R1是H、低级烷基或被卤原子取代的低级烷基,以及
R2,各R2可相同或不同,是H或烷基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基或芳烷基,其各自可任选被极性取代基取代。
在另一种实施方案中,本发明涉及治疗炎性疾病或病症的方法。该方法包括给予需要治疗的动物有效量的式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐。
在另一种实施方案中,本发明提供了治疗增生性疾病或病症方法。该方法包括给予需要治疗的动物有效量的式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐。
在另一种实施方案中,本发明提供了治疗皮肤疾病或病症方法。该方法包括给予需要治疗的动物有效量的式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐。
在另一种实施方案中,本发明提供了药物组合物。该组合物含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐以及药学上可接受的载体。
在另一种实施方案中,本发明提供了处理已从动物体中移出的细胞、组织或器官的方法。该方法包括使用含有有效量式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的溶液或培养基(medium)接触该细胞、组织或器官。
在另一种实施方案中,本发明提供了用于接触已从动物体中移出的细胞、组织或器官的溶液或培养基。该溶液或培养基含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐。
在另一种实施方案中,本发明提供了用于使用式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐接触已从动物体中移出的细胞、组织或器官的试剂盒。该试剂盒含有存放式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的容器。
在另一种实施方案中,治疗动物口腔组织的方法。该方法包括使用有效量式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐接触该组织。
在另一种实施方案中,本发明提供了治疗动物口腔疾病或病症的方法。该方法包括给予动物有效量式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐。
在另一种实施方案中,本发明提供了洁白动物一个或多个牙齿的方法。该方法包括使用有效量式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐接触动物口腔的组织。
在其它实施方案中,本发明提供了含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的口腔护理产品以及含有该口腔护理产品的试剂盒。该口腔护理产品可以是口腔护理器具(device)或口腔护理组合物。
在另一种实施方案中,本发明提供了治疗动物部分皮肤的方法。该方法包括使用有效量式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐接触动物部分皮肤。
在其他实施方案中,本发明提供了含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的个人护理产品以及含有该个人护理产品的试剂盒。该个人护理产品可以是个人护理器具或个人护理组合物。
附图的简单说明
图1.伊屋诺霉素-刺激的STTG细胞中前列腺素E2(PGE2)生成的抑制百分比。使用实施例1中描述的PGE2酶免疫测定法,在经N-乙酰基-L-天冬氨酸(NAA)、阿司匹林(Asp)或地塞米松(Dex)处理的伊屋诺霉素-刺激的STTG细胞中测定PGE2的生成。使用NAA、Asp或Dex预培养细胞1小时,然后使用1μM伊屋诺霉素于37℃、10%CO2中刺激24小时。与不含NAA、Asp或Dex的伊屋诺霉素-刺激的STTG细胞相比较,测量PGE2生成的抑制百分比。数据代表三个单独试验的均值±SD。星号表示在未处理、伊屋诺霉素-刺激的STTG细胞与处理过的、伊屋诺霉素-刺激的STTG细胞之间具有显著差异:*p<0.01。Iono=伊屋诺霉素。
图2.谷氨酸受体拮抗剂和NAA对于经伊屋诺霉素刺激的STTG细胞中PGE2释放的作用。使用实施例1中描述的PGE2酶免疫测定法,在经NAA或潜在的谷氨酸受体拮抗剂(AP-4和GDE)处理的伊屋诺霉素-刺激的STTG细胞中测定PGE2的生成。使用NAA或潜在的谷氨酸受体拮抗剂预培养细胞1小时,然后使用1μM伊屋诺霉素于37℃、10%CO2中刺激24小时。与不含NAA或潜在的谷氨酸受体拮抗剂的伊屋诺霉素-刺激的STTG细胞相比较,测量PGE2生成的抑制百分比。数据代表三个单独试验的均值±SD。星号表示在未处理、伊屋诺霉素-刺激的STTG细胞与处理过的、伊屋诺霉素-刺激的STTG细胞之间具有显著差异:*p<0.01。AP-4=L-2-氨基-4-膦酰基丁酸,以及GDE=L-谷氨酸二乙酯。
图3.在经NAA和阿司匹林处理的IL-1β-刺激的STTG细胞中,总COX-2蛋白的例示性蛋白质印迹(Western blot)。细胞于37℃、10%CO2中培养24小时。细胞给药如下:未处理(泳道1)、200μM阿司匹林(泳道2)、10mM NAA(泳道3)、1ng/ml IL-1β(泳道4)、2ng/ml IL-1β(泳道5)、1ng/ml IL-1β+200μM阿司匹林(泳道6)、2ng/ml IL-1β+200μM阿司匹林(泳道7)、1ng/ml IL-1β+10mM NAA(泳道8)或2ng/ml IL-1β+10mM NAA(泳道9)。裂解细胞并从400μg总裂解液蛋白中免疫沉淀COX-2蛋白过夜(1∶500山羊抗人COX-2)。将免疫沉淀物装载于4-20%tris-甘氨酸凝胶上并在硝酸纤维素膜上迁移过夜。使用山羊抗人COX-2抗体(1∶100)和1∶5,000兔抗山羊IgG定量总COX-2蛋白。通过化学发光显像该膜。
图4。在经IL-1β-刺激的STTG细胞中NAA对于NFκB水平的作用。给予细胞NAA并立即使用1ng/ml IL-1β于37℃、10%CO2中刺激24小时。裂解细胞,使用基于ELISA的方法测定10μg总蛋白以确定活化NFκB水平。数据代表三个单独试验的均值±SD。百分比是抑制活化的NFκB生成的百分比。星号表示在未处理、IL-1β-刺激的STTG细胞与NAA-处理的、IL-1β-刺激的STTG细胞之间具有显著差异:*p<0.005。
发明详述
本发明优选的实施方案
A.化合物
本发明提供了利用式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的方法和产品:
R1-C(O)-NH-CH2(CH2-COOR2)-COOR2 (I)
其中
R1是H、低级烷基或被卤原子取代的低级烷基,以及
R2,各R2可相同或不同,是H或烷基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基或芳烷基,其各自可任选被极性取代基取代。
高度优选N-乙酰基-L-天冬氨酸(NAA)或NAA的药学上可接受的盐。
本文所用“烷基”意指直链或支链的饱和烃,优选包含1-30个碳原子,更优选包含1-20个碳原子(例如,甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基等)。
本文所用“芳基”意指含有至少一个芳香环的芳基(例如,苯基)。
本文所用“烷芳基”意指具有芳基与其相连的烷基(例如,-CH2C6H5或-CH3CH(C6H5)CH3)。
本文所用“芳烷基”意指具有烷基与其相连的芳基(例如,-C6H4-CH3)。
本文所用“环烷基”意指包含至少一个环的饱和环烃(例如,环己基)。
本文所用“卤原子”意指溴、氯、氟和碘原子。优选用1-2个氯原子或1-3个氟原子取代低级烷基。
本文所用“低级烷基”意指包含1-3个碳原子的烷基。
如本文所用,“极性取代基”是指通常在水溶液中带电荷的取代基(例如,-OH、-COOH和-NH2)。
式I化合物可从许多地方购得并可根据本领域公知方法合成。式I覆盖的许多化合物的商业来源包括Sigma-Aldrich Co.,St.Louis,MO,RhodiaPharma Solutions,Cranbury,NJ,Spectrum Chemicals & Laboratory ProductsInc.,Gardena,CA,BIOTREND Chemikalien GmbH,Cologne,Germany,Degussa AG,Marl,Germany,CHEMOS GmbH,Regenstauf,Germany,和DSLChemicals(Shanghai)Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai,China和The Lab Depot,Inc.,Alpharetta,GA。适用于制备式I化合物的方法包括例如Bodansky和Bodansky,The Practice of Peptide Synthesis,pages 63-66(第2版,Springer-Verlag,1994),Moore等,Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics,413(1):1-8(May 2003),Liwschitz等,J.Chem.Soc.C,223-225(1971)以及美国专利号5,399,570、5,756,465和6,200,969中描述的方法。
式I化合物的药学上可接受盐包括常规的无毒性盐,比如来源无机或有机碱的盐(例如,药学上可接受金属阳离子的氢氧化物、碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐)。通过常规方法制备这些盐,例如使游离酸形式化合物与碱中和。
B.治疗方法和药物组合物
本发明提供治疗某些疾病和病症的治疗方法和药物组合物。这些方法和组合物利用式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐。本文所用的“治疗”意指减轻(完全或部分地)疾病或病症的症状或严重程度,包括治愈疾病或病症或预防(完全或部分地)疾病或病症。
具体地,式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐可用于抑制炎症。因此,式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐可用于治疗炎症。在一种优选实施方案中,式I化合物I或其药学上可接受盐用于治疗口腔组织、粘膜、部分皮肤、部分呼吸系统或部分胃肠道的炎症。在更优选实施方案中,式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐用于治疗口腔组织、粘膜或部分皮肤的炎症。
本文所用的“抑制”意指减轻(完全或部分地)或预防(完全或部分地)。
应当注意“一种”实体(“a”or“an”entity)是指一种或多种实体。例如,“一部分”是指一个或多个部分。
式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐还可用于治疗炎性疾病或病症。炎性疾病或病症是引起炎症、由炎症引起、涉及炎症或加重炎症的疾病或病症。在优选实施方案中,式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐用于治疗口腔、皮肤、呼吸系统或胃肠道的炎性疾病或病症。在更优选实施方案中,式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐用于治疗口腔或皮肤的炎性疾病或病症。可以用式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐治疗的具体炎性疾病和病症包括急性呼吸窘迫综合征、变应性、关节炎、哮喘、自身免疫疾病(例如,多发性硬化)、支气管炎、癌症、结肠炎、克隆病、囊性纤维化、肺气肿、心内膜炎、牙龈炎、牙周炎、胃炎、感染(细菌、病毒、酵母、真菌和寄生感染)、炎性肠病、炎性皮肤疾病和病症(见下文)、缺血再灌注、多器官功能障碍综合征、多器官故障、肾炎、神经变性的疾病(例如,阿尔茨海默氏病、肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症、亨廷顿氏舞蹈病、帕金森氏病、老年性痴呆)、胰腺炎、牛皮癣、呼吸道病毒感染、脓毒症、休克、全身炎症应答综合症、创伤、溃疡性结肠炎以及其它炎性病症和疾病。
除了炎症和炎性疾病和病症外,式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐可用于治疗增生性疾病和病症。增生疾病或病症是引起细胞增生的、由细胞增生引起的、涉及细胞增生的或加重细胞增生的疾病或病症。可以使用式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐治疗的具体增生性疾病和病症包括癌症、血管增生性疾病、肾小球膜细胞增殖疾病和纤维变性的疾病。
可用式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐治疗的具体癌症包括癌、肉瘤、脑癌、头颈癌、乳腺癌、子宫颈癌(cervical)、卵巢癌、子宫癌、前列腺癌、胃癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、胰腺癌、膀胱癌、甲状腺癌、肝癌、肺癌、骨癌、皮肤癌、血癌、淋巴瘤和白血病。
血管增生性疾病包括血管生成疾病和病症。血管生成疾病或病症是引起血管生成的、由血管生成引起、涉及血管生成、加重血管生成或取决于血管生成的疾病或病症。血管生成是体内形成新血管的过程且式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐将抑制血管生成。可根据本发明治疗的具体血管生成疾病和病症包括肿瘤疾病(例如,肿瘤(如,膀胱瘤、脑瘤、乳腺瘤、宫颈瘤、结肠瘤、直肠瘤、肾瘤、肺瘤、卵巢瘤、胰腺瘤、前列腺瘤、胃瘤和子宫瘤)和肿瘤转移)、良性肿瘤(例如,血管瘤、听神经瘤、神经纤维瘤、沙眼、和致热肉芽瘤)、肥大(例如,甲状腺激素诱发的心脏肥大)、结缔组织疾病(例如,类风湿性关节炎和动脉硬化症)、牛皮癣、眼睛血管生成疾病(例如,糖尿病性视网膜病、早产儿视网膜病、斑变性、角膜的移植排斥、新生血管性青光眼、晶状体后纤维组织增生、和潮红)、心血管疾病、脑血管疾病、子宫内膜异位、息肉病、肥胖症、糖尿病相关疾病、血友病性关节、和免疫疾病(例如,慢性炎症、自身免疫疾病(例如,多发性硬化)和移植排斥)。式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐还可以用于抑制胚胎植入所需的血管化,由此提供了节育方法。
肾小球膜细胞增生疾病是指肾小球膜细胞的异常增生引起的疾病。肾小球膜细胞增生疾病包括肾病比如肾小球肾炎、糖尿病性肾病、恶性肾硬化、血栓形成性微血管病综合征和肾小球病。
纤维变性的疾病是指细胞外基质的异常形成。纤维变性的疾病的实例包括肝硬变、肺纤维化(包括特发性肺纤维化)和动脉粥样硬化。
其它增生疾病包括过度增生性皮肤病,比如牛皮癣、皮肤癌和表皮过度增生。牛皮癣的特点在于炎症、表皮过度增生以及细胞分化降低。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐将用于治疗皮肤疾病和病症。可用式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐治疗的皮肤病和病症包括痤疮、皮炎、湿疹、角化病、弹性组织变性、牛皮癣、感染(例如,麻疹和水痘)、烧伤、晒斑、变态反应(例如,疹和荨麻疹)、任何其它的皮肤炎性疾病或病症、以及皮肤癌。
在本发明另外优选实施方案中,式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐将用于治疗口腔疾病和病症。可用式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐治疗的口腔疾病和病症包括黏膜白斑病、扁平苔癣、感染、其它炎性疾病和病症、以及口腔癌症。许多其它口腔疾病和病症比如牙龈炎和牙周炎,通常将由牙科医生或在其监督下治疗,这些疾病和病症的治疗描述在下面的口服护理产品和方法部分中。
