CN1838008A - Zero-programming Method of NC Gear Hobbing Machining - Google Patents

Abstract

A zero-programming method for CNC gear hobbing machine processing, relating to a programming method for a CNC gear hobbing machine. The method of the invention utilizes the keyboard and the numerical control system provided by the numerical control system to set, calculate and verify parameters such as workpieces, tools, and processing, and finally automatically generates the NC machining code of the gear according to the programming format of the numerical control system. The method of the present invention can be embedded in a numerical control system, and its man-machine interface has the same style as that of a numerical control machine tool, and the machining is directly controlled on the numerical control gear hobbing machine, so the quality of the processed gear is stable, the process maturity is high, and the operation is simple. The invention can be widely used in processing various types of gears.

Description

The zero programmed method of chain digital control gear hobbing machine processing

Technical field

The invention belongs to Gear Processing numerical control machine tool technique field, particularly the programmed method of chain digital control gear hobbing machine processing.

Background technology

In the numerically-controlled machine field, the present control system of using is generally universal, as lathe, milling machine, machining center etc., but to some special lathe such as special purpose grinder, dedicated location opertaing device etc. all needs own special interface, is convenient to operation, management to equipment like this.Simplify the intellectuality of programming, the aspect that simplifies the operation, as intelligentized automated programming, intelligentized man-machine interface etc. are one of development trends of digital control system.Though gear and cutting tool kind thereof are a lot, contour curve is also rather complicated usually, but because the formation of its working profile has regularity, only can determine with several parameter amounts, so their descriptions on detail drawing are but relatively simpler and clearer, often adopt some few characteristic parameters clearly to represent.As machining cylindrical gear, the parameter of decision cylindrical gear shape has spiral angle of graduated circle, Base spiral angle, normal module, transverse module, normal pitch pressure angle, transverse pressure angle, normal plane addendum coefficient, normal plane tip clearance coefficient, reference diameter, base circle diameter (BCD), ad., tooth root high; And for example process conical gear, the parameter of decision conical gear has minute of angle, reference circle, tip diameter, root diameter, tip angle, root angle, pitch cone radius, ad., height of teeth root, dedendum angle, the facewidth etc.; Process rack barrel for another example, the parameter of decision rack barrel has cydariform amount, rack barrel external diameter, center radius, near stroke etc.In a word, though their shape varies and comparatively complicated, the parameter that determines its shape is limited, is that they are numerically variant.On the other hand, because the hobbing machine model becomes process principle to determine, what require to satisfy between the cutter spindle of lathe and the work spindle strictness decides to compare drive connection.So gear is before cutting forming, relevant selection, adjustment such as cutting parameters such as speed of cutter spindle, the depth of cut, feeding feed speed, the intrinsic parameter that need to rely on the characteristic parameter of these workpiece and cutting tool thereof, sets in conjunction with lathe and the installation parameter of workpiece and cutting tool are operated by analyzing, calculating.So these parameters are bases of gear numerical control machining prgraming.

Existing Gear Processing numerically-controlled machine comprises: hobbing machine, gear planer, gear shaving machine, gear honing machine, beveler, gear grinding machines etc.Generally all adopt the manual programming method, each step such as the machine operation personnel at first analyze the gear pattern, carry out PROCESS FOR TREATMENT, numerical evaluation, programming, keyboard loading routine, program verification, gear cutting machine is finished processing to gear part by the job sequence of finishing then.The main weak point of manual programming method is: 1. the vocational technology to the programming personnel requires than higher; Make mistakes easily when 2. programming, particularly calculate and easier the makeing mistakes of keyboard loading routine link, thereby influence the crudy of hobbing machine; 3. efficiency ratio is lower, and the production cycle is long, shows the time ratio average out to of programming and machine tooling 30: 1 according to statistics.

Existing Gear Processing numerically-controlled machine automatic programming method, reach " Network Based and AUTOCAD CNC automatic programming system development Study on Technology " as disclosed Master's thesis " research and development of Gear Processing graphic parameter automatic programming system " and " based on the CNC automatic programming systematic study of AUTOCAD " in " Chinese academic dissertation full-text data library searching ", have pass through software modelings on computers such as AutoCAD, Pro/E after, utilize subsequent development software to generate the NC code automatically; Also have pass through to develop software on computers calls mapping software information and generates the NC machining code automatically.The weak point of said method: above-mentioned method all is to realize on computers, also to be transferred to numerically-controlled machine to the NC program that generates on computers by computing machine and numerically-controlled machine networking more then, so just also will consider the problem of computing machine and numerically-controlled machine networking.In addition, a numerically-controlled machine need dispose a computing machine, so cost is also higher to workman's occupation requirement also than higher, requires the operator can use AutoCAD software etc.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is at the manual programming of existing Gear Processing numerically-controlled machine and the weak point of automatic programming method, a kind of zero programmed method of chain digital control gear hobbing machine processing is provided, can embed in the digital control system, directly on numerically-controlled machine, realize, convenient, quick, has the utilization factor that shortens the production cycle, improves chain digital control gear hobbing machine, reduce machine operation personnel's labour intensity and vocational technology threshold, improve the technical maturity of Gear Processing and the quality stability of Gear Processing, and promoted the characteristics such as the market competitiveness of this number of gears controlled machine greatly.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of zero program method of chain digital control gear hobbing machine processing, keyboard, the digital control system of utilizing digital control system to carry, by parameters such as workpiece, cutter, processing are provided with, calculate and verify, the NC machining code that generates this gear automatically according to the format program of digital control system can show then.Its method step is as follows:

(1) parameter is set

In parameter module was set, the keyboard that utilizes digital control system to carry was provided with the following parameter that adds work gear:

