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CN1865124A - Inertial sensor body with micro-nano structure and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Inertial sensor body with micro-nano structure and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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CN1865124A
CN1865124A CN 200510071148 CN200510071148A CN1865124A CN 1865124 A CN1865124 A CN 1865124A CN 200510071148 CN200510071148 CN 200510071148 CN 200510071148 A CN200510071148 A CN 200510071148A CN 1865124 A CN1865124 A CN 1865124A
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electrode
layer
mass block
micro
polysilicon
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CN100519405C (en
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叶雄英
谭苗苗
周兆英
王晓皓
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Tsinghua University
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种微纳结构的惯性传感器本体包括:硅基底和在其上设置的绝缘层,2个条带形电极设置在绝缘层上部的两边;2组一维纳米材料的谐振梁分别搭放在质量块与第一电极,和质量块与第二电极之间,或一组谐振梁经过质量块从第一电极搭到第二电极上,谐振梁在与电极和质量块的接触面处固定;质量块位于绝缘层上部的中心处,质量块在谐振梁的支撑下悬空;整个基底作为驱动电极,硅基底上的绝缘层开有一个窗形成压焊盘,作为底电极的引出接头;第一电极和第二电极分别有引线与压焊盘相连;同时,一维纳米材料也作为质量块与电极和电极实现电连接的电引线。本发明的制法包括以硅片为基底材料,对硅片表面微加工和进行一维纳米材料的定向组装实现。

Figure 200510071148

The present invention relates to an inertial sensor body of a micro-nano structure, comprising: a silicon substrate and an insulating layer arranged thereon, two strip electrodes arranged on both sides of the upper part of the insulating layer; two groups of resonant beams of one-dimensional nanomaterials are respectively placed between a mass block and a first electrode, and between the mass block and a second electrode, or a group of resonant beams are placed from the first electrode to the second electrode through the mass block, and the resonant beams are fixed at the contact surface with the electrode and the mass block; the mass block is located at the center of the upper part of the insulating layer, and the mass block is suspended under the support of the resonant beams; the entire substrate is used as a driving electrode, and a window is opened in the insulating layer on the silicon substrate to form a pressure pad, which is used as a lead-out joint of the bottom electrode; the first electrode and the second electrode are respectively connected to the pressure pad by leads; at the same time, the one-dimensional nanomaterial is also used as an electrical lead to realize electrical connection between the mass block and the electrode and the electrode. The preparation method of the present invention includes using a silicon wafer as a substrate material, micro-machining the surface of the silicon wafer, and performing directional assembly of the one-dimensional nanomaterial.

Figure 200510071148

Description

Inertia sensor of a kind of micro-nano structure and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to receive Mechatronic Systems (NEMS) and field of sensing technologies, particularly a kind of realize high-sensitivity measurement, based on inertia sensor of micro-nano structure and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Inertial sensor based on MEMS (MEMS) comprises gyroscope and micro-acceleration gauge, has wide practical use in fields such as industrial automation, automobile, household electrical appliances, building, Aero-Space and national defence.Common mini inertial sensor generally has the structure that little beam supports mass, and its material also all is little processing material---silicon or metal commonly used basically, and the face size of its mass is generally hundred microns to millimeter, and the beam section size is also in micron dimension.That resonant transducer has is highly sensitive, be convenient to advantage such as numeral output, is considered to a kind of very promising sensing mode.The operation principle of resonance type micro accelerometer is: spring beam---mass block structure vibrates at resonance point in driving, has acceleration to do the time spent, and its resonant frequency will change, thereby reaches the purpose of measuring acceleration by the measurement of resonant frequency.Spring beam---mass block structure is the amplitude maximum when resonance, adopts to comprise that methods such as pressure resistance type, condenser type or optical measurement can record its amplitude and feed back to drive circuit, make spring beam-mass block structure vibrate at resonance point all the time.Do the time spent as acceleration, the resonant frequency of spring beam-mass block structure can change, by detecting the size (list of references [1]: B.L.Lee that change of resonance frequency can sense acceleration, C.H.Oh, Y.S.Oh, K.Chun, A novel resonant accelerometer variable electrostaticstiffness type, Proc.Transducers 99 (1999) 1546-1549.).
