CN1829507A - 酪氨酸激酶抑制剂 - Google Patents
酪氨酸激酶抑制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1829507A CN1829507A CNA2004800214486A CN200480021448A CN1829507A CN 1829507 A CN1829507 A CN 1829507A CN A2004800214486 A CNA2004800214486 A CN A2004800214486A CN 200480021448 A CN200480021448 A CN 200480021448A CN 1829507 A CN1829507 A CN 1829507A
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- ethyl
- formoxyl
- pyrroles
- carboxylic acid
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Abstract
本发明涉及能够抑制、调制和/或调节受体型和非受体型两种酪氨酸激酶的信号传导的方法。本发明的化合物具有含有取代吡咯部分的核心结构。本发明还涉及这些化合物的药学可接受盐、水合物和立体异构体。
Description
发明背景
蛋白激酶(PKs)是催化蛋白质的酪氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸残基上羟基的磷酸化作用的酶。这种看似简单的活性的重要性是非常巨大的,细胞生长、分化和增殖,即事实上是细胞生命的所有方面,以一种方式或另一种方式取决于PK活性。此外,异常PK活性已经涉及疾病的宿主,疾病的范围是从相对无生命威胁的疾病例如牛皮癣直至非常致命的疾病例如噁性胶质瘤(脑癌)。PKs可以分为两类,蛋白质酪氨酸激酶(PTKs)和丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶(STKs)。
某些具有PK活性的生长因子受体称作受体酪氨酸激酶(RTKs)。它们包括一个大家族的具有不同生物活性的跨膜受体。目前,已经鉴定出至少十九种(19)不同的亚族RTKs。一种RTK亚族含有胰岛素受体(IR),胰岛素样生长因子I受体(IGF-1R)和胰岛素受体有关的受体(IRR)。IR和IGF-1R与胰岛素相互作用激活一种异源四聚体,该异源四具体由两个完全细胞外葡基化α亚基和两个β亚基组成,它们跨越细胞膜且含有酪氨酸激酶结构域。胰岛素样生长因子-I受体(IGF-1R)和其配体,IGF-1和IGF-2,异常地表达在许多肿瘤内,包括,但不限于,乳腺,前列腺,甲状腺,肺,肝细胞,结肠,脑,神经内分泌和其他。
已知RTK亚族的更加完全的目录由Plowman等公开在KN & P,1994,7(6):334-339中,其在此引入作为参考,如果在此提及,包括所有附图。
除了RTKs以外,还存在一个家族的完全细胞内PTKs,称作″非受体酪氨酸激酶″或″细胞酪氨酸激酶″。本文使用后一命名,其缩写为″CTK″。CTKs不含有细胞外和跨膜结构域。目前,已经鉴定出约24种11个亚族的CTKs(Src,Frk,Btk,Csk,Abl,Zap70,Fes,Fps,Fak,Jak和Ack)。Src亚族似乎是CTKs的最大组且包括Src,Yes,Fyn,Lyn,Lck,Blk,Hck,Fgr和Yrk。有关CTKs的更加详细的讨论参见Bolen,Oncogene,1993,8:2025-2031,其在此引入作为参考,包括附图,如果在此提及的话。
RTKs,CTKs和STKs均参与病症的宿主中,包括严重的癌症。其他与PTKs有关的病症包括,但不限于,牛皮癣,肝硬变,糖尿病,动脉粥样硬化,血管生成,再狭窄,眼科疾病,类风湿性关节炎和其他炎性疾病,自身免疫性疾病和多种肾病。
发明概述
本发明涉及能够抑制、调制和/或调节受体型和非受体型酪氨酸激酶两者的信号传导的化合物。本发明的化合物具有一种核心结构,其含有取代吡咯部分。本发明还涉及这些化合物的药学可接受盐和立体异构体。
发明详述
本发明的化合物有效抑制激酶并且表示为式I的化合物:
其中
R1选自1)取代或未取代C1-C10烷基,2)取代或未取代芳基,3)取代或未取代杂环基,和4)取代或未取代C3-C10环烷基;
R2选自1)卤素,2)取代或未取代C1-C10烷基,3)取代或未取代C2-C10链炔基,4)取代或未取代苯基,和5)取代或未取代杂环基选自吡啶基,苯并呋喃基,异噁唑基,呋喃基,吡咯基,和噻吩基;该烷基,链炔基,苯基和杂环基任选地被一个或多个R3取代;
R3独立地选自1)卤素,2)-OR4,3)取代或未取代C1-C10烷基,4)取代或未取代C3-C10环烷基,5)取代或未取代芳基,6)取代或未取代芳烷基,7)取代或未取代杂环基,8)-C(O)R4,9)-C(O)OR4,10)-CN,和11)-NO2;
R4独立地选自1)氢,2)取代或未取代C1-C10烷基,3)取代或未取代C2-C10链烯基,4)取代或未取代C2-C10链炔基,5)取代或未取代芳基,和6)取代或未取代杂环基;或其药学可接受盐或立体异构体。
本发明的第二实施方式是式I的化合物,或其药学可接受盐或立体异构体,如上所述,其中
R1是代或未取代C1-C6烷基;
R2选自1)卤素,2)取代或未取代C2-C10链炔基,3)取代或未取代苯基,和4)取代或未取代杂环基选自吡啶基,苯并呋喃基,异噁唑基,呋喃基,吡咯基,和噻吩基;该链炔基,苯基和杂环基任选地被一个或多个R3取代;
和所有其他取代基和可变部分定义如上。
本发明的第三实施方式是式I的化合物,或其药学可接受盐或立体异构体,如上所述,其中
R2是卤素;
和所有其他取代基和可变部分定义如上。
本发明的化合物的实例包括
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-碘-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(吡啶-2-基乙炔基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(6-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
4-(1-苯并呋喃-2-基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
4-(3,5-二甲基异噁唑-4-基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
4-(4-氟苯基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
4-(4-氯苯基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(5-甲酰基-2-呋喃基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-苯基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
4′-乙基-2′-甲酰基-1H,1′H-2,3′-联吡咯-1,5′-二羧酸二(叔丁酯);
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(2-甲酰基噻吩-3-基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
4-(4-氰基苯基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-甲基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸乙酯;
3,4-二乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸乙酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(4-硝基苯基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-[4-(甲氧基羰基)苯基]-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
4-(2-氰基苯基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
4-(3-氰基苯基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
4-(3-氯苯基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
4-(2,6-二氟苯基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(4-甲基苯基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(3-甲基苯基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基4-(2-甲基苯基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-噻吩-3-基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基4-噻吩-2-基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(3-甲氧基苯基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(2-甲氧基苯基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
或其药学可接受盐或立体异构体。
本发明化合物的具体实例包括
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-碘-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-苯基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(2-甲酰基噻吩-3-基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
4-(2-氰基苯基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
4-(2,6-二氟苯基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
或其药学可接受盐或立体异构体。
本发明的化合物可以具有不对称中心、手性轴和手性平面(如E.L.Eliel和S.H.Wilen,Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds,John Wiley& Sons,New York,1994,pages 1119-1190所述),并且存在外消旋体、外消旋混和物,和单独的非对映异构体,以及其所有可能的异构体和混和物,包括光学异构体,均属于本发明。此外,本文公开的化合物可以存在互变异构体,并且即使仅描绘或命名了一种互变异构结构,两种互变异构体均术语本发明的范围内,。
当任何可变部分(例如芳基、杂环、R4、Ra等)在任何取代基中出现不止一次时,在各种情况中其定义彼此独立。另外,取代基和可变部分的组合只有在该组合得到稳定化合物的条件下才允许。
应理解,本发明化合物的取代基和取代方式可以由本领域普通技术人员选择,从而得到化学上稳定的化合物,并且这些化合物可以很容易通过本领域已知技术,以及下列所述的方法,从容易获得的起始原料来合成。
本文使用的,″烷基″是指具有特定数目碳原子的支链和直链两种脂肪烃基。例如,C1-C10,在″C1-C10烷基″中被定义为包括在直链或支链排列中具有1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10个碳。例如,″C1-C10烷基″特别包括甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,丁基,叔丁基,戊基,己基,庚基,辛基,壬基,癸基等。
本文使用的“环烷基”是包括具有特定数目的碳原子的非芳族环状烃基,它可以是或可以不是桥式的或结构受约束的。此类环烷基的实例包括,但不限于,环丙基,环丁基,环戊基,环己基,金刚烷基,环辛基,环庚基,四氢萘,亚甲基环己基等。本文使用的,″C3-C10环烷基″的实例可以包括,但不限于:
如果没有规定碳原子的数目,术语″链烯基″是指直链、支链或环状的含有2-10个碳原子和至少一个碳-碳双键的非芳族烃基。优选存在1个碳-碳双键,并且最多可存在4个非芳族碳-胺双键。所以,″C2-C6链烯基″是指具有2-6个碳原子的链烯基。链烯基包括乙烯基,丙烯基,丁烯基和环己烯基。如上所述对于烷基而言,链烯基的直链、支链或环状部分可以含有双键,并且如果显示为取代链烯基则可以被取代。
术语″链炔基″是指含有2-10个碳原子和至少一个碳-碳叁键的直链、支链或环状的烃基。至多可以存在三个碳-碳叁键。所以,″C2-C6链炔基″是指具有2-6个碳原子的链炔基。链炔基包括乙炔基,丙炔基和丁炔基。链炔基的直链、支链或环状部分可以含有叁键,并且如果显示为取代链炔基时则表示可被取代。如上所述对于烷基而言,链炔基的的直链、支链或环状部分可以含有叁键,并且如果显示为取代链炔基则可以被取代。
在此使用的″芳基″是指各环内至多含7个原子的任何稳定单环或双环碳环,其中至少一个环是芳香性的。此类芳基单元的实例包括,但不限于,苯基,萘基,二氢茚基,二氢茚酮基,茚基,联苯基,萘满基,四氢萘酮基,芴基,菲基,蒽基,苊基(ace萘基),四氢萘基等。在其中芳基取代基是双环且一个环是非芳香性的情况中,理解为经该芳环连接。
本领域技术人员理解,在此使用的″卤代″或″卤素″包括氯,氟,溴和碘。
在此使用的术语杂芳基代表各环内至多7个原子的稳定单环或双环,其中至少一个环是芳族和含有1-4个选自O、N和S的杂原子。在此定义内的杂芳基包括但不限于:吖啶基,咔唑基,噌啉基,喹喔啉基,吡唑基,吲哚基,苯并咪唑基,苯并二氧杂环戊烯基,苯并三唑基,苯并硫代呋喃基,苯并噻唑基,呋喃基,噻吩基,苯并噻吩基,苯并呋喃基,苯并喹啉基,咪唑基,异喹啉基,噁唑基,异噁唑基,吲哚基,吡嗪基,哒嗪基,吡啶基,嘧啶基,吡咯基,四氢萘基,四氢喹啉等。
在此使用的术语杂环或杂环状或杂环基代表饱和或不饱和的5-至7-员单环或者稳定的8-至11-员双环杂环,并且其含有1-4个选自O、N和S的杂原子,并且包括其中任何上述杂环环于苯环稠合的双环基团。″杂环″或″杂环基″包括上述提及的杂芳基,以及其二氢和四氢类似物。″杂环基″的其他实例包括,但不限于下列:氮杂环庚烷基,氮杂环丁烷基,苯并咪唑基,苯并氧杂环戊烯基,苯并呋喃基,苯并呋咱基,苯并吡喃基,苯并吡唑基,苯并三唑基,苯并噻唑基,苯并噻吩基,苯并硫代呋喃基,苯并苯硫基,苯并噻喃基,苯并氧杂氮杂环庚三烯基,苯并噁唑基,咔唑基,carbolinyl,色满基,噌啉基,二氮杂环庚烷基,diazapinonyl,二氢苯并呋喃基,二氢苯并呋喃基,二氢苯并咪唑基,二氢苯并噻吩基,二氢苯并噻喃基,二氢苯并噻喃基砜,二氢苯并苯硫基,二氢苯并噁唑基,二氢环戊烷基吡啶基,二氢呋喃基,二氢咪唑基,二氢吲哚基,二氢异噁唑基,二氢异喹啉基,二氢而且一噻唑基,二氢噁二唑基,二氢噁唑基,二氢吡嗪基,二氢吡唑基,二氢吡啶基,二氢咪唑基,二氢吡咯基,二氢喹啉基,二氢四唑基,二氢噻二唑基,二氢噻唑基,二氢噻吩基,二氢三唑基,二氢氮杂环丁烷烯基,二噁烷基,二氧化四氢噻吩基,二氧化硫代吗啉基,呋喃基(furyl),呋喃基(furanyl),咪唑基,咪唑基,咪唑啉基,咪唑烷基,咪唑并三唑基,咪唑并吡啶基,吲唑基,indolazinyl,吲哚啉基,吲哚基,异苯并呋喃基,异色满基,异吲哚基,异吲哚啉基,异喹啉酮基,异喹啉基,异噻唑基,异噻唑烷基,异噁唑啉基,异噁唑基,亚甲基二氧基苯甲酰基,吗啉基,萘吡啶基,噁二唑基,噁唑基,噁唑啉基,氧杂环丁烷基,氧代氮杂环庚三烯基,噁二唑基,氧化硫代吗啉基(oxidothio吗啉基),氧代二氢酞嗪基,氧代二氢吲哚基,氧代咪唑烷基,氧代哌嗪基,氧代哌啶基,氧代吡咯基烷基,氧代嘧啶基,氧代吡咯基,氧代三唑基,哌啶基,哌嗪基,吡喃基,吡嗪基,吡唑基,哒嗪基,吡啶酮基,吡啶并吡啶基,哒嗪基,吡啶基,嘧啶基,吡咯基,吡咯基烷基,喹唑啉基,喹啉基(喹啉基),喹啉基(quinolyl),喹啉酮基,喹喔啉基,四氢环庚吡啶基,四氢呋喃基,四氢呋喃基,四氢异喹啉基,四氢吡喃基,四氢喹啉基,四唑基,四唑并吡啶基,噻二唑基,噻唑基,噻唑啉基,噻吩并呋喃基,噻吩基,硫代吗啉基,三唑基,氮杂环丁烷基,1,4-二噁烷基,六氢氮杂环庚三烯基等。