1. the workpiece parameter is set

Have in being provided with: the distance parameter between workpiece external diameter, the workpiece number of teeth, normal module, normal pressure angle, gear width, helix angle, helix angle direction, overlap arc, addendum coefficient, tip clearance coefficient, workpiece external diameter correction, dedendum flank and the worktable;

2. cutter parameters is set

Have in being provided with: cutterhead number, cutter external diameter, normal module, lead angle, the hand of spiral, pressure angle, whether scurry cutter, scurry the cutter starting point, scurry the cutter terminal point, scurry the cutter amount at every turn, scurry cutter processing number of packages parameter at every turn;

3. machined parameters is set

Have in being provided with: the amount of feeding, depth of cut, hobboing cutter speed, cutting way, cut-in manner, feeding number of times parameter;

4. other parameter is set

Have in being provided with: cancellation synchronously, support arm, liquid coolant, chip removal, oil mist separator, anchor clamps parameter;

The man-machine interface that parameter module mainly provides system to accept desired parameters is set, and behind input parameter, control system is carried out assignment to these parameters automatically, is that (2) step card, the calculating of (3) step and (4) step coding lay the first stone.

(2) certificate parameter

Because the singularity of gear and gear hobbing processing is verified following parameter in the certificate parameter module by program:

1. workpiece external diameter checking:

Da ₁＝D _g+2(ha ^*+Xn)·Mn ₁-(1～2)mm

In the formula: Da ₁-workpiece external diameter

Xn-workpiece overlap arc

Ha ^*-workpiece addendum coefficient

Mn ₁-workpiece normal module

D _g-workpiece reference diameter

2. the complete dark amount checking of cutting:

h＝(ha ^*+c ^*)·Mn ₁+(1～2)mm

In the formula: the complete dark amount of h-cutting

c ^*-workpiece tip clearance coefficient

3. hobboing cutter and workpiece modulus checking:

Mn ₀·cosα ₀＝Mn ₁·cosα ₁

In the formula: α ₁-workpiece normal pressure angle

α ₀-hobboing cutter normal pressure angle

Mn ₀-hobboing cutter normal module

4. hobboing cutter external diameter checking:

Da ₀≥d ₀+(ha ^*+c ^*)·Mn ₂

In the formula: Da ₀-hobboing cutter external diameter

d ₀-hobboing cutter reference diameter

5. centre distance checking:

$({\mathrm{Da}}_0+{\mathrm{Da}}_1)/2-h\&GreaterEqual;(\frac{Z_d{\&CenterDot;\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="Mn"\; filenames="A20061005423900181.png,A20061005423900192.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Mn</figure-callout>}}_0}{{\sin \mathrm{\&gamma;}}_0}+\frac{D_g\&CenterDot;\cos {\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_1}{{\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;}}_0})/2+\mathrm{Xn}{\&CenterDot;\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="Mn"\; filenames="A20061005423900171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Mn</figure-callout>}}_1$

In the formula: Z _d-hobboing cutter head number

The certificate parameter module is the singularity according to gear and Gear Processing, by program to gear must satisfactory restriction relation parameter verify, can guarantee the quality of generator program like this, prevent mistake input and wrong input, when checking is correct, carried out for (3) step and calculate; Otherwise prompting makes mistakes, and returns for (1) step and resets amended parameter.

(3) calculate

After (2) step card is correct, descend column count by program:

1. hobboing cutter corner γ calculates:

In the time of as if α, β in the same way

γ＝-(|α|-|β|)

As if α, when β is incorgruous

γ＝-(|α|+|β|)

In the formula: α-gear helical angle

β-hobboing cutter helix angle

2. 5 critical positions coordinate Calculation

Hobboing cutter at the track that adds man-hour as shown in Figure 1, wherein R is a tooth base radius, r is the hobboing cutter radius, h is the depth of cut, B is a transverse tooth thickness, H is the mold height.Order is a → b → c → d → e.Hobboing cutter is by starting point A (X ₀, Z ₀) rapid feed is to B (X ₁, Z ₁) position, rotating hobboing cutter and main shaft then, the worker enters Working position C (X ₂, Z ₂).When hobboing cutter is fed into D (X ₃, Z ₃) during the position, Gear Processing finishes, withdrawing is to point of safes E (X ₄, Z ₄), return starting point A (X then fast ₀, Z ₀), so far whole process finishes.

Obvious A (X ₀, Z ₀), B (X ₁, Z ₁), C (X ₂, Z ₂), D (X ₃, Z ₃) and E (X ₄, Z ₄) these 5 coordinate positions are extremely important in numerical control programming, because they not only are related to the safety of lathe and hobboing cutter, but also influence the precision of Gear Processing.Below we by analyzing the relation calculate between they and tooth base, hobboing cutter and the mold etc.Calculate the coordinate of above-mentioned 5 critical positions, at first set up tooth base coordinate system [O _g: X _g, Y _g, Z _g] and hobboing cutter coordinate system [O _d: X _d, Y _d, Z _d] (as shown in Figure 2), wherein Y _dBe the hobboing cutter axis, it becomes the γ angle with gear face; X _dX with the gear coordinate system _dO _dY _dPlane parallel.If the coordinate of tool coordinate initial point in the gear coordinate system is (L, 0, Z ₀), wherein L is the centre distance of hobboing cutter and tooth base, we just can draw so following transformational relation between tooth base coordinate system and the hobboing cutter coordinate system:

$\left[\begin{array}{c}{X}_g\\ Y_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="g\; Z\; g"\; filenames="A20061005423900171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">g</figure-callout>}}& \\ Z_g{}_{}\\ 1\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}-1& 0& 0& \mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="L"\; filenames="A20061005423900181.png,A20061005423900192.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}\\ 0& \cos \mathrm{\&gamma;}& \sin \mathrm{\&gamma;}& 0\\ 0& -\sin \mathrm{\&gamma;}& \cos \mathrm{\&gamma;}& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="Z"\; filenames="A20061005423900181.png,A20061005423900192.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Z</figure-callout>}}_0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{c}{X}_d\\ Y_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="d\; Z\; d"\; filenames="A20061005423900171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}}& \\ Z_d{}_{}\\ 1\end{array}\right]$

That is: X _g=L-X _d

Y _g＝Y _d·cosγ+Z _d·sinγ

Z _g＝-Y _d·sinγ+Z _d·cosγ+Z ₀

In order to improve the efficient of Gear Processing, need to determine that hobboing cutter begins and the distance, delta H between (as shown in Figure 6) hobboing cutter center and the tooth base end face during workpiece contact.Suppose that the F point begins the Contact Tooth base at first on the hobboing cutter, in the hobboing cutter coordinate system, its coordinate be (x, y, z).In workpiece coordinate system, its coordinate is (x ', y ', z '), and they have following relation:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{x}^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="z"\; filenames="A20061005423900171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}^2=r^2\\ x^{\&prime;2}+y^{\&prime;2}={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="R"\; filenames="A20061005423900171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}^2\\ \mathrm{\&Delta;H}=y\&CenterDot;\sin \mathrm{\&gamma;}+z\&CenterDot;\cos \mathrm{\&gamma;}\end{array}\right.$

According to above-mentioned coordinate transformation relation, can draw

$\mathrm{\&Delta;H}=\sqrt{r^2-x^2}(\cos \mathrm{\&gamma;}-\tan \mathrm{\&gamma;}\&CenterDot;\sin \mathrm{\&gamma;})+\sqrt{R^2-{(L-x)}^2}\&CenterDot;\tan ,x\&Element;(L-R,r)$

L=R+r-h wherein, when x got certain value in specialized range, Δ H obtained maximal value Δ H ' so, and this distance can avoid hobboing cutter and tooth base to bump in first being processed.

Calculate A (X below ₀, Z ₀), B (X ₁, Z ₁), C (X ₂, Z ₂), D (X ₃, Z ₃), E (X ₄, Z ₄) coordinate of these 5 critical positions (as shown in Figure 4):

1) starting point A (X ₀, Z ₀) can set a value according to the actual conditions of machine tool motion, be starting point A (X ₀, Z ₀) coordinate position;

2) B (X ₁, Z ₁) coordinate determines

X ₁Should get greater than the centre distance L of hobboing cutter and tooth base

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="X"\; filenames="A20061005423900171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">X</figure-callout>}}_1=R+r-h+\mathrm{\&Delta;x}+100\\ {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="Z"\; filenames="A20061005423900171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Z</figure-callout>}}_1=H+B+{\mathrm{\&Delta;H}}^{\&prime;}\end{array}\right.$

Δ x is the directions X correction in the formula

3) C (X ₂, Z ₂) coordinate determines

X ₂=L, promptly

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="X"\; filenames="A20061005423900171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">X</figure-callout>}}_2=R+r-h+\mathrm{\&Delta;x}\\ {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="Z"\; filenames="A20061005423900171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Z</figure-callout>}}_2=H+B+{\mathrm{\&Delta;H}}^{\&prime;}\end{array}\right.$

4) D (X ₃, Z ₃) coordinate determines

When processing, the position of hobboing cutter is for to be fed to Fig. 6 position by Fig. 4 position,

Z then ₃The position of point is defined as:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="X"\; filenames="A20061005423900171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">X</figure-callout>}}_3=R+r-h+\mathrm{\&Delta;x}\\ {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="Z"\; filenames="A20061005423900171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Z</figure-callout>}}_3=H-{\mathrm{\&Delta;H}}^{\&prime;}\end{array}\right.$

5) E (X ₄, Z ₄) coordinate determines

X during withdrawing ₄Should be greater than L,

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="X"\; filenames="A20061005423900181.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">X</figure-callout>}}_4=R+r-h+\mathrm{\&Delta;x}+5\\ {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="Z"\; filenames="A20061005423900181.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Z</figure-callout>}}_4=H-{\mathrm{\&Delta;H}}^{\&prime;}\end{array}\right.$

3. the hobboing cutter axial feed velocity calculates:

In gear hobbing processing, mainly contain following 4 kinds of motions:

1) the cutting movement N of hobboing cutter _t(r/min);

2) the dividing movement N of workpiece _i(r/min);

3) hobboing cutter axial feed motion V _f(mm/min);

4) the rotary feed campaign N of workpiece _f(r/min).

These movement velocitys are determined as follows:

Because what hobboing cutter and workpiece carried out is gear motion, so the relational expression of dividing movement and cutting movement:

N _i＝K _d·N _t/Z _d.............................①

In the formula: K _d-hobboing cutter head number

Z _d-workpiece the number of teeth

The relation of hobboing cutter axial feed motion and workpiece motion s is:

V _f＝f _a·N _w................................②

In the formula: f _a-workpiece revolution hobboing cutter axial feeding (mm/r)

N _w-workpiece actual speed (r/min)

The rotary feed campaign of workpiece is by the lead of helix and the hobboing cutter axial feed motion V of workpiece _fObtain:

N _f＝±V _f/P _z...............................③

Symbol in the formula: "+" number got in upmilling processing, the workpiece hand of spiral when identical with the hobboing cutter hand of spiral; Get when opposite "-" number;

"-" number got in climb cutting processing, workpiece when identical with the hobboing cutter hand of spiral; Get when opposite "+" number.

