A kind of composite thermal insulation brick or building block and manufacturing and building method
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of technical field of heat-preserving heat-insulating wall material, specifically, heat insulation brick or building block and manufacturing and the building method formed by interior wall piece, exterior wall block, thermal insulation body and cementing agent thereof and tension member.
Background technology:
Building energy conservation is the policy of the sustainable development vigorously advocated in recent years of the Chinese government, helps the improvement of energy conservation and habitat condition.
An important component part of building energy conservation is the energy-conservation of body of wall, and promptly body of wall has the function of thermal insulation.For this reason, need a kind of materials for wall that self possesses good building thermal technique performance.The self-insulating brick of at present common with the concrete is material or building block comprise following several, all have defective in various degree:
1) fill insulant material in common brick or building block constitutes insulating brick or building block.Because the top wall of brick or building block, and vertically on body of wall, form " heat bridge (cold bridge) " of perforation, thereby greatly reduce the thermal and insulating performance of body of wall with horizontal masonry mortar.Simultaneously, the block of insulation blocks is bigger, can't accomplish to grab on the other hand building block, proficiency sanding slurry in the construction operation, therefore influences efficiency of construction, should cause the perpends mortar not full, makes body of wall the crack occur.
2) in the forming process of common brick or building block, heat insulating material inserted in advance and moulding and the insulating brick or the building block of making together.Because the modulus of elasticity of steel liner plate and concrete material is different fully in the modulus of elasticity of heat insulating material and the mould, compactness when causing the product molding of heat insulating material both sides is lower, and then the intensity that makes goods is lower and be accompanied by discreteness, influence the total quality of goods, simultaneously, the materials for wall of heat insulating material one side connects by the tensile strength of heat insulating material itself, because this tensile strength is subjected to the restriction of material itself generally lower, lower under the ageing state, its durable and safety deficiency.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of composite thermal insulation brick or building block with better heat insulating effect, and the using method of these bricks or building block and manufacture method.
To achieve these goals, the present invention proposes following technical scheme:
A kind of composite thermal insulation brick or building block comprise interior wall piece and exterior wall block, are provided with the thermal insulation body between the inner, external wall piece, and the inner, external wall piece links into an integrated entity by cementing agent and tension member and thermal insulation body.The interior wall piece is arranged with that two bars are faced the wall and meditated, two top wall, at least two emptying apertures and a hand are grabbed the hole; Exterior wall block is arranged with that two bars are faced the wall and meditated, two top wall, and at least one emptying aperture is grabbed at the hand of interior wall piece between the emptying aperture of hole and exterior wall block and is equipped with rib and tension member groove, is compounded with the thermal insulation body by cementing agent and tension member between interior wall piece and the exterior wall block.Be compound in the thermal insulation body between interior wall piece and the exterior wall block, the side that the bar of outstanding interior wall piece of its length and exterior wall block is faced the wall and meditated, outstanding length is smaller or equal to the vertical mortar mortar joint width in building by laying bricks or stones, and height is less than the height of inner, external wall piece, and thickness is determined by the thermal insulation requirement.Tension member between interior wall piece and the exterior wall block is the τ type, in the pregroove marks on the seat slurry face of embedding brick or building block.
The emptying aperture of interior wall piece and exterior wall block is the half-blindness hole, promptly is provided with a trapezoidal projection that can carry masonry mortar in the hole both sides of slurry surface; The interior wall piece is provided with hand and grabs the hole, and it is shaped as the rectangle, trapezoidal, oval or circular of band fillet; Exterior wall block is for the common brick or the building block of decorative effect, or is the decorative floor block or the building block of band decorative effect.
The preparation method of described composite thermal insulation brick or building block comprises the steps: that a. makes earlier the base substrate of interior wall piece and exterior wall block respectively; B. the thermal insulation body is prepared in advance; C. coat cementing agent on a bar of exterior wall block and interior wall piece being faced the wall and meditated, between the inner, external wall piece, it is the slurry surface and the seat slurry face of the recessed inner, external wall piece of symmetry highly, bar face length degree one side of the outstanding inner, external wall piece of length with the thermal insulation bluk recombination; D. τ shape tension member is starched in the pregroove marks of face with the seat that fashion of extrusion embeds the inner, external wall piece, wherein, the bottom crotch of τ shape tension member places in the hole of interior wall piece, and the top tension rib is that an end of two-way Drawknot hook places in the hole of exterior wall block.The thermal insulation body is solid-state polyphenyl material or polyurethane material, and tension member is galvanizing steel or engineering plastics.