Along with the progress of nano materials researches such as CNT, the research that utilizes the characteristics such as power, electricity, heat, light, magnetic of the uniqueness that nano material shows to carry out Performances of Novel Nano-Porous pickoff spare becomes a focus of nanometer technology and NEMS research gradually.Utilize material and new effect, the new property of structure in physics, chemistry and biology under the nanoscale, sensor performance is with leaping property raising (list of references [2]: Wu Yingfei, Zhou Zhaoying, Feng Yanying, Zhang Ganghua. nanometer technology and prospect thereof. the science and technology circular, 2003,19 (1): 42-47).Wherein, monodimension nanometer material obtains the attention of height in sensor research, especially CNT, have in light weight, intensity is high, elastic modelling quantity is high, good springiness, and has nanometer grade diameter micron order length simultaneously, draw ratio can reach characteristics (lists of references [3]: Dong Shurong such as 100-1000, Zhang Xiaobin, Tu Jiangping, Wang Chun sheng, Liu Maosen.A NewType NanometreMaterial-Carbon Nanotube.Materials Science ﹠amp; Engineering.Vol.16 1998:19-24), is expected to be used for the NEMS device, replaces the trace in the MEMS device, achieves higher performance.Micro-mechanical inertia sensor commonly used adopts the little technology of silicon, not only etches the sensitive blocks of accelerometer on silicon chip, also etches needed flexible support.And can't realize minimum diameter that monodimension nanometer material has and high draw ratio based on the flexible support of MEMS technology processing.Therefore monodimension nanometer material and assembling microstructures can be realized the high-sensitivity measurement under the very small dimensions, utilize the multinomial high-quality physical property of monodimension nanometer material self also can make the mode variation of signals collecting.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of utilize that monodimension nanometer material combines with micro-structural, have in light weight, intensity is high, elastic modelling quantity is also high, can realize more highly sensitive inertial acceleration measured sensor body; And provide a kind of method of making inertial acceleration measured sensor body.
The inertia sensor of micro-nano structure provided by the invention comprises: a silicon base 1 and the insulating barrier 2 that is provided with thereon, the electrode of fixing on insulating barrier 2 tops, electrode top is fixed with resonance beam 5, contact conductor, an and mass 6, it is characterized in that, described electrode is 2 band shapes, is separately positioned on the both sides on insulating barrier 2 tops of silicon base; Described resonance beam 5 is 2 groups of monodimension nanometer materials, these 2 groups of resonance beam are taken respectively and are placed between mass 6 and first electrode 3 and the mass 6 and second electrode 4, perhaps described resonance beam 5 is one group, this one group of resonance beam 5 is taken on second electrode 4 from first electrode 3 through mass 6, and resonance beam 5 is being fixed with the contact-making surface place of electrode and mass; Described mass 6 is positioned at the center on insulating barrier 2 tops, and mass is unsettled under the support of resonance beam, and the gap (air gap) between insulating barrier 2 and the mass 6 is 0.3 μ m-4 μ m; Whole silicon base 1 is as drive electrode (hearth electrode), and the insulating barrier 2 on the silicon base 1 has a window shape and becomes bond pad 9, as the joint of drawing of hearth electrode; First electrode 3 and second electrode 4 leaded 7 link to each other with bond pad 8 respectively; Simultaneously, monodimension nanometer material is also realized the electrical lead that is electrically connected as mass 6 and electrode 3 and electrode 4.
In above-mentioned technical scheme, described monodimension nanometer material comprises: carbon nano-fiber, nanometer carbon ribbon or CNT; Metal nanometer line such as platinum, silver; With materials such as semiconductor nanowires such as GaP, InP, described resonance beam is 2 groups, and each group adopts several, different size according to mass, adopt less carbon pipe, can support under the unsettled prerequisite of mass, be beneficial to reduce the rigidity of mass and cantilever beam institute construction system.
In above-mentioned technical scheme, described substrate 1 is selected from silicon chip.
In above-mentioned technical scheme, the size of described spring beam 5 is generally: length is between 2 μ m~30 μ m, and diameter is 1 nanometer to 100 nanometer.
In above-mentioned technical scheme, described insulating barrier is selected from silica and silicon nitride etc., and its silica and silicon nitride gross thickness are 1600  to 2500 .
In above-mentioned technical scheme, described electrode be polysilicon or polysilicon and on metal level, metal level comprises one deck titanium and one deck gold, titanium/gold metal layer thickness is between 0.3 μ m~4 μ m.
In above-mentioned technical scheme, described mass 6 be polycrystalline silicon material or polysilicon and on titanium/gold metal layer, the gap between the mass 6 and first electrode 3 and second electrode 4 is between 0.5 μ m~10 μ m.