在本发明另一个优选实施方案中,式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐将用于治疗粘膜疾病和病症或涉及粘膜的疾病和病症。这些疾病和病症包括变应性、感染和炎性疾病和病症。
式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐可以用于治疗上述疾病或病症。为实现此目的,将其给予需要治疗这样疾病或病症的动物。优选地,该动物是哺乳动物,如兔、山羊、狗、猫、马或人类。最优选,该动物是人类。
式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的有效剂型、给药方式和剂量可以凭经验确定,这样的确定在本领域技术范围内。本领域技术人员应理解剂量将随着所治疗的疾病或病症、该疾病或病症的严重程度、给药途径、化合物的排泄率、治疗持续时间、给予该动物的任何其它药物性质、动物的年龄、大小和物种等医学或兽医领域已知因素而改变。通常,式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的适宜日剂量是该化合物有效地产生疗效的最低剂量时的量。但是,日剂量将由主治医师或兽医在合理的医学判断范围内确定。如果需要,该有效日剂量可以是以两个、三个、四个、五个、六个或更多的亚剂量在全天内以适当的间隔分别给予。式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐应该持续给药直至实现可接受的应答。
式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐可以是通过任何适宜的给药途径给予动物患者用于治疗,包括口服、经鼻、经直肠、经阴道、胃肠外(例如,静脉内、椎管内(intraspinally)、腹膜内、皮下或肌内)、脑池内(intracistemally)、透皮、颅内、大脑内以及局部给药(包括含服和舌下给药)。式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐优选通过任何局部给药形式给药。本文所用的“局部给药”意指通过使高剂量式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐提供于疾病或病症位点处或其附近的给药途径和/或具体制剂而给予式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐。局部给药(local administration)的实例包括局部的给药(topical administration)(例如,将包含式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的洗剂、乳膏或软膏剂施用于皮肤以治疗皮肤疾病或病症,或采用吸入器给予式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐以治疗呼吸系统的疾病或病症)、鼻腔给药(例如,以鼻腔喷雾给予式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐以治疗鼻腔疾病或病症)、眼睛给药(例如,以滴眼剂或通过眼内注射剂给予式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐以治疗眼睛疾病或病症),阴道给药,直肠给药,肿瘤内给药以及局部口服给药(例如,以冲洗剂(rinse)或糖浆剂(syrup)给予式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐以治疗口腔或咽喉疾病或病症,或者给予式I化合物(优选地其中R2或者是长链烷基(即,包含6个或更多碳原子)或是H或是被极性取代基取代,以防止该化合物的全身吸收)或者其药学上可接受盐以治疗胃肠道疾病或病症)。局部给药的最优选方式是局部口服给药和局部给药。
虽然式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐可单独给药,但优选其作为药物制剂(组合物)给药。本发明药物组合物含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐作为活性成分,并混合有一种或多种药学上可接受载体以及任选的一种或多种其它化合物、药物或其它材料。各载体必须是“可接受的”,其含义为与该制剂其它成分相兼容以及对于动物无害。药学上可接受载体为为本领域所熟知。不管所选择的给药途径,本发明化合物均通过本领域技术人员已知的常规方法配制成药学上可接受的剂型。例如参见Remington′s PharmaceuticalSciences。
本发明适于口服给药的制剂可以是胶囊、扁囊剂、丸剂、片剂、粉剂、粒剂的形式或作为含水或非水液体中的溶液或悬浮液、或水包油或油包水液体乳液、或作为酏剂或糖浆、或作为锭剂(使用惰性基质,比如明胶和甘油或蔗糖和阿拉伯树胶),等等,各自包含预定量的式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐作为活性成分。式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐还可作为大丸剂、干药糖剂(electuary)或糊剂给药。
在用于口服给药的本发明固体剂型(胶囊、片剂、丸剂、糖衣丸(dragees)、粉剂、粒剂等等)中,式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐与一种或多种药学上可接受的载体比如柠檬酸钠或磷酸氢钙和/或任何下列物质混合:(1)填充剂或补充剂(extender),比如淀粉,乳糖,蔗糖,葡萄糖,甘露醇和/或硅酸;(2)粘合剂,比如,羧甲基纤维素,褐藻酸盐,明胶,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,蔗糖和/或阿拉伯胶;(3)湿润剂,比如甘油;(4)崩解剂,比如琼脂,碳酸钙,马铃薯或木薯淀粉,褐藻酸,某些硅酸盐,和碳酸钠;(5)溶液阻滞剂,比如石蜡;(6)吸收促进剂,比如季铵化合物;(7)润湿剂,比如,鲸蜡醇和甘油单硬脂酸酯;(8)吸收剂,比如高岭土和皂土粘土;(9)润滑剂,比如滑石粉,硬脂酸钙,硬脂酸镁,固体聚乙二醇,月桂基硫酸钠,及其混合物;和(10)着色剂。就胶囊、片剂和丸剂而言,该药物组合物还可包含缓冲剂。在使用例如乳糖或乳糖以及高分子量聚乙二醇等赋形剂的软和硬-填充胶囊中,可使用相似类型的固体组合物作为填充剂。
片剂可通过任选与一种或多种助剂压制或模制而制备。制备压制片时可以使用粘合剂(例如,明胶或羟丙基甲基纤维素)、润滑剂、惰性稀释剂、防腐剂、崩解剂(例如,淀粉羟基乙酸钠或交联羧甲基纤维素钠)、表面活性剂或分散剂。制备模制片时可以在适宜的机器中模制粉末状式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐经惰性液体稀释剂润湿的混合物。
本发明的药物组合物的片剂和的其它固体剂型比如糖衣丸、胶囊、丸剂和粒剂,可以任选以包衣和外壳如肠溶衣以及药物制剂领域公知的其它包衣对其进行刻痕(scored)或制备。它们还可经配制以提供缓慢或控制活性成分的释放,其中使用例如不同比例的羟丙基甲基纤维素以提供所需的释放曲线,以及其它聚合物基质、脂质体和/或微球。它们可通过例如细菌-截留滤器过滤而灭菌。这些组合物还可任选包含遮光剂并可以是仅在或优选在胃肠道某一部分释放活性成分的组合物,任选为延迟的方式。可使用的包埋组合物(embedding compositions)的例子包括聚合物和蜡。活性成分还可以在微囊剂型中。
用于口服给予式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的液体剂型包括药学上可接受的乳剂、微乳剂、溶液、悬浮液、糖浆和酏剂。除式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐之外,该液体剂型可以包含本领域常用的惰性稀释剂,比如水或其它溶剂、增溶剂和乳化剂,比如乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苄醇、苯甲酸苄酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、油类(特别是棉籽油、落花生油、玉米油、种子(germ)油、橄榄油、蓖麻油和芝麻油类)、甘油、四氢呋喃基醇、聚乙二醇和脱水山梨醇的脂肪酸酯及其混合物。
除惰性稀释剂之外,该口服组合物还可以包括助剂比如润湿剂、乳化剂和悬浮剂、增甜剂、调味剂、着色剂、香料和防腐剂。
除式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐之外,悬浮液可以包含悬浮剂例如乙氧基化异硬脂基醇、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇和山梨聚糖酯、微晶纤维素、偏氢氧化铝、膨润土、琼脂和黄蓍胶及其混合物。
本发明药物组合物直肠或阴道给药的制剂可以是栓剂,其可以通过将式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐与一种或多种合适的无刺激性的赋形剂或载体混合制备,其中赋形剂或载体包括例如可可脂,聚乙二醇,栓剂蜡或水杨酸盐,该栓剂在室温下是固体但在体温下是液体,因此,将在直肠或阴道腔内熔融并释放活性化合物。适于阴道给药的本发明制剂还包括包含本领域已知的适当载体的阴道栓剂(pessaries)、棉塞(tampons)、乳膏、凝胶剂、糊剂、泡沫体或喷雾制剂。
用于局部或透皮给予式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的剂型包括粉剂、喷雾剂、软膏剂、糊剂、乳膏、洗剂、凝胶剂、溶液、贴剂、滴剂和吸入剂。式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐可以在无菌条件下与药学上可接受的载体、与任何缓冲剂或所需要的抛射剂混合。
软膏剂、糊剂、乳膏和凝胶剂可以包含,除式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐之外,赋形剂,比如动物和植物脂肪、油类、蜡、石蜡、淀粉、黄蓍胶、纤维素衍生物、聚乙二醇、硅酮、膨润土、硅酸、滑石粉和氧化锌或其混合物。
粉剂和喷雾剂包含,除式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐之外,赋形剂比如乳糖,滑石粉,硅酸,氢氧化铝,硅酸钙和聚酰胺粉末或这些物质的混合物。喷雾剂还可包含惯常的气雾剂基质比如氯氟烃和挥发性的未取代的烃比如丁烷和丙烷。
透皮贴剂具有额外的优点,提供了式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐向身体的控制释放。制备这些剂型时可以在适当介质比如弹性基质材料中溶解、分散或者混合式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐。还可使用吸收促进剂提高式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐穿过皮肤时的流量(flux)。通过提供速率控制膜或在聚合物基质或凝胶中分散式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐可控制流量速率。
药物制剂包括适合通过吸入或吹入或经鼻或眼内给药的制剂。为了通过吸入给药于上(鼻)或下呼吸道,从吹入器、喷雾器或加压包装或释放气溶胶喷雾的其它方便器具中方便地递送式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐。加压包装可以含有适宜的抛射剂比如二氯二氟甲烷、三氯氟甲烷、二氯四氟乙烷、二氧化碳或其它适宜气体。就加压气雾剂而言,剂量单位可通过提供计量定量递送阀而确定。
可供选择地,对于通过吸入或吹入给药,该组合物可以采取干粉形式,例如式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐与适宜的粉剂基质比如乳糖或淀粉的粉末混合物。该粉末组合物可以存在于单位剂型中,例如胶囊或柱体(cartridge)或例如明胶或泡眼包装,从其中借助于吸入器、吹入器或计量剂量吸入器给予该粉剂。
对于鼻内给药,式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐可以通过滴鼻剂或液体喷雾剂比如通过塑料瓶喷雾器或计量剂量吸入器给药。典型的喷雾器是Mistometer(Wintrop)和Medihaler(Riker)。
可以使用含有一种或多种分散剂、增溶剂或悬浮剂的含水或非水基质配制滴剂比如滴眼剂或滴鼻剂。液体喷雾剂从加压包装中方便地释放。滴剂可以通过简单的带盖滴眼剂瓶或通过适于逐滴给予液体内容物的特殊成形封闭塑料瓶给药。
本发明适于肠胃外给药的药物组合物含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐并混合了一种或多种药学上可接受的无菌等渗含水或非水溶液、分散液、悬浮液或乳剂,或者是可以在恰要使用之前重新组成无菌可注射溶液或分散剂的无菌粉剂,其可以包含抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、使得制剂与预定接受者血液等渗的溶质、悬浮剂或增稠剂。
在本发明药物组合物中可以使用的含水和非水载体的实例包括水、乙醇、多元醇(比如甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇,等等)、及其合适的混合物、植物油比如橄榄油、以及可注射的有机酯比如油酸乙酯。例如通过使用膜料比如卵磷脂,对于分散剂而言通过维持所需的粒径,以及通过使用表面活性剂可维持适当的流动性。
这些组合物还可包含助剂比如润湿剂、乳化剂和分散剂。该组合物中还预期包括等渗剂比如糖、氯化钠,等等。此外,通过包含延迟吸收的试剂比如单硬脂酸铝和明胶可导致注射药物剂型的吸收延长。
在一些情况中,为了延长药物的作用,需要延缓药物经皮下注射或肌肉注射的吸收。这可通过使用水溶性差的晶体或无定形物质的液体悬浮液而实现。此时,药物的吸收率取决于它的溶解速率,溶解速率又可取决于晶体大小和晶型。可供选择地,在油性媒介中溶解或悬浮药物也可延迟胃肠外给药药物的吸收。
通过药物在可生物降解的聚合物比如聚交酯-聚乙醇酸交酯中形成微囊基质制备长效注射形式(Iniectable depot forms)。取决于药物与聚合物的比例以及所用具体聚合物的性质,可以控制药物释放速率。其它可生物降解聚合物的例子包括聚(原酸酯)和聚(酸酐)。长效注射制剂还可通过将药物包埋在与机体组织相兼容的脂质体或微乳剂中制备。可注射物可以经例如细菌-截留滤器过滤灭菌。
该制剂可以存在于单位-剂量或多剂量密封容器中,例如安瓿和小瓶,并且可以以冷冻干燥的状态储存,仅需要在恰要使用之前添加无菌液体载体例如注射用水。可以由如上所述的无菌粉剂、粒剂和片剂制备临时注射剂溶液和悬浮液。
式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐可以单独给药或可以与一种或多种其它药物、化合物或其它材料联合给药。例如,式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐可与一种或多种其它抗炎化合物包括甾类、非甾类抗炎化合物(如阿司匹林、布洛芬等)以及描述于美国专利申请09/678,202、09/922,234和10/186,168以及PCT申请WO 01/25265、PCT申请WO 02/11676和PCT申请WO02/64620中的那些抗炎化合物联合给药,上述文献的全部公开在此引入作为参考。
C.切除的细胞、组织和器官