在本发明的实施方式中,杂环选自氧代氮杂环庚三烯基,苯并咪唑基,二氮杂环庚烷基,二氮杂pinonyl,咪唑基,氧代咪唑烷基,吲哚基,异喹啉基,吗啉基,哌啶基,哌嗪基,吡啶基,吡咯烷基,氧代哌啶基,氧代嘧啶基,氧代吡咯烷基,喹啉基,四氢呋喃基,四氢呋喃基,四氢异喹啉基,噻吩基,呋喃基,呋喃基,吡嗪基,苯并呋喃基,异噁唑基,吡咯基,三唑基,苯并噻吩基,二氢异喹啉基,氮杂环庚烷基,硫代吗啉基,二噁烷基,二氧化四氢噻吩基,咪唑并噻唑基,苯并噻唑基和三唑基。在本发明的另一实施方式中,杂环选自苯并呋喃基,噻吩基,吡咯基,异噁唑基,呋喃基,和吡啶基。
本文所用的″芳烷基″是指定义如上的经C1-C10烷基连接基相连的芳基部分,其中烷基定义如上。芳烷基的实例包括,但不限于,苄基,萘基甲基和苯基丙基。
本文使用的,″杂环基烷基″是指定义如下的经C1-C10烷基连接基相连的杂环部分,其中烷基定义如上。杂环基烷基的实例包括,但不限于,吡啶基甲基,咪唑基乙基,吡咯烷基甲基,吗啉基乙基,喹啉基甲基,咪唑基丙基等。
本文使用的,术语″取代C1-C10烷基″是指具有特定数目碳原子的支链或直链烷基,其中碳原子可以被1-3个取代基取代,所述的取代基选自包括,但不限于,卤素,C1-C20烷基,CF3,NH2,N(C1-C6烷基)2,NO2,氧代,CN,N3,-OH,-O(C1-C6烷基),C3-C10环烷基,C2-C6链烯基,C2-C6链炔基,(C0-C6烷基)S(O)0-2-,(C0-C6烷基)S(O)0-2(C0-C6烷基)-,(C0-C6烷基)C(O)NH-,H2N-C(NH)-,-O(C1-C6烷基)CF3,(C0-C6烷基)C(O)-,(C0-C6烷基)OC(O)-,(C0-C6烷基)O(C1-C6烷基)-,(C0-C6烷基)C1-2(C0-C6烷基)-,(C0-C6烷基)OC(O)NH-,芳基,芳烷基,杂环,杂环基烷基,卤代-芳基,卤代-芳烷基,卤代-杂环,卤代-杂环基烷基,氰基-芳基,氰基-芳烷基,氰基-杂环和氰基-杂环基烷基。
本文使用的,术语″取代C3-C10环烷基″、″取代芳基″和″取代杂环基″包括除于该化合物其余部分连接的位点以外还具有1-3个取代基的环状基团。优选地,所述的取代基选自包括,但不限于,卤素,C1-C20烷基,CF3,NH2,N(C1-C6烷基)2,NO2,氧代,CN,N3,-OH,-O(C1-C6烷基),C3-C10环烷基,C2-C6链烯基,C2-C6链炔基,(C0-C6烷基)S(O)0-2-,(C0-C6烷基)S(O)0-2(C0-C6烷基)-,(C0-C6烷基)C(O)NH-,H2N-C(NH)-,-O(C1-C6烷基)CF3,(C0-C烷基)C(O)-,(C0-C6烷基)OC(O)-,(C0-C6烷基)O(C1-C6烷基)-,(C0-C6烷基)C(O)1-2(C0-C6烷基)-,(C0-C6烷基)OC(O)NH-,芳基,芳烷基,杂芳基,杂环基烷基,卤代-芳基,卤代-芳烷基,卤代-杂环,卤代-杂环基烷基,氰基-芳基,氰基-芳烷基,氰基-杂环和氰基-杂环基烷基。
本文使用的短语″被至少一个取代基取代″是指所述的被取代基团具有1-6个取代基。优选地,除于该化合物其他部分相连的位点以外,所述被取代基团还含有1-3个取代基。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,R1是取代或未取代C1-C6烷基。在本发明的另一实施方式中,R1是乙基或叔丁基。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,R2是卤素,取代或未取代苯基,或取代或未取代杂环基,选自吡啶基,苯并呋喃基,异噁唑基,呋喃基,吡咯基,和噻吩基。在本发明的另一实施方式中,R2是卤素或取代或未取代C2-C10链炔基。在本发明的另一实施方式中,R2是卤素。
任何取代基或可变部分(例如,R4,Ra,n等)在分子内特定位置上的定义独立于其在分子内其他位置上的定义。所以,-N(R4)2表示-NHH,-NHCH3,-NHC2H5等。应理解本发明化合物上的取代基和取代方式可以由本领域普通技术人员来选择以得到化学上稳定的化合物且可以很容易通过本领域已知的技术、下面所述的那些方法从溶液获得的起始原料来合成。
为了用于医药,式I的化合物的盐可以是药学可接受盐。然而,其他盐可以用于制备本发明的化合物或其药学可接受盐。当本发明的化合物是酸性的,适当的″药学可接受盐″是指由药学可接受无毒碱制备的盐,所述的碱包括无机碱和有机碱。衍生自无机碱的盐包括铝、铵、钙、铜、铁、亚铁、锂、镁、锰盐、亚锰、钾、钠、锌等。特别优选铵、钙、镁、钾和钠盐。衍生自药学可接受无毒有机碱的盐包括一级、二级和三级胺、取代胺的盐,包括天然取代胺、环胺类和碱性离子交换树脂,例如精氨酸,甜菜碱,咖啡因,胆碱,N,N1-二苄基亚乙基二胺,二乙胺,2-二乙基氨基乙醇,2-二甲基氨基乙醇,乙醇胺,乙二胺,N-乙基-吗啉,N-乙基哌啶,葡糖胺,氨基葡萄糖,组氨酸,hydrabamine,异丙胺,赖氨酸,甲基葡糖胺,吗啉,哌嗪,哌啶,聚胺树脂,普鲁卡因,嘌呤类,可可碱,三乙胺,三甲胺,三丙胺,氨丁三醇等。
当本发明的化合物是碱性时,可以由药学可接受无毒酸制备盐,包括无机和有机酸。酸包括乙酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、樟脑磺酸、柠檬酸、乙磺酸、富马酸、葡糖酸、谷氨酸、氢溴酸、盐酸、羟乙基磺酸、乳酸、马来酸、苹果酸、扁桃酸、甲磺酸、粘酸、硝酸、扑酸、泛酸、磷酸、琥珀酸、硫酸、酒石酸、对甲苯磺酸等。特别优选柠檬酸、富马酸、氢溴酸、盐酸、马来酸、磷酸、硫酸和酒石酸。
上述药学可接受盐和其他典型药学可接受盐的制备更全面地由Berg等公开在″Pharmaceutical Salts,″J.Parm.Sci.,1977:66:1-19。
还应注意,本发明的化合物可能是内盐或两性离子,因为在生理条件下化合物中的脱质子酸性部分例如羧基可以是阴离子,并且该电荷可能被质子化或烷基化的碱性部分例如季氮原子的阳离子电荷在内部平衡掉。
在化学描述和下列实施例中可以使用的缩写包括:Ac2O(乙酸酐);AcOH(乙酸);AIBN(2,2′-偶氮二异丁腈);Ar(芳基);BINAP(2,2′-二(二苯基膦)-1,1′-联萘基);Bn(苄基);BOC/Boc(叔丁氧基羰基);BSA(牛血清白蛋白);CAN(硝酸氨高铈);CBz(苄酯基);CD3OD(甲基-d3醇-d);CI(化学电离);DBAD(偶氮二羧酸二叔丁酯);DBU(1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯);DCC(1,3-二氯己基碳二亚胺);DCE(,2-二氯乙烷);DCM(二氯甲烷);DIEA(N,N-二异丙基乙基胺);DMAP 4(二甲基氨基吡啶);(DME 1,2-二甲氧基乙烷);DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺);DMSO(甲基亚砜);DPPA(二苯基磷酰基叠氮化物);DTT(二硫苏糖醇);EDC(1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基-碳二亚胺-盐酸盐);EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸);ELSD(蒸发光散射检测器);ES(电子喷射);ESI(电子喷射电离);Et2O(乙醚);Et3N(三乙胺);EtOAc(乙酸乙酯);EtOH(乙醇);FAB(快速原子轰击);HEPES(4-(2-羟基乙基)-1-哌嗪乙磺酸);HMPA(六甲基磷酰胺);HOAc(乙酸);HOBt(1-羟基苯并三唑水合物);HOOBt(3-羟基-1,2,2-苯并三嗪-4(3H)-酮);HPLC(高效液体色谱);HRMS(高分辩质谱);i-Pr2NEt(N,N-二异丙基乙基胺);KOtBu(叔丁醇钾);LAH(氢化锂铝);LCMS(液体色谱质谱);MCPBA(间氯过氧苯甲酸);Me(甲基);MeOH(甲醇);MP-Carbonate(大孔聚苯乙烯碳酸盐);Ms(甲磺酰基);MS(质谱);MsCI(甲磺酰氯);n-Bu(正丁基);n-Bu3P(三正丁基膦);NaHMDS(二(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨化钠);NBS(N-溴琥珀酰胺);NMM(N-甲基吗啉);NMR(核磁共振);Pd(PPh3)4(四(三苯基膦)钯);Pd2(dba)3(三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0));Pd(Pt-Bu3)2(二(三-叔丁基膦)钯);Ph(苯基);PMSF(α-甲苯磺酰氟);PS-DCC(聚苯乙烯二环己基碳二亚胺);PS-DMAP(聚苯乙烯二甲基氨基吡啶);PS-NMM(聚苯乙烯N-甲基吗啉);Py或pyr(吡啶);PYBOP(苯并三唑-1-基氧基三吡咯烷并鏻)(或PyBOP)(六氟磷酸盐);RPLC(反向液体色谱);RT(室温);SCX SPE(强阳离子交换固相萃取);t-Bu(叔丁基);TBAF(四丁基氟化铵);TBSC1(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基氯);TFA(三氟乙酸);THE(四氢呋喃);TIPS(三异丙基甲硅烷基);TMS(四甲基硅烷);和Tr(三苯甲基)。
实用性
另一方面,本发明涉及一种在需要其的哺乳动物中调制PKs(蛋白激酶)的催化活性的方法,该方法包括使PK与式I的化合物接触。
在此使用的术语″调制作用″或″调制″是指改变受体酪氨酸激酶(RTKs),细胞酪氨酸激酶(CTKs)和丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶(STKs)的催化活性。特别是,调制是指激活RTKs,CTKs和STKs的催化活性,优选激活或抑制RTKs,CTKs和STKs的催化活性,这取决于与RTKs,CTKs或STKs接触的化合物或盐的浓度,更优选抑制RTKs,CTKs和STKs的催化活性。
在此使用的术语″催化活性″是指在RTKs和/或CTKs的直接或间接影响下酪氨酸磷酸化的比率或在STKs的直接或间接影响下丝氨酸和苏氨酸磷酸化的比率。
在此使用的术语″接触″是指使本发明的化合物和靶向PK在一起,其方式是使该化合物可以直接作用于PK的催化活性,即通过与激酶本身相互作用,或间接作用于PK的催化活性,即通过与另一所述激酶的催化活性依赖的分子相互作用。这种″接触″可以在″体外″完成,即在试管、培养皿或等中。在试管中,接触可以仅仅涉及化合物和感兴趣的PK,或者它可以涉及整个细胞。细胞还可以保持或生长在细胞培养皿中并与化合物在该环境中接触。本文中,特定化合物影响PK相关性疾病的性能,即定义如下的化合物IC50,可以在尝试将该化合物体内应用于更加复杂的活生物体之前测定。对于生物体外的细胞,存在多种方法,并且本领域技术人员熟知,使PKs与化合物接触,包括,但不限于,直接细胞微射法和多种跨膜载体技术。
本发明的另一方面,上述PK选自包括RTK,CTK或STK的组。优选地,PK是RTK。
此外,本发明的一个方面在于其催化活性通过本发明化合物调制的受体酪氨酸激酶(RTK)选自包括EGF,HER2,HER3,HER4,IR,IGF-1R,IRR,PDGFRα,PDGFRβ,TrkA,TrkB,TrkC,HGF,CSFIR,C-Kit,C-fms,Flk-lR,Flk4,KDR/Flk-1,Flt-1,FGFR-1R,FGFR-1R,FGFR-3R和FGFR-4R的组。优选地,优选RTK,该受体蛋白激酶选自IR,IGF-1R,或IRR。
此外,本发明的一个方面在于其催化活性通过本发明的化合物调制的细胞酪氨酸激酶选自Src,Frk,Btk,Csk,Abl,ZAP70,Fes,Fps,Fak,Jak,Ack,Yes,Fyn,Lyn,Lck,Blk,Hck,Fgr和Yrk的组。
本发明的另一方面在于其催化活性通过本发明的化合物调制的丝氨酸-苏氨酸蛋白激酶选自CDK2和Raf的组。
另一方面,本发明涉及一种在需要所述处理的哺乳动物中治疗或预防PK相关疾病的方法,包括给该哺乳动物施用治疗有效量的一种或多种上述化合物。
在此使用的″PK相关疾病″、″PK推进的疾病″和″异常PK活性″均是指特征在于不适当(即,减少或,更常见过度)PK催化活性的病症,其中特定PK可以是RTK,CTK或STK。不适当催化活性可以由下列引起:(1)PK表达在正常情况下不表达PKs的细胞中;(2)增高的PK表达,导致不希望的细胞增殖、分化和/或生长;或(2)减小的PK表达,导致细胞增殖、分化和/或生长的不期望减少。PK的过度活性是指编码特定PK或其配体的基因的扩增,或产生一定水平的PK活性,其与细胞增殖、分化和/或生长疾病有关(也就是说,由于PK水平增高,所述细胞疾病的一种或多种症状的严重性随着PK活性水平的降低而增高)。
有关PK相关性疾病的″治疗″、″处理″或″疗法″是指减轻或消除了PK相关性疾病的病因和/或作用。
在此使用的术语″预防″、″防止″和″预防作用″是指一种首位使哺乳动物不获得pK相关性疾病的方法。
在本发明化合物的引用中术语″给药″和其变化形式(例如″施用″化合物)是指将所述化合物或该化合物的前药引入到需要治疗的动物体系中。当本发明的化合物或其前药与一种或多种其他活性剂(例如,细胞毒性剂等)联合提供时,″给药″及其变化形式各自理解为包括所述化合物或其前药和其他药物并行和顺序引入。
在此使用的术语″治疗有效量″是指由研究人员、兽医、临床医生和其他临床工作者寻找到的活性化合物或药剂在组织、系统、动物或人体中产生生物或医学反应的量。
术语″治疗癌症″或″癌症的治疗″是指向患有癌性病症的哺乳动物给药并且提供杀死癌细胞来减轻癌性病症,而且产生抑制癌症生长和/或迁移的结果。
本发明的另一方面中蛋白激酶相关疾病可以选自RTK、CTK或STK相关疾病。优选地,该蛋白激酶相关性疾病时RTK相关性疾病。
在本发明的另一方面,上述PK相关性疾病可以选自EGFR相关性疾病、PDGFR相关性疾病、IGFR相关性疾病和flk相关性疾病。
本发明的另一方面中上述PK相关性疾病可以是选自下列的癌症,但不限于,星形细胞瘤,基底或扁平细胞癌,脑癌,成胶质细胞瘤,膀胱癌,乳腺癌,结肠直肠癌,chrondro肉瘤,子宫颈癌,肾上腺癌,绒毛膜癌,食道癌,子宫内膜癌,红白血病,尤因氏瘤,胃肠道癌,头和颈癌,肝细胞,神经胶质瘤,肝细胞癌,白血病,平滑肌瘤,黑素瘤,非小细胞肺癌,神经癌,卵巢癌,胰腺癌,前列腺癌,肾细胞癌,横纹肌肉瘤,小细胞肺癌,胸腺瘤(thyoma),甲状腺癌,睾丸癌和骨肉瘤。更优选地,该PK相关性疾病是选自脑癌,乳腺癌,前列腺癌,结肠直肠癌,小细胞肺癌,非小细胞肺癌,肾细胞癌或子宫内膜癌的癌症。