The building method of described composite thermal insulation brick or building block may further comprise the steps: a, build a skin composite thermal insulation brick or a building block by laying bricks or stones, when building by laying bricks or stones the interior wall piece is placed the body of wall inboard, exterior wall block places wall outer side, slurry surface makes progress, and the thermal insulation body between adjacent two bricks or the building block should align and be close to; B, previously prepared thermal insulation bar is placed in the groove corresponding to the thermal insulation body of composite thermal insulation brick or building block; C, lay masonry mortar in the both sides of thermal insulation bar; D, the fissure of displacement are built second skin composite thermal insulation brick or the building block by laying bricks or stones, the interior wall piece of hypodermis is alignd with the interior wall piece, exterior wall block aligns with exterior wall block, the groove corresponding to the thermal insulation body on the seat slurry face aligns with the rapid middle thermal insulation bar of laying of previous step, the two-way Drawknot hook of the τ shape tension member on the seat slurry face inserts in the hole in the slurry surface of next skin brick or building block, thermal insulation body between adjacent two bricks or the building block should align and be close to, and with the instrument of building by laying bricks or stones the mortar between next skin brick or the building block is made real; The tension member of band thermal insulation bar is placed at e, the position of setting in design, the thermal insulation bar places in the groove corresponding to the thermal insulation body of composite thermal insulation brick or building block, the two-way Drawknot hook of tension member places the hole of exterior wall block, and unidirectional Drawknot hook places the hole of interior wall piece; F, repeating step a~e finish until building wall.
The height of building the thermal insulation bar that uses by laying bricks or stones equals the degree of depth that horizontal masonry mortar thickness adds the composite thermal insulation brick or the groove in the building block of twice, length is equal to body of wall length, and thickness is equal to the thickness of the thermal insulation body in composite thermal insulation brick or the building block; The tension member of band thermal insulation bar is the net chip architecture, adopt zinc-plated antirust reinforcing bar or engineering plastics to make, its the vertical tension rib and the welding that laterally interlocks between the tension rib are fixing, laterally a side of tension rib is unidirectional Drawknot hook, opposite side is two-way Drawknot hook, and the thermal insulation bar places the side by two-way Drawknot hook.
The present invention compares with insulating brick or building block with existing wall thermal insulating provision for thermal insulation, has following obvious advantage:
1) simple blocking-up of in brick or building block, filling the thermal insulation body because of the heat bridge (cold bridge) of the perforation body of wall of failing to realize to form by masonry mortar and brick wall, therefore fail to satisfy the requirement of body of wall energy-saving index, still need equally to carry out the heat insulation secondary construction of wall thermal insulating with other materials for walls, its cycle is generally 20~30 days, after implementing the present invention, thermal insulation body blocking-up in the heat bridge (cold bridge) of the perforation body of wall on the top wall of composite thermal insulation brick or building block itself has been compound between (outward) wall piece, the heat bridge (cold bridge) of the vertical mortar mortar joint in building by laying bricks or stones obtains blocking-up by the thermal insulation body that protrudes in composite thermal insulation brick or building block, laterally the heat bridge (cold bridge) of mortar mortar joint obtains blocking-up by the thermal insulation bar of placing in building by laying bricks or stones, building wall is finished and is promptly formed the heat-preserving heat-insulating wall that reaches the energy-conservation requirement of body of wall, exempt and carry out the heat insulation construction of wall thermal insulating once more, secondary construction required time and relevant every cost obtain to save, thereby reduce construction costs greatly.
2) building the secondary construction that thermal insulation is carried out in the body of wall inboard of finishing or the outside by laying bricks or stones, needing to increase by the thickness of 30~100mm usually, the thickness of the other materials of protecting comprising the thermal insulation body thickness and to the thermal insulation body.This thickness can reduce the actual usable floor area of building if place the body of wall inboard; If place wall outer side, then can have influence on the original floor of building.After implementing the present invention,, thereby building original actual usable floor area or floor are not impacted owing to the thermal insulation body places among the block.