已从动物体内移出的组织或器官可以与包含有效量式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的溶液接触(例如,通过将组织或器官置于溶液中和/或通过使用溶液灌注器官(例如,肾))以抑制炎症。这些溶液所含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的有效量可以凭经验确定,并且这样的确定在本领域技术范围内。得到的组织或器官随后可用于移植入受者体内或用于研究目的(例如,使用灌注肝筛选药物)。式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐可单独使用或可以与其它化合物、药物或材料联合使用。
已知许多适合用于组织和器官的溶液中可加入式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐。例如参见Hauet等,J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.,297,946-953(2001);Hauet等,J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.,292,254-260(2000);Dunphy等,Am.J.Physiol,276,H1591-H1598(1999);Muhlbacher等,Transplant Proc.,31,2069-2070(1999);Watts等,J.Mol.Cell.Cardiol.,31,1653-1666(1999);Suzer等,Pharmacol.Res.,37,97-101(1998);Collins等,Kidney Int′l,42,Suppl.38,S-197-S-202(1992);Paller,Ren.Fail.,14,257-260(1992);Baron等,J.Surg.Res.,51,60-65(1991);Hisatomi等,Transplantation,52,754-755(1991);Belzer等,Transplantation,45,673-76(1988);美国专利号4,798,824、4,873,230、4,879,283、5,514,536,和5,710,172;和PCT申请WO98/35551(前述所有公开在此引入作为参考)。
例如用于冲洗并冷藏心脏的溶液为CelsiorTM溶液(可得自SangStatMedical Corp.,Fremont,CA)。CelsiorTM溶液包含:
表A
组分 | 浓度 |
甘露醇 | 60mmol |
乳糖酸 | 80mmol |
谷氨酸 | 20mmol |
组胺 | 30mmol |
氯化钙 | 0.25mmol |
氯化钾 | 15mmol |
氯化镁 | 13mmol |
氢氧化钠 | 100mmol |
还原型谷胱甘肽 | 3mmol |
注射用水 | 补至1升 |
可接受的肾保存标准溶液是University Of Wisconsin溶液(可得自BarrLaboratories,商品名为ViaSpan),其具有如下组成:
表B
组分 | 浓度 | 功能 |
棉子糖 | 30mM(17.83g/L) | 防渗剂:抑制低温细胞肿胀 |
乳糖酸 | 100mM(35.83g/L) | 防渗剂:抑制低温细胞肿胀 |
Pentafraction(羟乙基淀粉) | 50g/L | 胶体:降低间质水肿和内皮细胞肿胀 |
谷胱甘肽 | 3mM(0.992g/L) | 抗氧化剂 |
别嘌醇 | 1mM(0.136g/L) | 抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶活性和嘌呤代谢/降低氧自由基 |
腺苷 | 5mM(1.34g/L) | 恢复高能磷酸 |
磷酸钾 | 25mM(3.4g/L) | pH缓冲剂:维持细胞内钠和钾浓度:恢复高能磷酸 |
硫酸镁 | 5mM(1.23g/L) | 保存细胞内镁浓度 |
氢氧化钾 | 100mM(5.61g/L) | 维持细胞内钠和钾浓度 |
氢氧化钠 | 27mM | 维持细胞内钠和钾浓度 |
使用氢氧化钠或盐酸将溶液pH调整至7.4。最终:钠=29mM;钾=125mM;mOsm/L=320±10恰在使用前,配制成最终溶液,无菌加入:青霉素G 200,000单位,常规胰岛素40单位以及地塞米松16mg。 |
式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐可用于这两种溶液任何之一、这些溶液的变化、或者本领域已知的或将开发出来的许多溶液之一中。式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐可以包括在溶液中或可以分别提供(例如,以冷冻干燥形式)并在使用时添加。
从动物分离的细胞可以在包含有效量式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的培养基中储存或培养。已知许多合适的培养基。培养基内含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的有效量可以凭经验确定,并且该确定在本领域技术范围内。式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐可以包括在培养基中或可以分别提供(例如,以冷冻干燥形式)并在使用时添加。这些细胞可给予需要其的受试者(如用于基因治疗)或可用于研究目的。
发明还提供了使用式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐接触已从动物体内移出的细胞、组织或器官的试剂盒。该试剂盒是装有试剂以及可用于保存收获的细胞、组织或器官的其它物品的一个或多个容器的包装组合。试剂盒包含存放式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的容器。适宜的容器包括瓶子、袋、小瓶、试管、注射器和本领域已知的其它容器。例如,该试剂盒可以含有包含式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的小瓶。该试剂盒还可包含本领域已知的以及基于商业和使用的立场所希望的其它物品,比如用于细胞、组织或器官的容器、稀释剂、缓冲剂、空注射器、输液管、纱布垫、消毒剂溶液,等等。该试剂盒将还包括使用该试剂盒以使其中所含式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐与细胞、组织或器官相接触的说明书。
D.口腔护理产品和方法
式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐还可以在口腔护理产品中给予动物。口腔护理产品包括口腔护理组合物和口腔护理器具。
本发明口服的护理组合物包括清洗液(washes)、冲洗剂(rinses)、漱口液(gargles)、溶液、滴剂、乳膏、悬浮液、液体、糊剂、凝胶剂、软膏、乳剂、喷雾剂、粉剂、片剂、胶剂、锭剂、薄荷剂(mints)、薄膜、贴剂、和牙齿增白组合物。本发明口服的护理组合物包括意在供消费者和患者使用的组合物以及意在供牙科从业人员(例如,牙科保健员、牙科医生和口腔外科医生)使用的组合物。
本发明的口腔护理组合物含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐作为活性成分并混合有一种或多种药学上可接受的载体。本发明口腔护理组合物还可包含一种或多种其它可接受的组分,包括其它活性化合物和/或其它通常用于口腔护理组合物的成分。各载体和成分必须是“可接受的”,其含义为与该制剂的其它成分相兼容并对动物无害。
本领域公知用于口腔护理组合物的合适的成分,包括药学上可接受的载体,以及口腔护理组合物的制备和使用方法。例如参见美国专利号4,847,283、5,032,384、5,043,183、5,180,578、5,198,220、5,242,910、5,286,479、5,298,237、5,328,682、5,407,664、5,466,437、5,707,610、5,709,873、5,738,840、5,817,295、5,858,408、5,876,701、5,906,811、5,932,193、5,932,191、5,951,966、5,976,507、6,045,780、6,197,331、6,228,347、6,251,372和6,350,438,PCT申请WO95/32707、PCT申请WO 96/08232和PCT申请WO 02/13775以及EP申请471,396,其全部公开在此引入作为参考。用于口腔护理组合物的常规成分包括水、醇、湿润剂、表面活性剂、增稠剂、研磨剂、调味剂、甜味剂、抗菌剂、抗龋齿剂、抗噬斑(anti-plaque)剂、抗结石剂、pH-调节剂,等等。
用于口腔护理组合物的水优选低离子含量的水。它还应不含有机杂质。
醇必须是无毒的。优选醇是乙醇。乙醇是溶剂并还可用作抗菌剂和收敛剂。
适于用于口腔护理组合物的湿润剂包括可食用的多元醇的比如甘油、山梨糖醇、木糖醇、丁二醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、甘露糖醇和乳糖醇。湿润剂帮助防止口腔护理组合物比如糊剂接触空气时的硬化,使得口腔护理组合物在口腔中具有湿润的感觉,并且可赋予所希望的甜味。
表面活性剂包括阴离子的、非离子的、两性的、两性离子的和阳离子的合成清洁剂(detergent)。阴离子表面活性剂包括烷基中具有8-20个碳原子的烷基硫酸酯水溶盐(比如烷基硫酸钠)、具有8-20个碳原子的磺化甘油单脂肪酸酯(比如月桂基硫酸钠和椰油酸单酸甘油酯磺酸钠)、肌氨酸盐(比如月桂酰肌氨酸、十四酰肌氨酸、棕榈酰肌氨酸、硬脂酰肌氨酸盐和油酰基肌氨酸的钠盐和钾盐)、牛磺酸盐、高级烷基磺基乙酸盐(比如月桂基磺基乙酸钠)、羟乙基磺酸盐(比如月桂酰羟乙基磺酸钠)、聚乙二醇单十二烷基醚(lautreth)羧酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠及上述混合物。优选肌氨酸盐,因为它们在口腔中抑制由碳水化合物降解导致的酸的形成。非离子型表面活性剂包括泊洛沙姆(以商标名Pluronic出售)、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇酯(以商标名Tween出售)、脂肪醇乙氧基化物、烷基酚的聚氧化乙烯缩合物、来源于环氧乙烷与脂肪酸、脂肪醇、脂肪酰胺、多元醇和聚氧化丙烯缩合的产品、脂族醇的环氧乙烷缩合物、长链叔胺氧化物、长链叔膦氧化物、长链二烷基亚砜、以及这些物质的混合物。两性表面活性剂包括甜菜碱(比如椰油酰氨基丙基甜菜碱(cocamidopropylbetaine))、脂肪族仲胺和叔胺衍生物,其中脂烃基可以是直链或支链的并且其中一个脂肪族取代基包含约8-18个碳原子且一个包含阴离子水增溶基团(比如羧基、磺酸根、硫酸根、磷酸根或膦酸根),以及这些物质的混合物。两性离子表面活性剂包括脂肪族季铵、和锍化合物衍生物,其中脂烃基可以是直链或支链的并且其中一个脂肪族的取代基包含约8-18个碳原子且一个包含阴离子水增溶基团(比如羧基、磺酸根、硫酸根、磷酸根或膦酸根)。阳离子表面活性剂包括具有一个包含约8-18个碳原子的长烷基链的脂肪族季铵化合物(比如月桂基三甲基氯化铵、氯化鲸蜡基吡啶、溴化鲸蜡基三甲基铵、氯化二异丁基苯氧乙基二甲基苄铵、椰子烷基三甲基亚硝酸铵、氟化十六烷基吡啶)。某些阳离子表面活性剂还可起抗微生物作用。
增稠剂包括羧乙烯聚合物、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酸酯、卡拉胶、纤维素衍生物(例如,羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素和羟乙基纤维素)、合成锂皂石(laponite)、纤维素醚的水溶盐(比如羧甲基纤维素钠和羧甲基羟乙基纤维素钠)、天然树胶(比如刺梧桐树胶、黄原胶、阿拉伯树胶和黄芪胶)、聚醚化合物(比如聚氧化乙烯和聚氧化丙烯)、季戊四醇烷基醚交联的丙烯酸均聚物、蔗糖烷基醚、卡波姆(以商品名Carbopol出售)、淀粉、丙交酯和乙交酯单体的共聚物(该共聚物的平均分子量约为1,000-120,000)、胶质的硅酸铝镁和细粉硅胶。加入足够量的增稠剂以使得口腔护理组合物具有所需的粘度。
研磨剂包括二氧化硅(包括凝胶剂和沉淀)、矾土、碳酸钙、磷酸钙、磷酸氢钙、磷酸钙、羟磷灰石、焦磷酸钙、三偏磷酸盐、不溶性聚偏磷酸盐(比如不溶性聚偏磷酸钠和聚偏磷酸钙)、碳酸镁、氧化镁、树脂研磨剂材料(比如脲(urea)和甲醛的颗粒缩合产物)、颗粒热固性聚合树脂(合适的树脂包括三聚氰胺、酚醛塑料、脲、三聚氰胺-脲、三聚氰胺-甲醛、尿素甲醛、三聚氰胺-尿素甲醛、交联的环氧化物和交联的聚酯),以及上述的组合。优选二氧化硅研磨剂,因为它们提供极好的牙齿清洁和增亮性能而不过度地磨损牙釉或牙质。
调味剂包括薄荷油、留兰香油、冬青油、丁香、薄荷脑、二氢茴香脑、蒿脑、水杨酸甲酯、桉树脑、肉桂(cassia)、乙酸1-薄荷酯、鼠尾草、丁子香酚、欧芹油、薄荷酮、oxanone、α-紫罗兰酮、α-芷香酮、茴香、马郁兰、柠檬、橙、丙烯基乙基愈创木酚、桂皮、香草醛、乙基香兰素、麝香草酚、芳樟醇、芋烯、乙酸异戊基酯、苯甲醛、丁酸乙酯、苯乙醇、甜桦、肉桂醛、肉桂醛甘油缩醛(被称为CGA)、以及上述混合物。
甜味剂包括蔗糖、葡萄糖、糖精、右旋糖、果糖、乳糖、甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、果糖、麦芽糖、木糖醇、糖精盐、祝马丁、阿司帕坦、D-色氨酸、二氢查耳酮、乙酰舒泛、环己氨磺酸盐、以及上述的混合物。
除调味剂和甜味剂之外、该口腔护理组合物可以包含冷却剂、流涎剂、温热剂(warming agents)和麻木剂作为任选的成分。冷却剂包括甲酰胺、薄荷脑、偏薄荷烷(paramenthan)甲酰胺、异丙基丁酰胺、缩酮、二醇、3-1-薄荷烷氧基丙烷-1,2-二醇、薄荷酮甘油缩醛、乳酸薄荷酯及其混合物。流涎剂包括Jambu(由Takasago制造)。温热剂包括辣椒和烟酸酯(比如烟酸苄酯)。麻木剂包括苯佐卡因、利多卡因、丁香花蕾油和乙醇。
抗菌剂和抗噬斑剂包括三氯生、血根碱和血根、季铵化合物、氯化十六烷吡啶、氯化四癸基吡啶和氯化N-十四烷基-4-乙基吡啶、苯扎氯铵、bisquanides、氯己定、氯己定二葡糖酸盐、海克替啶、奥替尼啶、阿来西定、卤化双酚化合物、2,2′-亚甲基双-(4-氯-6-溴苯酚)、5-氯-2-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)-酚、水杨苯胺、度米芬、地莫匹醇、辛哌醇、其它哌啶(piperadino)衍生物、尼钦(nicin)、锌亚锡离子剂、抗生素(比如augimentin、阿莫西林、四环素、多西霉素、米诺环素和甲硝哒唑)、上述的类似物和盐、以及上述物质的混合物。
抗-龋齿剂包括氟化钠、氟化亚锡、氟化钾、胺氟化物、氟化铟、单氟磷酸钠、乳酸钙、甘油磷酸钙、锶盐和聚丙烯酸锶盐。
抗结石剂包括焦磷酸盐比如焦磷酸二碱金属盐和焦磷酸四碱金属盐(例如,焦磷酸二氢二钠、焦磷酸四钠和焦磷酸四钾以及它们的水合和未水合的形式)。其它可代替焦磷酸盐或其他的抗结石剂包括合成的阴离子聚合物(比如聚丙烯酸酯以及马来酸酐或酸与甲基乙烯基醚的共聚物)、聚氨基丙磺酸、柠檬酸锌三水合物、聚磷酸盐(比如三聚磷酸盐六偏磷酸)、聚膦酸盐(比如乙烷-1-羟基-1,1-二膦酸二钠(EHDP)、甲烷二膦酸和2-膦酰基丁烷-1,2,4-三羧酸)和多肽(例如聚天冬氨酸和聚谷氨酸)。
本发明口腔护理组合物的pH优选不是酸性的。因此,本发明口腔护理组合物的pH值应该大于约6.5,优选约7.0-约8.5,更优选地约7.2-约7.6。由此,pH调节剂和/或缓冲剂或试剂可能需要被加入到该口服护理组合物中。该pH-调节剂可以是可达到所需pH值的任何化合物或化合物的混合物。合适的pH-调节剂包括有机和无机酸和碱,比如苯甲酸、柠檬酸、氢氧化钾和氢氧化钠。缓冲剂包括醋酸盐、硼酸盐、碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐(例如,碱金属碳酸氢盐、比如碳酸氢钠(亦称小苏打))、葡糖酸盐、洒石酸盐、硫酸盐、柠檬酸盐(比如柠檬酸钠)、苯甲酸盐、硝酸盐(比如硝酸钠和硝酸钾)、以及上述的组合,根据需要实现和维持的所需pH。