The preparation method of the inertia sensor of making micro-nano structure provided by the invention, this method comprise with the silicon chip being base material, and to the little processing of silicon chip surface with carry out the orientation assembling of monodimension nanometer material, wherein step is as follows:
1) adopts conventional semiconductor technology to carry out phosphorus heavy doping to silicon base, form doped layer as drive electrode (hearth electrode);
2) deposit one layer insulating on the silicon chip that step 1) obtains, simultaneously also as the layer that stops of sacrifice layer corrosion, its thickness of insulating layer is 1600  to 2500 ;
3) then in step 2) deposit one deck sacrifice layer on the silicon chip that obtains, its sacrificial layer thickness is 0.3 μ m-4 μ m;
4) the electrode figure by design removes the part in described insulating barrier and the sacrifice layer, so that expose described base electrode: be deposited with insulating barrier and sacrifice layer silicon chip to what step 3) obtained, adopt conventional semiconductor technology to carry out graphical etching and expose the required press welding block of described hearth electrode;
5) deposit one polysilicon layer on the silicon chip that graphically obtains through step 4) again, its thickness is 0.3 μ m-4 μ m, and adopts conventional semiconductor technology that described polysilicon layer is carried out heavy doping phosphorus, makes described polysilicon layer to conduct electricity;
6) above-mentioned silicon chip is carried out surface chemical modification and handle, the functional group that the polysilicon surface of the silica that is covered with autoxidation or artificial growth can be combined with monodimension nanometer material such as CNT;
Wherein surface chemical modification is handled and to be comprised: with Piranha reagent (concentrated sulfuric acid and 30% H2O2 mix by 7: 3 volume ratio) cleaning silicon chip, then silicon chip is immersed in the hexane solution of 2mMKH-550 after 3 to 4 hours, clean with chloroform, take out the back and under 120 ℃, bake and bank up with earth;
7) simultaneously, monodimension nanometer material is carried out surface chemical modification handle, it can be combined with silicon base, for example on CNT, connect carboxylic group;
8) utilize methods such as common fluid flows, electric field driven, chemical deposition, the oriented alignment assembling is as the monodimension nanometer material of resonance beam on silicon base;
9) then described monodimension nanometer material is fixed on described electrode and the mass: be furnished with the graphical metal level of deposit on the silicon chip of monodimension nanometer material, wherein metal level comprises titanium/gold, its thickness at 400  to 1200 , and utilize this metal level to do the described polysilicon layer of mask etching, make described polysilicon layer morphoplasm gauge block and first and second electrodes and lead-in wire thereof;
10) sacrifice layer corrosion of described mass below is removed, made that described mass is unsettled.
In above-mentioned technical scheme, described step 2) insulating barrier of deposit in, comprise the silicon dioxide layer that adopts the thermal oxidation method growth and on silicon dioxide layer with the silicon nitride layer of Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition deposit.
In above-mentioned technical scheme, the sacrificial layer material in the described step 3) is a phosphorosilicate glass.
In above-mentioned technical scheme, in the described step 5), described polysilicon is carried out heavy doping phosphorus comprises: deposit one deck phosphorosilicate glass on described polysilicon layer, its thickness be 0.05 μ m to 1 μ m, and carry out annealing operation, remove residual phosphorosilicate glass at last.
In the present invention, inertial sensor by measure that spring beam 5 and mass 6 constitute quality---the change of resonance frequency amount of spring system is measured the size of acceleration, give between mass 6 and the substrate 1 by electrode 3 or electrode 4 to apply the alternation exciting voltage signal that a static is setovered and made its resonance.Under the effect of this alternation exciting voltage signal, quality---spring system generation resonance.When acceleration acted on mass 6, the resonant frequency frequency of quality---spring system changed, and utilized the piezoresistive effect of CNT, semiconductor nanowires or utilized optical means to detect, and measured change of resonance frequency.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the monodimension nanometer material that the inertial sensor structure that combines with micro-structural based on monodimension nanometer material is utilized has minimum diameter and high draw ratio, utilize MEMS processing to realize, utilize the minimum footpath and the high length-diameter ratio characteristic of monodimension nanometer material, can realize that the sensitivity under the very small dimensions detects; CNT, semiconductor nanowires have good piezoresistive effect, utilize this piezoresistive effect to measure and can also further improve sensitivity; Owing to utilize nano material to combine, but the small device of implementation structure size with little processing; Utilize the fluid of MEMS technology combining nano material to arrange, realize the micro-nano device that monodimension nanometer material combines with micro-structural.This kind sensor can also expand to the sensor that other physics, biochemical quantity detect, as, the measured quality that makes mass changes or makes the suffered stress changes of elastic supporting beams, thus the sensor that the resonant frequency of system is changed.Preparation method technology of the present invention is simple, and primary structure is by obtaining with photoetching, thereby has guaranteed the making precision.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the inertial sensor structure that combines with micro-structural based on monodimension nanometer material of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a structure vertical view behind the etching polysilicon in preparation method of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is according to technological process diagram process chart along the A-A line drawing in Fig. 3.