The lead of helix P of workpiece _zCalculate by following formula:

P _z＝M _n·π·Z _d/sinβ.........................④

In the formula: M _n-workpiece normal module

β-workpiece helix angle

The actual motion N of workpiece _wBe dividing movement N _fWith rotary feed campaign N _iAlgebraic sum, promptly

N _w＝N _i+N _f....................................⑤

With formula 1., 2., 3. in the substitution 5. the kinematic relation formula of hobboing cutter and workpiece:

N _w＝-K _d·N _t/[Z _d(1±f _a/P _z)]...................⑥

Again 6. formula is obtained the hobboing cutter axial feed velocity in the substitution 2.:

V _f＝f _a·N _w＝-f _a·K _d·N _t/[Z _d(1±f _a/P _z)]

Computing module is correct calculating required hobboing cutter corner γ, 5 coordinate position A (X in programming ₀, Z ₀), B (X ₁, Z ₁), C (X ₂, Z ₂), D (X ₃, Z ₃) and E (X ₄, Z ₄) and hobboing cutter axial feed velocity V _f

(4) generate the NC program

1. generate the NC program

The hobboing cutter corner γ, (3)-2. that determines according to (3)-1. step goes on foot 5 critical positions coordinate A (X that determine ₀, Z ₀), B (X ₁, Z ₁), C (X ₂, Z ₂), D (X ₃, Z ₃) and E (X ₄, Z ₄) and definite hobboing cutter speed of feed V of (3)-3. step _f, utilize digital control system, according to the format program of digital control system, in the generator program module, generate the NC program automatically;

2. save routine

After the NC program generates, select by operating personnel, when needs are preserved, enter (4)-3. again after earlier the NC program being preserved and go on foot display routine; When not needing to preserve, directly enter (4)-3. and go on foot display routine;

3. display routine

The NC program that generates is presented on the display screen of digital control system at last.

The generator program module is according to the result and the numerical control system code form of computing module output, writes complete Gear Processing NC code.Save routine as required can be seen at last the NC program of generation on the numerically-controlled machine display screen.Chain digital control gear hobbing machine adds work gear by the control of NC code.

After the present invention adopts technique scheme, can embed directly control processing on chain digital control gear hobbing machine in the digital control system, man-machine interface style with man-machine interface and numerically-controlled machine is consistent, so operating personnel are familiar and easy and simple to handle, and reduces operating personnel's vocational technology requirement and labour intensity; Shorten the production cycle, improve the utilization factor of chain digital control gear hobbing machine, the quality stability and the technical maturity of gear, thereby also can reduce the market competitiveness of cost and such chain digital control gear hobbing machine of lifting of product.The present invention can be widely used in processing all types of gears.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a program flow chart of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the hobbing process trajectory diagram;

Fig. 3 is hobboing cutter and tooth base coordinate diagram;

Fig. 4 has just added the position view in man-hour for hobboing cutter and tooth base;

The vertical view of Fig. 5 Fig. 4;

Position view when Fig. 6 has just machined for hobboing cutter and tooth base;

Fig. 7 is hobboing cutter and tooth base motion exploded view.

Among the figure: 1 is provided with parameter module, 2 certificate parameter modules, 3 computing modules, 4 generator program modules, 5 hobboing cutters, 6 tooth bases, 7 worktable.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment, further specify the present invention.

As Fig. 1-shown in Figure 7, keyboard, digital control system that present embodiment utilizes Siemens (SINUMERIK 840D) digital control system to carry, embed program of the present invention to SINUMERIK 840D numerical control software in conjunction with the exploitation of Siemens HMI-OEM development platform, generate Gear Processing NC code automatically by programmed control of the present invention.The zero programmed method of a kind of chain digital control gear hobbing machine processing simply connected spur gear wheel// feed mode of upmilling processing, its method step is as follows:

(1) parameter is set

In parameter module was set, the keyboard that utilizes digital control system to carry was provided with the following parameter of simply connected spur gear wheel:

1. the workpiece parameter is set

Have in being provided with: the distance parameter between workpiece external diameter, the workpiece number of teeth, normal module, normal pressure angle, gear width, helix angle, helix angle direction, overlap arc, addendum coefficient, tip clearance coefficient, workpiece external diameter correction, dedendum flank and the worktable;

2. cutter parameters is set

Have in being provided with: cutterhead number, cutter external diameter, normal module, lead angle, the hand of spiral, pressure angle, whether scurry cutter, scurry the cutter starting point, scurry the cutter terminal point, scurry the cutter amount at every turn, scurry cutter processing number of packages parameter at every turn;

3. machined parameters is set

Have in being provided with: the amount of feeding, depth of cut, hobboing cutter speed, cutting way, cut-in manner, feeding number of times parameter;

4. other parameter is set

Have in being provided with: cancellation synchronously, support arm, liquid coolant, chip removal, oil mist separator, anchor clamps parameter;

The man-machine interface that parameter module mainly provides system to accept desired parameters is set, and behind input parameter, control system is carried out assignment to these parameters automatically, is that (2) step card, the calculating of (3) step and (4) step coding lay the first stone.