除式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐之外,本发明的口腔护理组合物可以含有一种或多种其它抗炎药、抗氧化剂和/或结合金属化合物。
适宜的看炎药包括布洛芬、氟吡洛芬、酮洛芬、阿斯匹林、酮洛来克(kertorolac)、萘普生、吲哚美辛、吡罗昔康、甲氯芬那酸、甾体、以及上述的混合物。
适宜的抗氧化剂包括超氧化剂物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、依布硒、谷胱甘肽、半胱氨酸、N-乙酰基基半胱氨酸、青霉胺、别嘌呤醇、羟嘌呤醇、抗坏血酸、α-生育酚、Trolox(水溶性α-生育酚)、维生素A、β-胡萝卜素、脂肪酸结合蛋白、fenozan、普罗布考、氰醇-3(cyanidanol-3)、二巯基丙醇、吲达帕胺、益莫息平(emoxipine)、二甲基亚砜,等等。例如参见Das等,Methods Enzymol.,233,601-610(1994);Stohs,J.Basic Clin.Physiol.Pharmacol.,6,205-228(1995)。
适宜的结合金属化合物包括结合金属的肽和/或非肽螯合剂。本领域已知结合金属的肽和非肽螯合剂。优选结合金属的肽和非肽螯合剂描述于PCT申请WO 01/25265和PCT申请WO 02/64620,其全部公开在此引入作为参考。其它的结合金属化合物是多乙撑多胺,比如四乙撑三胺(曲恩汀)。参见共同在审美国申请号10/840,943和PCT申请号PCT/US04/14208,申请日均为2004年5月7日。
本发明的口腔护理组合物可有利地包含用于其它疗效的蛋白酶抑制剂(涉及炎性过程的某些蛋白酶和其它与口腔中组织破坏相关的酶)。适宜的蛋白酶抑制剂包括金属蛋白酶和丝氨酸蛋白醇抑制剂,比如美国专利号6,403,633、6,350,438、6066673、5,622,984和4,454,338中描述的,其全部公开在此引入作为参考。
已知许多其它成分可以加入口腔护理组合物中。这些成分包括悬浮剂(如多糖-参见美国专利号5,466,437)、可增强活性成分释放的聚合物(如聚乙烯甲基醚与马来酸酐的共聚物以及DE 942,643和美国专利号5,466,437中描述的那些增强释放聚合物)、使得口腔护理组合物强烈持续粘连于口腔组织从而提供长期局部疗效的材料(如天然树胶、植物提取物、动物提取物(如明胶)、天然和合成的聚合物以及淀粉衍生物;参见例如美国专利号5,032,384、5,298,237和5,466,437)、油、蜡、硅酮、着色剂(如FD & C染料)、变色系统、防腐剂(比如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯和苯甲酸钠)、遮光剂(比如二氧化钛)、植物提取物、增溶剂(如丙二醇;参见例如美国专利号5,466,437)、酶(如葡聚糖酶和/或mutanase、淀粉葡萄糖苷酶、具有乳过氧化物酶的葡萄糖氧化酶以及神经氨酸酶)、合成的或天然聚合物、牙齿增白剂(比如约0.1%-约10%重量的过氧化物;参见下面牙齿增白组合物的其它讨论)、碱金属碳酸氢盐(如碳酸氢钠(也称为小苏打),通常约占0.01%-约30%重量)、脱敏剂(如钾盐(如硝酸钾、柠檬酸钾、氯化钾、酒石酸钾、碳酸氢钾和草酸钾)和锶盐)、镇痛药(如利多卡因或苯佐卡因)、抗真菌药、抗病毒药,等等。
应理解可利用上述成分或者其它本领域已知或将开发的其它成分制备各式各样的不同口腔护理组合物。根据本领域的知识和本文提供的指导,选择适当成分和成分组合并且会确定在具体的口腔护理组合物中包括式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的有效量是本领域技术之内的。
下列所述是一些可加入式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的口腔护理组合物的例子。本领域技术人员将理解,利用本领域的知识和技能以及本文提供的指导可制备其它类型的口腔护理组合物和其它具有不同成分和/或不同成分含量的口腔护理组合物。
洁牙剂包括牙膏、牙齿凝胶剂、牙粉和液体洁牙剂。牙膏和牙齿凝胶剂通常包括牙齿研磨剂、表面活性剂、增稠剂、湿润剂、调味剂、甜味剂、着色剂和水。牙膏和牙齿凝胶剂还可包括遮光剂、抗-龋齿剂、抗结石剂、牙齿增白剂、以及其他任选成分。通常,牙膏或牙齿凝胶剂将包含约5%-约70%,优选约10%-约50%的研磨剂,约0.5%-约10%的表面活性剂,约0.1%-约10%的增稠剂,约10%-约80%的湿润剂,约0.04%-约2%的调味剂,约0.1%-约3%的甜味剂,约0.01%-约0.5%的着色剂,约0.05%-约0.3%的抗龋齿剂,约0.1%-约13%的抗结石剂,以及约2%-约45%的水。牙粉当然基本上包含所有非液体的组分并通常包含约70%-约99%的研磨剂。液体洁牙剂可包含水、乙醇、湿润剂、表面活性剂、增稠剂和研磨剂(如果包含研磨剂,则必须包含悬浮剂(例如,高分子量多糖);参见美国专利号5,466,437)、抗菌剂、抗龋齿剂、调味剂和甜味剂。典型的液体洁牙剂将包含约50%-约85%的水,约0.5%-约20%的乙醇,约10%-约40%的湿润剂,约0.5%-5%的表面活性剂,约0.1%-约10%的增稠剂,并且可以包含约10%-约20%的研磨剂,约0.3%-约2%的悬浮剂,约0.05%-约4%的抗菌剂,约0.0005%-约3%的抗龋齿剂,约0.1%-约5%的调味剂,以及约0.1%-约5%的甜味剂。
凝胶剂包括洁牙凝胶剂(参见上面的描述),非研磨凝胶剂和龈下凝胶剂。非研磨凝胶剂和龈下凝胶剂通常包含增稠剂,湿润剂,调味剂,甜味剂,着色剂和水。这些凝胶剂还可包括一种或多种抗龋齿剂和/或抗结石剂。通常,这样的凝胶将包含约0.1%-约20%的增稠剂,约10%-约55%的湿润剂,约0.04%-约2%的调味剂,约0.1%-约3%的甜味剂,约0.01%-约0.5%的着色剂,和平衡水。这些凝胶剂还可包含约0.05%-约0.3%的抗龋齿剂和约0.1%-约13%的抗结石剂。
乳膏通常包括增稠剂、湿润剂和表面活性剂,并且可以包括调味剂、甜味剂、着色剂。通常,乳膏将包含约0.1-约30%的增稠剂,约0%-约80%的湿润剂,约0.1-约5%的表面活性剂,约0.04%-约2%的调味剂,约0.1-约3%的甜味剂,约0.01%-约0.5%的着色剂,以及约2%-约45%的水。
适于口腔使用的软膏描述于例如美国专利号4,847,283、5,855,872和5,858,408中,其全部公开在此引入作为参考。软膏通常包括下列的一种或多种成分:脂肪、油类、蜡、石蜡、硅酮、plastibase、醇、水、湿润剂、表面活性剂、增稠剂、滑石粉、膨润土、氧化锌、铝化合物、防腐剂、抗病毒化合物,以及其它成分。例如,软膏可以含有约80%-约90%凡士林和约10%-约20%的乙醇或丙二醇。作为另一例子,软膏可以包含约10%的凡士林、约9%的羊毛脂、约8%的滑石粉、约32%的鱼肝油、以及约40%的氧化锌。作为第三个例子,软膏可以包含约30%-约45%的水、约10%-约30%的油(例如凡士林或矿物油)、约0.1%-约10%的乳化剂(例如,蜡NF)、约2%-约20%的湿润剂(例如,丙二醇)、约0.05%-约2%的防腐剂(例如,对羟基苯甲酸甲酯和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯),以及约10%-约40%的甾醇。
口腔清洗剂(mouthwashes)、冲洗剂、漱口剂和喷雾剂通常包括水、乙醇和/或湿润剂,并优选同时包含表面活性剂、调味剂、甜味剂和着色剂,还可包括增稠剂和一种或多种抗龋齿剂和/或抗结石剂。典型组合物包含约0%-约80%的湿润剂,约0.01%-约7%的表面活性剂,约0.03%-约2%的调味剂,约0.005%-约3%的甜味剂,约0.001%-约0.5%的着色剂,和平衡水。另一典型组合物包含约5%-约60%优选约5%-约20%的乙醇,约0%-约30%优选约5%-约20%的湿润剂,约0%-约2%的乳化剂,约0%-约0.5%的甜味剂,约0%-约0.3%的调味剂和平衡水。另一种典型组合物包含约45%-约95%的水,约0%-约25%乙醇,约0%-约50%的湿润剂,约0.1%-约7%的表面活性剂,约0.1%-约3%的甜味剂,约0.4%-约2%的调味剂,以及约0.001%-约0.5%的着色剂。这些组合物还可包含约0.05%-约0.3%的抗龋齿剂,以及约0.1%-约3%的抗结石剂。
溶液通常包括水、防腐剂、调味剂以及甜味剂,并可以包括增稠剂和/或表面活性剂。通常,溶液包含约85%-约99%水,约0.01%-约0.5%的防腐剂,约0%-约5%的增稠剂,约0.04%-约2%的调味剂,约0.1%-约3%的甜味剂,和约0%-约5%的表面活性剂。
锭剂和薄荷剂通常包括基质、调味剂和甜味剂。基质可以是糖果(candy)基质(砂糖糖果)、甘油明胶或糖与足以成型粘质的组合。参见美国专利号6,350,438和Remington,The Science And Practice Of Pharfnacy,第19版(1995)。锭剂组合物通常还包含-种或多种填料(例如,可压缩糖)和润滑剂。
口香糖(chewing gum)、咀嚼片和可咀嚼锭剂是描述于美国专利号6,471,991、6,296,868、6,146,661、6,060,078、5,869,095、5,709,873、5,476,647和5,312,626,PCT申请WO84/04453和PCT申请WO 99/02137,以及Lieberman等,Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,第2版.(1990)中,其全部公开在此引入作为参考。
作为一个例子,压缩咀嚼片含有水-可崩解的可压缩的碳水化合物(比如甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、麦芽糖醇、右旋糖、蔗糖、木糖醇、乳糖和其混合物)、粘合剂(比如纤维素、纤维素衍生物、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、淀粉、改性淀粉和其混合物)、以及任选地,润滑剂(比如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸、滑石粉和蜡)、甜味剂、着色剂和调味剂、表面活性剂、防腐剂以及其它成分。所有成分,包括式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐,均经干燥混合并压制成片剂。
作为另一例子,咀嚼片可以含有一个片芯,该片芯被包裹该片芯的外层围绕。该片芯可以在胶状物基质或可咀嚼基质中含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐以及任选地,其它活性成分。该外层可以是可咀嚼基质。胶状物基质可以含有果胶、山梨糖醇、麦芽糖醇、异麦芽糖醇(isomalt)、液体葡萄糖、糖、柠檬酸和/或调味剂。片芯或外层的可咀嚼基质可以是树胶、软糖果、奶油杏仁糖(nougat)、焦糖或硬糖果。该片剂可以通过挤压片芯和外层以形成绳状物(rope),接着切割该绳状物形成片剂。
口香糖组合物通常包括树胶基质、调味剂和甜味剂。合适的树胶基质包括节路顿胶、橡胶、乳胶、糖胶树胶和聚乙酸乙烯酯树脂,可合意地使用常规的增塑剂或软化剂。增塑剂包括甘油三乙酸酯,乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯,二乙基sebacetate,柠檬酸三乙酯,二丁基sebacetate,琥珀酸二丁酯,邻苯二甲酸二乙酯和乙酰化单甘油酯。通常,口香糖组合物包含约50%-约99%树胶基质,约0.4%-约2%的调味剂和约0.01-约20%的甜味剂。式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐其以及其它活性成分可以并入树胶基质中,例如通过将其搅拌到热树胶基质中或将其涂到树胶基质外表面上。
由丙交酯/乙交酯共聚物制备的薄膜和片材(sheet)以及在口腔中成为固体的凝胶描述于美国专利号5,198,220、5,242,910和6,350,438中。另一适用于口腔的聚合物薄膜描述于PCT申请WO 95/32707中。粘附于坚硬牙齿表面比如牙齿和假牙上以及在口腔中降解的贴剂(patch),描述于美国专利号6,197,331中。所有这些物质缓慢地将包含其中的活性剂释放于口腔中。还已知提供活性物质的缓释的其它组合物(包括糊剂、凝胶剂、软膏、液体制剂和膜剂)。例如参见美国专利号5,032,384、5,298,237、5,466,437、5,709,873和6,270,781。
牙齿增白组合物含有牙齿增白剂。牙齿增白剂包括碱金属和碱土金属过氧化物、过碳酸盐和过硼酸盐或包含过氧化氢的络合物。牙齿增白剂还包括碱金属或碱土金属的过氧化物盐。最常使用的牙齿增白剂是过氧化脲。其它通常使用的牙齿增白剂是过氧化氢、过氧乙酸和过硼酸钠。这些牙齿增白剂释放活性氧和过氧化氢。牙齿增白剂在牙齿增白组合物中的浓度可约为0.1%-约90%;通常,过氧化脲在牙齿增白组合物中的浓度约为10%至25%。
本领域已知许多牙齿增白组合物,包括水溶液、凝胶剂、糊剂、液体制剂、薄膜、条带(strip)、单部分体系、二部分体系,需要活化的牙齿增白剂组合物(例如,包括吸收辐射-能量或加热-能量的物质,比如基本上共轭的烃,当照射时其活化漂白剂),等等。例如参见美国专利号5,302,375、5,785,887、5,858,332、5,891,453、5,922,307、6,322,773、6,419,906以及PCT申请WO99/37236、PCT申请WO 01/89463和PCT申请WO 02/07695,其全部公开在此引入作为参考。此外,许多其它口腔护理组合物(例如,牙膏)和器具(例如,牙线)含有牙齿增白剂。
使用牙齿增白组合物或使用包含牙齿增白剂的多种口腔护理组合物和器具之一可引起口腔组织炎症。将式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐加入到牙齿增白组合物或含有牙齿增白剂的或其它口腔护理组合物和器具中将抑制炎症。可供选择地,含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的口腔护理组合物或器具可在使用牙齿增白组合物或含有牙齿增白剂的口腔护理组合物或器具之前或之后使用从而抑制炎症。
例如,通常通过齿托或齿槽将牙齿增白组合物应用于牙齿从而增白牙齿。式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐可被加入用于该齿托或齿槽的牙齿增白组合物中。可供选择地,在施用牙齿增白组合物结束后,将含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的单独组合物置于干净的或不同的齿托或齿槽中而施用于牙齿。在另一种可供的选择中,含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的清洗剂或冲洗剂可以在施用牙齿增白组合物之前或之后用于冲洗口腔。
最近开发的将牙齿增白组合物用于牙齿的产品是柔韧条带。例如参见美国专利号5,891,453和6,419,906。式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐可以被加入到这些条带中。例如,在其制备期间或恰在用于患者之前,可以将式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐加入到牙齿增白组合物中,然后应用于条带,或者将含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的溶液、凝胶或其它组合物可以单独应用于该条带。在另一可供的选择中,可将含有牙齿增白组合物的条带和含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的条带都提供给患者并将相继使用。