The drawing explanation:
1-substrate 2-insulating barrier 3-first electrode
The 4-second electrode 5-resonance beam 6-mass
7-lead-in wire 8,9-bond pad 10-etch pit
11-silicon dioxide layer 12-silicon nitride layer 13-PSG sacrifice layer
14-hearth electrode fairlead 15-polysilicon 16-titanium/gold metal layer
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1, presses Fig. 1 and shown in Figure 3, makes an inertial sensor and comprises at the bottom of the silicon wafer-based 1, and substrate 1 has been carried out heavy doping phosphorus as drive electrode (hearth electrode).At the bottom of the silicon wafer-based on 1 deposit one layer thickness be the silica 11 of 400 , form insulating barrier 2 with the silicon nitride 12 of 1500 , both sides on insulating barrier 2 are provided with first strip electrode 3 and second electrode 4 of long 100 μ m * high 2 μ m (its width according to domain in graphical distribution coordinate) respectively, and this electrode is a polysilicon.One group of 5 resonance beam 5 be overlapped on first electrode 3 and and mass 6 between, 5 resonance beam 5 of another group are overlapped between second electrode 4 and the mass 6, simultaneously, the electrical lead that CNT also is electrically connected as mass 6 and electrode 3 and electrode 4 realizations.Mass 6 is a polycrystalline silicon material, and this mass 6 is 20 μ m * 40 μ m, and described mass 6 is positioned at the center on insulating barrier 2 tops, and mass is unsettled under the support of resonance beam, and the gap (air gap) between insulating barrier 2 and the mass 6 is 2 μ m; And mass 6 is fixed on the centre of first electrode 3 and second electrode 4 by the spring beam 5 of 2 groups of CNTs, and its mass 6 and gaps between electrodes are at 2 μ m.Each group spring beam is 5 CNTs, and this length of carbon nanotube is at 5 μ m, and diameter is about 1 nanometer (diameter that can not guarantee all carbon pipes is identical, can only be on the average meaning).Sacrifice layer below the corrosion mass can form mass 6 hanging structures under the support of spring beam.Insulating barrier 2 on the silicon base 1 has a window shape and becomes bond pad 9, as the joint of drawing of hearth electrode.First electrode 3 links to each other with bond pad 8 with second electrode 4 all leaded 7.
Embodiment 2
By shown in Figure 1, to make an inertial sensor and comprise at the bottom of the silicon wafer-based 1, substrate 1 has been carried out heavy doping phosphorus as drive electrode (hearth electrode).At the bottom of the silicon wafer-based on 1 deposit one layer thickness be the silica of 1000 , form insulating barrier 2 with the silicon nitride of 1500 , both sides on insulating barrier 2 be provided with respectively long 100 μ m * high 2 μ m (its width according to domain in figure settle coordinate) first strip electrode 3 and second electrode 4, this electrode is a polysilicon.The metal nanometer line of one group of 10 platinum is as resonance beam 5, its length is 15 μ m, and diameter is 20 nanometers, and this resonance beam 5 is taken second electrode 4 through mass 6 from first electrode 3, simultaneously, the metal nanometer line of platinum is also realized the electrical lead that is electrically connected as mass 6 and electrode 3 and electrode 4.Sacrifice layer below the corrosion mass, under the support of spring beam, can form mass 6 hanging structures, described mass 6 is positioned at the center on insulating barrier 2 tops, and mass is unsettled under the support of resonance beam, and the gap (air gap) between insulating barrier 2 and the mass 6 is 2 μ m.Gap between mass 6 and electrode 3 and 4 is at 4 μ m.Insulating barrier 2 on the silicon base 1 has a window shape and becomes bond pad 9, as the joint of drawing of hearth electrode.