在本发明的范围内内包括一种药物组合物,其含有上述式I的化合物和药学可接受载体。本发明还包括一种在需要这种处理的哺乳动物中治疗或预防癌症的方法,该方法包括给该哺乳动物施用治疗有效量的式I的化合物。本发明的另一方面,可以用式I的化合物治疗的癌症的类型包括,但不限于,星形细胞瘤,基底或扁平细胞癌,脑癌,成胶质细胞瘤,膀胱癌,乳腺癌,结肠直肠癌,chrondro肉瘤,子宫颈癌,肾上腺癌,绒毛膜癌,食道癌,子宫内膜癌,红白血病,尤因氏瘤,胃肠道癌,头和颈癌,肝细胞,神经胶质瘤,肝细胞癌,白血病,平滑肌瘤,黑素瘤,非小细胞肺癌,神经癌,卵巢癌,胰腺癌,前列腺癌,肾细胞癌,横纹肌肉瘤,小细胞肺癌,胸腺瘤,甲状腺癌,睾丸癌和骨肉瘤。更优选地,被治疗的癌症选自乳腺癌,前列腺癌,结肠直肠癌,小细胞肺癌,非小细胞肺癌,肾细胞癌,或子宫内膜癌。
本发明的另一方面中上述PK相关性疾病可以是IGFR相关性疾病,其选自:糖尿病,自身免疫性疾病,阿尔茨海默氏病和其他认知障碍,过度增殖性疾病,老化,癌,肢端肥大症,克罗恩氏病,子宫内膜异位,糖尿病性肾病,再狭窄,纤维变性,牛皮癣,骨关节炎,类风湿性关节炎,炎性疾病和血管生成。
本发明还包括一种治疗或预防视网膜血管形成的方法,该方法包括给需要所述治疗的哺乳动物施用治疗有效量的式I的化合物。本发明的一个部分是治疗或预防眼科疾病的方法,例如糖尿病性肾病和老化有关的黄斑变性。
本发明的范围内还包括一种治疗或预防炎性疾病的方法,例如类风湿性关节炎,牛皮癣,接触性皮炎和延迟性过敏反应,以及选自骨肉瘤,骨关节炎,和佝偻病的骨相关性病变的治疗或预防。
其他可以用本发明的化合物治疗的疾病包括,不限于,,免疫性和心血管疾病,例如动脉粥样硬化。
所以,本发明的范围包括上述化合物与第二化合物联合应用,所述第二化合物选自:1)雌激素受体调制剂,2)雄激素受体调制剂,3)视黄酸受体调制剂,4)细胞毒性/细胞抑制剂,5)抗增殖剂,6)异戊烯-蛋白质转移酶抑制剂,7)HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂,8)HIV蛋白酶抑制剂,9)逆转录酶抑制剂,10)血管生成抑制剂,11)PPAR-γ激动剂,12)PPAR-δ激动剂,13)固有多药耐药性的抑制剂,14)止吐剂,15)贫血治疗药,16)中性白血病减少症治疗药,17)免疫增强药,18)细胞增殖和存活信号抑制剂,和19)干扰细胞周期关卡的药物。
在实施方式中,用作第二化合物的血管生成抑制剂选自酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,表皮衍生生长因子的抑制剂,成纤维细胞衍生生长因子的抑制剂,血小板盐水生长因子的抑制剂,MMP(基质金属蛋白酶)抑制剂,整联蛋白阻断剂,干扰素-α,白介素-12,戊聚糖多硫酸酯,环加氧酶抑制剂,羧酰胺基三唑,combretastatin A-4,squal胺,6-O-氯乙酰基-羰基)-烟曲霉醇,沙利度胺,制管张素,肌钙蛋白-1,或VEGF的抗体。在实施方式中,该雌激素受体调制剂为他莫昔芬或雷洛昔芬。
权利要求书的范围内还在于一种治疗癌症的方法,该方法包括将治疗有效量的式I的化合物联合放射疗法和/或联合选自下列的化合物给药:1)雌激素受体调制剂,2)雄激素受体调制剂,3)视网膜(retinoid)受体调制剂,4)细胞毒性/细胞抑制剂,5)抗增殖剂,6)异戊烯-蛋白质转移酶抑制剂,7)HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂,8)HIV蛋白酶抑制剂,9)逆转录酶抑制剂,10)血管生成抑制剂,11)PPAR-γ激动剂,12)PPAR-8激动剂,13)固有多药耐药性的抑制剂,14)止吐剂,15)有效治疗贫血的药物,16)有效治疗中性白血病减少症的药物,17)免疫增强药,18)细胞增殖和存活信号的抑制剂,和19)干扰细胞周期关卡的药物。
本发明的另一实施方式是一种治疗癌症的方法,该方法包括将治疗有效量的式I的化合物联合紫杉醇或司徒曼布。
本发明进一步包括一种治疗或预防癌症的方法,该方法包括将治疗有效量的式I的化合物联合COX-2抑制剂给药。
本发明还包括一种用于治疗或预防癌症的药物组合物,其包括治疗有效量的式I的化合物和选自下列的化合物:1)雌激素受体调制剂,2)雄激素受体调制剂,3)视黄酸受体调制剂,4)细胞毒性/细胞抑制剂,5)抗增殖剂,6)异戊烯-蛋白质转移酶抑制剂,7)HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂,8)HIV蛋白酶抑制剂,9)逆转录酶抑制剂,10)血管生成抑制剂,11)PPAR-γ激动剂,12)PPAR-δ激动剂,13)细胞增殖和存活信号的抑制剂,和14)干扰细胞周期关卡的药物。
另一实施方式是一种利用上述联合药物形式结合放射疗法治疗癌症的方法。
本发明的另一方面是一种治疗癌症的方法,该方法包括将治疗有效量的式I的化合物联合紫杉醇或司徒曼布给药。其催化活性通过本发明的化合物调节的PKs包括蛋白质酪氨酸激酶,其中存在两种类型,受体酪氨酸激酶(RTKs)和细胞酪氨酸激酶(CTKs),和丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶(STKs)。RTK介导的信号传导,是由具有特异性生长因子(配体)的细胞外相互作用引发的,随后经过受体二聚作用(或在IR,IGF-1R或IRR的情况中是构型改变),内在蛋白质酪氨酸激酶活性的瞬时刺激,自磷酸化和其他底物蛋白质的后续磷酸化。由此为细胞内信号传导分子产生了结合位点且导致在胞质信号分子的范围内形成复合物,其促使了适当的细胞反应(例如,细胞分裂,对细胞外微环境的代谢作用等)。参见Schlessinger和Ullrich,1992,Neuron 9:303-391。
已经证实,生长因子受体上的酪氨酸磷酸化位点充当信号分子的SH2(src同源性)结构域的高亲和力结合位点。Fantl等,1992,Cell 69:413-423;Songyang等,1994,Mol.,Cell.Biol.14:2777-2785);Songyang等,1993,Cell 72:767-778;和Koch等,1991,Science 252:668-678。另一信号分子结构域被称作PTB结构域,其与磷酸化酪氨酸相互作用。Blaikie等,1994,J.Biol.Chem.269:32031-32034;Gustafson等,1995,Mol.Cell Biol.,15:2500-25008;Kavanaugh和Williams,1994,Science 266:1862-1865。已经鉴定出数种与RTKs缔合的细胞内底物蛋白质。它们可以分为两种主要的组:(1)具有催化结构域的底物;和(2)无这种结构域但充当接合体并具有催化活性分子的底物。Songyang等,1993,Cell 72:767-778。受体和其底物的SH2结构域之间的相互作用的特异性是通过直接环绕在磷酸化酪氨酸残基的氨基酸残基来测定的。SH2或PTB结构域与特定受体上磷酸酪氨酸残基四周氨基酸序列之间亲和力的差异与观察到的其底物磷酸化性能是一致的。Songyang等,1993,Cell 72:767-778。这些结构提示了各RTK的功能不但由其表达的模式和配体有效性决定,而且由通过特定受体激活的下游信号传导途径的阵列决定。所以,磷酸化作用提供重要的调节步骤,其决定了由特定生长因子受体和分化因子受体募集的信号途径的选择性。
STKs主要是胞质的,它影响细胞的内部生物化学,经常作为对PTK事件的下游反应。STKs已经参与信号过程,其引发DNA合成和后续的导致细胞增殖的有丝分裂。因此,在其他反应中,PK信号传导导致细胞增殖、分化、生长、代谢和细胞迁移。异常的细胞增殖可以造成大范围的障碍和疾病,包括瘤形成的发展,例如癌,肉瘤,成胶质细胞瘤和血管瘤,障碍例如白血病,牛皮癣,动脉粥样硬化,关节炎和糖尿病性肾病和其他与失控的血管生成和/或血管发生有关的障碍。
精确理解本发明化合物通过何种机理抑制Pks不一定是实施本发明所必需的。然而,不受任何特定机理或理论的约束,可以详细所述的化合物与PKs催化区内的氨基酸相互作用。PKs通常具有两裂片结构,其中ATP似乎结合在PKs中两个裂片之间的保存所述氨基酸的浅裂内。PKs的抑制剂被认为通过非共价相互反应如氢键、范德华力和离子相互作用结合在同一通用区域内,其中上述ATP与该PKs结合。本文公开的化合物在体外试验中可以对于此类蛋白质有用,并且通过与此类蛋白质相互作用具有体内治疗作用。
另一方面,所述的蛋白激酶(PK)是蛋白质酪氨酸激酶(PTK),其催化活性通过与接触本发明的化合物而被调制,更特别是受体蛋白质酪氨酸激酶(RTK)。在其催化活性可以用本发明或其盐调制的RTKs中,不限于是:EGF,HER2,HER3,HER4,IR,IGF-1R,IRR,PDGFRα,PDGFRβ,TrkA,TrkB,TrkC,HGF,CSFIR,C-Kit,C-fms,Flk-lR,Flk4,KDR/Flk-1,Flt-1,FGFR-1R,FGFR-2R,FGFR-3R和FGFR-4R。最优选地,该RTK选自IGF-1R。
其催化活性通过与接触本发明的化合物或其盐或前药而被调制的蛋白质酪氨酸激酶还可以是非受体或细胞蛋白质酪氨酸激酶(CTK)。所以,CTKs例如,不限于Src,Frk,Btk,Csk,Abl,ZAP70,Fes,Fps,Fak,Jak,Ack,Yes,Fyn,Lyn,Lck,Blk,Hck,Fgr和Yrk的催化活性可以通过接触本发明或盐来调制。
另一组其催化活性通过接触本发明化合物调制的PKs是丝氨酸-苏氨酸蛋白激酶,例如,不限于,CDK2和Raf。
本发明还涉及通过作用于RTKs、CTKs和/或STKs的酶活性、由此干扰此类蛋白质的信号传导的调制PK信号传导的化合物。更加具体地,本发明涉及调制RTK、CTK和/或STK介导的信号传导途径的方法,作为治愈多种类型的实体瘤的治疗方法,实体瘤包括,但不限于,癌症,肉瘤包括卡波济氏肉瘤,成红细胞瘤,成胶质细胞瘤,脑膜瘤,星形细胞瘤,黑素瘤和成肌细胞瘤。非实体癌例如白血病的治疗或预防叶属于本发明内。适应症可以包括,但不限于脑癌类,膀胱癌类,卵巢癌类,胃癌类,胰腺癌类,结肠癌类,血液癌类,乳腺癌类,前列腺癌类,肾细胞癌类,肺癌和骨癌类。
与不适当PK活性有关的可以用本发明所述化合物预防、治疗和研究的其他实例,不限于,细胞增殖性障碍,纤维变性疾病和代谢疾病。
如上所述,该胰岛素样生长因子-1受体(IGF-1R)属于跨膜酪氨酸激酶受体例如血小板衍生生长因子受体、表皮生长因子受体和胰岛素受体的家族。已知存在两类IGF-1R受体的配体。它们是IGF-1和IGF-2。在此所用的术语″IGF″是指IGF-1和IGF-2两者。胰岛素样生长因子家族的配体、受体和结合蛋白质在Krywicki和Yee的BreastCancer Research和Treatment,22:7-19,1992中评述。
IGF/IGF-1R引发的疾病的特征在于不适当或过度的IGF/IGF-1R活性。不适当的IGF活性是指:(1)IGF或IGF-1R表达在正常情况下不表达IGF或IGF-1R的细胞内;(2)增高的IGF或IGF-1R表达,其导致不希望的细胞增殖例如癌症;(3)增高的IGF或IGF-1R活性,其导致不希望的细胞增殖,例如癌症;和/或过度的IGF或IGF-1R活性。过度的IGF或IGF-1R活性是指编码IGF-1、IGF-2、IGF-1R的基因的扩增或产生一定水平的IGF活性,其与细胞增殖性疾病有关(即,随着IGF水平的增高,细胞增殖性疾病的一种或多种症状的严重性增高),IGF-1和IGF-2的生物利用度还可以受到存在或不存在的一组IGF结合蛋白(IGF BPs)影响,IGF蛋白中已知的有六种。
IGF/IGF-1R的过度活性还可能由于IGF-2的下调造成,其含有IGF-2结合结构域,但无细胞内激酶结构域。IGF/IGF-1R引发的疾病的实例包括不同的IGF/IGF-1R相关人体噁性肿瘤,它们由Cullen等在Cancers Investigation,9(4):443-454,1991中评述,其全文在此引入作为参考,包括任何附图。IGF/IGF-1Rs在调节成骨细胞功能中的临床重要性和作用由Schmid在Journal of Internal Medicine,234:535-542,1993中评述。
所以,IGF-1R活性包括:(1)IGF-1R蛋白质的磷酸化;(2)IGF-1R蛋白质底物的磷酸化;(3)与IGF接合体蛋白质的相互作用;(4)IGF-1R蛋白质表面表达。其他IGF-1R蛋白质活性可以利用标准技术进行确定。IGF-1R活性可以通过测定测定一种或多种下列活性来进行分析:(1)IGF-1R的磷酸化;(2)IGF-1R底物的磷酸化;(3)IGF-1R接合体分子的活化;和(4)下游信号分子的活化,和/或(5)增强细胞分裂。这些活性可以利用下列技术和现有技术的已知技术来测定。
IGF-1R已经被推断是建立和维持体外和体内数种细胞类型的转化表型绝对必要的(R.Baserga,Cancer Research 55:249-252,1995)。据称除莠霉素A抑制人乳腺癌症细胞中的IGF-1R蛋白质酪氨酸激酶和细胞增殖(Sepp-Lorenzino等,1994,J.Cell Biochem.Suppl.18b:246)。研究IGF-1R在转化中的作用的试验已经采用反义方案,显性失活突变体,和IGF-1R的抗体,并且得到IGF-1R可能是治疗性干预的一个优选靶向的启示。
除了参与营养性支持和II型糖尿病以外,IGF-1R还与若干类型的癌症有关。例如,IGF-1被认为是若干肿瘤类型的自分泌生长刺激物,例如人乳腺癌症癌细胞(Arteago等,J.Clin.Invest.,1989,84:1418-1423)和小肺肿瘤细胞(Macauley等.,Cancer Res.,1989,50:2511-2517)。此外,尽管整体上参与神经系统的正常生长和分化,但IGF-1也似乎是人神经胶质瘤的自分泌刺激物。Sandberg-Nordqvist等.,Cancer Res.,1993,53:2475-2478。
IGF-2的潜在参与结肠直肠癌的一个实例可以在结肠肿瘤中IGF-2mRNA相对于正常结肠组织而言的上调中发现。(Zhang等,Science(1997)276:1268-1272.)IGF-2还可以在低氧症中起诱发肿瘤的新血管形成的作用。(Minet等.,Int.J.Mol.Med.(2000)5:253-259.)IGF-2还可以在肿瘤发生中通过激活胰岛素受体同工型-A发挥作用。胰岛素受体同工型-A的IGF-2活化作用激活细胞中的细胞存活信号途径,但现在还不清楚其对肿瘤细胞生长和存活的作用。胰岛素受体同工型-A的激酶结构域与标准胰岛素受体的。Scalia等,2001,J.CellBiochem.82:610-618。
IGF-1R和其配体在培养中的细胞分型(成纤维细胞,上皮细胞,平滑肌细胞,T-淋巴细胞,骨髓细胞,软骨细胞和成骨细胞(骨髓的干细胞))中的重要性是通过IGF-1刺激细胞生长和增殖的能力来说明的。Goldring和Goldring,Eukaryotic Gene Expression,1991,1:301-326。在一系列的最新文献中,Baserga和其他作者提出IGF-1R在转化机理中发挥核心作用,并且由此可能是治疗性干预广谱人噁性肿瘤的一个优选靶向。Baserga,Cancer Res.,1995,55:249-252;Baserga,Cell,1994,79:927-930;Coppola等,Mol.Cell.Biol.,1994,14:4588-4595;Baserga,Trends in Biotechnology,1996,14:150-152;H.M。Khandwala等,Endocrine Reviews,21:215-244,2000。可以用本发明化合物治疗的主要癌症包括,但不限于乳腺癌,前列腺癌,结肠直肠癌,小细胞肺癌,非小细胞肺癌,肾细胞癌,或子宫内膜癌。
IGF-1也与视网膜新血管形成有关。增殖性糖尿病视网膜病已经在某些具有高水平的IGF-1的患者中发现。(L.E.Smith等,NatureMedicine,1999,5:1390-1395.)