本发明口腔护理组合物可以含有单相或多相。例如当一些成分不相兼容、一些成分不稳定或最好在使用时组合,将使用多相。由此,其中一相将包含某些成分,而其余的该成分将包括于一种或多种其它相中。该多相可以是许多的单独组合物,在这种情况下该多相将提供于许多的单独容器中或单一容器的许多隔室中,且该多相将在使用时合并。作为一种选择,该多相可通过封装一些成分而形成,在这种情况下,该多相可以全部包含于单一容器。多相口腔护理组合物例如描述于美国专利号5,302,375、5,906,811、5,976,507、6,228,347和6,350,438以及PCT申请WO 99/37236中。
本发明还提供了含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的口腔护理器具。本发明的口腔护理器具包括设计为消费者或患者使用的器具以及设计为牙科执业人员(例如牙科保健员、牙科医生和口腔外科医生)使用的器具。
本发明口腔护理器具包括粘附、吸附、结合、附着、包埋、涂布有或者其他方法加入式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐到外科材料(比如缝合线和海绵)、丝线(flosses)、带子、碎片(chips)、条带、纤维、牙签或橡胶端头(rubbertip)、牙齿植入物和牙科用具(例如安装并覆盖牙齿和任选牙周组织的齿托和齿槽)。参见,例如美国专利号5,709,873、5,863,202、5,891,453、5,967,155、5,972,366、5,980,249、6,026,829、6,080,481、6,102,050、6,350,438、6,419,906,PCT申请WO 02/13775,和欧洲申请752833,其公开了这样的口腔护理器具和其中将加入化合物到其中器具的方法(这些专利和申请的全部公开在此引入作为参考)。例如,可以将式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐加入到粘合剂(例如,蜡或聚合物)中和涂至牙线上,牙线可以在包含式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的液体槽中浸渍以使该牙线浸透或涂上该化合物,可以将固体形式(例如,冷冻干燥的)的式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐加入到适用于牙齿的聚合物膜中,可以将溶液或凝胶中的式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐应用于适用于牙齿的柔韧条带,或者可以将缝线或其它外科材料浸渍于包含式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的溶液中,接着除去溶剂以致化合物与该缝线或外科材料相关联(相结合、包埋其中,涂布其上,等等)。例如参见美国专利号5,891,453、5,967,155、5,972,366、6,026,829、6,080,481、6,102,050和6,419,906。
用于动物的口腔护理产品比如食物、咀嚼物和玩具也包括在本发明范围内。适宜的产品描述于美国专利公开号6,350,438中。
式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐可用于治疗动物口腔组织。在此所用的“口腔”意指该外面由唇里面由咽界定的包括舌、齿龈和牙齿的腔。由此,口腔组织包括唇、舌、齿龈、颊组织、腭和牙齿。可根据本发明来治疗口腔的单一组织、多种组织、一种或多种组织的部分,所有或基本上所有的组织或上述的组合。
为了治疗口腔组织,该组织与式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐相接触。例如,该组织可以与含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的口腔护理组合物相接触。本领域公知使口腔组织与口腔护理组合物相接触的方法。适宜的方法包括使用溶液(例如,口腔清洗剂、冲洗剂、喷雾剂、液体洁牙剂或其它溶液)冲洗该组织,使用洁牙剂(例如,牙膏、牙齿凝胶或粉剂)刷牙,施用非研磨溶液、凝胶、糊剂、直接用于组织(使用或不使用涂药器)的乳膏或软膏剂、口香糖、咀嚼或吮吸锭剂、薄荷或片剂,以及许多其它局部施用器具方法。将口腔护理组合物比如溶液、凝胶剂、糊剂、乳膏和软膏剂施用于动物口腔组织的适宜涂药器包括药签(swab)、小棍(stick)、塑料桨、滴管、注射器、条带(比如美国专利号5,891,453和6,419,906中所述的)、指状物(finger)或者使得牙齿以及任选牙周组织浸入例如凝胶或溶液中的牙托或器具(比如美国专利号5,863,202和5,980,249以及欧洲申请752833中所示的)。此外,为了治疗口腔组织,该组织可以接触含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的口腔护理器具。本领域公知使口腔组织与口腔护理器具接触的方法。例如,缝线可以用于封闭外科伤口或由于拔牙引起的伤口,牙线可以用于缠绕牙齿,等等。
对组织的治疗可以是预防治疗。例如,该组织可以作为预防性口腔护理方案的一部分进行治疗。可以将式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐加入到该方案中使用的口腔护理组合物或器具中,比如牙膏、牙齿凝胶、口腔清洗剂或冲洗剂、或牙线,并将经常使用,优选至少每天一次,更优选每天两或三次。在另一种可供的选择中,式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐可包含于单独的口腔护理组合物或器具中,其与应用于预防性口腔护理方案的其它组合物和器具分开使用。例如,可将式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐加入口腔清洗剂或冲洗剂、口胶剂、锭剂或咀嚼片中,其将经常使用,优选至少每天一次,更优选至少每天两或三次。
还可对组织进行与各种牙科方法结合的预防性治疗,这些牙科方法包括手术和拔牙。例如,正在进行手术的组织、正在进行手术区域的邻近组织、或为了方便治疗所有的或基本上所有的口腔组织,可在手术之前、期间、之后或其组合进行治疗。类似地对于拔牙而言,所拔牙齿的周围组织、相邻组织或,为了方便治疗,全部或基本上全部的口腔组织在拔牙之前、期间、之后或其组合进行治疗。例如,在手术或拔牙之前可使用含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的溶液冲洗口腔,由手术或拔牙引起的伤口可经其中加入了式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的缝线缝合,和/或可用含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的溶液在手术或拔牙之后立即冲洗口腔,和/或此后不时冲洗。最后,如上所述,可对组织进行与动物牙齿增白有关的预防性治疗。
式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐还可用于治疗口腔疾病和病症,比如炎症和炎性疾病和病症。可使用式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐治疗的具体疾病和病症包括牙龈炎、牙周炎、感染(细菌感染、病毒感染、酵母感染和真菌感染)、溃疡、唇疱疹、复发性口溃疡和伴随手术或拔牙的炎症。对于口腔的其它疾病和病症比如癌症的治疗通常是由内科医生而不是牙科医生实施或监督实施的。因此,这些疾病和病症的治疗涉及上面讨论的治疗方法和药品。但是,在这些类型的口腔疾病和病症的治疗中同时使用本发明的口腔护理产品和本发明的药物将是有益的。
本领域技术人员会理解到治疗动物口腔组织所需的式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的剂量将随着对于所治疗的疾病或病症是否是预防性的或是治疗性的、所治疗的疾病或病症的特性、该疾病或病症的严重程度、所用口腔护理组合物的类型、治疗的持续时间、给予该动物的任何其它药物的特性、动物的年龄、大小和物种等医学和兽医学领域所知的因素而变化。通常,本发明化合物的合适日剂量是该化合物能够产生疗效的最低有效剂量。可以预期,每天一次或多次使用含有约0.000001%-约20%式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的口腔护理组合物将提供有效的日剂量。但是,所应用的实际日剂量、每天治疗的次数以及治疗的长短将由护理牙医或兽医在合适的医学判断范围内确定。
本发明还提供一种包含本发明口腔护理产品的试剂盒。当口腔护理产品是口腔护理组合物时,该试剂盒还可包括将该口腔护理组合物施用于动物口腔组织的涂药器比如药签、小棍、塑料桨、滴管、注射器、条带(比如美国专利号5,891,453和6,419,906中所述的),或者使得牙齿以及任选牙周组织浸入例如凝胶或溶液中的牙齿托盘或器具(比如美国专利号5,863,202和5,980,249以及欧洲申请752833中所示的)。该试剂盒还可包括杯子,小瓶或用于分配和/或测量本发明口腔护理组合物预期需要的用量的其它器具。当然,试剂盒可以包括根据本发明的口腔护理组合物和根据本发明的口腔护理器具。除本发明口腔护理组合物和/或器具外,该试剂盒还可包含其他类型口腔护理组合物或器具,比如牙齿增白组合物,包含牙齿增白剂的条带,施用口腔护理组合物的涂药器,等等。根据本发明的试剂盒还将包含使用本发明的试剂盒和/或口腔护理产品的说明书并可包含任何其它所需的物品。
E.个人护理产品和方法
式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐还可以在个人护理产品中给予动物。个人护理产品包括个人护理组合物和个人护理器具。
本发明个人护理组合物与器具包括为消费者和患者设计的组合物与器具以及为从业人员(例如皮肤科医生、美容院和矿泉疗养地(spas))设计的组合物与器具。
个人护理组合物包括美容剂、护肤霜和洗剂、面部和身体增湿剂、晒黑乳剂和洗剂、油类、清洗剂、冲洗剂、溶液剂、滴眼剂、乳剂、液体、凝胶剂、软膏、喷雾剂、粉剂、除臭剂、洗发剂、头皮治疗组合物、唇彩(lip gloss)、唇膏(lip balm)、抗痤疮制剂、镇痛药,等等。
本发明的个人护理组合物含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐和药学上可接受载体。该个人护理组合物还可包含一种或多种其它可接受的成分,包括其它活性化合物和/或其它通常用于个人护理组合物内的成分。各载体和成分必须是“可接受的”的,是指式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐以及该组合物中任何其它成分相兼容且对于动物无害。本领域公知用于个人护理组合物的合适成分以及制备和使用个人的护理组合物的方法。
本领域公知各式各样的适用于皮肤护理组合物中的载体。例如,可以使用乳剂载体(包括水包油型,油包水型,水包油包水型和硅酮包水包油型乳剂)。这些乳剂可覆盖较大的粘度范围(例如,约100厘泊(cps)-约200,000厘泊)。其它合适的载体包括:无水液体溶剂比如油类、醇和硅酮(例如,矿物油、乙醇、异丙醇、聚二甲基硅氧烷、环二甲基硅酮,等等);含水单相液体溶剂(例如,水-醇性(hydro-alcoholic)的溶剂体系);以及这些无水和含水单相溶剂的稠化形式(例如,通过加入适当的树胶、树脂、蜡、聚合物、盐等溶剂的粘度已经增加到可形成固体或半固体)。该载体优选占该皮肤护理组合物重量的约50%-约99%,更优选约75%-约99%,最优选约85%-约95%。
本领域还公知各式各样适用于毛发护理组合物中的载体。例如,可使用水,醇(例如,甲醇,乙醇和异丙醇)及其混合物。该载体还可以包含各式各样的其它材料,包括丙酮,烃(例如,异丁烷,己烷,癸烯),芳樟醇,酯(例如,乙酸乙酯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯),挥发性的硅酮衍生物(例如,硅氧烷,比如苯基五甲基二硅氧烷,甲氧基丙基七甲基环四硅氧烷,氯丙基五甲基二硅氧烷,羟丙基五甲基二硅氧烷,八甲基环四硅氧烷,十甲基环五硅氧烷,环二甲基硅酮和聚二甲基硅氧烷)及其混合物。低粘度的毛发护理产品还可利用乳化剂(优选在约0.01%-约7.5%该组合物重量的水平)。该载体将占该毛发护理组合物重量的约0.5%-约99.5%,优选约5.0%-约99.5%,更优选约10.0%-约98.0%。
除式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐和载体之外,本发明的个人护理组合物可含有多种其它成分。这些其它成分包括药学上活性成分(例如,抗痤疮活性物、止痛的活性物、止痒的活性物、麻醉活性物和抗微生物活性物)、其它活性成分(例如,遮光活性物、阴暗晒黑(sunless tan)活性物、皮肤漂白活性物、抗头皮屑活性物、止汗药活性物和除臭剂活性物)、调节剂、湿润剂、增湿剂、表面活性剂、增稠剂、润肤剂以及常用于个人护理组合物的其它成分。
如上所述,可归入本发明的个人护理组合物的这些药学上活性成分除式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐外,包括抗痤疮活性物,止痛活性物,止痒活性物,麻醉活性物和抗微生物活性物。本领域已知或可凭经验确定组合物中包含的这些成分的量。合适的剂量将随着例如具体的活性成分,组合物中活性成分穿透皮肤的能力,所应用组合物的量,所治疗的具体病症,治疗的持续时间,并行治疗的性质等因素而变化。
抗痤疮活性物包括角质层分离药(比如水杨酸、硫、乳酸、羟基乙酸(glycolic)、丙酮酸、脲、间苯二酚和N-乙酰基半胱氨酸)、类视色素(如维甲酸及其衍生物)、抗生素和抗微生物剂(比如过氧化苯甲酰、羟甲辛吡酮、红霉素、锌、四环素、三氯生、壬二酸及其衍生物、苯氧基乙醇、苯氧基丙醇、乙酸乙酯、克林霉素和甲氯环素)、sebostats(比如黄酮类化合物)、α和β醇酸以及胆盐(如鲨胆甾醇硫酸盐及其衍生物、脱氧胆酸盐和胆酸盐)。
止痛活性物包括水杨酸衍生物(比如水杨酸甲酯)、辣椒属物质和衍生物(比如辣椒辣素)、甾体(比如氢化可的松)和非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDS)。NSAIDS可以选自下列类别:丙酸衍生物(阿斯匹林、对乙酰氨基酚、布洛芬、萘普生、苯洛芬、氟吡洛芬、非诺洛芬、芬布芬、酮洛芬、吲哚洛芬、吡洛芬、卡洛芬、丙嗪、吡喃洛芬、咪洛芬、硫洛芬、舒洛芬、阿明洛芬、噻洛芬酸、氟洛芬和布氯酸)、乙酸衍生物、灭酸(fenamic acid)衍生物、联苯羧酸衍生物和昔康类。
止痒活性物包括甲地嗪(methdilizine)和阿利马嗪的药学上可接受盐。
麻醉活性物包括以下物质的药学上可接受盐:利多卡因、布比卡因、氯普鲁卡因、地布卡因、依替卡因、甲哌卡因、丁卡因、达克罗宁、海克卡因、普鲁卡因、可卡因、氯胺酮、普莫卡因和苯酚。。
抗微生物(抗细菌、抗真菌、抗原生动物的和抗病毒)活性物包括以下物质的药学上可接受盐:β-内酰胺、喹诺酮、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、四环素、红霉素、阿米卡星、三氯生、多西霉素、卷曲霉素、氯己定、金霉素、土霉素、克林霉素、乙胺丁醇、甲硝哒唑、喷他脒、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、lineomycin、甲烯土霉素、乌洛托品、米诺环素、新霉素、奈替米星、巴龙霉素、链霉素、妥布霉素、咪康唑、amanfadine、羟甲辛吡酮(octopirox)、对氯间二甲苯酚、制霉菌素、托萘酯和克霉唑。