Embodiment 3
By shown in Figure 1, to make an inertial sensor and comprise at the bottom of the silicon wafer-based 1, substrate 1 has been carried out heavy doping phosphorus as drive electrode (hearth electrode).At the bottom of the silicon wafer-based on 1 deposit one layer thickness be that the silica of 500  and the silicon nitride of 1700  form insulating barrier 2, other structure is with embodiment 1, just resonance beam 5 is used the GaP semiconductor nanowires, its length is between 15 μ m, diameter is 60 nanometers.Described mass 6 is positioned at the center on insulating barrier 2 tops, and mass is unsettled under the support of resonance beam, and the gap (air gap) between insulating barrier 2 and the mass 6 is 2.5 μ m; And mass 6 is fixed on the centre of first electrode 3 and second electrode 4 by the spring beam 5 of 2 groups of CNTs, and its mass 6 and gaps between electrodes are at 5 μ m.
Embodiment 4
The preparation method of inertia sensing structure of the present invention comprises two processes generally: MEMS technical process and monodimension nanometer material assembling process.The MEMS technical process mainly is to form to form needed electrode of inertial sensor structure and mass on silicon base, and the following process behind the last monodimension nanometer material of assembling; The nano material assembling process mainly is that monodimension nanometer material is assembled on the silicon chip that has carried out making in earlier stage.Finally obtain the inertial sensor structure for preparing.
In the present embodiment, the structure vertical view after the assembling of MEMS technical process and monodimension nanometer material finishes as shown in Figure 2,
Fig. 2 presses the embodiment that process sequence describes preparation method among the present invention in detail, comprises the steps A)~J), these step numbers A wherein)~J) (a)~(j) with Fig. 3 is corresponding one by one.Specific as follows:
A) monocrystalline silicon piece is as substrate 1, and the upper surface of substrate 1 is carried out heavy doping phosphorus, to form a doped layer (not shown) as hearth electrode, makes substrate 1 can be used as hearth electrode by being mixed in the surface of substrate 1 in other words;
B) adopt thermal oxidation method at silicon base 1 upper surface growth layer of silicon dioxide (SiO 2) 11, its thickness is: 200  are to 1000 ;
C) adopt Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (LPCVD) deposit one deck silicon nitride (Si 3N 4) 12, its thickness is that 1000  are to 2000 ; Step B) and step C) in the silicon dioxide layer 11 that obtains and silicon nitride layer 12 as the layer that stops of insulating barrier 2 and sacrifice layer etching;
D) use LPCVD deposit one deck phosphorosilicate glass (PSG) as sacrifice layer 13, all can between thickness 1 μ m to the 4 μ m;
E) by photoetching, reactive ion etching (RIE) patterned insulator layer (being silicon dioxide layer 11 and silicon nitride layer 12) and sacrifice layer 13, to remove the part of insulating barrier and sacrifice layer, form an opening area 14, thereby expose hearth electrode, as base electrode bond pad 8, this opening area 14 preferably is positioned at the position away from central authorities;
F) on sacrifice layer 13, use LPCVD deposit one deck polysilicon 15; Then polysilicon layer 15 is carried out heavy doping phosphorus, make this polysilicon layer 15 to conduct electricity.This heavy doping phosphorus can be as follows: deposit one deck phosphorosilicate glass on polysilicon layer 15, and under 1000 ℃, annealed 60 minutes, remove residual phosphorosilicate glass, the polysilicon layer after obtaining mixing with hydrofluoric acid at last;
G) directed assembling monodimension nanometer material 5 is to form spring beam 5.Specifically, monodimension nanometer materials such as CNT are carried out dispersion treatment and finishing, concrete dispersion treatment and finishing step comprise:
A. formulated suspension, CNT is carried out connect carboxylic group simultaneously in the process of truncation, detailed process is: get CNT and put into the single port flask, the red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) and the concentrated sulfuric acid that add 1: 3 proportioning, ultrasonic dispersion 1 hour is heated to 70 ℃ then, continues ultrasonic 1.5 hours, with a large amount of deionized water dilute solutions, left standstill one day; Incline and fall the upper strata acid solution, add entry again, left standstill one day, outwell the upper strata acid solution once more; Suction filtration, and drip washing, up to PH>5, drying obtains the carboxylation CNT.Adopt the method for ultrasonic dispersion then, CNT is dispersed in the solvent of deionized water for example;
B. simultaneously, the chemical treatment amino monolayer of growing is carried out on the surface of polysilicon 13, make bonding more reliable between them to increase interaction force between monodimension nanometer material such as CNT and polysilicon 15 surfaces;
C. monodimension nanometer material suspension such as CNT are flow through with certain flow rate at polysilicon surface, realize the oriented alignment of monodimension nanometer material.
