CN1811549A - Light source device - Google Patents
Light source device Download PDFInfo
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- CN1811549A CN1811549A CN 200510115637 CN200510115637A CN1811549A CN 1811549 A CN1811549 A CN 1811549A CN 200510115637 CN200510115637 CN 200510115637 CN 200510115637 A CN200510115637 A CN 200510115637A CN 1811549 A CN1811549 A CN 1811549A
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Abstract
本发明提供一种传送一次光源(1)发出的光的导光体(6)，折射率为ng，包括一个入射端面(9)、传送的光出射用的一个光出射面、位于其相反侧的一个内面。导光体(6)的光出射面及内面之中的至少一面附有透光调制器(8)。透光调制器(8)包括位于光出射面上或内面上且带有折射率为n1(此处ng＞n1)的多个第1折射率区域单元(3)和折射率为n2(此处n2＞n1)的多个第2折射率区域单元(4)之复合层(50)、位于其上的折射率为n3(此处n3＞n1)之第3折射率层(5)。在导光体(6)的内面邻接配置有反射板(7)。
The invention provides a light guide body (6) for transmitting light emitted by a primary light source (1), with a refractive index of ng, comprising an incident end surface (9), a light exit surface for transmitting light exiting, and located on the opposite side an inner surface of . At least one of the light exit surface and the inner surface of the light guide body (6) is attached with a light transmission modulator (8). The light-transmissive modulator (8) includes a plurality of first refractive index area units (3) located on the light exit surface or the inner surface with a refractive index n1 (here ng>n1) and a refractive index n2 (here A composite layer (50) of a plurality of second refractive index domain units (4) with n2>n1), and a third refractive index layer (5) with a refractive index of n3 (here n3>n1) located thereon. A reflection plate (7) is arranged adjacent to the inner surface of the light guide body (6).
Description
Technical field
The present invention is about a kind of light supply apparatus, comprises the planar light source device that uses in the guide nameplate in places such as liquid crystal indicator, station and communal facility of electronic equipments such as being applied to notebook computer and LCD TV and the indication devices such as traffic indication board on large board, highway and the Ordinary Rd and traffic mark; The planar light source device of the point source of lights such as employing LED that in the more small-sized liquid crystal indicator of mobile phone, mobile terminals etc., use; Light sources such as LED are transformed to the bar-shaped light supply apparatus of uniform line source etc., more specifically, about having high briliancy and light supply apparatus such as equally distributed area source of briliancy or bar-shaped light source in light-emitting face a kind of comprising.
Background technology
For the light supply apparatus of the liquid crystal indicators that electronic equipment adopted such as mobile terminals, notebook computer, LCD TV, require to have low power consumption, high briliancy, slim, luminous characteristics such as evenly.Especially the portable electric appts that has more small-sized liquid crystal indicator for mobile phone, mobile terminals etc., these requirements are stronger.
Traditionally, the mode of employed back side light supply apparatuses such as liquid crystal indicator, billboard, traffic indication board, be divided into be provided with in the shell linear light sources such as a plurality of fluorescent lamps under mode and in the edge light mode of tabular light conductor side configuration linear light source.For under the back side light supply apparatus of mode, realize the lightening difficulty of light supply apparatus, exist simultaneously and take place easily can see perspective phenomenon problems such as fluorescent lamp as light source from sign board.Back side light supply apparatus as light and thin type is used the edge light mode more.And the demand of mobile electronic devices such as the mechanical, electrical sub-notepad of adversary, game machine increases in recent years, needs that exploitation is a kind of to be applicable to the good slim back side light supply apparatus of homogeneity these display unit light sources, that high briliancy and briliancy distribute.