遮光剂包括对甲氧基肉桂酸2-乙基己基酯、N,N-二甲基-对氨基苯甲酸2-乙基己基酯、对氨基苯甲酸、2-苯基苯并咪唑-5-磺酸、氰双苯丙烯酸辛酯、羟基甲酮、水杨酸三甲环己酯、水杨酸辛酯、4,4′-甲氧基-叔丁基二苯甲酰基甲烷、4-异丙基二苯甲酰基甲烷、3-亚苄基2-莰酮、3-(4-甲基亚苄基)2-莰酮、二氧化钛、氧化锌、二氧化硅、氧化铁及其混合物。其它的遮光剂包括在单一分子内具有两个不同发色团部分的化合物,这两个发色团部分表现出不同的紫外辐射吸收光谱(一个主要在UVA范围内吸收,一个主要在UVB范围内吸收),比如2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮的4-N,N-(2-乙基己基)甲基氨基苯甲酸酯、4-羟基二苯甲酰基甲烷的4-N,N-(2-乙基己基)甲基氨基苯甲酸酯,2-羟基-4-(2-羟乙氧基)二苯甲酮的4-N,N-(2-乙基己基)甲基氨基苯甲酸酯、4-(2-羟乙氧基)二苯甲酰基甲烷的4-N,N-(2-乙基己基)甲基氨基苯甲酸酯,及其混合物。还可参见PCT申请WO 03/013468,其描述了其它适宜的遮光剂。通常,遮光剂将占组合物重量的约0.5%-约20%。准确的量取决于所选的遮光剂和所需的防晒因子(SPF)而改变。SPF通常用作遮光剂抗红斑光保护作用的测量尺度。参见Federal Register,Volume 43,No.166,pages 38206-38269,August 25,1978。
阴暗晒黑活性物包括二羟丙酮、甘油醛、吲哚和它们的衍生物,等等。
皮肤漂白活性物包括氢醌、抗坏血酸、曲酸和偏亚硫酸氢钠。
抗头皮屑活性物包括2-巯基吡啶氧化锌、octopirox、二硫化硒、硫、煤焦油等等。
止汗药活性物包括收敛剂金属盐类,比如铝、锆和锌的无机和有机盐及其混合物。
除臭剂活性物包括抑菌剂(例如,2,2′-亚甲基二(3,4,6-三氯苯酚)、2,4,4′-三氯-2′-羟基(二苯酯)(也称为三氯生)、苯酚磺酸锌、2,2′-硫代二(4,6-二氯苯酚)、对-氯-见-二甲苯酚、二氯-见-二甲苯酚、N-月桂酰肌氨酸钠、N-棕榈酰肌氨酸钠、月桂酰肌氨酸、N-十四酰甘氨酸、N-月桂酰肌氨酸钾、氯羟基乳酸铝(aluminum chlorhydroxy lactate),等等。
可用于该组合物尤其是毛发护理组合物中的调节剂包括烃、硅酮流体和阳离子的材料。该烃可以是直链或支链并可以包含约10-约16个碳原子。合适的烃的实例包括癸烷、十二烷、十四烷、十三烷及其混合物。硅酮调节剂包括环状或线性聚二甲硅氧烷、苯基和烷基苯基硅氧烷和硅氧烷共聚醇(silicone copolyols)。阳离子调节剂包括季铵盐(例如,其中烷基具有12-22个碳原子的二烷基二甲基铵盐(如二牛油(tallow)二甲基氯化铵、二牛油二甲基硫酸甲酯铵、双十六烷基二甲基氯化铵和二(氢化牛油)氯化铵)以及双阳离子(如牛油丙烷二氯化二铵)、四级咪唑盐(例如,包含具有12-22个碳原子的烷基的咪唑盐(如1-甲基-1[(硬脂酰胺)乙基]-2-十七烷基-4,5-二氢咪唑氯化物、1-甲基-1[(棕榈酰胺)乙基]-2-十八烷基-4,5-二氢咪唑氯化物和1-甲基-1[(牛油酰胺)乙基]-2-牛油基-咪唑硫酸甲酯))以及脂肪胺的盐(例如,硬脂胺盐酸盐、大豆胺盐酸盐和硬脂胺甲酸盐)。
湿润剂和增湿剂包括脲、胍、羟基乙酸和羟乙酸盐(例如,铵和四烷基铵)、乳酸和乳酸盐(例如,铵和四烷基铵)、各种形式的芦荟油(aloe vera)(例如,芦荟胶(aloe vera gel))、多羟基醇(例如,山梨醇、甘油、己三醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、己二醇等)、聚乙二醇、糖和淀粉、糖和淀粉衍生物(例如烷氧基化的葡萄糖)、透明质酸、乳酰胺单乙醇胺、乙酰胺单乙醇胺及其混合物。这些试剂通常占组合物重量的约0.1%-约20%。
适用于该组合物的表面活性剂包括阴离子、非离子、阳离子、两性离子和两性表面活性剂。合适的阴离子表面活性剂包括长链硫酸盐、磺酸盐、羟乙基磺酸盐、羧酸盐、牛磺酸盐以及磺基琥珀酸酯比如烷基甘油基醚磺酸酯、月桂基硫酸铵、聚乙二醇单十二醚硫酸铵、三乙胺月桂基硫酸酯、三乙胺聚乙二醇单十二醚硫酸酯、三乙醇胺月桂基硫酸酯、三乙醇胺聚乙二醇单十二醚硫酸酯、单乙醇胺月桂基硫酸酯、单乙醇胺聚乙二醇单十二醚硫酸酯、二乙醇胺月桂基硫酸酯、二乙醇胺聚乙二醇单十二醚硫酸酯、月桂酸单甘油酯硫酸钠、月桂基硫酸钠、聚乙二醇单十二醚硫酸钠、月桂基硫酸钾、聚乙二醇单十二醚硫酸钾、月桂基肌氨酸钠、月桂酰肌氨酸钠、月桂基肌氨酸、椰油基肌氨酸、椰油基硫酸铵、月桂酰硫酸铵、椰油基硫酸钠、月桂酰硫酸钠、椰油基硫酸钾、月桂基硫酸钾、三乙醇胺月桂基硫酸酯、单乙醇胺椰油基硫酸酯、单乙醇胺月桂基硫酸酯、十三烷基苯磺酸钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠。阳离子表面活性剂参见美国专利号5,916,548和其中引用的文献。非离子型表面活性剂包括氧化烯基团(性质为亲水性)与有机疏水化合物缩合而制备的化合物,其中有机疏水化合物可以是脂肪族的或烷基芳香族化合物。两性和两性离子表面活性剂包括甜菜碱,比如酰胺羧基甜菜碱、烷基甜菜碱、酰胺丙基甜菜碱、氨基丙基磺基甜菜碱和磺基甜菜碱。其它的两性或两性离子表面活性剂包括脂肪族季铵和锍化合物的衍生物,其中脂烃基可以是直链或支链的并且其中一个脂肪族的取代基包含约8-18个碳原子并且一个包含阴离子水增溶基(例如,羧基、磺酸根或硫酸根)。两性和两性离子表面活性剂还包括脂肪族仲胺和叔胺衍生物,其中脂烃基可以是直链或支链且其中一个脂肪族取代基包含约8-18个碳原子并且一个包含阴离子水-增溶基(例如,羧基、磺酸基或硫酸基),比如3-十二烷基-氨基丙酸钠、3-十二烷基氨基丙磺酸钠和N-烷基牛磺酸。该表面活性剂或表面活性剂混合物通常将以该组合物重量的约0.2%-约30%存在。
增稠剂包括羧酸聚合物(描述于US专利号5,916,548中,其全部公开在此引入作为参考)。这些交联聚合物包含一种或多种来源于丙烯酸、取代丙烯酸和盐以及这些丙烯酸和取代丙烯酸的酯的单体,其中交联剂包含两个或更多碳-碳双键并来源于多元醇。这些聚合物的具体例子是卡波姆,其是交联了蔗糖或季戊四醇的烯丙基醚的丙烯酸均聚物(由B.F.Goodrich以Carbopol900系列提供),以及C10-30烷基丙烯酸酯与一种或多种丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸或一种它们的短链(C1-4醇)酯单体的共聚物,其中交联剂是蔗糖或季戊四醇的烯丙基醚(也称为丙烯酸酯/C10-30烷基丙烯酸酯共聚物,由B.F.Goodrich以Carbopol1342,Pemulen TR-1和Pemulen TR-2提供)。其它增稠剂包括黄原胶、瓜尔胶、羧甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、烷基改性羟烷基纤维素(例如,长链烷基改性羟乙基纤维素,比如十六烷基羟乙基纤维素)和硅酸铝镁。这些增稠剂通常将以该组合物重量的约0.025%-约1%存在。
适用于个人护理组合物中的乳化剂可以是各式各样非离子、阳离子、阴离子和两性离子的乳化剂。合适的乳化剂的例子包括甘油酯,丙二醇酯,聚乙二醇脂肪酸酯,聚丙二醇脂肪酸酯,山梨糖醇酯,脱水山梨醇酸酐酯,羧酸共聚物,葡萄糖酯和醚,乙氧基化醚,乙氧基化醇,脂肪酸酰胺,酰基乳酸酯(lactylates),皂类及其混合物。具体的合适乳化剂包括聚乙二醇20脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯(吐温20),聚乙二醇5大豆甾醇,Steareth-20,Ceteareth-20,PPG-2甲基葡萄糖醚二酯,Ceteth-10,聚山梨酯80,聚山梨酯60,甘油基硬脂酸酯,PEG-100硬脂酸酯及其混合物。该乳化剂通常将以该组合物重量的约0.1%-约10%存在。
润肤剂包括挥发性的和不挥发的硅酮油类,高枝链的烃和非极性羧酸和醇酯及其混合物。该润肤剂通常将以该组合物重量的约1%-约50%存在。
各种其它的成分可被归入该个人护理组合物中。这些其它成分包括维生素及其衍生物(例如,抗坏血酸、维生素E醋酸生育酚、维甲酸、视黄醇、类视色素等等)、pH值调节剂(参见上面描述口腔护理产品的讨论)、polyquatemium和矿物油、树脂、树胶、用于辅助该组合物成膜性质和亲和性的聚合物(比如二十碳烯和乙烯基吡咯烷酮的共聚物)、悬浮剂(例如,乙二醇二硬脂酸酯等等)、防腐剂、经皮渗透助剂、抗氧化剂、螯合剂、多价螯合剂和美感组分(aesthetic components)(例如,香精、颜料、精油、皮肤感觉剂、收敛剂和皮肤安慰剂;这些美感组分的具体例子包括泛醇及其衍生物、泛酸及其衍生物、丁香油、薄荷脑、2-莰酮、桉叶油、丁香酚、乳酸薄荷酯、金缕梅馏出物、尿囊素和bisabalol)。
将理解为可利用上述成分或者其它本领域已知或将开发的其它成分制备各式各样的不同个人护理组合物。根据本领域的知识和本文提供的指导,选择适当成分和成分组合并且会确定在具体的个人护理组合物中包括式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的有效量是本领域技术之内的。
本发明还提供个人护理器具。个人护理器具包括外科材料(比如缝线和海绵)、绷带、海绵、布(cloth)、药签、垫片(pad)和擦子(wipe)。本发明的个人护理器具将式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐粘附于、吸附其中、吸附其上、结合于、附着于、包埋其中、浸渍其中、涂层其上或加入其中。例如,可将一种器具浸渍于式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的溶液中,接着除去该溶剂,以使式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐粘附、吸收、吸附、结合、连接、包埋、浸渍、涂层在该器具上。例如参见上面对于制备口腔护理器具的说明。
本发明还提供了一种护理和治疗皮肤的方法。该方法包括使用有效量式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐接触动物皮肤。例如,皮肤可以接触含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的个人护理组合物。本领域公知使个人护理组合物接触皮肤的方法。合适的方法包括使用清洁溶液清洗该皮肤,使用冲洗剂冲洗该皮肤,将溶液、凝胶、乳膏、洗剂或软膏施用于该皮肤(使用或不使用涂药器),使用接触头皮的洗发剂清洗毛发,以及许多其它局部施用的方法。施用个人护理组合物的合适涂药器包括棉球,纱布垫,擦子,布,药签,滴管,注射器或指状物。此外,皮肤可接触含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的个人护理器具。本领域公知使个人护理器具接触皮肤的方法。例如,缝线可以用于缝合外伤,浸渍了式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的擦子或垫片可用于清洁皮肤,含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的绷带可施用于皮肤,等等。
对皮肤的治疗可以是预防治疗。例如,该皮肤可以作为预防性皮肤护理体系的一部分。可以将式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐加入到用于该方案的个人护理组合物或器具中,或者可以将式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐包含于单独的个人护理组合物或器具中,其将与用于预防性皮肤护理方案的其它组合物和器具分开使用。该预防方案是经常进行的(例如,每月或每日)。
还可以连同多种皮肤病学方法包括手术、皮肤擦除术和化学脱皮预防性地治疗皮肤。例如,将进行手术的皮肤区域可在手术之前、手术期间、手术之后或其组合进行治疗。例如,可以在手术前使用含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的溶液冲洗皮肤,使用其中含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的缝线缝合手术所引起的伤口,和/或在手术后立即和/或此后不时地用含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的溶液冲洗皮肤。
含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的个人护理产品还可以用于治疗皮肤疾病或病症。可根据本发明治疗具体的疾病和病症描述于上面关于治疗方法和药物组合物的讨论中。应当理解皮肤疾病和病症可以使用药物组合物和/或个人护理组合物或器具治疗。
本领域技术人员将理解,使用个人护理产品治疗动物皮肤所需的式I化合物或其药学上可接受盐的剂量将取决于治疗是预防还是治疗疾病或病症、所治疗的疾病或病症的特性、疾病或病症的严重程度、所用的个人护理组合物或器具类型、治疗的持续时间、给予该动物的任何其它药物的性质、动物的年龄、大小和物种等因素而改变。
本发明还提供包含根据本发明的个人护理产品的试剂盒。当该个人护理产品是个人护理组合物时,该试剂盒还可包括用于施用个人护理组合物的涂药器,比如药签,棉球,擦子,垫片,塑料桨,挤瓶,泵送瓶,滴管或注射器。该试剂盒还可包括杯子,小瓶或用于分配和/或测量本发明个人护理组合物预期需要的用量的其它器具。当然,该试剂盒可包括本发明的个人护理组合物和个人护理器具。除本发明个人护理组合物和/或器具之外,该试剂盒还可以包含其他类型的个人护理组合物或器具。根据本发明的试剂盒还将包含使用本发明试剂盒和/或个人护理产品的说明书并可包含任何其它所需的物品。
实施例
实施例1
尽管已表明N-乙酰基-天冬氨酸(NAA)对于髓磷脂合成和渗透压调节具有重要作用,但脑中高水平NAA的生物原理仍然未知。在本实施例中,人星形神经胶质细胞系(STTG)经NAA处理并经伊屋诺霉素或IL-1β刺激。通过测量炎症介质比如前列腺素E2(PGE2)、环氧化酶-2(COX-2)蛋白以及活化的NFκB研究了继发的炎症应答。NAA浓度为10和20mM时,伊屋诺霉素刺激的STTG细胞中PGE2水平分别下降了76%和>95%。谷氨酸受体拮抗剂(L-AP-4和L-谷氨酸二乙酯)也引起STTG细胞系中PGE2水平下降。NAA还降低了IL-1β刺激的STTG细胞中的COX-2蛋白和活化的NFκB的量,但对于未受刺激的细胞几乎没有作用。NAA对于总体的COX-2活性或COX-2mRNA没有作用。这些结果证明了NAA在调控人STTG星形神经胶质细胞系内的炎症中似乎起重要作用。NAA抗炎作用的潜在机理可能是由乙酰化关键的促炎性酶(即COX-2、IκBα激酶等)、谷氨酸受体拮抗作用或钙螯合作用引起的。就这些发现结果讨论了与表现脑内异常NAA水平的神经病理学之间的关系。
A.引言
NAA是哺乳动物脑内仅次于谷氨酸的第二大量游离氨基酸(Tsai等,Prog.Neurobiol.,46:531-540(1995);Baslow,J.Neurochem.,68:1335-1344(1997);Clark,Dev.Neurosci.,20:271-276(1998))。NAA主要存在于神经元中,浓度约为10mM(Jacobs等,Magn.Reson.Med.,46:699-705(2001);Wang等,Magn.Reson.Med.,39:28-33(1998);Pouwels等,NMR Biomed.,10:73-78(1997);Soher等,Magn.Reson.Med.,35:356-363(1996);Friedman等,AJNRAm.J.Neuroradiol.,19:1879-1885(1998))。使用质子NMR波谱仪已检测到因多种病症引起的脑内NAA水平的扰动。已在卡纳万病中测量了由于缺乏天冬氨酸酰基转移酶(酰基转移酶II)而引起NAA浓度升高,该酶对于NAA降解起作用(Baslow,Neurochem.Res.,28:941-953(2003))。已在亨廷顿病(Jenkins等,J.Neurochem.,74:2108-2119(2000))、肌萎缩性侧索硬化(Suhy等,Neurology,58:773-779(2002))、阿尔茨海默病(Huang等,Neurology,57:626-632(2001))、外伤性脑损伤(Friedman等,AJNR Am.J.Neuroradiol.,19:1879-1885(1998))、缺血性损伤(Konaka等,J.Cereb.Blood Flow Metab.,23:700-708(2003))、多发性硬化病(Wylezinska等,Neurology,60:1949-1954(2003))、HIV(Iranzo等,J.Neurol.Neurosurg.Psychiatry,66:520-523(1999))以及精神分裂症(Yamasue等,Neuroreport,13:2133-2137(2002))中发现NAA浓度降低。