H) behind sputter one deck titanium coating on the polysilicon 15 that is placed with monodimension nanometer material 5, sputter one deck gold metal layer 16 again, and, form mass 6, electrode 3 and 4 and go between 7 and bond pad 8, and the figure of the bond pad 9 of hearth electrode etc. by chemical wet etching.This layer metal also plays the fixedly effect of monodimension nanometer material;
I) with H) in metal level after the photoetching as mask, by the graphical polysilicon layer 15 of Deep Reaction ion etching (ICP), with final formation mass 6, electrode 3 and 4 and lead-in wire and bond pad 7 and 8, and the bond pad 9 of hearth electrode; Limit by diagram, mass 6, electrode 3 and 4 only can be shown in Fig. 3 (a)-(j), and bond pad 9, still be easy to obtain the distribution of each parts in conjunction with Fig. 2;
J) with buffered hydrofluoric acid solution (BHF) corrosion phosphorosilicate glass sacrifice layer 13, wherein the part that is positioned at mass 6 belows in the sacrifice layer 13 to be removed,, and don't make electrode, lead-in wire and bond pad unsettled so that mass 6 is unsettled.Many etch pits 10 are arranged, to quicken the corrosion of the sacrifice layer under it in the mass 6.
Assembling monodimension nanometer material 5, can adopt that fluid is arranged, method such as electrophoresis or growth in situ is arranged in relevant position on electrode 3,4 and the mass 5 with monodimension nanometer material, by in advance to forming the polysilicon surface of mass 6 and electrode 3,4, and monodimension nanometer material carries out chemical modification, the surface of supporting nano material is fixed nano material by the effect and the Van der Waals force of chemical bond, and the coating effect by layer of metal at last realizes that micro-structural combines with the firm of monodimension nanometer material.
Can adopt the fluid driving method to arrange monodimension nanometer material in the present embodiment, concrete operations are: prepare the aaerosol solution of a dispersing nanometer carbon pipe, wherein CNT connects carboxylic group through chemical modification; The polysilicon upper edge that this solution is formed mass 6 and electrode 3,4 with certain speed is flow through perpendicular to the direction in mass and interelectrode gap, and polysilicon surface forms water-wetted surface by chemical treatment.When nanotube solution flow through, under the effect of chemical bond, the carboxylic group on the CNT can stick by chemical b ` with the hydrophilic radical of polysilicon surface, and longshore current is to being arranged in polysilicon surface when fluid flows, and arranged in the directed location of realization.At last, by splash-proofing sputtering metal layer 16, the CNT of arranging is coated on electrode and the mass.

Claims (10)

1、一种微纳结构的惯性传感器本体包括:一硅基底1和在其上设置的绝缘层(2),在绝缘层(2)上部固定的电极,电极上部固定有谐振梁(5)、电极引线,以及一质量块(6),其特征在于,所述电极为(2)个条带形,分别设置在基体绝缘层(2)上部的两边;所述谐振梁(5)为2组一维纳米材料,该2组谐振梁分别搭放在质量块(6)与第一电极(3)和质量块(6)与第二电极4之间,或者所述谐振梁(5)为一组,该一组谐振梁(5)经过质量块(6)从第一电极(3)搭到第二电极(4)上,谐振梁(5)在与电极和质量块的接触面处固定;所述质量块(6)位于绝缘层(2)上部的中心处,质量块在谐振梁的支撑下悬空,绝缘层(2)与质量块(6)之间的间隙为0.3μm-4μm;整个基底(1)作为驱动电极,硅基底(1)上的绝缘层(2)开有一个窗形成压焊盘(9),作为底电极的引出接头;第一电极(3)和第二电极(4)分别有引线与压焊盘(7)和(8)相连;同时,一维纳米材料也作为质量块(6)与电极(3)和电极(4)实现电连接的电引线。