本发明的化合物还可以用作抗老化药物。已经观察到IGF信号和老化之间存在联系。实验已经证实卡路里受限制的哺乳动物具有抵水平的胰岛素和IGF-1并且具有较长的有效期。在昆虫中也有类似的观察结果(参见C.Kenyon,Cell,2001,105:165-168;E.Strauss,Science,2001,292:41-43;K.D.Kimura等,Science 1997,277:942-946;M.Tatar等,Science,2001,292:107-110)。
STKs被推断参与多种癌症,包括,特别是,乳腺癌症(Cance等,Int.J.癌,1993,54:571-77)。
异常PK活性和疾病之间的关联并不局限于癌症。譬如,RTKs与例如牛皮癣、糖尿病、子宫内膜异位、血管生成、动脉粥样斑发展、阿尔茨海默氏病,表皮过度增殖、神经变性疾病、老化有关的黄斑变性和血管瘤的疾病有关。譬如,EGFR参与角膜和皮肤损伤愈合。胰岛素-R和IGF-1R的缺少表现在II型糖尿病中。有关特定RTKs及其治疗适应症之间的更加全面的关系由Plowman等公开在DN & P,1994,7:334-339中。
如上所述,不但RTKs,而且包括但不限于src、abl、fps、yes、fyn、lyn、lck、Zap70、blk、hck、fgr和yrk(由Bolen等在,FASEB J.,1993,6:3403-3409中评述)的CTKs也参与增殖和代谢信号传导途径,并且由此期望,而且已经证实,参与许多本发明涉及的PTK介导性疾病。例如,已证实突变的src(v-src)是鸡的癌基因蛋白质(pp60V-src)。此外,其细胞同系物,the protooncogene pp60c-src传送多种受体的致癌基因信号。EGFR或HER2/neu在肿瘤内的过度表达导致pp60c-src的组成活化,这是噁性细胞的特性,但在正常细胞中并不存在。另一方面,小鼠在c-src表达上的缺陷显现出骨硬化(osteopetrotic)表型,表明c-src在破骨细胞功能中的一个关键参与作用以及在相关疾病中的参与可能性。
同样地,Zap70已经涉及T细胞信号,其可能与自身免疫性疾病有关。
STKs与炎症、自身免疫性疾病、免疫反应和过度增殖性疾病例如再狭窄,纤维变性,牛皮癣,骨关节炎和类风湿性关节炎有关。
PKs也参与胚胎植入。所以,本发明的化合物可以提供防止这种胚胎植入的方法并由此成为生育控制药物。
最后,RTKs和CTKs两者统筹被推测与超免疫疾病有关。
本发明的这些和其他方面基于本文的教导应该是清楚的。
本发明的另一方面是一种鉴定出能够调制一种或多种上述蛋白激酶的催化活性的化学化合物的方法。该方法包括使表达所需蛋白激酶的细胞与本发明的化合物(或其盐或前药)并监测所述化合物对该细胞产生的作用。该作用可以是任何用肉眼或者利用仪器观察到的细胞表型中的变化或变化的消失。这些细胞表型中的变化或者变化的消失可以是,例如,不限于,细胞中蛋白激酶催化活性的改变或改变的消失或具有天然结合配偶体的蛋白激酶的相互作用的改变或改变的消失。
组合物
上述化合物的药物组合物是本发明的另一方面。
本文使用的,术语″组合物″包括了含有特定量的特定组分的产品,以及任何直接或间接由特定量的特定组分的组合获得的产品。
本发明海包括一种用于治疗癌症的药物组合物,包括施用治疗有效量的本发明化合物,并且含有或不含有药学可接受载体或稀释剂。本发明的适当组合物包括含有本发明的化合物的水溶液和药理学可接受的载体,例如,处于一定pH水平的盐水,例如,7.4。所述的溶液可以通过局部快速浓注引入到患者的血流内。
含有活性成分的药物组合物可以是适合口服使用的形式,例如,作为片剂,锭剂,菱形锭剂,水或油混悬液,可分散散剂或颗粒剂,乳剂,硬或软胶囊,或糖浆剂或酏剂。用于口服使用的组合物可以按照用于制造药物组合物的已知方法来制备,并且所述的组合物可以含有一种或多种选自甜味剂、矫味剂、着色剂和防腐剂的试剂从而提供药学上美观和可口的制剂。片剂含有和适合制备片剂的药学可接受赋形剂混和的活性成分。这些赋形剂可以例如,惰性稀释剂,例如碳酸钙,碳酸钠,乳糖、磷酸钙或磷酸钠;造粒剂和崩解剂,例如,微晶纤维素,交联羧甲基纤维素钠,玉米淀粉或藻酸;粘合剂,例如淀粉,明胶,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或阿拉伯胶,和润滑剂,例如,硬脂酸镁,硬脂酸或滑石粉。片剂可以未包衣,或者它们可以通过已知技术将其包衣以掩蔽药物的不快味道或者延迟在胃肠道内的崩解和吸收并由此获得长时间的缓释作用。例如,水溶性味觉掩蔽材料例如羟丙基-甲基纤维素或羟丙基-纤维素,或者延时材料例如乙基纤维素,醋酸纤维素buryrate。
本发明的化合物还可以与其他按照其治疗病症的具体效用来选择的已知治疗剂联合给药。例如,在骨相关性疾病的情况中,有效的联合包括具有抗吸收的双膦酸类,例如阿仑特罗和利塞膦酸钠;整联蛋白阻断剂(定义如下),例如αvβ3拮抗剂;雌激素替代疗法中的共轭雌激素,例如PREMPROO,PREMARIN;和ENDOMETRION;选择性雌激素受体调制剂(SERMs),例如雷洛昔芬,着洛昔芬着洛昔芬,CP-336,156(Pfizer)和拉索昔芬(lasofoxifen);cathespin K抑制剂;和ATP质子泵抑制剂。
本发明化合物还适于与已知的抗癌药联合。已知的抗癌药包括下列:雌激素受体调制剂,雄激素受体调制剂,视黄酸受体调制剂,细胞毒性剂,抗增殖剂,异戊烯-蛋白质转移酶抑制剂,HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂,HIV蛋白酶抑制剂,反转录酶抑制剂,和其他血管生成抑制剂。当与放射疗法联合施用时本发明的化合物特别有效。现有技术中已经描述了与放射疗法结合施用抑制VEGF的协同作用。(参见WO00/61186.)
″雌激素受体调制剂″是指无论其机理可干扰或抑制雌激素与受体的结合的化合物。雌激素受体调制剂的实例包括,但不限于,他莫昔芬,雷洛昔芬,艾多昔芬,LY353381,LY117081,托瑞米芬,fulvestrant,4-[7-(2,2-二甲基-l-氧代丙氧基-4-甲基-2-[4-[2-(l-哌啶基)乙氧基]苯基]-2H-l-苯并吡喃-3-基]-苯基-2,2-二甲基丙酸酯,4,4′-二羟基二苯酮-2,4-二硝基苯基-腙,和SH646。
″雄激素受体调制剂″是指无论其机理、可干扰或抑制雄激素结合受体的化合物。雄激素受体调制剂的实例包括非那雄胺和其他5α-还原酶抑制剂,尼鲁米特,氟他胺,比卡米特,liarozole,和abirateroneacetate。
″视黄酸受体调制剂″是指无论其机理可干扰或抑制视黄酸结合受体的化合物。视黄酸受体调制剂的实例包括维生素A酸,13-cis-视黄酸,9-cis-视黄酸,α-二氟甲基鸟氨酸,ILX23-7553,反式-N-(4′-羟基苯基)雷替米特(retinamide),和N-4-羧基苯基雷替米特。
″细胞毒性剂″是指主要通过直接干扰细胞活动或抑制或干扰细胞减数分裂引起细胞死亡的化合物,包括烷化剂,肿瘤坏死因子,嵌入剂,微管蛋白抑制剂,和拓扑异构酶抑制剂。
细胞毒性剂的实例包括,但不限于,替拉扎明,sertenef,肿瘤坏死因子,异环磷酰胺,tasonermin,氯尼达明,卡铂,阿霉素,六甲蜜胺,泼尼莫司汀,二溴卫矛醇,雷诺氮芥,福泰氮芥,奈达铂,奥沙利铂,泰莫佐罗,heptaplatin,雌莫司汀,二丙胺磺酯,氯乙环磷酰胺,尼莫司汀,螺溴丙酰胺,嘌米舌泊,乐铂,satraplatin,profiromycin,顺铂,irofulven,dexifosfamide,顺式-胺二氯(2-甲基-吡啶)铂,苄基鸟嘌呤,glufosfamide,GPX100,(反式,反式,反式)-二-mu-(己烷-1,6-二胺)-mu-[二胺-铂(II)]二[二胺(氯)铂(n)]四氯化物,二氮杂环丁烷基精胺,三氧化砷,1-(11-十二烷基氨基-10-羟基十一氨基)-3,7-二甲基黄嘌呤,佐柔比星,伊达比星,柔红霉素,比桑那,米托蒽醌,吡喃阿霉素,pinafide,戊柔比星,amrubicin,抗酮瘤,3′-脱氨基-3′-吗啉代-13-脱氧-10-羟基洋红霉素,安那霉素,galarubicin,elinafide,MEN10755,和4-脱甲氧基-3-脱氨基-3-氮杂环丙烷基-4-甲基磺酰基-柔红霉素(参见WO00/50032)。
微管蛋白抑制剂的实例包括紫杉醇,硫酸长春地辛,3′,4′-二氢-4′-脱氧-8′-去甲长春花硷,多西紫杉,根霉素,dolastatin,mivobulin羟乙基磺酸盐,auristatin,cemadotin,RPR109881,BMS184476,vinflunine,cryptophycin,2,3,4,5,6-五氟-N-(3-氟-4-甲氧基苯基)苯磺酰胺,脱水长春碱,N,N-二甲基-L-缬氨酰基-L-缬氨酰基-N-甲基-L-缬氨酰基-L-脯氨酰基-L-脯氨酸-t-丁基酰胺,TDX258,和BMS188797。
拓扑异构酶抑制剂的一些实例是拓扑替康,hycapt胺,伊立替康,rubitecan,6-乙氧基p丙酰基-3′,4′-O-exo-亚苄基-教酒菌素,9-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-5-硝基吡唑并[3,4,5-kl]吖啶-2-(6H)丙胺,l-氨基-9-乙基-5-氟-2,3-二氢-9-羟基-4-甲基-1H,12H-苯并[de]吡喃并[3′,4′:b,7]吲嗪并[1,2b]喹啉-10,13(9H,15H)二酮,lurtotecan,7-[2-(N-异丙基氨基)乙基]-(20S)喜树碱,BNP1350,BNPI1100,BN80915,BN80942,磷酸依托泊甙,替尼泊甙,sobuzoxane,2′-二甲基氨基-2′-脱氧-依托泊甙,GL331,N-[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基]-9-羟基-5,6-二甲基-6H-吡啶并[4,3-b]咔唑-1-羧酰胺,asulacrine,(5a,5aB,8aa,9b)-9-[2-[N-[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基]-N-甲基氨基]乙基]-5-[4-羟基-3,5-di甲氧基苯基]-5,5a,6,8,8a,9-六氢呋(3′,4′:6,7)萘并(2,3-d)-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯-6-酮,2,3-(亚甲基二氧基)-5-甲基-7-羟基-8-甲氧基苯并[c]-菲啶鎓,6,9-二[(2-氨基乙基)氨基]苯并[g]异喹啉-5,10-二酮,5-(3-氨基丙基氨基)-7,10-二羟基-2-(2-羟基乙基氨基甲基)-6H-吡唑并[4,5,1-de]吖啶-6-酮,N-[1-[2(二乙基氨基)乙基氨基]-7-甲氧基-9-氧代-9H-噻吨-4-基甲基]甲酰胺,N-(2-(二甲基氨基)乙基)吖啶-4-羧酰胺,6-[[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基]氨基]-3-羟基-7H-茚[2,1-c]喹啉-7-酮,和dimesna。
″抗增殖剂″包括反义RNA和DNA低聚核苷酸,例如G3139,ODN698,RVASKRAS,GEM231和dE3001,和抗代谢药,例如依诺他滨,卡莫氟,替加氟,喷托他丁,多西氟尿啶,曲麦克特,氟达拉宾,卡培他滨,galocitabine,阿糖胞苷酯,fosteabine钠水合物,raltitrexed,paltitrexid,emitefur,噻唑呋林,脱氧氮杂胞苷,nolatrexed,pemetrexed,nelzarabine,2′-脱氧-2′-亚甲基胞苷,2′-氟亚甲基-2′-脱氧胞苷,N-[5-(2,3-二氢-苯并呋喃基)磺酰基]-N′-(3,4-二氯苯基)脲,N6-[4-脱氧-4-[N2-[2(E),4(E)-十四坦二烯酰基1]甘氨酰基氨基]-L-甘油-B-L-甘露-吡喃庚糖基]腺嘌呤,aplidine,ecteinascidin,troxacitabine,4-[2-氨基4-氧代-4,6,7,8-四氢-3H-嘧啶并[5,4-b][1,4]噻嗪-6-基-(S)-乙基]-2,5-噻吩基-L-谷氨酸,氨基蝶呤,5-flurouracil,丙氨菌素,11-乙酰基-8-(氨基甲酰氧基甲基)4-甲酰基-6-甲氧基-14-氧杂-1,11-二氮杂四环丙(7.4.1.0.0)-十四碳-2,4,6-三烯-9-基乙酸酯,swainsonine,洛美曲索,右丙亚胺,methioninase,2′-氰基-2′-脱氧-N4-palinitoyl-1-B-D-呋喃阿拉伯糖基胞嘧啶,和3-氨基吡啶-2-羧醛缩氨基硫脲。″抗增殖剂″还包括生长因子的单克隆抗体,不是″血管生成抑制剂″下所述的那些,例如司徒曼布,和肿瘤抑制基因,例如p53,他可以精重组病毒阶段的基因转化传递(参见例如美国专利6,069,134)。
″HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂″是指3-羟基-3-甲基戊二醛-CoA还原酶的抑制剂。对HMG-CoA还原酶具有抑制活性的化合物可以很容易地通过本领域熟知的分析方法来鉴定。例如,参见美国专利4,231,938第6栏和WO84/02131第30-33页中描述的引用的分析。
术语″HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂″和″HMG-CoA还原酶的抑制剂″在本文使用时具有相同含义。
可以使用的HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂的实例包括,但不限于,洛伐他汀(洛伐他汀)(MEVACOR,参见美国专利4,231,938,4,294,926和4,319,039);辛伐他汀(辛伐他汀)(ZOCORO,参见美国专利4,444,784,4,820,850和4,916,239);普伐他汀(pravastatin)(PRAVACHOLO,参见美国专利4,346,227,4,537,859,4,410,629,5,030,447和5,180,589);氟伐他汀(LESCOLO,参见美国专利5,354,772,4,911,165,4,929,437,5,189,164,5,118,853,5,290,946和5,356,896);阿伐他汀(LIP1TOR),参见美国专利5,273,995,4,681,893,5,489,691和5,342,952);和西伐他汀(也称作利伐他汀(rivastatin)和BAYCHOL),参见美国专利5,177,080)。本发明方法中可以使用的这些和其他HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂的结构式公开在M.Yalpani,″Cholesterol Lowering Drugs″,Chemistry &Industry,pp.85-89(52月1996)的第97页和美国专利4,782,084和4,885,314中。本文使用的术语HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂包括所述化合物的具有HMG-CoA还原酶抑制活性的所有药学可接受内酯和开环酸形式(即,其中内酯环打开形成游离酸)以及盐和酯,并且由此这些盐、酯、开环酸和内酯形式的应用属于本发明的范围内。内酯部分及其相应开环酸形式的举例如结构I和II所示。
在其中开环酸形式可能存在的HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂中,从开环酸可能优先生成盐和酯形式,并且所有的形式概括在本文使用的术语″HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂″的含义内。优选地,该HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂选自洛伐他汀和辛伐他汀,并且最优选辛伐他汀。文中,有关HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂的术语″药学可接受盐″应是指本发明所用化合物的无毒盐,它们一般是通过游离酸与适当有机或无机碱反应来制备的,特别是那些形成阳离子的盐,例如钠、钾、铝、钙、锂、镁、锌和四甲基铵,以及那些从胺形成的盐,例如氨、乙二胺、N-甲基葡糖胺,赖氨酸,精氨酸,鸟氨酸,胆碱,N,N′-联苄基乙二胺,氯普鲁卡因,二乙醇胺,普鲁卡因,N-苄基苯乙基胺,1-p-氯苄基-2-吡咯烷-1′-基-甲基苯并咪唑,二乙胺,哌嗪和三(羟基甲基)氨基甲烷。HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂的盐形式的其他实例可以包括,但不限于,乙酸盐,苯磺酸盐,苯甲酸盐,碳酸氢盐,硫酸氢盐,酒石酸氢盐,硼酸盐,溴化物,乙底酸钙,camsylate,碳酸盐,氯化物,棒酸盐,柠檬酸盐,二氢氯化物,乙底酸盐,edisylate,estolate,esylate,富马酸盐,gluceptate,葡糖酸盐,谷氨酸盐,乙醇酰基对氨酸苯胂酸盐,己基间苯二酚,hydrab胺,氢溴化物,盐酸盐,羟基萘甲酸盐,碘化物,isothionate,乳酸盐,乳糖酸盐,月桂酸盐,苹果酸盐,马来酸盐,扁桃酸盐,甲磺酸盐,甲基硫酸盐,粘酸盐,napsylate,硝酸盐,油酸盐,草酸盐,扑酸盐,棕榈酸盐,panthothenate,磷酸盐/磷酸氢盐,聚半乳糖醛酸盐,水杨酸盐,硬脂酸盐,碱式醋酸盐,琥珀酸盐,鞣酸盐,酒石酸盐,teoclate,甲苯磺酸盐,triethiodide,和戊酸盐。