The back side light supply apparatus of this edge light mode, usually, with tabular transparent materials such as acrylic resin plates as light conductor, the light that sends at primary source (the following situation that single title " light source " also arranged) towards the configuration of its side end face from the side end face (light entrance face) inject the light conductor, by the surface that is disposed at light conductor (light-emitting face) or with the light outgoing functional unit of the positions such as light scattering face of this surface opposite one side inner face, make the light of incident be planar outgoing from light-emitting face.But, the device that forms light outgoing functional unit uniformly at the surface or the inner face of light conductor, along with from light source away from, the briliancy of emergent light is low, the luminance nonuniformity in light-emitting face is even, can not obtain good display frame.The maximization that this tendency is accompanied by planar light source device becomes significantly, can not actually adopt in the surface light source element more than 10 inches at all.Especially the briliancy in the employed liquid crystal indicator of equipment such as notebook computer and LCD TV, its picture distributes and requires very high homogeneity.
In order to solve the uneven problem of this planar light source device briliancy, multiple solution has been proposed.For example, in the open 1989-24522 communique of Jap.P., proposition with the inner face of the opposite side of light-emitting face of light conductor, be provided with accompany or follow light entrance face away from the planar light source device of smearing or adhere to the light outgoing functional unit on it that the light diffusate is dense.In addition, in the open 1989-107406 communique of Jap.P., propose a plurality of tiny spots that utilize light material at random to constitute are formed on the surface transparent panel of all patterns, the planar light source device that uses as light conductor stacked together.In this planar light source device, because use Chinese whites such as titanium dioxide and barium sulphate as the light diffusate, shine the loss that produces light such as light absorption in the light on the light-scattering material during in scattering so exist, the problem that causes the briliancy at the emergent light of required direction to descend.
In addition, in open 1989-244490 communique of Jap.P. and the open 1989-252933 patent gazette of Jap.P., proposition is on the light-emitting face of light conductor, and configuration has the outgoing light adjustment member of the light reflective graphics that meets the distribution reciprocal of emergent light briliancy and the planar light source device of light diffusing sheet.But in this planar light source device, the light that is reflected by outgoing light adjustment member and light diffusing sheet can not utilize again, so there is the loss that produces light, causes the emergent light briliancy of required direction to descend.
In the open 1990-84618 communique of Jap.P., propose to have one side at least for being loaded with the planar light source device of prismatic lens on pears surface, the light-emitting face with the relative light-emitting face and the inner face thereof that disposes linear light source, light conductor of light entrance face of light conductor.Yet, though this planar light source device can obtain very high briliancy, but can not be satisfactory aspect the briliancy homogeneity of light-emitting face.And, though can take measures to control exactly this pears surface shape, improving the homogeneity of briliancy, there is very big problem in the repeatability of relevant those pears surface shapes.And, because the emergent light of this planar light source device distributes (distribution on the vertical and parallel direction of light entrance face) wide (particularly on the parallel direction at light entrance face), as the planar light source device that uses in the portable electric appts, can not fully satisfy the requirement of low power consumption, high briliancy.
On the other hand, in the open 1996-40719 communique of Jap.P., evenly and the explanation that reduces optical loss, improves the planar light source device of briliancy relevant for a kind of emergent light briliancy.Planar light source device light conductor in this explanation technology, at least one side with the tabular transparent body is a light entrance face, with its slightly surface of orthogonal be light-emitting face, it is to be made of a plurality of fine convex body that omits dome shape that light-emitting face and inner face thereof have a surface at least, the small mean radius of curvature of these convex body lens groups and the ratio of average period are 3～10, and the mean deviation that small mean radius of curvature distributes and the ratio of small mean radius of curvature are below 0.8.But along with the slimming of light conductor, its length increases the ratio of thickness, has only the surface by the device that a plurality of fine convex body that omits dome shape constitutes, and the uniform outgoing characteristic that obtain in the light-emitting face just becomes difficult.
In addition, as illustrating in the open 1995-171228 communique of Jap.P., occurred a kind of by on light conductor, forming specific zigzag prism structure, the emergent ray that the obtains back lighting technology (technology of emergent light control device) of the high area source of light-emitting face normal briliancy narrow and small, peak light that distributes.This gimmick is fully without prismatic lens, only utilizes light conductor just can realize low coverage, very high normal briliancy, be a kind of very effective and efficient manner, but the homogeneity that the emergent light briliancy distributes also obviously suffered damage.As this method, form to utilize the distribution of dealing with a micro concavo-convex and those shapes more than the pears surface of the particular function of light conductor own and other dot pattern etc., and the uniformity coefficient that will obtain high briliancy on this basis is unusual difficulty, satisfies simultaneously that not damage particular function and the high evenness of paying light conductor itself be a big technical problem.