1. An inertial sensor body of a micro-nano structure comprises: a silicon substrate 1 and an insulating layer (2) arranged thereon, an electrode fixed on the insulating layer (2) top, and a resonant beam (5) fixed on the electrode top, Electrode leads, and a quality block (6), are characterized in that, described electrode is (2) strip shape, is respectively arranged on the both sides of base insulating layer (2) upper part; Described resonant beam (5) is 2 groups One-dimensional nanomaterials, the two groups of resonant beams are respectively placed between the mass block (6) and the first electrode (3) and the mass block (6) and the second electrode 4, or the resonant beam (5) is a group, the group of resonant beams (5) rides from the first electrode (3) to the second electrode (4) through the mass block (6), and the resonant beam (5) is fixed at the contact surface with the electrode and the mass block; The mass block (6) is located at the center of the upper part of the insulating layer (2), the mass block is suspended under the support of the resonant beam, and the gap between the insulating layer (2) and the mass block (6) is 0.3 μm-4 μm; the entire The substrate (1) is used as a driving electrode, and the insulating layer (2) on the silicon substrate (1) has a window to form a pressing pad (9), which is used as the lead-out joint of the bottom electrode; the first electrode (3) and the second electrode ( 4) lead wires are respectively connected to the pressing pads (7) and (8); at the same time, the one-dimensional nanomaterials are also used as electrical lead wires for electrically connecting the mass block (6) with the electrodes (3) and electrodes (4). 2.根据权利要求1所述的微纳结构的惯性传感器本体,其特征在于,所述谐振梁为一维纳米材料,该一维纳米材料包括:碳纳米纤维、纳米碳带或碳纳米管;铂、银金属纳米线;和GaP、InP半导体纳米线等材料。2. The inertial sensor body of the micro-nano structure according to claim 1, wherein the resonant beam is a one-dimensional nanomaterial, and the one-dimensional nanomaterial comprises: carbon nanofibers, carbon nanobelts or carbon nanotubes; Platinum, silver metal nanowires; and GaP, InP semiconductor nanowires and other materials. 3.根据权利要求1所述的微纳结构的惯性传感器本体,其特征在于,所述弹性梁5的尺寸通常为:长度在2μm~30μm之间,直径为1纳米至100纳米。3 . The inertial sensor body with micro-nano structure according to claim 1 , wherein the size of the elastic beam 5 is generally: the length is between 2 μm and 30 μm, and the diameter is 1 nanometer to 100 nanometers. 4.根据权利要求1所述的微纳结构的惯性传感器本体,其特征在于,所述绝缘层选自氧化硅和氮化硅,其氧化硅和氮化硅总厚度为1600到2500。4. The inertial sensor body with micro-nano structure according to claim 1, wherein the insulating layer is selected from silicon oxide and silicon nitride, and the total thickness of silicon oxide and silicon nitride is 1600 Ȧ to 2500 Ȧ. 5.根据权利要求1所述的微纳结构的惯性传感器本体,其特征在于,所述电极为多晶硅或多晶硅及其上的金属层,金属层包括一层钛和一层金,钛/金金属层厚度在0.3μm~4μm之间。5. The inertial sensor body of the micro-nano structure according to claim 1, wherein the electrode is polysilicon or polysilicon and a metal layer thereon, and the metal layer includes one layer of titanium and one layer of gold, titanium/gold metal The layer thickness is between 0.3 μm and 4 μm. 6.根据权利要求1所述的微纳结构的惯性传感器本体,其特征在于,所述质量块6为多晶硅材料或多晶硅材料及其上的钛/金金属层,质量块6与第一电极3和第二电极4之间的间隙在0.5μm~10μm之间。6. the inertial sensor body of micro-nano structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described mass block 6 is polysilicon material or polysilicon material and the titanium/gold metal layer on it, mass block 6 and first electrode 3 The gap with the second electrode 4 is between 0.5 μm and 10 μm. 7.一种制备权利要求1所述的微纳结构的惯性传感器本体的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤如下:7. A method for preparing the inertial sensor body of the micro-nano structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, comprising the following steps: a.对硅基底采用常规半导体工艺进行磷重掺杂,形成掺杂层作为驱动电极;a. The silicon substrate is heavily doped with phosphorus using a conventional semiconductor process to form a doped layer as a driving electrode; b.在步骤a)得到的硅片上淀积一层绝缘层,同时也作为牺牲层腐蚀的停止层,其绝缘层厚度为1600至2500;b. Depositing a layer of insulating layer on the silicon wafer obtained in step a), and also as a stop layer for sacrificial layer etching, the thickness of the insulating layer is 1600 Ȧ to 2500 Ȧ; c.然后在步骤b)得到的硅片上淀积一层牺牲层,其牺牲层厚度为0.3μm-4μm;c. then depositing a sacrificial layer on the silicon wafer obtained in step b), the thickness of the sacrificial layer is 0.3 μm-4 μm; d.