(2) certificate parameter

Because the singularity of gear and gear hobbing processing is verified following parameter in the certificate parameter module by program:

1. workpiece external diameter checking:

Da ₁＝D _g+2(ha ^*+Xn)·Mn ₁-(1～2)mm

In the formula: Da ₁-workpiece external diameter

Xn-workpiece overlap arc

Ha ^*-workpiece addendum coefficient

Mn ₁-workpiece normal module

D _g-workpiece reference diameter

2. the complete dark amount checking of cutting:

h＝(ha ^*+c ^*)·Mn ₁+(1～2)mm

In the formula: the complete dark amount of h-cutting

c ^*-workpiece tip clearance coefficient

3. hobboing cutter and workpiece modulus checking:

Mn ₀·cosα ₀＝Mn ₁·cosα ₁

In the formula: α ₁-workpiece normal pressure angle

α ₀-hobboing cutter normal pressure angle

Mn ₀-hobboing cutter normal module

4. hobboing cutter external diameter checking:

Da ₀≥d ₀+(ha ^*+c ^*)·Mn ₂

In the formula: Da ₀-hobboing cutter external diameter

d ₀-hobboing cutter reference diameter

5. centre distance checking:

$({\mathrm{Da}}_0+{\mathrm{Da}}_1)/2-h\&GreaterEqual;(\frac{Z_d{\&CenterDot;\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="Mn"\; filenames="A20061005423900181.png,A20061005423900192.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Mn</figure-callout>}}_0}{{\sin \mathrm{\&gamma;}}_0}+\frac{D_g{\&CenterDot;\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;}}_1}{{\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;}}_0})/2+\mathrm{Xn}{\&CenterDot;\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="Mn"\; filenames="A20061005423900171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Mn</figure-callout>}}_1$

In the formula: Z _d-hobboing cutter head number

The certificate parameter module is the singularity according to gear and Gear Processing, by program to gear must satisfactory restriction relation parameter verify, can guarantee the quality of generator program like this, prevent mistake input and wrong input, when checking is correct, carried out for (3) step and calculate; Otherwise prompting makes mistakes, and returns for (1) step and resets amended parameter.

(3) calculate

After (2) step card is correct, descend column count by program:

1. hobboing cutter corner γ calculates:

In the time of as if α, β in the same way

γ＝-(|α|-|β|)

As if α, when β is incorgruous

γ＝-(|α|+|β|)

In the formula: α-gear helical angle

β-hobboing cutter helix angle

2. 5 critical positions coordinate Calculation

1) starting point A (X ₀, Z ₀) can set a value according to the actual conditions of machine tool motion, be starting point A (X ₀, Z ₀) coordinate position;

2) B (X ₁, Z ₁) coordinate determines

X ₁Should get greater than the centre distance L of hobboing cutter and tooth base

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="X"\; filenames="A20061005423900171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">X</figure-callout>}}_1=R+r-h+\mathrm{\&Delta;x}+100\\ {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="Z"\; filenames="A20061005423900171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Z</figure-callout>}}_1=H+B+{\mathrm{\&Delta;H}}^{\&prime;}\end{array}\right.$

Δ x is the directions X correction in the formula

3) C (X ₂, Z ₂) coordinate determines

X ₂=L, promptly

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="X"\; filenames="A20061005423900171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">X</figure-callout>}}_2=R+r-h+\mathrm{\&Delta;x}\\ {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="Z"\; filenames="A20061005423900171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Z</figure-callout>}}_2=H+B+{\mathrm{\&Delta;H}}^{\&prime;}\end{array}\right.$

4) D (X ₃, Z ₃) coordinate determines

When processing, the position of hobboing cutter is for to be fed to Fig. 6 position by Fig. 4 position,

Z then ₃The position of point is defined as:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="X"\; filenames="A20061005423900171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">X</figure-callout>}}_3=R+r-h+\mathrm{\&Delta;x}\\ {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="Z"\; filenames="A20061005423900171.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Z</figure-callout>}}_3=H-{\mathrm{\&Delta;H}}^{\&prime;}\end{array}\right.$

5) E (X ₄, Z ₄) coordinate determines

X during withdrawing ₄Should be greater than L,

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="X"\; filenames="A20061005423900181.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">X</figure-callout>}}_4=R+r-h+\mathrm{\&Delta;x}\\ {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="Z"\; filenames="A20061005423900181.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Z</figure-callout>}}_4=H-{\mathrm{\&Delta;H}}^{\&prime;}\end{array}\right.$

3. the hobboing cutter axial feed velocity calculates:

Because what hobboing cutter and workpiece carried out is gear motion, so the relational expression of dividing movement and cutting movement:

N _i＝K _d·N _t/Z _d...........................①

In the formula: K _d-hobboing cutter head number

Z _d-workpiece the number of teeth

The relation of hobboing cutter axial feed motion and workpiece motion s is:

V _f＝f _a·N _w..............................②

In the formula: f _a-workpiece revolution hobboing cutter axial feeding (mm/r)

N _w-workpiece actual speed (r/min)

The rotary feed campaign of workpiece is by the lead of helix and the hobboing cutter axial feed motion V of workpiece _fObtain:

N _f＝±V _f/P _z.............................③

When the processing spur gear, N _f=0.

The lead of helix P of workpiece _zCalculate by following formula:

P _z＝M _n·π·Z _d/sinβ....................④

In the formula: M _n-workpiece normal module

β-workpiece helix angle

The actual motion N of workpiece _wBe dividing movement N _fWith rotary feed campaign N _iAlgebraic sum, promptly

N _w＝N _i+N _f...............................⑤

With formula 1., 2. in the substitution 5. the kinematic relation formula of hobboing cutter and workpiece:

N _w＝-K _d·N _t/Z _d..........................⑥

Again 6. formula is obtained spur gear hobboing cutter axial feed velocity in the substitution 2.:

V _f＝f _a·N _w＝f _a·N _i＝f _a·K _d·N _t/Z _d

Computing module is correct calculating required hobboing cutter corner γ, 5 coordinate position A (X in programming ₀, Z ₀), B (X ₁, Z ₁), C (X ₂, Z ₂), D (X ₃, Z ₃) and E (X ₄, Z ₄) and hobboing cutter axial feed velocity V _f