When adopting the prism-like structure, the normal direction of the only directive light-emitting face of propagating along the vertical direction of prism column direction, but the normal direction that the light of propagating along the vergence direction of prism column direction just can not the directive light-emitting face, this part optical energy loss.Particularly those utilize the planar light source device of point source of light, from the certain existing problems of the viewpoint of light utilization ratio.This planar light source device uses low, the succinct led light source of power consumption.For example, utilize the planar light source device of type led light source under illustrate in the open 1996-32120 communique of Jap.P. the sort of; The sort of led light source that illustrates in the open 1995-270624 communique of Jap.P. is arranged at the light conductor end face, and optical propagation direction becomes the planar light source device of V-shape; Described in the open 1996-18429 communique of Jap.P., led light source is arranged at the light conductor end face, the light conductor surface is the planar light source device of uneven surface; Described in the open 1995-320514 communique of Jap.P., led light source is arranged at the light conductor bight, sneak into diffusion material in the inner dispersion of light conductor, form the planar light source device of scattering light-conducting body.But, in these planar light source devices, the wider field of view of emergent light, the electric power of consumption does not form sufficiently high briliancy, and because light source is a point-like, the place ahead of a light directive light source just is easy to generate the speck phenomenon from whole angle.Also having the planar light source device that proposes in the open 11-329039 communique of Jap.P., is at the light guide plate inner face, along the concentric circles configuration triangle convex corresponding with point source of light, and is in a discrete distribution.But, in this planar light source device because the triangle convex is Discrete Distribution, the light of in light conductor, propagating just can not be effectively along the normal direction outgoing of light-emitting face.
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of planar and bar-shaped etc. light supply apparatus, even under the bigger situation of thinner thickness, area, the emergent light in the light-emitting face still has high briliancy homogeneity.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of planar and bar-shaped etc. light supply apparatus, even use light conductor with special emergent light control function, also can neither damage this function, can guarantee that again emergent light has high briliancy homogeneity in exit facet.
In addition, another one purpose of the present invention provides point source of light, low power consumption, high briliancy, slim, briliancy uniform surface light source devices such as a kind of use LED, is particularly suitable for portable electric appts such as mobile phone, mobile terminals.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of light supply apparatus that can reach above-mentioned purpose, have the light supply apparatus of primary source and the light conductor that constitutes the travel path that transmits this primary source emergent light; The refractive index of this light conductor is ng, comprises a incident end face that the light incident of being sent by this primary source uses, is transmitted the exit facet that the light outgoing uses, an inner face that is positioned at this light-emitting face opposite side; It is characterized in that:
At least one printing opacity modulator of having worn in the light-emitting face of this light conductor and the inner face, this printing opacity modulator comprises and is positioned on this light-emitting face or on this inner face, and have refractive index and be n1 (herein a plurality of the 1st refractive indexes unit, zone of ng＞n1) and refractive index be n2 (herein one of unit, a plurality of the 2nd refractive indexes zone of n2＞n1) composite bed, be positioned on this composite bed, and refractive index is the n3 (unit, one the 3rd refractive index zone of n3＞n1) herein.
An aspect of of the present present invention, having refractive index between this light conductor and this printing opacity modulator is n4 (one the 4th index layer of ng＞n4＞n1) herein.Another aspect of the present invention, the 2nd refractive index zone cell density with unit, the zone of the 2nd refractive index on this composite bed of per unit area area occupied is represented changes with the position in this compound aspect.
An aspect of of the present present invention, the thickness H2 of the thickness H1 of unit, the 1st refractive index zone and unit, the 2nd refractive index zone is all more than 5 microns, below 200 microns.Another aspect of the present invention, direction minimum dimension W2 in the centre plane of the average thickness H1 of unit, the 1st refractive index zone and unit, the 2nd refractive index zone satisfies 1≤(W2/H1)≤30 relation.