所述HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂化合物的酯衍生物可以起前药的作用,当被吸收到温血动物的血流内时,他可以以释放除药物形式的方式裂解丙允许药物产生改进的治疗功效。
″异戊烯-蛋白质转移酶抑制剂″是指抑制一种或异戊烯-蛋白质转移酶的任意组合的化合物,包括法呢基-蛋白质转移酶(FPTase),香叶基香叶基-蛋白质转移酶I型(GGPTase-I)和香叶基香叶基-蛋白质转移酶II型(GPTase-II,也称作RabGGPTase)。异戊烯-蛋白质转移酶抑制化合物的实例包括(±)-6-[氨基(4-氯苯基)(1-甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基)甲基]-4-(3-氯苯基)-1-甲基-2(1H)-喹啉酮,(-)-6-[氨基(4-氯苯基)(1-甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基)甲基]-4-(3-氯苯基)-1-甲基-2(1H)-喹啉酮,(+)-6-[氨基(4-氯苯基)(1-甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基)甲基]-4-(3-氯苯基)-1-甲基-2(1H)-喹啉酮,5(S)-正丁基-(2,3-二甲基苯基)-4-[1-(4-氰基苄基)-5-咪唑基甲基]-2-哌嗪酮,(S)-1-(3-氯苯基)-4-[1-(4-氰基苄基)-5-咪唑基甲基]-5-[2-(乙磺酰基)甲基]-2-哌嗪酮,5(S)-正丁基-(2-甲基苯基)-4-[1-(4-氰基苄基)-5-咪唑基甲基]-2-哌嗪酮,1-(3-氯苯基)-4-[1-(4-氰基苄基)-2-甲基-5-咪唑基甲基]-2-哌嗪酮,1-(2,2-联苯基乙基)-3-[N-(1-(4-氰基苄基)-1H-咪唑-5-基乙基)氨基甲酰基]哌啶,4-{5-[4-羟甲基-4-(4-氯吡啶-2-基甲基)-哌啶-1-基甲基]-2-甲基咪唑-1-基甲基}苯甲腈,4-{5-[4-羟甲基-4-(3-氯苄基)-哌啶-1-基甲基]-2-甲基咪唑-1-基甲基}苯甲腈,4-{3-[4-(2-氧代-2H-吡啶-1-基)苄基]-3H-咪唑-4-基甲基}苯甲腈,4-{3-[4-(5-氯-2-氧代-2H-[1,2’]联吡啶-5’-基)-3H-咪唑-4-基甲基}苯甲腈,4-{3-[4-2-氧代-2H-[1,2’]联吡啶-5’-基)-3H-咪唑-4-基甲基}苯甲腈,4-[3-(2-氧代-1-二氢吡啶-4-基甲基)-3H-咪唑-4-基甲基]苯甲腈,18,19-二氢-19-氧代-5H,17H-6,10,12,16-二甲雄烯(dimetheno)-1H-咪唑[4,3-c][1,11,4]二氧杂氮杂环-nonadecine-9-甲腈,(±)-19,20-二氢-19-氧代-5H-18,21-乙烷并(ethano)-12,14-乙烯并(etheno)-6,10-甲烯-22H-苯并[d]咪唑并[4,3-k][1,6,9,12]氧杂三氮杂-环octadecine-9-甲腈,19,20-二氢-19-氧代-5H,17H-18,21-乙烷并(ethano)-6,10:12,16-二甲烯-22H-咪唑并[3,4-h][1,8,11,14]氧杂三氮杂-环eicosine-9-甲腈,和(±)-19,20-二氢-3-甲基-19-氧代-5H-18,21-乙烷并(ethano)-12,14-乙烯并(etheno)-6,10-甲烯-22H-苯并[d]咪唑并[4,3-k][1,6,9,12]氧杂-三氮杂环octadecine-9-甲腈。
异戊烯蛋白转移酶抑制剂的其他实例可参见下列文献和专利:WO96/30343,WO 97/18813,WO 97/21701,WO 97/23478,WO97/38665,WO 98/28980,WO 98/29119,WO 95/32987,美国专利5,420,245,美国专利5,523,430,美国专利5,532,359,美国专利5,510,510,美国专利5,589,485,美国专利5,602,098,欧洲专利公告0 618221,欧洲专利公告0 675 112,欧洲专利公告0 604 191,欧洲专利公告0 696 593,WO 9419357,WO 95/08542,WO 95/11917M WO95/12612,WO 95/12572,WO 95/10514,美国专利5,661,152,WO95/10515,WO 95/24612,WO 95/34851,WO 96/30017,WO 96/30018,WO 96/30362,WO 96/30363,WO 96/31111,WO 96/31477,WO96/31478,WO 96/31501,WO 97/00252,WO 9703050,WO 97/04785,WO 97/02920,WO97/17070,WO97/23478,WO97/26246,WO97/30053,WO97/44350,WO98/02436,和美国专利5,532,359。
对于血管生成的异戊烯-蛋白质转移酶抑制剂的实例参见European J.of Cancer,Vol.35,No.9,pp.1394-1401(1999)。
HIV蛋白酶抑制剂的实例包括安泼那韦,阿波卡韦,CGP-73547,CGP-61755,DMP-450,吲哚那韦,奈非那韦,替普那韦,利托那韦,沙喹那韦,ABT-378,AG 1776,和BMS-232,632。反转录酶抑制剂的实例包括地拉韦定,依非韦伦,GS-840,HB Y097,拉米呋定,奈韦拉平,AZT,3TC,ddC,和ddI。
″血管生成抑制剂″是指无论机理如何抑制新血管形成的化合物。血管生成抑制剂的化合物包括,但不限于,酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,例如酪氨酸激酶受体Flt-1(VEGFR1])和Flk-1/KDR(VEGFR20)的抑制剂,表皮衍化的、成纤维细胞衍化的或血小板衍化的生长因子的抑制剂,MMP(基质金属蛋白酶)抑制剂,整联蛋白阻断剂,干扰素-α,白介素-12,戊聚糖多硫酸酯,环加氧酶抑制剂,包括非甾类抗炎药物(NSAIDs)如阿司匹林和布洛芬以及选择性环加氧酶-2抑制剂如塞来昔布和洛芬昔布(PNAS,Vol.89,p.7384(1992);JNCI,Vol.69,p.475(1982);Arch.Opthalmol.,Vol.108,p.573(1990);Anat.Rec.,Vol.238,p.68(1994);FEBS Letters,Vol.372,p.83(1995);Clin,Orthop.Vol.313,p.76(1995);J.Mol.Endoerinol.,Vol.16,p.107(1996);Jpn.J.Pharmacol.,Vol.75,p.105(1997);CancerRes.,Vol.57,p.1625(1997);Cell,Vol.93,p.705(1998);Intl.J.Mol.Med.,Vol.2,p.715(1998);J.Biol.Chem.,Vol.274,p.9116(1999)),羧酰胺基三唑,combretastatin A-4,squal胺,6-O-氯乙酰基-羰基)-烟曲霉醇,沙利度胺,制管张素,肌钙蛋白-1,血管紧张素II拮抗剂(参见Fernandez等,J.Lab.Clin.Med.105:141-145(1985)),和VEGF的抗体(参见,Nature Biotechnology,Vol.17,pp.963-968(October 1999);Kim等,Nature,362,841-844(1993);WO00/44777;和WO00/61186)。
如上所述,与NSAID的组合涉及NSAID的应用,其是有效的COX-2抑制剂。出于本说明书的目的,如果利用本文所述的细胞或微粒体试验测定对COX-2的抑制作用具有等于或小于1μm的IC50,则该NSAID有效。本发明还包括与是选择性COX-2抑制剂的NSAID的组合。出于本说明书的目的,作为COX-2的选择性抑制剂的NSAID被定义为具有对COX-2的抑制作用高于对COX-1的至少100倍的特异性的化合物,这是通过下文所述细胞或微粒体试验中评估的对COX-2的IC50与对COX-2的IC50的比率测定的。此类化合物包括,但不限于下列公开的那些:美国专利5,474,995,授权于1995年12月12日,美国专利5,861,419,授权于1999年1月19日,美国专利6,001,843,授权于1999年12月14日,美国专利6,020,343,授权于2000年2月1日,美国专利5,409,944,授权于1995年4月25日,美国专利5,436,265,授权于1995年7月25日,美国专利5,536,752,授权于1996年7月16,美国专利5,550,142,授权于1996年8月27日,美国专利5,604,260,授权于1997年2月18日,美国专利5,698,584,授权于1997年12月16日,美国专利5,710,140,授权于1998年1月20日,WO 94/15932,公开于1994年7月21,美国专利5,344,991,授权于1994年6月6日,美国专利5,134,142,授权于1992年6月28日,美国专利5,380,738,授权于1995年1月10日,美国专利5,393,790,授权于1995年2月20,美国专利5,466,823,授权于1995年11月14日,美国专利5,633,272,授权于1997年5月27日,和美国专利5,932,598,授权于1999年8月3日,上述文献均在此引入作为参考。
COX-2的抑制剂特别适用于本发明的治疗方法中的是:
3-苯基-4-(4-(甲基磺酰基)苯基)-2-(5H)-呋喃酮;和
5-氯-3-(4-甲基磺酰基)苯基-2-(2-甲基-5-吡啶基)吡啶;
或其药学可接受盐。
制备上述COX-2抑制剂化合物的通用和具体合成方法参见美国专利5,474,995,授权于1995年12月12日,美国专利5,861,419,授权于1999年1月19日,和美国专利6,001,843,授权于1999年12月14日,上述文献均引入作为参考。
已经被认为是COX-2的特异性抑制剂并因此适用于本发明的化合物包括,但不限于,下列:
或其药学可接受盐。
已经被认为是COX-2的特异性抑制剂并因此适用于本发明的化合物,及其合成方法,可以参见下列专利、待决申请和文献中,其在此引入作为参考:WO 94/15932,公开于1994年6月21日,美国专利5,344,991,授权于1994年7月6日,美国专利5,134,142,授权于1992年6月28日,美国专利5,380,738,授权于1995年1月10日,美国专利5,393,790,授权于1995年2月20日,美国专利5,466,823,授权于1995年11月14日,美国专利5,633,272,授权于1997年5月27日,和美国专利5,932,598,授权于1999年8月3日。
被认为是COX-2的特异性抑制剂并因此适用于本发明的化合物,及其合成方法,可以参见下列专利、待决申请和文献中,其在此引入作为参考:美国专利5,474,995授权于1995年12月12日,美国专利5,861,419,授权于1999年1月19日,美国专利6,001,843,授权于1999年12月14日,美国专利6,020,343,授权于2000年2月1日,美国专利5,409,944,授权于1995年4月25日,美国专利5,436,265,授权于1995年6月25日,美国专利5,536,752,授权于1996年6月16日,美国专利5,550,142,授权于1996年8月27日,美国专利5,604,260,授权于1997年2月18日,美国专利5,698,584,授权于1997年12月16日,和美国专利5,710,140,授权于1998年1月20日。
血管生成抑制剂的其他实例包括,但不限于,endostation,ukrain,ranpirnase,IM862,5-甲氧基-4-[2-甲基-3-(3-甲基-2-丁烯基)环氧乙烷基]-1-氧杂螺[2,5]辛-6-基(氯乙酰基)氨基甲酸酯,乙酰基dinanaline,5-氨基-1-[[3,5-二氯-4-(4-氯苯甲酰基)苯基]甲基]-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-甲酰胺,CM101,squal胺,combretastatin,RPI4610,NX31838,硫酸化甘露戊糖磷酸盐,7,7-(羰基-二[亚氨基-N-甲基-4,2-吡咯并羰基-亚氨基[N-甲基-4,2-吡咯]-羰基亚氨基]-二-(1,3-萘二磺酸酯),和3-[(2,4-二甲基吡咯基-5-基)亚甲基]-2-二氢吲哚酮(SU5416)。
如上所述,″整联蛋白阻断剂″是指选择性拮抗、抑制或阻碍生理配体与αvβ3整联蛋白结合的化合物,是指选择性拮抗、抑制或阻碍生理配体与αvβ5整联蛋白结合的化合物,是指选择性拮抗、抑制或阻碍生理配体与αvβ3整联蛋白和αvβ5整联蛋白两者结合的化合物,和是指拮抗、抑制或阻碍表达甾毛细管内皮细胞上的特定整联蛋白的活性的化合物。该术语还是指αvβ6,αvβ8,α1β1,α2β1,α5β1,α6β1和α6β4整联蛋白。术语还是指αvβ3,αvβ5,αvβ6,αvβ8,α1β1,α2β1,α5β1,α6β1和α6β4整联蛋白的任意组合。
酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的一些具体实例包括N-(三氟甲基苯基)-5-甲基异噁唑-4-甲酰胺,3-[(2,4-二甲基吡咯基-5-剂)亚甲基)吲哚啉-2-酮,17-(烯丙基氨基)-17-脱甲氧基格尔德霉素,4-(3-氯-4-氟苯基氨基)-7-甲氧基-6-[3-(4-吗啉基)丙氧基]喹唑啉,N-(3-乙炔基苯基)-6,7-二(2-甲氧基乙氧基)-4-喹唑啉胺,BIBX1382,2,3,9,10,11,12-六氢-10-(羟基甲基)-10-羟基-9-甲基-9,12-环氧-1H-二吲哚并[1,2,3-fg:3′,2′,1′-kl]吡咯并[3,4-i][1,6]苯并二氮杂环辛间四烯-1-酮,SH268,染料木素,STI571,CEP2563,4-(3-氯苯基氨基)-5,6-二甲基-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶甲磺酸酯,4-(3-溴-4-羟基苯基)氨基-6,7-二甲氧基喹唑啉e,4-(4′-羟基苯基)氨基-6,7-二甲氧基喹唑啉e,SU6668,STI571A,N-4-氯苯基-4-(4-吡啶基甲基)-1-酞嗪胺,和EMD121974。
本发明的化合物还可以单独或与血小板纤维蛋白原受体(GPIIb/IIIa)拮抗剂,例如替罗非班联合,用于抑制癌细胞的迁移。肿瘤细胞可以经凝血酶生成大量激活血小板。这种激活作用与VEGF的释放有关。VEGF的释放通过增加粘附点向血管内皮外渗来增强迁移作用(Amirkhosravi,Platelets 10,285-292,1999)。所以,本发明的化合物可以单独或者与GP IIb/IIIa)拮抗剂联合使用发挥抑制迁移的作用。其他纤维蛋白原受体拮抗剂的实例包括阿昔单抗,表非替得,sibrafiban,拉米非班,lotrafiban,cromofiban,和CT50352。
制剂
本发明的化合物可以单独或者,优选地结合药学可接受载体、赋形剂或稀释剂,任选地与已知辅剂如明矾一起,成为一种药物组合物,按照标准药学实践,施用给哺乳动物,优选是人体。所述的化合物可以经口服或经非肠道给药,包括静脉内、肌肉内、腹膜内、皮下、直肠和/或局部途径给药。
如果配制为固定剂量,该采用本发明化合物的联合产品是甾下述的剂量范围内并且其他药学活性剂也介于其被批准的剂量范围内。当组合制剂不适宜时,本发明的化合物可以与已知的药学可接受试剂依次使用。
口服使用的制剂也可以作为硬明胶胶囊存在,其中活性成分与惰性固体稀释剂混和,该惰性固体稀释剂例如,碳酸钙、磷酸钙或高岭土,或作为软明胶胶囊,其中该活性成分与水可溶性载体例如聚乙二醇或油介质例如花生油,液体石蜡或橄榄油混和。
对于本发明化合物的口服应用,特别对于化疗而言,所选化合物可以以例如片剂或胶囊的形式,或作为水溶液或混悬液的形式给药。在口服使用片剂的情况中,常用的载体包括乳糖和玉米淀粉,并且通常加入润滑剂,例如硬脂酸镁。对于胶囊形式的口服给药,适用的稀释剂包括乳糖和干燥玉米淀粉。当需要水混悬液口服使用时,活性成分与乳化剂和助悬剂混和。如果需要,可以加入某些甜味剂和/或矫味剂。为了肌肉内、腹膜内、皮下和静脉内使用,通常制备活性成分的灭菌溶液,并且该溶液的pH应当进行适当调整和缓冲。为了静脉内使用,溶质的总浓度应受到控制,从而使制剂等渗。
含水混悬液含有与适合制备水混悬液的赋形剂混和在一起的活性物质。该赋形剂为助悬剂,例如羧甲基纤维素钠,甲基纤维素,羟丙基甲基-纤维素,藻酸钠,聚乙烯-吡咯烷酮,黄芪胶和阿拉伯胶;分散或湿润剂可以是天然磷脂,例如卵磷脂,或烯化氧与脂肪酸的缩合产物,例如聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯,或环氧乙烷和长链脂肪醇例如十七碳乙烯-氧基鲸蜡醇的缩合产物,或环氧乙烷与衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇的偏酯的缩合产物,例如聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇一油酸酯,或环氧乙烷与衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇酐的偏酯的缩合产物,例如聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇一油酸酯。含水混悬液还可以含有一种或多种防腐剂,例如对羟基苯甲酸乙酯或正丙酯,一种或多种着色剂,一种或多种矫味剂,和一种或多种甜味剂,例如蔗糖,糖精或天冬甜素。