(4) generate the NC program

1. generate the NC program

The hobboing cutter corner γ, (3)-2. that determines according to (3)-1. step goes on foot 5 critical positions coordinate A (X that determine ₀, Z ₀), B (X ₁, Z ₁), C (X ₂, Z ₂), D (X ₃, Z ₃) and E (X ₄, Z ₄) and definite hobboing cutter speed of feed V of (3)-3. step _f, utilize digital control system, according to the format program of digital control system, the NC program that generates automatically in the generator program module is as follows:

G00?G90?X ₁，Z ₁，Aγ

The IF support arm

M20

The IF anchor clamps

M10

The IF liquid coolant

M7

IF scurries cutter

R20=scurries the cutter reference position, and R21=scurries the cutter stop position, and R22=scurries the cutter amount at every turn, and what workpiece R23=processes and scurry cutter, and R24=scurries cutter

CUAN-DAO

R1=workpiece modulus, the R2=workpiece number of teeth, R3=workpiece helix angle, R4=hobboing cutter head number, R5=hobboing cutter lift angle EG-ON

M3 S _{Hobboing cutter}

G00?G90?X ₂

G01?G90?Z ₃

F?V _f

G00?G90?X ₄

M5

X ₀，Z ₀

IF cancels synchronously

EG-0FF

The IF support arm

M21

The IF anchor clamps

M11

The IF liquid coolant

M9

M2

2. save routine

After the NC program generates, select to preserve by operating personnel, enter (4)-3. again after earlier the NC program being preserved and go on foot display routine;

3. display routine

The NC program that generates is presented on the display screen of digital control system at last.

Chain digital control gear hobbing machine adopts/feed mode processing of upmilling processing simply connected spur gear wheel by the NC code.

Claims (2)

1, a kind of zero programmed method of chain digital control gear hobbing machine processing, keyboard, the digital control system of utilizing digital control system to carry is characterized in that method step is as follows:

(1) parameter is set

In parameter module was set, the keyboard that utilizes digital control system to carry was provided with the following parameter that adds work gear:

1. the workpiece parameter is set

Have in being provided with: the distance parameter between workpiece external diameter, the workpiece number of teeth, normal module, normal pressure angle, gear width, helix angle, helix angle direction, overlap arc, addendum coefficient, tip clearance coefficient, workpiece external diameter correction, dedendum flank and the worktable;

2. cutter parameters is set

Have in being provided with: cutterhead number, cutter external diameter, normal module, lead angle, the hand of spiral, pressure angle, whether scurry cutter, scurry the cutter starting point, scurry the cutter terminal point, scurry the cutter amount at every turn, scurry cutter processing number of packages parameter at every turn;

3. machined parameters is set

Have in being provided with: the amount of feeding, depth of cut, hobboing cutter speed, cutting way, cut-in manner, feeding number of times parameter;

4. other parameter is set

Have in being provided with: cancellation synchronously, support arm, liquid coolant, chip removal, oil mist separator, anchor clamps parameter;

(2) certificate parameter

Because the singularity of gear and gear hobbing processing is verified following parameter in the certificate parameter module by program:

1. workpiece external diameter checking:

Da ₁＝D _g+2(ha ^*+Xn)·Mn ₁-(1～2)mm

In the formula: Da ₁-workpiece external diameter

Xn-workpiece overlap arc

Ha ^*-workpiece addendum coefficient

Mn ₁-workpiece normal module

D _g-workpiece reference diameter

2. the complete dark amount checking of cutting:

h＝(ha ^*+c ^*)·Mn ₁+(1～2)mm

In the formula: the complete dark amount of h-cutting

c ^*-workpiece tip clearance coefficient

3. hobboing cutter and workpiece modulus checking:

Mn ₀·cosα ₀＝Mn ₁·cosα ₁

In the formula: α ₁-workpiece normal pressure angle

α ₀-hobboing cutter normal pressure angle

Mn ₀-hobboing cutter normal module

4. hobboing cutter external diameter checking:

Da ₀≥d ₀+(ha ^*+c ^*)·Mn ₂

In the formula: Da ₀-hobboing cutter external diameter

d ₀-hobboing cutter reference diameter

5. centre distance checking:

$({\mathrm{Da}}_0+{\mathrm{Da}}_1)/2-h\&GreaterEqual;(\frac{Z_d\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{Mn}}_0}{\sin {\mathrm{\&gamma;}}_0}+\frac{D_g\&CenterDot;{\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;}}_1}{{\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;}}_0})/2+\mathrm{Xn}\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{Mn}}_1$

In the formula: Z _d-hobboing cutter head number

When checking is correct, carried out for (3) step and calculate; Otherwise prompting makes mistakes, and returns for (1) step and resets amended parameter;

(3) calculate

After (2) step card is correct, descend column count by program:

1. hobboing cutter corner γ calculates:

In the time of as if α, β in the same way

γ＝-(|α|-|β|)

As if α, when β is incorgruous

γ＝-(|α|+|β|)

In the formula: α-gear helical angle

β-hobboing cutter helix angle

2. 5 critical positions coordinate Calculation

1) starting point A (X ₀, Z ₀) can set a value according to the actual conditions of machine tool motion, be starting point A (X ₀, Z ₀) coordinate position;

2) B (X ₁, Z ₁) coordinate determines

X ₁Should get greater than the centre distance L of hobboing cutter and tooth base

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{X}_1=R+r-h+\mathrm{\&Delta;x}+100\\ Z_1=H+B+{\mathrm{\&Delta;H}}^{\&prime;}\end{array}\right.$

Δ x is the directions X correction in the formula

3) C (X ₂, Z ₂) coordinate determines

X ₂=L, promptly

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{X}_2=R+r-h+\mathrm{\&Delta;x}\\ Z_2=H+B+{\mathrm{\&Delta;H}}^{\&prime;}\end{array}\right.$