NAA在脑中合成并储存于神经元中但在神经胶质细胞中水解(Baslow,Neurochem.Res.,28:941-953(2003))。在脑胞间隙中,NAA的浓度较在神经元中低100倍(Sager等,J.Neurochem.,68:675-682(1997))。因此,可实现NAA从神经元向胞间隙的大量外排。神经胶质细胞通过具体的转运机理摄取从神经元释放的NAA(Sager等,J.Neurochem.,73:807-811(1999);Huang等,J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.,295:392-403(2000))。在神经胶质细胞中,NAA经天冬氨酸酰基转移酶降解为乙酸(acetate)和天冬氨酸(aspartate)。乙酸随后被用作乙酰供体以合成髓磷脂脂质(Chakraborty等.,J.Neurochem.,78:736-745(2001))。NAA还牵涉于神经元分子水泵中,其向细胞外共转运水和NAA(Baslow,Neurochem.Int.,40:295-300(2002))。
尽管已表明NAA对于渗透压和髓磷脂合成具有重要作用,关于NAA大量存在于哺乳动物脑内的目的仍所知甚少。在本研究中考查了STTG星形神经胶质细胞的炎症应答和NAA对于该应答的作用。主要研究了NAA对于环氧化酶-2水平以及前列腺素合成的作用结果。还揭示了NAA对于受刺激的STTG细胞中产生活化NFκB的作用。这些结果可解释与多重脑疾病如卡纳万病相关的某些病理。
B.材料和方法
前列腺素E2测定。在使用胰岛素/EDTA继代培养之前,人STTG星形神经胶质细胞(CRL-1718,American Type Tissue Collection,Rockville,MA)在包含AGM培养基(Bio Whittaker,Walkersville,MD)的75cm2瓶中生长至接近汇合(>90%)。在给予抑制剂之前,以50,000个细胞/孔将细胞铺于24-孔板上并培养两天至接近汇合。将N-乙酰基天冬氨酸(NAA,Sigma-Aldrich,St.Louis,MO)溶解于AGM培养基中并使pH回至7.4。将阿司匹林储备液溶解于DMSO中然后在培养基中稀释。浴(bathing)细胞的培养基中的DMSO浓度从不>0.5%。然后给予细胞潜在的前列腺素E2(PGE2)抑制剂(NAA,L-2-氨基-4-膦酰丁酸[L-AP-4,Sigma-Aldrich,St.Louis,MO]、L-谷氨酸二乙酯[GDE,由Nagaraja K.R.Rao,DMI Synthesis UK Ltd.赠予]、阿司匹林或地塞米松)。培养1小时后,使用1μM伊屋诺霉素(Sigma-Aldrich,St.Louis,MO)于37℃刺激细胞24小时。每孔的总体积为1mL。然后,从各孔中移出0.5mL培养基并立即使用前列腺素E2酶免疫测定(EIA)系统(Amersham,Piscataway,NJ)测定PGE2。使用细胞滴定试剂(G358A,Promega,Madison,WI)测定包含细胞的残留培养基的细胞成活力。
COX-2活性测定。修改Ouellet及其同事(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,98:14583-14588(2001))的方法,使用PGE2EIA系统测定COX-2活性。简言之,于37℃使用花生四烯酸(AA)、500μM苯酚和1μM羟高铁血红素的100mM磷酸缓冲液(pH 6.5)培养COX-2(Oxford Biomedical,Oxford,MI)5分钟。使用包含dH2O/MeOH/1M柠檬酸(30∶4∶1)的溶液停止反应。经优化选择COX-2和AA后,确定了0.05单位COX-2每培养和1μM AA为最佳。在加入AA之前,多种浓度的NAA和阿司匹林(pH 6.5)与COX-2、羟高铁血红素和苯酚一起于37℃预培养15分钟。使用AA培养5分钟后停止该反应。使用所述的PGE2 EIA系统测定PGE2水平。
COX-2的RT-PCR。STTG细胞在25cm2细胞培养瓶中生长至接近汇合。给予细胞5或10mM NAA并于37℃、10%CO2中培养4或24小时。使用Rneasy Mini Kit(Qiagen,Valencia,CA)分离RNA并使用A260/A280测定进行定量。然后,使用Omniscript Reverse Transcriptase Kit(Qiagen,Valencia,CA)将2μg RNA转化为cDNA。接着使用HotStar Taq Master Mix(Qiagen,Valencia,CA)进行PCR。从Qiagen(Valencia,CA)获得COX-2正向引物(TCTTTTAATGAGTACCGCAAACG[SEQ ID NO:1])和反向引物(TTAGACTTCTACAGTTCAGTCGAACG[SEQ ID NO:2])并以0.5μM浓度使用。该PCR热循环仪程序包括:1)1个95℃ 15分钟的变性循环,2)30个94℃(30秒变性)、55℃(30秒退火)和72℃(30秒延长)的循环,以及3)1个72℃ 10分钟的延长循环。然后将PCR产物载于2%(w/v)琼脂糖凝胶上并使用溴化乙锭染色。
COX-2的蛋白质印迹。使用NAA或阿司匹林处理STTG细胞并立即使用1或2ng/ml IL-1β(Sigma-Aldrich,St.Louis,MO)刺激。于37℃(10%CO2)培养24小时后,裂解细胞并通过BCA(Pierce,Rockford,IL)定量总蛋白。然后,于4℃使用1∶500山羊抗人COX-2(Santa Cruz Biotechnology,Santa Cruz,CA)和蛋白AG珠粒(Pierce,Rockford,IL)免疫沉淀0.5mg裂解液过夜。将样品载于4-20% Tris-甘氨酸凝胶上(Invitrogen,Carlsbad,CA)并转移至硝酸纤维膜过夜。该膜经5%Blotto(Santa Cruz Biotechnology,Santa Cruz,CA)封阻,并使用1∶100山羊抗人COX-2(Santa Cruz Biotechnology,Santa Cruz,CA)和1∶5,000兔抗山羊IgG HRP(Santa Cruz Biotechnology,Santa Cruz,CA)检测COX-2。使用ECL(Amersham,Piscataway,NJ)显像该膜并曝光于X-射线胶片。
NFκB测定。使用NAA处理STTG细胞并立即使用1ng/ml IL-1β刺激。培养24小时后,裂解细胞并通过BCATM蛋白测定试剂盒(Pierce,Rockford,IL)定量总蛋白。然后使用TransAMTMNF κB Family TranscriptionFactor Assay Kit(产品目录号43296,Active Motif,Carlsbad,CA)测定10μg蛋白裂解液。
统计方法:统计分析采用t检验分析进行。所有的值报告为均值±SD。
C.结论
NAA对于PGE2生成的作用。通过测量PGE2的形成比较了N-乙酰基天冬氨酸(NAA)与阿司匹林(COX-1和COX-2抑制剂)和地塞米松(仅是COX-2抑制剂)抑制环氧化酶的能力。在使用伊屋诺霉素刺激之前给予STTG细胞该抑制剂。阿司匹林和地塞米松证明了完全抑制环氧化酶,证据是在STTG细胞中缺少PGE2的生成(图1)。NAA显示了PGE2生成中的剂量应答降低。在5mM NAA下,PGE2生成下降了56%。在正常的神经元NAA浓度(10mM)下,测量到PGE2生成下降了76%,在20mM下PGE2生成完全抑制(>95%抑制)。
谷氨酸受体拮抗剂的作用。已知谷氨酸受体拮抗剂如L-AP-4和L-谷氨酸二乙酯(GDE)降低了伊屋诺霉素刺激的STTG细胞内的总体PGE2释放,如图2所示。在等摩尔浓度,GDE存在下PGE2释放的降低并不如等摩尔浓度NAA所引起的那么显著。在5和10mM GDE下,STTG细胞中PGE2的释放分别下降了40%和60%。5mM浓度的NAA导致PGE2释放下降了60%,而存在10mM NAA时观察到降低90%。
NAA对于COX-2活性和mRNA的作用。为了确定NAA是否直接抑制环氧化酶,开发了使用PGE2 EIA系统的COX-2活性测定。优化COX-2和花生四烯酸(AA)后,确定了最佳浓度为0.05单位/培养的COX-2和1μM的AA。将这些浓度用于包含NAA的培养中,发现浓度高达20mM的NAA对于COX-2活性没有作用(未显示数据)。
在NAA存在下使用RT-PCR测定总COX-2mRNA。未经刺激的STTG星形神经胶质细胞产生了显著量的信号,该信号不因伊屋诺霉素而增加。浓度为5和10mM的NAA不降低总COX-2mRNA(未显示数据)。
NAA对于总COX-2蛋白的作用。通过蛋白印迹技术在经NAA处理并经IL-1β刺激的STTG细胞中定量COX-2蛋白。图3显示了阿司匹林对于STTG细胞内静歇期COX-2蛋白具有降低作用,而NAA没有作用。对于经刺激的STTG细胞,阿司匹林和NAA均降低了COX-2蛋白总量。
NAA对于NFκB活化的作用。使用涂布了包含NFκB共同结合位点的寡核苷酸的96孔板定量活化的NFκB。该位点特异性结合细胞提取物中包含的活化NFκB。使用1ng/ml IL-1β刺激后,STTG细胞显示NFκB的活化升高了7倍(图4)。在10mM和20mM浓度,NAA使得经刺激的STTG细胞中NFκB的生成分别下降了17.5%和40%。
D.讨论
环氧化酶(COX)亚家族调控前列腺素包括PGE2的产生。已描述了两种主要的COX同功型:COX-1、持家酶;以及COX-2,一种在应答炎症和创伤中被向上调节的诱导酶(Tegeder等,FASEB J.,15:2057-2072(2001))。已显示阿司匹林由于乙酰化位于花生四烯酸结合位点的丝氨酸残基(COX-1和COX-2的分别为Ser-530和Ser-516)而不可逆地抑制环氧化酶,花生四烯酸是环氧化酶的内源性底物(Lecomte等,J.Biol.Chem.,269:13207-13215(1994))。在现今研究中,最初发现了生理浓度的NAA导致经伊屋诺霉素刺激而产生的前列腺素E2(PGE2)显著降低。如所预期的,阿司匹林具有相同作用。因此,起初的假设集中于NAA潜在地乙酰化COX-2,类似于阿司匹林的抑制机理。神经胶质细胞通过天冬氨酸酰基转移酶的作用可降解NAA形成乙酸和天冬氨酸(Chakraborty等,J.Neurochem.,78:736-745(2001))。该乙酸可结合于COX-2的活性位点。
已显示了给予结肠细胞外源性PGE2增强了致癌作用并降低了凋亡(Kawamori等,Carcinogenesis,24:985-990(2003))。已显示COX-衍生的前列腺素增加了血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)并由此促进癌细胞的血管生成(Lim,Oncol.Rep.,10:1241-1249(2003))。此外,在星形胶质细胞和微神经胶质培养基中通过放射损伤显著诱导了COX-2(Kyrkanides等,Brain Res.Mol.BrainRes.,104:159-169(2002))。NAA在脑中潜在的作用通过控制产生前列腺素的量可以是抗增生、抗血管生成、抗炎分子。
前列腺素在中枢神经系统中具有非常重要的生理作用。除了促进充分灌注(Bentzer等,J.Neurotrauma,20:447-461(2003)),前列腺素海对于脑内神经元信号具有重要作用(Rage等,J.Neurosci.,17:9145-9156(1997))。在本研究中高水平的NAA(20mM)导致STTG细胞内前列腺素释放的完全抑制(>95%)。因此,在脑内NAA水平升高的病理情况下(即,卡纳万病),高水平的NAA通过完全消除前列腺素产生而对于正常神经元功能有害。在卡纳万病中,脑白质的进行性海绵样降解是该遗传性疾病的生理信号标志(Matalon等,FrontBiosci.,5:D307-D311(2000))。该降解涉及轴突髓磷脂鞘的损失(Baslow等,J.Mol.Neurosci.,9:109-125(1997))。
通过评价已知谷氨酸受体拮抗剂如L-AP-4和L-谷氨酸二乙酯(GDE)抑制PGE2形成的能力间接研究了NAA作为谷氨酸受体拮抗剂的可能性。在本研究中两种谷氨酸受体拮抗剂均抑制PGE2的形成。Akimitsu等(BrainRes.,861:143-150(2000))证明了NAA-诱导的癫痫发作被GDE所拮抗,表明NAA作用于谷氨酸受体。Jeftinija等(J.Neurochem.,66:676-684(1996))已表明钙离子载体伊屋诺霉素,用作本研究的刺激物,导致兴奋性氨基酸如谷氨酸从新皮质(neocortical)星形神经胶质细胞中的钙-依赖性释放。谷氨酸与神经胶质细胞上受体的结合导致神经胶质细胞活化(Porter等,J.Neurosci.,16:5073-5081(1996))并从星形神经胶质细胞中释放花生四烯酸(Stella等,J.Neurosci.,14:568-575(1994))。基于本研究以及其它研究的发现,NAA可能作用于星形神经胶质细胞的谷氨酸受体并由此限制了细胞活化和随后的前列腺素形成。
本研究的另一发现是NAA对于STTG细胞中总COX-2蛋白的作用。在未经刺激的STTG细胞中,NAA对于总体静歇的COX-2蛋白水平没有影响。一旦这些细胞经IL-1β刺激,NAA降低了总体诱导的COX-2蛋白水平。John及其同事(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,96:11613-11618(1999))已证明IL-1β使得最初的人胚胎星形神经胶质细胞间的细胞内钙波动成为可能。钙是信号转导以及细胞-至-细胞信号的非常重要的第二信使。实际上,在星形神经胶质细胞间,细胞内钙水平的增加导致兴奋性氨基酸谷氨酸的分级释放,如Parpura和Haydon所证明的(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,97:8629-8634(2000))。然后谷氨酸可连接于其神经元上的受体以开始突触传递。Grole和Kauppinen(Cell Calcium,20:509-514(1996))证明了细胞间钙螯合预防了大脑皮质内严重缺氧后的细胞损害。有意义的是,NAA可通过生理pH下NAA分子上的两个负电荷羧基以1∶1比例螯合钙(Rubin等,J.Inorg.Biochem.,60:31-43(1995))。因此,就所示的实验结果而论,解释经IL-1β刺激的STTG细胞内COX-2蛋白水平降低的潜在机理可能是NAA螯合钙的能力,钙是重要的第二信使。
NAA对钙的螯合也是降低STTG细胞内所测量的PGE2生成的关键。对于PGE2试验,我们使用伊屋诺霉素刺激STTG细胞。Venance等(J.Neurosci.,17:1981-1992(1997))证明了外部钙的存在是伊屋诺霉素在培养的星形胶质细胞内诱导细胞间钙波动所必需的。因此,NAA螯合细胞外钙的能力有助于降低我们试验系统中所检测的PGE2水平。PGE2的降低是重要的,因为PGE2可作为刺激物引起星形胶质细胞内钙水平上升从而导致谷氨酸释放(Bezzi等,Nature,391:281-285(1998);Sanzgiri等,J.Neurobiol.,41:221-229(1999))。
除了降低PGE2水平,NAA和阿司匹林之间的另一相似性是NAA可降低经IL-1β刺激的STTG细胞内活化的NFκB量。多方证明了阿司匹林通过乙酰化并灭活负责磷酸化NFκB的抑制性亚单元IκBα的激酶而抑制NFκB活化(Schwenger等,Mol.Cell Biol.,18:78-84(1998);Muller等,FASEB J.,15:1822-1824(2001);Murono等,Cancer Res.,60:2555-2561(2000))。IκBα一经磷酸化,其迅速降解并由此释放活化的NFκB。目前正在研究STTG细胞内由NAA引起的活化NFκB的降低是否缘于酶乙酰化(即,COX-2或IκBα激酶)、钙螯合和/或谷氨酸受体拮抗作用。钙螯合似乎是更可能的机理,因为细胞间钙的增加是炎症、信号转导途径中的早期事件。NFκB活化和谷氨酸释放均在星形胶质细胞内钙流动之后。前列腺素的生成也在后发生,因为IL-1β刺激导致内皮细胞内COX-2蛋白水平升高8倍(Camacho等,J.Biol.Chem.,270:17279-17286(1995))。减量调节脑内活化的NFκB可随后导致促炎性细胞因子如TNFα、IL-1和IL-6降低(Friedman等,J.Biol.Chem.,271:31115-31120(1996);Nomoto等,Neurosurgery,48:158-166(2001);Parker等,Br.J.Pharmacol.,136:312-320(2002))。