4) the half-blindness hole of various bricks or building block is upwards during building wall, so that carrying masonry mortar, mortar forms the mortar key under the acting in conjunction of the emptying aperture of the half-blindness hole of this skin brick (building block) and a last skin brick (building block), both helped to improve the shear strength of body of wall self, effectively prevent wall body slit, can guarantee that again tension member and steel tie are in the mortar key of body of wall, the masonry experimental data shows, about the shear strength that the brick of band mortar key or the shear strength of building block require than existing design specifications can double.
5) grab the hole owing to be provided with hand on the interior wall piece, can conveniently grab brick during construction, can grab brick (building block), proficiency sanding slurry during construction on the other hand, thereby improve efficiency of construction, help to guarantee that the perpends mortar is full, guarantee construction quality;
6) owing to interior wall piece and exterior wall block moulding respectively, its intensity can obtain control by former and relevant prescription, and strength difference problem on the same goods that caused when having avoided heat insulating material and goods synchronous forming helps to ensure the stable of quality of item;
7) owing between interior exterior wall block, be provided with tension member, its tensile strength is greater than the thermal insulation body, even under the aging situation of cementing agent or thermal insulation body, interior exterior wall block still can form common structure by tension member and masonry mortar, thereby ensures the durability of building;
8) because the thermal insulation body places among the block, its external protection is totally enclosed traditional materials for wall, so its durability can be equal to the durability of body of wall; Owing to the thermal insulation body is placed block, when the emptying aperture on the interior wall piece can effectively satisfy the house secondary decoration pipeline, electric wiring is spread the requirement of burying again, and the thermal insulation body is not caused damage; Because the thermal insulation body is placed block, after building wall was finished, exterior wall operating type routinely whitewashed and decorates processing, for example paste walltile, when the exterior wall block that adopts band to decorate, building wall is finished and is meaned that simultaneously outer decoration also finishes, and can more shorten construction period.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of the composite thermal insulation brick of five rounds in the technical solution of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the perspective view of the composite thermal insulation brick of four rounds in the technical solution of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the perspective view of the composite thermal insulation building block in the technical solution of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is for being used for the perspective view of the τ shape tension member of exterior wall block in the drawknot in the technical solution of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the drawknot net sheet schematic diagram of the band thermal insulation bar in the technical solution of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the perspective view by the brick heat-preserving heat-insulating wall of building of composite thermal insulation in the technical solution of the present invention.
The specific embodiment:
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The composite thermal insulation brick 1 of five rounds among technical solution of the present invention Fig. 1 is made up of interior wall piece 2, exterior wall block 3, thermal insulation body 4, τ shape tension member 5; In interior wall piece 2 and exterior wall block 3, comprise that bar faces the wall and meditates 6, top wall 7, emptying aperture 8, hand grab hole 9, rib 10, slurry surface half-blindness hole 11, symmetrically arranged seat slurry face tension member groove 12.The element of the composite thermal insulation brick 13 of four rounds is with the composite thermal insulation brick 1 of five rounds among Fig. 2.
Thermal insulation body 4 is compound between interior wall piece 2 and the exterior wall block 3 by cementing agent, exterior wall block one side formed projection 14 in its length was protruded, the both sides up and down of highly hanging down into interior exterior wall block form groove 15, interior wall piece 2 and exterior wall block 3 hole in, embed τ shape tension member 5 along seat slurry face tension member groove 12, wherein the crotch 16 of τ shape bottom places the emptying aperture 8 of interior wall piece 2, and an end of top tension rib 17 places the emptying aperture 8 of exterior wall block 3.
The composition of the composite thermal insulation building block 18 among technical solution of the present invention Fig. 3 is with technical scheme Fig. 1.
The τ shape tension member 5 of exterior wall block that is used in the drawknot among technical solution of the present invention Fig. 4 is made up of bottom crotch 16 and top tension rib 17, and the length 19 of top tension rib 17 is greater than masonry mortar thickness, and can stretch in the cavity of hypodermis brick or building block.