油性混悬液可以通过将活性成分悬浮在植物油,例如花生油、橄榄油、芝麻油或椰子油或矿物油例如液体石蜡中来配制。油性混悬液可以含有增稠剂,例如蜂蜡,硬石蜡或鲸蜡醇。甜味剂例如上述那些,和可以加入矫味剂以提供可口的口服制剂。这些组合物可以通过加入抗氧剂来防腐,例如丁基羟基苯甲醚或α-生育酚。
适合通过加入水制成水混悬液的可分散粉末和颗粒是将活性成分与分散或湿润剂、混悬剂和一种或多种防腐剂混和。适当的分散或湿润剂和助悬剂例如上述已经提及的那些。其他赋形剂例如甜味剂、矫味剂和着色剂也可以存在。这些组合物可以通过加入抗氧剂例如抗坏血酸防腐。
本发明的药物组合物还可以是水包油乳液的形式。油相可以是植物油,例如橄榄油或花生油,或矿物油,例如液体石蜡,磷脂类,例如大豆卵磷脂,和衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇酐的酯或偏酯,例如脱水山梨糖醇一油酸酯,该偏酯与环氧乙烷的缩合产物,例如聚氧化乙烯脱水山梨糖醇一油酸酯。乳液还可以含有甜味剂、矫味剂、防腐剂和抗氧剂。
糖浆剂和酏剂可以配制为甜味剂,例如甘油,丙二醇,山梨糖醇或蔗糖。此类制剂还可以含有缓和剂、防腐剂、矫味剂和着色剂和抗氧剂。
该药物组合物可以是灭菌可注射水溶液的形式。在可接受载体和溶剂酯可以使用的是水、林格氏溶液和等渗氯化钠溶液。
灭菌可注射制剂还可以是一种灭菌可注射水包油微乳液,其中该活性成分溶于油相内。例如,活性成分首先可以溶解在大豆油和卵磷脂的混和物中。该油溶液随后被加入到水和甘油混和物中并处理形成微乳液。
可注射溶液或微乳液可以通过局部快速浓注被引入到患者的血液内。或者,可以优选将溶液或微乳液以维持本发明化合物恒定循环浓度的方式给药。为了维持恒定浓度,可以采用连续静脉内给药装置。该装置的实例是Deltec CADD-PLUSTM 5400型静脉内泵。
该药物组合物可以是用于肌肉内和皮下给药的灭菌可注射水或油型混悬液的形式。该混悬液可以按照已知技术利用适当的分散剂或水溶液和助悬剂来配制,如上所述。灭菌可注射制剂还可以是存在于无毒非肠道可接受稀释剂或溶剂中的灭菌溶液或混悬液,例如存在于1,3-丁二醇中的溶液。此外,灭菌、非挥发性油通常用作溶剂或助悬介质。出于此目的,可以使用任何系列的非挥发性油,包括合成甘油一-或二酯。此外,脂肪酸例如油酸可以用于可注射剂的制备中。
式I的化合物还可以以栓剂的形式用于药物的直肠给药。这些组合物可以通过将药物与适当无刺激赋形剂混和制成,所述的无刺激赋形剂在常温下为固体而在直肠温度下为液体并由此在直肠内融化释放药物。该物质包括可可脂,甘油化明胶,氢化植物油,不同分子量的聚乙二醇的混和物和聚乙二醇的脂肪酸酯。
为了局部使用,可以采用含有式I化合物的霜剂、软膏、凝胶、溶液或混悬液等。(出于本申请的目的,局部施用硬包括口腔清洗剂和含漱剂)。
本发明的化合物可以以鼻内形式经局部使用适当鼻内载体和给药装置给药,或者经透皮途径给药,采用本领域普通技术人员熟知的透皮贴剂的形式给药。为了以透皮给药体系的形式给药,显然,剂量给药应当连续而不是在剂量方案中间断。本发明的化合物还可以作为栓剂、采用基质如可可脂、甘油化明胶、氢化植物油、不同分子量的聚乙二醇的混和物和聚乙二醇的脂肪酸酯给药。
当本发明的化合物施用到人体对象中时,日剂量一般可以由主治医生判断,并且该剂量一般根据患者个体的年龄、体重和反应以及患者症状的严重性来判断。
在一个举例应用中,将适量的化合物施用给解释癌症治疗的哺乳动物。给药的量在约0.1mg/kg体重-约60mg/kg体重/天的范围内,优选0.5mg/kg体重-约40mg/kg体重/天。
除了文献中已知的其他标准技术或试验方法中例举的以外,本发明的化合物可以通过下列路线所示的反应来制备。这些路线不对所述化合物构成限定,也不对所用特定取代基构成限定,仅仅是举例说明的目的。合成路线中所示的取代基编号不一定与权利要求书中所用的有关。
路线1详细描述了吡咯2的合成。所需β-酮基酯中间体1的示例合成方法采用Yonemitsu,等(JOC(1978)Vol.43,2087-2088)的方法。
路线1
路线2
路线3
路线4
路线5
实施例
提供的实施例用于帮助进一步理解本发明。采用的具体材料、物质和调节是举例说明本发明且不对本发明的合理范围构成限定。
实施例1
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-碘-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
步骤A:5-(1-羟基亚丙基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二噁烷-4,6-二酮
将Meldrum氏酸(10g,69.4mmol)在CH2Cl2(170mL)中的溶液冷却至0℃。腈注射器加入吡啶(11.2ml,138.8mmmol)和丙酰氯(10.1mL,76.3mmol)。所得溶液在0℃下搅拌1小时,随后升至室温和搅拌1小时。该反应用CH2Cl2稀释并用HCl水溶液(15mL浓HCl在200mL水中,1x)和水(1x)洗涤。有机溶液用Na2SO4干燥且浓缩得到深红色固体。
步骤B:3-氧代戊酸叔丁酯
5-(1-羟基亚丙基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二噁烷-4,6-二酮(18.2g,69.4mmol)、tBuOH(19.9ml,208mmol)和苯(400ml)的溶液加热回流6小时。真空浓缩得到红色液体。
步骤C:3-乙基-5-甲基-1H-吡咯-2,4-二羧酸4-苄基酯2-叔丁基酯
3-氧代戊酸叔丁酯(69.4mmol)在AcOH(44mL)中的向14℃溶液内经套管加入存在于12mLH2O中的NaNO2(4.55g,65.9mmol)。加入的速率控制在使稳定维持在20℃以下。所得橙褐色溶液在室温下搅拌过夜,随后经套管加入到3-氧代丁酸苄酯(9.7ml,76.3mmol)、NH4OAc(13.4g,173.5mmol)和Zn(14.1g,215.1mmol)在26mLAcOH中的混和物内。加入的速率控制在使稳定维持在55-70℃。将所得混悬液搅拌过夜。加入150mL的冰水,过滤该混悬液。固体用CH2Cl2彻底洗涤,随后分离水溶液冰用CH2Cl2洗涤1次。合并的有机溶液用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤(2x),此后用Na2SO4干燥和浓缩。通过快速色谱纯化得到白色固体。
步骤D:3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2,4-二羧酸4-苄基酯2-叔丁基酯
用套管一次性向3-乙基-5-甲基-1H-吡咯-2,4-二羧酸4-苄基酯2-叔丁基酯(2.75mmol)在THF(32mL)、AcOH(40mL)和H2O(32mL)中的溶液内加入CAN。该反应在室温下搅拌4小时,随后倾入水(500mL)和用CH2Cl2萃取(3×100mL)。合并的有机溶液用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤(1×200mL),用Na2SO4干燥和浓缩。快速色谱纯化得到白色固体。HRMS(ES)精确质量C20H23NO5(M+H+):计算值358.1649。实测值(M+Na+):380.1478
步骤E:5-(叔丁氧基羰基)4-乙基-2-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-3-羧酸
向3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2,4-二羧酸4-苄基酯2-叔丁基酯(1.316g,3.682mmol)在乙醇(15.0mL)中的溶液内加入10%碳载钯(1.300g,3.68mmol)和1,4-环己二烯(3.50mL,36.82mmol)。该反应在N2下搅拌2小时,之后经Celite垫过滤。滤液用50mL的乙酸乙酯洗涤且真空浓缩合并的有机物。所得残余物通过制备反相HPLC纯化。产物的质子NMR于标题化合物的吻合。1H NMR(500MHz,CD3OD)δ10.23(s,1H);3.10(q,J=7.3Hz,2I;1.61(s,9H);1.16(t,J=7.3Hz,3H)。HRMS(ES)精确质谱C13H17NNaO5(M+Na+):
计算值290.1001。实测值290.1001。
步骤F:3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-碘-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
向5-(叔丁氧基羰基)-4-乙基-2-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-3-羧酸(0.548g,2.05mmol)在CH2Cl2(8.30mL)中的溶液内加入存在于水(8.2mL)中的NaHCO3(0.691g,8.21mmol)溶液。该混和物在加入KI(1.021g,6.15mmol)和I2(0.570g,2.23mmol)在水中(11.15mL)的溶液的过程中剧烈搅拌。所得化合物加热至45℃共60分钟直至初始的红色/褐色退色为止。将该反应冷却至室温和用饱和Na2SO3水溶液(25ml)终止,之后分离各相。水层用CH2Cl2(1×30mL)萃取。合并的有机层用Na2SO4干燥,过滤和浓缩。所得残余物通过正相色谱纯化(10-30%乙酸乙酯/己烷)。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。1H NMR(500MHz,CD3OD)δ9.59(s,1H);2.77(q,J=7.6Hz,2H);1.60(s,9H);1.10(t,J=7.6Hz,3H).HRMS(ES)精确质量C12H16INNaO3(M+Na+):计算值372.0072。实测值372.0067。
实施例2
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(吡啶-2-基乙炔基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-碘-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯按照实施例1的方法获得。Pd(Pt-Bu3)2(7.0mg,0.010mmol),Pd2(dba)3(6.0mg,0.010mmol)和CuI(2.0mg,0.010mmol)在干燥烧瓶内N2下混和,之前将烧瓶抽空冰充入氩气。向烧瓶加入二噁烷(2.0mL)后,喷入氩气,随后依次加入i-Pr2NEt(0.0259mL,0.19mmol),3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-碘-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯(56.0mg,0.16mmol)在二噁烷(1.0mL)中的溶液,和2-乙炔基吡啶(0.0194mL,0.19mmol)。将该反应加热至80℃直至起始原料完全消耗掉。使该反应冷却至室温后,经硅胶塞过滤且真空浓缩。所得残余物溶液乙腈并通过反相HPLC纯化。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ10.23(s,1H);3.10(q,J=7.3Hz,2H);1.61(s,9H);1.16(t,J=7.3Hz,3H).HRMS(ES)精确质量C21H21F3N2O5(M+H):计算值325.1547.实测值325.1549。
实施例3
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(6-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-碘-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯按照实施例1所述方法制得。向溴(6-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)锌(0.076g,0.30mmol)在THF(0.6mL)和N-甲基吡咯烷(0.44mL)中的溶液内在氩气下加入Pd(Pt-Bu3)2(0.002g,0.0032mmol)和3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-碘-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯(0.070g,0.20mmol)。将该反应加热至100℃和氩气下回流20小时。冷却至室温后,该反应经硅胶垫过滤和浓缩。所得残余物通过正相色谱纯化(5-15%乙酸乙酯/己烷)。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.86(s,1H);7.66(t,J=7.8Hz,1H);7.02(d,J=7.1Hz,1H);6.76(d,J=8.3Hz,1I-;3.95(s,3H);2.90(q,J=7.3Hz,2H);1.61(s,9H);1.23(t,J=7.3Hz,3H).HRMS(ES)精确质量C18H23N2O4(M+H+):计算值331.1656.实测值331.1656。
实施例4
4-(1-苯并呋喃-2-基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-碘-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯按照实施例1所述方法制得。向3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-碘-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯(0.0597g,0.172mmol)、K3PO4(0.180g,0.85mmol)、Pd(PPh3)4(0.0120g,0.010mmol)和1-苯并呋喃-2-基硼酸(0.0330g,0.21mmol)的混和物中N2下加入二甲氧基乙烷(2.5mL)。将该反应加热至85℃并回流5小时。冷却至室温后,该反应经硅胶垫过滤和浓缩。所得残余物通过正相色谱纯化(5-15%乙酸乙酯/己烷)。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合,其阻转非对映异构体的为2∶1混和物。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ10.17(s,0.7H);9.59(s,0.3H);7.64(app.d,J=7.6Hz,1H);7.52(app.d,J=8.1Hz,1H);7.34(app.t,J=7.7Hz,1H);7.28(app.t,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.92(s,0.7H);6.80(s,0.3H);3.00(q,J=7.3Hz,1.4H);2.79(q,J=7.5Hz,0.6H);1.62(s,6.3H);1.59(s,2.7H);1.28(t,J=7.3Hz,2.1H);1.23(t,J=7.6Hz,0.9H)。
*HRMS(ES)精确质量C20H21NNaO4(M+Na+):计算值362.1362.实测值362.1362。
实施例5
4-(3,5-二甲基异噁唑-4-基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
按照实施例4所述的方法,1-苯并呋喃-2-基硼酸用3,5-二甲基-异噁唑-4-硼酸代替,得到标题化合物。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。HRMS(ES)精确质量C19H23F3N2O6(M+H+):计算值319.1653.实测值319.1653。
实施例6
4-(4-氟苯基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
按照实施例4所述的方法,1-苯并呋喃-2-基硼酸用4-氟苯基硼酸代替,得到标题化合物。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。HRMS(ES)精确质量C18H20FNNaO3(M+Na+):计算值340.1318.实测值340.1319。
实施例7
4-(4-氯苯基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