4) D (X ₃, Z ₃) coordinate determines

When processing, the position of hobboing cutter is for to be fed to Fig. 6 position by Fig. 4 position,

Z then ₃The position of point is defined as:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{X}_3=R+r-h+\mathrm{\&Delta;x}\\ Z_3=H-{\mathrm{\&Delta;H}}^{\&prime;}\end{array}\right.$

5) E (X ₄, Z ₄) coordinate determines

X during withdrawing ₄Should be greater than L,

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{X}_4=R+r-h+\mathrm{\&Delta;x}+5\\ Z_4=H-{\mathrm{\&Delta;H}}^{\&prime;}\end{array}\right.$

3. the hobboing cutter axial feed velocity calculates:

Because what hobboing cutter and workpiece carried out is gear motion, so the relational expression of dividing movement and cutting movement:

N _i＝K _d·N _t/Z _d...........................①

In the formula: K _d-hobboing cutter head number

Z _d-workpiece the number of teeth

The relation of hobboing cutter axial feed motion and workpiece motion s is:

V _f＝f _a·N _w..............................②

In the formula: f _a-workpiece revolution hobboing cutter axial feeding (mm/r)

N _w-workpiece actual speed (r/min)

The rotary feed campaign of workpiece is by the lead of helix and the hobboing cutter axial feed motion V of workpiece _fObtain:

N _f＝±V _f/P _z.............................③

Symbol in the formula: "+" number got in upmilling processing, the workpiece hand of spiral when identical with the hobboing cutter hand of spiral; Get when opposite "-" number;

"-" number got in climb cutting processing, workpiece when identical with the hobboing cutter hand of spiral; Get when opposite "+" number.

The lead of helix P of workpiece _zCalculate by following formula:

P _z＝M _n·π·Z _d/sinβ.........................④

In the formula: M _n-workpiece normal module

β-workpiece helix angle

The actual motion N of workpiece _wBe dividing movement N _fWith rotary feed campaign N _iAlgebraic sum, promptly

N _w＝N _i+N _f....................................⑤

With formula 1., 2., 3. in the substitution 5. the kinematic relation formula of hobboing cutter and workpiece:

N _w＝-K _d·N _t/[Z _d(1±f _a/P _z)]...................⑥

Again 6. formula is obtained the hobboing cutter axial feed velocity in the substitution 2.:

V _f＝f _a·N _w＝-f _a·K _d·N _t/[Z _d(1±f _a/P _z)]

(4) generate the NC program

1. generate the NC program

The hobboing cutter corner γ, (3)-2. that determines according to (3)-1. step goes on foot 5 critical positions coordinate A (X that determine ₀, Z ₀), B (X ₁, Z ₁), C (X ₂, Z ₂), D (X ₃, Z ₃) and E (X ₄, Z ₄) and definite hobboing cutter speed of feed V of (3)-3. step _f, utilize digital control system, according to the format program of digital control system, in the generator program module, generate the NC program automatically;

2. save routine

After the NC program generates, select by operating personnel, when needs are preserved, enter (4)-3. again after earlier the NC program being preserved and go on foot display routine; When not needing to preserve, directly enter (4)-3. and go on foot display routine;

3. display routine

The NC program that generates is presented on the display screen of digital control system at last.

2, the zero programmed method of processing according to the described chain digital control gear hobbing machine of claim 1, the zero programmed method that it is characterized in that a kind of chain digital control gear hobbing machine processing simply connected cylindrical gear// feed mode of upmilling processing, keyboard, the digital control system of utilizing SINUMERIK 840D digital control system to carry, embed program of the present invention to the SINUMERIK840D numerical control software in conjunction with the exploitation of Siemens HMI-OEM development platform, its method step is as follows:

(1) parameter is set

In parameter module was set, the keyboard that utilizes digital control system to carry was provided with the following parameter of processing the simply connected spur gear wheel:

1. the workpiece parameter is set

Have in being provided with: the distance parameter between workpiece external diameter, the workpiece number of teeth, normal module, normal pressure angle, gear width, helix angle, helix angle direction, overlap arc, addendum coefficient, tip clearance coefficient, workpiece external diameter correction, dedendum flank and the worktable;

2. cutter parameters is set

Have in being provided with: cutterhead number, cutter external diameter, normal module, lead angle, the hand of spiral, pressure angle, whether scurry cutter, scurry the cutter starting point, scurry the cutter terminal point, scurry the cutter amount at every turn, scurry cutter processing number of packages parameter at every turn;

3. machined parameters is set

Have in being provided with: the amount of feeding, depth of cut, hobboing cutter speed, cutting way, cut-in manner, feeding number of times parameter;

4. other parameter is set

Have in being provided with: cancellation synchronously, support arm, liquid coolant, chip removal, oil mist separator, anchor clamps parameter;

(2) certificate parameter

Because the singularity of gear and gear hobbing processing is verified following parameter in the certificate parameter module by program:

1. workpiece external diameter checking:

Da ₁＝D _g+2(ha ^*+Xn)·Mn ₁-(1～2)mm

In the formula: Da ₁-workpiece external diameter

Xn-workpiece overlap arc

Ha ^*-workpiece addendum coefficient

Mn ₁-workpiece normal module

D _g-workpiece reference diameter

2. the complete dark amount checking of cutting:

h＝(ha ^*+c ^*)·Mn ₁+(1～2)mm

In the formula: the complete dark amount of h-cutting

c ^*-workpiece tip clearance coefficient

3. hobboing cutter and workpiece modulus checking:

Mn ₀·cosα ₀＝Mn ₁·cosα ₁

In the formula: α ₁-workpiece normal pressure angle

α ₀-hobboing cutter normal pressure angle

Mn ₀-hobboing cutter normal module

4. hobboing cutter external diameter checking:

Da ₀≥d ₀+(ha ^*+c ^*)·Mn ₂

In the formula: Da ₀-hobboing cutter external diameter

d ₀-hobboing cutter reference diameter

5. centre distance checking:

$({\mathrm{Da}}_0+{\mathrm{Da}}_1)/2-h\&GreaterEqual;(\frac{Z_d\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{Mn}}_0}{\sin {\mathrm{\&gamma;}}_0}+\frac{D_g\&CenterDot;{\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;}}_1}{{\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;}}_0})/2+\mathrm{Xn}\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{Mn}}_1$

In the formula: Z _d-hobboing cutter head number

When checking is correct, carried out for (3) step and calculate; Otherwise prompting makes mistakes, and returns heavy parent of (1) step amended parameter is set.