The drawknot net sheet 20 of the band thermal insulation bar among technical solution of the present invention Fig. 5 is made up of vertical tension rib 21, horizontal tension rib 22, two-way Drawknot hook 23, unidirectional Drawknot hook 24 and thermal insulation bar 25, whole net sheet is a cut lengths, the length of two-way Drawknot hook 23 is greater than masonry mortar thickness, and can stretch in the cavity of hypodermis brick or building block, the height of thermal insulation bar 25 equals the degree of depth that horizontal masonry mortar thickness adds the composite thermal insulation brick or the groove 15 in the building block of twice, and thickness is equal to the thickness of the thermal insulation body 4 in composite thermal insulation brick or the building block.
Technical solution of the present invention Fig. 6 is the heat-preserving heat-insulating wall 26 of building by laying bricks or stones with composite thermal insulation brick 1, and it is as follows to build step by laying bricks or stones: a, build a skin composite thermal insulation brick 1 by laying bricks or stones earlier, interior wall piece 2 placed the body of wall inboard, the thermal insulation body projection 14 of adjacent two bricks should near; B, along the body of wall length direction, laying a thermal insulation bar 25, repave and bury horizontal masonry mortar 27 corresponding to the position of the thermal insulation body groove 15 in the composite thermal insulation brick; C, the fissure of displacement are built a skin composite thermal insulation brick 1 by laying bricks or stones, wherein can use the common porous brick 28 that is filled with the thermal insulation body to carry out the fissure of displacement and build by laying bricks or stones; D, repeating step a~c, reach design code build the skin number by laying bricks or stones after, lay the drawknot net sheet 20 of band thermal insulation bar, b, c build by laying bricks or stones set by step again; E, repeating step a~d finish until building wall.
In the present embodiment, the vertical mortar mortar joint 29 that forms in building by laying bricks or stones by near the projection 14 of thermal insulation body 4 of adjacent two bricks obtain blocking-up, the effect that 27 of mortar joints bury thermal insulation bar 25 wherein by the shop of laterally building by laying bricks or stones that forms in building by laying bricks or stones obtains blocking-up, the heat bridge (cold bridge) that both sides top wall in the interior wall piece 1 forms obtains blocking-up by the thermal insulation body in the exterior wall block in being compound in 4, thereby reaches the purpose of comprehensive blocking-up body of wall heat bridge (cold bridge).
Should be upwards when various blocks are built by laying bricks or stones with slurry surface half-blindness hole 11, squeezing action between the seat slurry face emptying aperture 8 by the epithelium brick and the half-blindness hole 11 of hypodermis brick slurry surface, the mortar joint 27 of laterally building by laying bricks or stones that the shop is buried wherein forms the mortar key, helps to improve the overall construction intensity of body of wall.
Composite thermal insulation brick 1,13 or building block 18 in the embodiment of the invention can be taked following technology manufacturing:
1) respectively by vibration or compression moulding mode moulding interior wall piece 2 and exterior wall block 3, finishes the intensity maintenance, keep dry by state-set standard;
2) thermal insulation body 4 is prepared in advance,, can in corresponding mould, prepare as adopting foaming and intumescing polyphenyl material or foaming and intumescing polyurethane material, as adopting extrusion modling polyphenyl material, can use cutting or electric heating process equipment in accordance with regulations shape and size process;
3) side of interior wall piece 2 and exterior wall block 3 is coated cementing agent, between the compound and interior exterior wall block of thermal insulation body bonding, the seat that τ shape tension member 5 embeds on interior wall piece 2 and the exterior wall block 3 is starched chucking in the face tension member groove 12, can use cementing agent to strengthen associativity in case of necessity.
4) the thermal insulation body should have excellent waterproof and humidity resistance, and has fire retardant performance concurrently.When the impermeability of thermal insulation body does not satisfy impervious the requirement, should use the sealing binding material of waterproof, moisture-proof function with the junction of brick body.
The blank forming method of the various bricks in the above-mentioned manufacture method belongs to prior art, and the solid-state polyphenyl material of solid thermal insulation body, polyurethane, binding material and used galvanizing steel of tension member or engineering plastics etc. required in the manufacturing are commercially available.