按设计的电极图将所述绝缘层和牺牲层中的一部分去除,以便露出所述基体电极:对步骤c)得到的淀积有绝缘层和牺牲层硅片,采用常规半导体工艺进行图形化刻蚀露出所述底电极所需的压焊块;d. Remove a part of the insulating layer and the sacrificial layer according to the designed electrode pattern, so as to expose the base electrode: for the silicon wafer deposited with the insulating layer and the sacrificial layer obtained in step c), adopt a conventional semiconductor process for patterning etching to expose the pad required for the bottom electrode; e.再在经步骤d)图形化得到的硅片上淀积一多晶硅层,其厚度为0.3μm-4μm,并采用常规半导体工艺对所述多晶硅层进行重掺杂磷,使得所述多晶硅层可导电;e. Deposit a polysilicon layer on the silicon wafer obtained by patterning in step d), with a thickness of 0.3 μm-4 μm, and use a conventional semiconductor process to heavily dope the polysilicon layer with phosphorus, so that the polysilicon layer Conductive; f.对上述硅片进行表面化学修饰处理,使覆有自然氧化或人工生长的氧化硅的多晶硅表面能与碳纳米管等一维纳米材料结合的官能基团:其中表面化学修饰处理包括:用Piranha试剂清洗硅片,然后将硅片浸入2mMKH-550的正己烷溶液中3至4小时后,用氯仿清洗,取出后在120℃下烘培;f. Carry out surface chemical modification treatment to above-mentioned silicon wafer, make the polysilicon surface that is covered with the silicon oxide of natural oxidation or artificial growth and the functional group that one-dimensional nanomaterials such as carbon nanotube combine: Wherein surface chemical modification treatment comprises: use Clean the silicon wafer with Piranha reagent, then immerse the silicon wafer in 2mM KH-550 n-hexane solution for 3 to 4 hours, then wash it with chloroform, take it out and bake it at 120°C; g.利用通常的流体流动、电场驱动、化学沉积方法,在硅基底上定向排布组装作为谐振梁的一维纳米材料;g. Utilize the usual fluid flow, electric field drive, and chemical deposition methods to arrange and assemble one-dimensional nanomaterials as resonant beams on the silicon substrate; h.然后将所述一维纳米材料固定在所述电极和质量块上:在布有一维纳米材料的硅片上淀积图形化一金属层,其中金属层包括钛/金,其厚度在400到1200,并利用该金属层做掩模刻蚀所述多晶硅层,使所述多晶硅层成形质量块和第一和第二电极及其引线;h. Then the one-dimensional nanomaterials are fixed on the electrodes and mass blocks: a patterned metal layer is deposited on a silicon wafer with one-dimensional nanomaterials, wherein the metal layer includes titanium/gold with a thickness of 400 Ȧ to 1200 Ȧ, and using the metal layer as a mask to etch the polysilicon layer, so that the polysilicon layer forms a quality block, the first and second electrodes and their leads; i.将所述质量块下方的牺牲层腐蚀去除,使得所述质量块悬空。i. Etching and removing the sacrificial layer under the mass block, so that the mass block is suspended. 8.根据权利要求7所述的微纳结构的惯性传感器本体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤b)中淀积的绝缘层,包括采用热氧化法生长的二氧化硅层,和在二氧化硅层之上用低压化学气相沉积法淀积的氮化硅层。8. the preparation method of the inertial sensor body of micro-nano structure according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the insulating layer deposited in the described step b) comprises the silicon dioxide layer that adopts thermal oxidation method to grow, and A layer of silicon nitride deposited by low pressure chemical vapor deposition on top of a layer of silicon dioxide. 9.根据权利要求7所述的微纳结构的惯性传感器本体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤c)中的牺牲层材料为磷硅玻璃。9 . The method for preparing an inertial sensor body with a micro-nano structure according to claim 7 , wherein the sacrificial layer material in step c) is phosphosilicate glass. 10.根据权利要求7所述的微纳结构的惯性传感器本体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤e)中,对所述多晶硅进行重掺杂磷包括:在所述多晶硅层上淀积一层磷硅玻璃,其厚度0.05μm到1μm并进行退火操作,最后去除残留的磷硅玻璃。10. The preparation method of the inertial sensor body with micro-nano structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, in the step e), heavily doping the polysilicon with phosphorus comprises: depositing on the polysilicon layer Lay a layer of phosphosilicate glass with a thickness of 0.05 μm to 1 μm and perform annealing operation, and finally remove the residual phosphosilicate glass.
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