按照实施例4所述的方法,1-苯并呋喃-2-基硼酸用4-氯苯基硼酸代替,得到标题化合物。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。HRMS(ES)精确质量C18H20ClNNaO3(M+Na+):计算值356.1023.实测值356.1023。
实施例8
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(5-甲酰基-2-呋喃基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
按照实施例4所述的方法,1-苯并呋喃-2-基硼酸用5-甲酰基-2-呋喃基硼酸代替,得到标题化合物。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ10.11(s,1H);9.69(s,1H);7.37(dd,J=3.7,0.7Hz,1H);6.75(dd,J=3.7,0.7Hz,1H);2.96(q,J=7.6Hz,2H);1.62(s,9H);1.24(t,J=7.6Hz,3H).HRMS(ES)精确质量C17H19NNaO5(M+Na+):计算值340.1156.实测值340.1156。
实施例9
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-苯基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
按照实施例4所述的方法,1-苯并呋喃-2-基硼酸用苯基硼酸代替,得到标题化合物。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.43(s,1H);7.34-7.47(m,5H);2.71(q,J=7.3Hz,2H);1.61(s,9H);1.12(t,J=7.3Hz,3H)。HRMS(ES)精确质量C18H22NO3(M+H+):计算值300.1594.实测值300.1595。
实施例10
4′-乙基-2′-甲酰基-1H,1′H-2,3′-联吡咯-1,5′-二羧酸二(叔丁基)酯
按照实施例4所述的方法,1-苯并呋喃-2-基硼酸用1-(叔丁氧基羰基)吡咯-2-硼酸代替,得到标题化合物。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。HRMS(ES)精确质量C21H29N2O5(M+W):计算值389.2071.实测值389.2073。
实施例11
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(2-甲酰基噻吩-3-基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
按照实施例4所述的方法,1-苯并呋喃-2-基硼酸用2-甲酰基-3-噻吩硼酸代替。得到标题化合物。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.68(s,1H);9.39(s,1H);7.85(d,J=4.9Hz,1H);7.16(d,J=4.9Hz,1H);2.75(m,1H);2.60(m,1H);1.62(s,9H);1.05(t,J=7.6Hz,3H).HRMS(ES)精确质量C17H20NO4S(M+H+):计算值334.1108.实测值334.1138。
实施例12
4-(4-氰基苯基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
按照实施例4所述的方法,1-苯并呋喃-2-基硼酸用4-氰基苯基硼酸代替,得到标题化合物。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。HRMS(ES)精确质量C18H20N2NaO3(M+Na+):计算值347.1366.实测值347.1366。
实施例13
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-甲基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸乙酯
向3-乙基-4,5-二甲基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸乙酯(Salor-Aldrich)(0.0147g,0.077mmol)在乙酸(5mL)、THF(4mL)和水(4mL)中的溶液内加入硝酸氨高铈(0.169g,0.31mmol)并且将该反应室温下搅拌。1.5小时后,将该反应倾入水(10mL)并用CH2Cl2(3×5mL)萃取。合并的有机层用饱和NaHCO3洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤,和浓缩。所得残余物通过正相色谱纯化。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.78(s,1H);4.36(q,J=7.1Hz,2H);2.76(q,J=7.6Hz,2H);1.62(s,3H);1.38(t,J=7.1Hz,3H);1.13(t,J=7.6Hz,3H).HRMS(ES)精确质量C11H16NO3(M+H):计算值209.1052.实测值209.1050。
实施例14
3,4-二乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸乙酯
按照实施例13所述的方法,3-乙基4,5-二甲基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸乙酯用3,4-二乙基-5-甲基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸乙酯代替,得到标题化合物。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。HRMS(ES)精确质量C12H18NO3(M+H+):计算值223.1208.实测值223.1209。
实施例15
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(4-硝基苯基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
按照实施例4所述的方法,1-苯并呋喃-2-基硼酸用4-硝基苯基硼酸代替,得到标题化合物。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。HRMS(ES)精确质量C18H20NaN2O3(M+Na+):计算值367.1263.实测值367.1263。
实施例16
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-[4-(甲氧基羰基)苯基]-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
按照实施例4所述的方法,1-苯并呋喃-2-基硼酸用4-(甲氧基羰基)苯基硼酸代替,得到标题化合物。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。HRMS(ES)精确质量C20H24NO5(M+H+):计算值358.1647.实测值358.1647。
实施例17
4-(2-氰基苯基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
按照实施例4所述的方法,1-苯并呋喃-2-基硼酸用2-氰基苯基硼酸代替,得到标题化合物。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.34(s,1H);7.81(app.d,J=7.8Hz,1H);7.69(dt,J=1.0,7.8Hz,1H);7.55(t,J=7.8Hz,1H);7.45(d,J=7.8Hz,1H);2.74(m,1H);2.57(m,1H);1.62(s,9H);1.04(t,J=7.6Hz,3H)。HRMS(ES)精确质量C19H20N2NaO3(M+Na+):计算值347.1363.实测值347.1363。
实施例18
4-(3-氰基苯基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
按照实施例4所述的方法,1-苯并呋喃-2-基硼酸用3-氰基苯基硼酸代替,得到标题化合物。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。HRMS(ES)精确质量C19H20N2NaO3(M+Na+):计算值347.1366.实测值347.1370。
实施例19
4-(3-氯苯基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
按照实施例4所述的方法,1-苯并呋喃-2-基硼酸用3-氯苯基硼酸代替,得到标题化合物。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。HRMS(ES)精确质量C19H21N2O3(M+H):计算值334.1205.实测值334.1208。
实施例20
4-(2,6-二氟苯基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
按照实施例4所述的方法,1-苯并呋喃-2-基硼酸用2,6-二氟苯基硼酸代替,得到标题化合物。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.37(s,1H);6.95-7.05(m,3H);2.62(broad m,2H);1.61(s,9H);1.06(t,J=7.5Hz,3H).HRMS(ES)精确质量C18H19F2NNaO3(M+Na+):计算值358.1225.实测值358.1228。
实施例21
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
按照实施例4所述的方法,1-苯并呋喃-2-基硼酸用5-甲基-呋喃-2-硼酸代替,得到标题化合物。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。通过LC/MS(ESI)的精确质量C17H22NO4(M+H+):计算值304.1551.实测值:304.19。
实施例22
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(4-甲基苯基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
按照实施例4所述的方法,1-苯并呋喃-2-基硼酸用4-甲基苯基硼酸代替,得到标题化合物。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。HRMS(ES)精确质量C19H24NO3(M+H+):计算值314.1751.实测值314.1773。
实施例23
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(3-甲基苯基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
按照实施例4所述的方法,1-苯并呋喃-2-基硼酸用3-甲基苯基硼酸代替,得到标题化合物。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.44(s,1H);7.34(t,J=7.8Hz,1H);7.23(d,J=6.6Hz,1I-,7.14(m,2H);2.71(q,J=7.3,2H);2.42(s,3H);1.62(s,9H);1.12(t,J=7.3Hz,3H)。HRMS(ES)精确质量C19H24NO3(M+H+):计算值314.1751.实测值314.1768。
实施例24
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(2-甲基苯基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
按照实施例4所述的方法,1-苯并呋喃-2-基硼酸用2-甲基苯基硼酸代替,得到标题化合物。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。HRMS(ES)精确质量C18H24NO3(M+H+):计算值314.1751.实测值314.1761。
实施例25
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-噻吩-3-基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
按照实施例4所述的方法,1-苯并呋喃-2-基硼酸用3-噻吩硼酸代替,得到标题化合物。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。HRMS(ES)精确质量C16H20NO3S(M+H+):计算值306.1159.实测值306.1163。
实施例26
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-噻吩-2-基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
按照实施例4所述的方法,1-苯并呋喃-2-基硼酸用2-噻吩硼酸,得到标题化合物。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。HRMS(ES)精确质量C16H20NO3S(M+H+):计算值306.1159.实测值306.1141。
实施例27
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
按照实施例4所述的方法,1-苯并呋喃-2-基硼酸用4-甲氧基苯基硼酸代替,得到标题化合物。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。HRMS(ES)精确质量C19H24NO4(M+H+):计算值330.1700.实测值330.1712。
实施例28
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(3-甲氧基苯基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
按照实施例4所述的方法,1-苯并呋喃-2-基硼酸用3-甲氧基苯基硼酸代替,得到标题化合物。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。HRMS(ES)精确质量C19H24NO4(M+H+):计算值330.1700.实测值330.1715。
实施例29
按照实施例4所述的方法,1-苯并呋喃-2-基硼酸用2-甲氧基苯基硼酸代替,得到标题化合物。产物的质子NMR与标题化合物的吻合。HRMS(ES)精确质量C19H24NO4(M+H+):计算值330.1700.实测值330.1702。
试验
本发明上述实施例所述的化合物通过下列试验分析并发现具有激酶抑制活性。特别是,本发明的化合物抑制IGF-1R或胰岛素受体激酶活性并且IC50小于或等于约100μM。其他试验是文献酯已知的且很容易由本领域技术人员实施(参见例如,Dhanabal等,Cancer Res.59:189-197;Xin等,J.Biol.Chem.274:9116-9121;Sheu等,AnticancerRes.18:4435-4441;Ausprunk等,Dev.Biol.38:237-248;Gimbrone等,J.Natl.Cancer Inst.52:413-427;Nicosia等,In Vitro 18:538-549)。
IGF-1R激酶试验
IGF-1R受体激酶活性是通过将磷酸盐掺入到含有酪氨酸残基的肽底物中来制备。肽底物的磷酸化利用抗-IGF-1R和抗-磷酸酪氨酸抗体在HTRF(Homogeneous Time Resolved Fluorescence)检测系统内进行测定(Park,Y-W.,等Anal.Biochem.,(1999)269,94-104)。
材料
IGF-1R受体激酶结构域
人IGF-1R的细胞内激酶结构域被克隆为谷胱甘肽S-转移酶融合蛋白质。IGF-1R β-亚基氨基酸残基930-1337(编码体系如同perUllrich等,EMBO J.(1986)5,2503-2512)克隆在杆状病毒转移运载体pAcGHLT-A(BD-Pharmingen)内,使IGF-1R残基的N-末端融合于编码转移运载体pAcGHLT-A的GST结构域的C-末端。产生重组病毒且该融合蛋白质表达在SF-9昆虫细胞(BD-Pharmingen)内。霉通过谷胱甘肽琼脂糖柱的方式来纯化。
胰岛素受体激酶结构域
将人胰岛素受体的细胞内激酶结构域克隆为谷胱甘肽S-转移酶融合蛋白质。胰岛素受体β-亚基氨基酸残基941-1343(编码体系如同perUllrich等,Nature,(1985)313,756-761)克隆在杆状病毒转移运载体pAcGHLT-A(BD-Pharmingen)内,使IGF-1R残基的N-末端融合于编码转移运载体pAcGHLT-A的GST结构域的C-末端。产生重组病毒且该融合蛋白质表达在SF-9昆虫细胞(BD-Pharmingen)内。酶通过谷胱甘肽琼脂糖柱的方式来纯化.