本研究的结果证明了N-乙酰基天冬氨酸具有潜在的其它重要作用。除了作为髓磷脂合成的乙酰基供体和渗透调节剂外,NAA显示在中枢神经系统内的炎症调控中是重要的。本研究数据清楚地证明了存在NAA时,经刺激的STTG星形胶质细胞内关键的炎性成分如前列腺素E2、COX-2和NFκB降低了。当在多种神经病理学中观察到NAA浓度下降时,通常的体征和症状将指示炎症。因此,疾病如亨廷顿病、缺血性损伤等中异常低的NAA水平,可能是由于过度利用了NAA以抵消炎性途径。在卡纳万病中,大浓度NAA导致神经元损失可能是由于完全抑制了正常细胞功能的关键成分(即,稳态的前列腺素产生、细胞-至-细胞信号,等)。本研究的结果给予了中枢神经系统中某些隔室内存在的毫摩尔浓度NAA的生物学原理一定关注,并对于为什么这些水平的破坏可引起一些所观察到的相关神经学缺陷提供了一定的解释。
Claims (62)
1、一种治疗炎症的方法,包括给予需要该治疗的动物有效量的下式化合物或其药学上可接受盐:
R1-C(O)-NH-CH2(CH2-COOR2)-COOR2
其中
R1是H、低级烷基或被卤原子取代的低级烷基;以及
R2,各R2可相同或不同,是H或烷基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基或芳烷基,其各自可任选被极性取代基取代。
2、根据权利要求1的方法,其中炎症是动物口腔组织、粘膜、部分皮肤、部分呼吸系统或部分胃肠道炎症。
3、一种治疗炎性疾病或病症的方法,包括给予需要该治疗的动物有效量的下式化合物或其药学上可接受盐:
R1-C(O)-NH-CH2(CH2-COOR2)-COOR2
其中
R1是H、低级烷基或被卤原子取代的低级烷基;以及
R2,各R2可相同或不同,是H或烷基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基或芳烷基,其各自可任选被极性取代基取代。
4、根据权利要求3的方法,其中疾病或病症是动物皮肤、口腔、呼吸系统或胃肠道的炎性疾病或病症。
5、根据权利要求4的方法,其中疾病或病症是急性呼吸窘迫综合征、哮喘、支气管炎、肺气肿、肺纤维化、或呼吸系统感染。
6、根据权利要求4的方法,其中疾病或病症是结肠炎、克隆病、胃炎或炎性肠病。
7、一种治疗增生性疾病或病症的方法,包括给予需要该治疗的动物有效量的下式化合物或其药学上可接受盐:
R1-C(O)-NH-CH2(CH2-COOR2)-COOR2
其中
R1是H、低级烷基或被卤原子取代的低级烷基;以及
R2,各R2可相同或不同,是H或烷基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基或芳烷基,其各自可任选被极性取代基取代。
8、根据权利要求7的方法,其中疾病或病症是癌症、血管增生性疾病疾病、肾小球膜细胞增殖疾病、纤维变性疾病和过度增生性皮肤疾病疾病。
9、根据权利要求7的方法,其中疾病或病症是血管生成疾病和病症。
10、根据权利要求7的方法,其中疾病和病症是眼睛血管生成疾病或病症。
11、根据权利要求7的方法,其中疾病和病症是癌症、肿瘤或肿瘤转移。
12、一种治疗皮肤疾病或病症的方法,包括给予需要该治疗的动物有效量的下式化合物或其药学上可接受盐:
R1-C(O)-NH-CH2(CH2-COOR2)-COOR2
其中
R1是H、低级烷基或被卤原子取代的低级烷基,以及
R2,各R2可相同或不同,是H或烷基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基或芳烷基,其各自可任选被极性取代基取代。
13、根据权利要求12的方法,其中疾病或病症是痤疮、变态反应、烧伤、癌症、皮炎、感染、晒斑、湿疹、牛皮癣、角化病或弹性组织变性。
14、一种处理从动物体中移出的细胞、组织或器官的方法,包括使用包含有效量下式化合物或其药学上可接受盐的溶液或培养基接触该细胞、组织或器官:
R1-C(O)-NH-CH2(CH2-COOR2)-COOR2
其中
R1是H、低级烷基或被卤原子取代的低级烷基,以及
R2,各R2可相同或不同,是H或烷基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基或芳烷基,其各自可任选被极性取代基取代。
15、根据权利要求14的方法,其中所述细胞、组织或器官在与包含所述化合物或其药学上可接受盐的溶液或培养基接触后被移植入动物内。
16、一种治疗动物口腔组织的方法,包括用有效量的下式化合物或其药学上可接受盐接触该组织:
R1-C(O)-NH-CH2(CH2-COOR2)-COOR2
其中
R1是H、低级烷基或被卤原子取代的低级烷基,以及
R2,各R2可相同或不同,是H或烷基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基或芳烷基,其各自可任选被极性取代基取代。
17、根据权利要求16的方法,其中该组织作为预防性口腔护理方案的部分进行治疗。
18、根据权利要求16的方法,其中该组织在手术之前、手术期间、手术之后或其组合进行治疗。
19、根据权利要求16的方法,其中该组织在拔牙之前、拔牙期间、拔牙之后或其组合进行治疗。
20、一种治疗动物口腔疾病或病症的方法,包括给予动物有效量下式化合物或其药学上可接受盐:
R1-C(O)-NH-CH2(CH2-COOR2)-COOR2
其中
R1是H、低级烷基或被卤原子取代的低级烷基,以及
R2,各R2可相同或不同,是H或烷基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基或芳烷基,其各自可任选被极性取代基取代。
21、根据权利要求20的方法,其中所述疾病或病症是炎症或炎性疾病或病症。
22、根据权利要求21的方法,其中所述炎症与手术或拔牙相关。
23、根据权利要求20的方法,其中所述疾病或病症是牙龈炎或牙周炎。
24、根据权利要求20的方法,其中所述疾病或病症是感染、复发性口溃疡、唇疱疹或溃疡。
25、根据权利要求20的方法,其中所述疾病或病症是癌症。
26、一种增白一个或多个动物牙齿的方法,包括使用有效量下式化合物接触动物口腔组织或其药学上可接受盐:
R1-C(O)-NH-CH2(CH2-COOR2)-COOR2
其中
R1是H、低级烷基或被卤原子取代的低级烷基,以及
R2,各R2可相同或不同,是H或烷基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基或芳烷基,其各自可任选被极性取代基取代。
27、一种治疗动物部分皮肤的方法,包括使用有效量下式化合物或其药学上可接受盐接触该部分皮肤:
R1-C(O)-NH-CH2(CH2-COOR2)-COOR2
其中
R1是H、低级烷基或被卤原子取代的低级烷基,以及
R2,各R2可相同或不同,是H或烷基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基或芳烷基,其各自可任选被极性取代基取代。
28、根据权利要求27的方法,其中所述皮肤作为预防性皮肤护理方案的部分进行治疗。
29、根据权利要求1-28任一项的方法,其中所述化合物是N-乙酰基-L-天冬氨酸或其药学上可接受盐。
30、一种药物组合物,含有药学上可接受载体和下式化合物或其药学上可接受盐:
R1-C(O)-NH-CH2(CH2-COOR2)-COOR2
其中
R1是H、低级烷基或被卤原子取代的低级烷基,以及
R2,各R2可相同或不同,是H或烷基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基或芳烷基,其各自可任选被极性取代基取代。
31、根据权利要求30的组合物,其适于所述化合物或其药学上可接受盐的局部给药。
32、根据权利要求31的组合物,其中该组合物是乳膏、洗剂、软膏剂、凝胶剂、糊剂、粉剂、溶液剂或喷雾剂。
33、根据权利要求30的组合物,其适于所述化合物或其药学上可接受盐的局部口服给药。
34、权利要求33的组合物,其中该组合物是溶液、喷雾剂、吸入剂、粉剂、糖浆剂或滴剂。
35、根据权利要求30-34任一项的组合物,其中该化合物是N-乙酰基-L-天冬氨酸或其药学上可接受盐。
36、一种用于接触已从动物体中移出的细胞、组织或器官的溶液或培养基,含有下式化合物或其药学上可接受盐:
R1-C(O)-NH-CH2(CH2-COOR2)-COOR2
其中
R1是H、低级烷基或被卤原子取代的低级烷基,以及
R2,各R2可相同或不同,是H或烷基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基或芳烷基,其各自可任选被极性取代基取代。
37、权利要求36的溶液或培养基,其中所述化合物是N-乙酰基-L-天冬氨酸或其药学上可接受盐。
38、一种口腔护理产品,含有下式化合物或其药学上可接受盐:
R1-C(O)-NH-CH2(CH2-COOR2)-COOR2
其中
R1是H、低级烷基或被卤原子取代的低级烷基;以及
R2,各R2可相同或不同,是H或烷基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基或芳烷基,其各自可任选被极性取代基取代。
39、根据权利要求38的产品,其是口腔护理器具。
40、根据权利要求38的产品,其中所述器具是缝线、牙线或条带。
41、根据权利要求40的产品,其中所述器具是条带且该条带还含有牙齿增白剂。
42、根据权利要求38的产品,其是口腔护理组合物,且该组合物还含有药学上可接受的载体。
43、根据权利要求42的产品,其中该组合物是软膏剂、乳膏、清洗剂、冲洗剂、漱口剂、喷雾剂、溶液剂、凝胶剂、糊剂、粉剂、片剂、口胶剂、锭剂、薄荷剂、膜剂、贴片或牙齿增白组合物。
44、一种个人护理产品,含有下式化合物或其药学上可接受盐:
R1-C(O)-NH-CH2(CH2-COOR2)-COOR2
其中
R1是H、低级烷基或被卤原子取代的低级烷基;以及
R2,各R2可相同或不同,是H或烷基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基或芳烷基,其各自可任选被极性取代基取代。
45、根据权利要求44的产品,其是个人护理器具。
46、根据权利要求45的产品,其中所述器具是海绵、布、擦子、药签或垫片。
47、根据权利要求45的产品,其中所述器具是绷带、缝线或外科海绵。
48、根据权利要求44的产品,其是个人护理组合物,且该组合物还含有药学上可接受的载体。
49、根据权利要求48的产品,其中该组合物是乳膏、洗剂、油或增湿剂。
50、根据权利要求48的产品,其中该组合物是美容剂、除臭剂、口红、唇彩或唇膏。
51、根据权利要求48的产品,其中该组合物是洗发剂、调节剂或头皮治疗组合物。
52、根据权利要求48的产品,其中该组合物是粉剂、液体、洗涤剂、冲洗剂、溶液剂、喷雾剂、滴眼剂、乳剂、凝胶剂或软膏剂。
53、根据权利要求48的产品,其中该组合物是抗痤疮组合物。
54、根据权利要求38-53中任一项的产品,其中所述化合物是N-乙酰基-L-天冬氨酸或其药学上可接受盐。
55、用于接触已从动物体中移出的细胞、组织或器官的试剂盒,含有下式化合物或其药学上可接受盐:
R1-C(O)-NH-CH2(CH2-COOR2)-COOR2
其中
R1是H、低级烷基或被卤原子取代的低级烷基,以及
R2,各R2可相同或不同,是H或烷基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基或芳烷基,其各自可任选被极性取代基取代;
该试剂盒含有存放该化合物或其药学上可接受盐的容器。
56、一种含有口腔护理产品的试剂盒,该口腔护理产品含有下式化合物或其药学上可接受盐:
R1-C(O)-NH-CH2(CH2-COOR2)-COOR2
其中
R1是H、低级烷基或被卤原子取代的低级烷基;以及
R2,各R2可相同或不同,是H或烷基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基或芳烷基,其各自可任选被极性取代基取代。
57、根据权利要求56的试剂盒,其中所述口腔护理产品是口腔护理器具。
58、根据权利要求56的试剂盒,其中所述口腔护理产品是口腔护理组合物,且该组合物还含有药学上可接受的载体。
59、一种含有个人护理产品的试剂盒,该个人护理产品含有下式化合物或其药学上可接受盐:
R1-C(O)-NH-CH2(CH2-COOR2)-COOR2
其中
R1是H、低级烷基或被卤原子取代的低级烷基;以及
R2,各R2可相同或不同,是H或烷基、环烷基、芳基、烷芳基或芳烷基,其各自可任选被极性取代基取代。
60、根据权利要求59的试剂盒,其中该产品是个人护理器具。
61、根据权利要求59的试剂盒,其中该产品是个人护理组合物,且该组合物还含有药学上可接受的载体。
62、根据权利要求55-61中任一项的试剂盒,其中所述化合物是N-乙酰基-L-天冬氨酸或其药学上可接受盐。
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-
2004
- 2004-09-24 AU AU2004275821A patent/AU2004275821A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-09-24 CN CNA2004800349089A patent/CN1886126A/zh active Pending
- 2004-09-24 EP EP04789036A patent/EP1663196A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-09-24 KR KR1020067005801A patent/KR20060088543A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-09-24 CA CA002538352A patent/CA2538352A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-09-24 WO PCT/US2004/031443 patent/WO2005030083A2/en active Application Filing
- 2004-09-24 JP JP2006528239A patent/JP2007506767A/ja not_active Abandoned
- 2004-09-24 US US10/949,715 patent/US20050192348A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2007
- 2007-12-28 US US11/966,293 patent/US20080167376A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2538352A1 (en) | 2005-04-07 |
AU2004275821A1 (en) | 2005-04-07 |
EP1663196A2 (en) | 2006-06-07 |
JP2007506767A (ja) | 2007-03-22 |
WO2005030083A2 (en) | 2005-04-07 |
US20050192348A1 (en) | 2005-09-01 |
WO2005030083A3 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
KR20060088543A (ko) | 2006-08-04 |
US20080167376A1 (en) | 2008-07-10 |
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