(3) calculate

After (2) step card is correct, descend column count by program:

1. hobboing cutter corner γ calculates:

In the time of as if α, β in the same way

γ＝-(|α|-|β|)

As if α, when β is incorgruous

γ＝-(|α|+|β|)

In the formula: α-gear helical angle

β-hobboing cutter helix angle

2. 5 critical positions coordinate Calculation

1) starting point A (X ₀, Z ₀) can set a value according to the actual conditions of machine tool motion, be starting point A (X ₀, Z ₀) coordinate position;

2) B (X ₁, Z ₁) coordinate determines

X ₁Should get greater than the centre distance L of hobboing cutter and tooth base

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{X}_1=R+r-h+\mathrm{\&Delta;x}+100\\ Z_1=H+B+{\mathrm{\&Delta;H}}^{\&prime;}\end{array}\right.$

Δ x is the directions X correction in the formula

3) C (X ₂, Z ₂) coordinate determines

X ₂=L, promptly

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{X}_2=R+r-h+\mathrm{\&Delta;x}\\ Z_2=H+B+{\mathrm{\&Delta;H}}^{\&prime;}\end{array}\right.$

4) D (X ₃, Z ₃) coordinate determines

When processing, the position of hobboing cutter is for to be fed to Fig. 6 position by Fig. 4 position,

Z then ₃The position of point is defined as:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{X}_3=R+r-h+\mathrm{\&Delta;x}\\ Z_3=H-{\mathrm{\&Delta;H}}^{\&prime;}\end{array}\right.$

5) E (X ₄, Z ₄) coordinate determines

X during withdrawing ₄Should be greater than L,

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{X}_4=R+r-h+\mathrm{\&Delta;x}+5\\ Z_4=H-{\mathrm{\&Delta;H}}^{\&prime;}\end{array}\right.$

3. the hobboing cutter axial feed velocity calculates:

Because what hobboing cutter and workpiece carried out is gear motion, so the relational expression of dividing movement and cutting movement:

N _i＝K _d·N _t/Z _d..............................①

In the formula: K _d-hobboing cutter head number

Z _d-workpiece the number of teeth

The relation of hobboing cutter axial feed motion and workpiece motion s is:

V _f＝f _a·N _w.................................②

In the formula: f _a-workpiece revolution hobboing cutter axial feeding (mm/r)

N _w-workpiece actual speed (r/min)

The rotary feed campaign of workpiece is by the lead of helix and the hobboing cutter axial feed motion V of workpiece _fObtain:

N _f＝±V _f/P _z................................③

When the processing spur gear, N _f=0.

The lead of helix P of workpiece _zCalculate by following formula:

P _z＝M _n·π·Z _d/sinβ.......................④

In the formula: M _n-workpiece normal module

β-workpiece helix angle

The actual motion N of workpiece _wBe dividing movement N _fWith rotary feed campaign N _iAlgebraic sum, promptly

N _w＝N _i+N _f.................................⑤

With formula 1., 2. in the substitution 5. the kinematic relation formula of hobboing cutter and workpiece:

N _w＝-K _d·N _t/Z _d............................⑥

Again 6. formula is obtained spur gear hobboing cutter axial feed velocity in the substitution 2.:

V _f＝f _a·N _w＝f _a·N _i＝f _a·K _d·N _t/Z _d

(4) generate the NC program

1. generate the NC program

The hobboing cutter corner γ, (3)-2. that determines according to (3)-1. step goes on foot 5 critical positions coordinate A (X that determine ₀, Z ₀), B (X ₁, Z ₁), C (X ₂, Z ₂), D (X ₃, Z ₃) and E (X ₄, Z ₄) and definite hobboing cutter speed of feed V of (3)-3. step _f, utilize digital control system, according to the format program of digital control system, the NC program that generates automatically in the generator program module is as follows:

G00?G90?X ₁，Z ₁，Aγ

The IF support arm

M20

The IF anchor clamps

M10

The IF liquid coolant

M7

IF scurries cutter

R20=scurries the cutter reference position, and R21=scurries the cutter stop position, and R22=scurries the cutter amount at every turn, and what workpiece R23=processes and scurry cutter, and R24=scurries cutter

CUAN-DAO

R1=workpiece modulus, the R2=workpiece number of teeth, R3=workpiece helix angle, R4=hobboing cutter head number, R5=hobboing cutter lift angle

EG-ON

M3 S _{Hobboing cutter}

G00?G90?X ₂

G01?G90?Z ₃

F?V _f

G00?G90?X ₄

M5

X ₀，Z ₀

IF cancels synchronously

EG-OFF

The IF support arm

M21

The IF anchor clamps

M11

The IF liquid coolant

M9

M2

2. save routine

After the NC program generates, select to preserve by operating personnel, enter (4)-3. again after earlier the NC program being preserved and go on foot display routine;

3. display routine

The NC program that generates is presented on the display screen of digital control system at last.

Images