昆虫细胞溶解缓冲液
10mM Tris pH7.5;130mM NaCl;2mM DTT;1%Triton X-100;10mMNaF;10mM NaPi;10mM NaPPi;1X蛋白酶抑制剂鸡尾酒(Pharmingen)。
洗涤缓冲液
磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS):137Mm NaCl,2.6mMKCl,10mM Na2HPO4,1.8mM KH2PO4,pH7.4;1mM DTT;1X蛋白酶抑制剂鸡尾酒
透析缓冲液
20mM Tris pH7.5;1mM DTT;200mMNaCI;0.05%Triton X-100和50%甘油
酶稀释缓冲液
50mM Tris pH7.5;1mM DTT;100mMNaCI;10%甘油;lmg/ml BSA
酶反应缓冲液
20mM Tris pH7.4;100mMNaCI;1mg/ml BSA;5mM MgCl2;2mMDTT
终止缓冲液
125mM Tris pH7.8;75mM EDTA;500mM KF;0.125%Triton X-100;1.25%BSA;60nM SA-XL665(Packard);300pM铕穴状化物标记的抗磷酸酪氨酸抗体(Eu-PY20)
肽底物
序列LCB-EQEDEPEGDYFEWLE-NH2;储备液为1mM溶解在DMSO中;在1X酶反应缓冲液中稀释至1μMdd 10X工作储备液。(LCB=氨基己酰基生物素)
ATP
储备液是0.5M ATP(Boehringer)pH7.4;储备液在酶反应缓冲液中稀释至40mM得到20X工作储备液
HEK-21细胞系
将人配体肾细胞(HEK-293)(ATCC)用含有完整IGF-1R编码序列的表达质粒来转染。选择抗生素后,通过蛋白质印迹分析法筛选对IGF-1R过度表达的克隆。一个被称作HEK-21的克隆被选择用于基于IGF-1R自磷酸化分析的细胞。
HEK细胞生长培养基
Dulbecco改进的Eagle氏培养基(DMEM),10%胎牛血清,1XPenn/Strep,1X谷氨酸,1X非必需氨基酸(全部得自Life Technologies)
细胞溶解缓冲液
50mM Tris-HCl pH7.4;150mMNaCI;1%Triton X-100(Sigma);1X哺乳动物蛋白酶抑制剂(Sigma);10mM NaF;1mM钒酸Na
蛋白质封阻缓冲液
20mM Tris-HCl pH8.0;150mMNaCI;5%BSA(Sigma);0.1%吐温20(Biorad)
方法
A.蛋白质纯化
草地夜蛾SF9细胞用编码GST-IGF-1Rβ-亚基或GST-InsR融合蛋白质的重组病毒转染为4病毒粒/细胞的MOI。使细胞在27℃下生长48小时,通过离心收获并用PBS洗涤1次。将细胞沉淀团在末次离心后冷冻在-70℃下。所有后续的纯化步骤是在4℃下进行。将10克冷冻细胞糊在90ml体积的昆虫细胞溶解缓冲液(BD-Pharmingen)中融化且保持在冰上,并且偶尔搅拌20分钟。将溶胞产物在12000g下离心除去细胞碎片。将溶胞上清液与45ml的谷胱甘肽琼脂糖珠(BD-Pharmingen)混和冰在4℃下缓慢搅拌1小时,此后离心该琼脂糖珠并用3X洗涤缓冲液洗涤。该珠子重新悬浮在45ml的洗涤缓冲液内且以浆液形式倾入色谱柱。该色谱柱用5体积的洗涤缓冲液洗涤且用含5mM谷胱甘肽的洗涤缓冲液洗脱出柱内的GST-IGF-1R。合并的馏分相对于透析缓冲液透析并储存在-20℃下。
B.IGF-1R激酶试验
IGF-1R酶反应在96孔平板格内进行。该酶反应是由酶反应缓冲液加0.1nM GST-IGF-1R,100nM肽底物和2mM ATP以60微升的终体积组成。存在于DMSO中的抑制剂被加入到1微升的体积内且在22℃下预培养10分钟。终抑制剂浓度可以在100uM-1nM的范围内。该激酶反应用3微升的40mM ATP引发。22℃下20分钟后,该反应用40微升终止缓冲液停止且允许在22℃下平衡2小时。用Discovery平板读数器(Packard)读取相对荧光单位。化合物的IC50是由4点乙状曲线拟合测定的。
C.胰岛素受体激酶试验
胰岛素受体的激酶反应预分析IGF-1R所用的相同(上文),除GST-InsR被替换为终浓度为0.1nM之外。
D.细胞基础的IGF-1R自磷酸化试验
测试IGF-1R抑制化合物在IGF-1R转染人配体肾细胞系(HEK-21)中阻断IGF-I诱导的IGF-IR自磷酸化作用的性能。过度表达在人IGF-1R受体中的HEK-21细胞在6孔平板中(37℃,在5%CO2气氛下)于HEK细胞生长培养基内培养达到80%的融合。细胞在含0.5%胎牛血清的HEK生长培养基中急需血清4小时。将存在于生长培养基内的10X浓度的抑制剂加入到细胞达到十分之一的最终培养基体积,并且在37℃下预培养1小时。抑制剂浓度可以在10nM-100uM之间。将IGF-I(Sigma)加入到急需血清的细胞至30ng/ml的终浓度。在37℃和IGF-I不存在下培养10分钟后,除去培养基,该细胞用PBS洗涤1次且加入0.5ml的冷细胞溶解缓冲液。在冰上保温5分钟后,从孔内敲碎细胞且将溶胞缓冲液和细胞转移到1.5ml微量(microfuge)管中。全部溶胞产物在4℃下保持20分钟且随后以最高速在微量离心管内离心。除去上清液且储存备于分析。受体的磷酸化状态使通过蛋白质印迹法评估的。溶胞产物在8%变性Tris-甘氨酸聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上电泳并且用电印迹法将蛋白质转移到硝基纤维素滤膜上。印迹用封阻剂封阻10分钟,此后将抗磷酸酪氨酸抗体(4G10,Upstate Biotechnology)加入至1∶1500的最终稀释度。印迹,并且初级抗体在4℃下培养过夜。用PBS加0.2%吐温20(Biorad)洗涤后,加入HRP偶联抗小鼠次级抗体(Jackson Labs)至1∶15000的稀释度且在4℃下培养2小时。印迹随后用PBS-吐温洗涤且用ECL(Amersham)发光试剂展开。印迹上的磷酸化IGF-1R通过方式自显影法目测或者用Kodak Image Station 440成像。IC50经纤维测密度扫描法测定或者用Kodak Digital Science软件定量。
Claims (19)
1.式I的化合物:
其中
R1选自1)取代或未取代C1-C10烷基,2)取代或未取代芳基,3)取代或未取代杂环基,和4)取代或未取代C3-C10环烷基;
R2选自1)卤素,2)取代或未取代C1-C10烷基,3)取代或未取代C2-C10链炔基,4)取代或未取代苯基,和5)取代或未取代杂环基选自吡啶基,苯并呋喃基,异噁唑基,呋喃基,吡咯基,和噻吩基;该烷基,链炔基,苯基和杂环基任选地被一个或多个R3取代;
R3独立地选自1)卤素,2)-OR4,3)取代或未取代C1-C10烷基,4)取代或未取代C3-C10环烷基,5)取代或未取代芳基,6)取代或未取代芳烷基,7)取代或未取代杂环基,8)-C(O)R4,9)-C(O)OR4,10)-CN,和11)-NO2;
R4独立地选自1)氢,2)取代或未取代C1-C10烷基,3)取代或未取代C2-C10链烯基,4)取代或未取代C2-C10链炔基,5)取代或未取代芳基,和6)取代或未取代杂环基;
或其药学可接受盐或立体异构体。
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中
R1是取代或未取代C1-C6烷基;
R2选自1)卤素,2)取代或未取代C2-C10链炔基,3)取代或未取代苯基,和4)取代或未取代杂环基选自吡啶基,苯并呋喃基,异噁唑基,呋喃基,吡咯基,和噻吩基;
该链炔基、苯基和杂环基任选地被一个或多个R3取代;
或其药学可接受盐或立体异构体。
3.权利要求2的化合物,其中
R2是卤素;
或其药学可接受盐或立体异构体。
4.选自下列的化合物:
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-碘-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(吡啶-2-基乙炔基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(6-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
4-(1-苯并呋喃-2-基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
4-(3,5-二甲基异噁唑-4-基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
4-(4-氟苯基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
4-(4-氯苯基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(5-甲酰基-2-呋喃基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-苯基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
4′-乙基-2′-甲酰基-1H,1′H-2,3′-联吡咯-1,5′-二羧酸二(叔丁酯);
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(2-甲酰基噻吩-3-基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
4-(4-氰基苯基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-甲基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸乙酯;
3,4-二乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸乙酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(4-硝基苯基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-[4-(甲氧基羰基)苯基]-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
4-(2-氰基苯基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
4-(3-氰基苯基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
4-(3-氯苯基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
4-(2,6-二氟苯基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(4-甲基苯基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(3-甲基苯基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基4-(2-甲基苯基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-噻吩-3-基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基4-噻吩-2-基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(3-甲氧基苯基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-(2-甲氧基苯基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯;或其药学可接受盐或立体异构体。
6.权利要求4的化合物是
3-乙基-5-甲酰基-4-苯基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
或其药学可接受盐或立体异构体。
8.权利要求4的化合物是
4-(2-氰基苯基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
或其药学可接受盐或立体异构体。
9.权利要求4的化合物是
4-(2,6-二氟苯基)-3-乙基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸叔丁酯
或其药学可接受盐或立体异构体。
10.一种药物组合物,器含有权利要求1所述的化合物和药学可接受载体。
11.一种在需要其的哺乳动物中调制蛋白激酶的催化活性的方法,包括使该蛋白激酶与权利要求1的化合物接触。
12.权利要求11的方法,其中该蛋白激酶使RTK。
13.权利要求12的方法,其中该RTK选自IR,IGF-1R和IRR。
14.一种在需要其的哺乳动物中治疗PK相关疾病的方法,包括给该哺乳动物施用治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物。
15.权利要求14的方法,其中PK相关疾病是IGF-1R相关性疾病选自:1)癌症,2)糖尿病,3)自身免疫性疾病,4)过度增殖性疾病,5)老化,6)肢端肥大症,和7)克罗恩氏病。
16.一种在需要其的哺乳动物中预防PK相关疾病的方法,包括给该哺乳动物施用治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物。
17.权利要求16的方法,其中PK相关疾病是IGF-1R相关性疾病选自:1)癌症,2)糖尿病,3)自身免疫性疾病,4)过度增殖性疾病,5)老化,6)肢端肥大症,和7)克罗恩氏病。
18.一种在需要其的哺乳动物中治疗癌症的方法,包括给该哺乳动物施用治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物。
19.一种在需要其的哺乳动物中治疗视网膜血管形成的方法,包括给该哺乳动物施用治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物。
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CN (1) | CN1829507A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2004258963A1 (zh) |
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Cited By (2)
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CN101796038B (zh) * | 2007-05-10 | 2014-10-29 | 萨勒姆有限公司 | 噁唑酪氨酸激酶抑制剂 |
CN105399654A (zh) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-03-16 | 北京工业大学 | 2,3-二氢吡咯类化合物、制备方法及其应用 |
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EP1651599A4 (en) * | 2003-07-24 | 2008-09-24 | Merck & Co Inc | TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS |
ES2374450T3 (es) | 2005-09-20 | 2012-02-16 | OSI Pharmaceuticals, LLC | Marcadores biológicos predictivos de respuesta anticancerígena para inhibidores de cinasa del receptor del factor de crecimiento 1 similar a insulina. |
KR100737531B1 (ko) * | 2005-12-30 | 2007-07-10 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | 스핀들 모터의 턴테이블 |
US8642067B2 (en) | 2007-04-02 | 2014-02-04 | Allergen, Inc. | Methods and compositions for intraocular administration to treat ocular conditions |
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CA880915A (en) | 1968-06-12 | 1971-09-14 | National Research Council Of Canada | Alkylation process |
WO2003035616A2 (en) * | 2001-10-25 | 2003-05-01 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Tyrosine kinase inhibitors |
WO2003035614A2 (en) * | 2001-10-25 | 2003-05-01 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Tyrosine kinase inhibitors |
WO2003035615A2 (en) | 2001-10-25 | 2003-05-01 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Tyrosine kinase inhibitors |
EP1651599A4 (en) * | 2003-07-24 | 2008-09-24 | Merck & Co Inc | TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS |
-
2004
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CN101796038B (zh) * | 2007-05-10 | 2014-10-29 | 萨勒姆有限公司 | 噁唑酪氨酸激酶抑制剂 |
CN105399654A (zh) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-03-16 | 北京工业大学 | 2,3-二氢吡咯类化合物、制备方法及其应用 |
CN105399654B (zh) * | 2015-12-21 | 2018-04-06 | 北京工业大学 | 2,3‑二氢吡咯类化合物、制备方法及其应用 |
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WO2005009373A2 (en) | 2005-02-03 |
US20060276514A1 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
US7538231B2 (en) | 2009-05-26 |
EP1651209A4 (en) | 2009-03-04 |
AU2004258963A1 (en) | 2005-02-03 |
CA2532443A1 (en) | 2005-02-03 |
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