An aspect of of the present present invention, n2＜ng.Another aspect of the present invention, n2 〉=n3 〉=ng or n3 〉=n2 〉=ng.Another aspect of the present invention, n2 〉=ng 〉=n3 or ng 〉=n2 〉=n3.Another aspect of the present invention, n3 〉=ng 〉=n2 or ng 〉=n3 〉=n2.
An aspect of of the present present invention, unit, the 1st refractive index zone is made up of air.An aspect of of the present present invention has at least 1 to be made of the ultraviolet hardening resin composition among unit, the 2nd refractive index zone and the 3rd index layer.
An aspect of of the present present invention, the 1st refractive index unit, zone and the 2nd high-refractive-index regions unit of this printing opacity modulator all are banded, the mutual arrangement.Another aspect of the present invention, the 1st refractive index unit, zone and the 2nd high-refractive-index regions unit of this printing opacity modulator all are irregular alignment.
An aspect of of the present present invention, the 3rd index layer or this composite bed have optical controlling function, and this optical controlling function has 1 function among directionality light outgoing function and the light diffusion function at least.
An aspect of of the present present invention, in the 3rd index layer of this printing opacity modulator that this light conductor inner face has or the member that on the 3rd index layer, disposes, be manufactured with by a plurality of prisms that contain two prism facets and be listed as the directionality light outgoing functional unit that constitutes along the summary vertical direction arrangement parallel to each other of optical propagation direction in the light conductor.The top that an aspect of of the present present invention, this prism are listed between these 2 prism facets is a flat condition.An aspect of of the present present invention, the paddy portion between these adjacent prism row is a flat condition.An aspect of of the present present invention, these prism row form arcuation.
An aspect of of the present present invention, the prism facets near this primary source one side of this prism row becomes 80～100 ° of inclinations to light-emitting face, away from the prism facets of above-mentioned primary source one side light-emitting face is become 35～55 ° of inclinations.
An aspect of of the present present invention for the concaveconvex shape that the prism row of covering this directionality light outgoing functional unit are arranged, forms the layer of this directionality light outgoing functional unit or the refractive index that has is laminated in together less than the layer of member refractive index.
An aspect of of the present present invention, on this directionality light outgoing functional unit, have the prism row corresponding by single face and arrange and be manufactured with the layer of this directionality light outgoing functional unit or the prismatic lens that constitutes with the slightly same refractive index materials of member with its prism row arrangement, layer by forming this directionality light outgoing functional unit or its refractive index are arranged prism row and are entrenched togather with corresponding to each other less than the layer of member refractive index.
An aspect of of the present present invention, form the layer of this directionality light outgoing functional unit or its refractive index less than the layer of member refractive index for air layer.
An aspect of of the present present invention, this primary source is for omiting point source of light.An aspect of of the present present invention, this primary source is made up of LED.An aspect of of the present present invention, this primary source are the aggregate of LED.
An aspect of of the present present invention, the peak value half range value of the luminous pattern of this LED is 10～120 ° on the vertical direction of light conductor light-emitting face, be 80～180 ° on the parallel direction of light conductor light-emitting face.
An aspect of of the present present invention, this primary source are used the light that at least one LED is sent to cut apart to form and are finely cut apart light source and make this cut apart the mode that light source is arranged in team, and/or the light that at least one LED sends are transformed to the mode of continuous line source.An aspect of of the present present invention, the thickness of this light conductor along with and this primary source between distance increase and reduce.An aspect of of the present present invention on the light-emitting face of this light conductor, disposes the emergent light control member that at least one is selected among diffraction grating, polarization conversion element, polarisation resolution element, the light collective optics.
An aspect of of the present present invention, this primary source are at least one point source of light; At the inner face of this light conductor, be made into and contain that 2 prism facets are this primary source of prism column wrap arrangement parallel to each other of arcuation and the directionality light outgoing functional unit that constitutes a plurality of.
An aspect of of the present present invention, this printing opacity modulator invests on the light-emitting face of this light conductor.The top that an aspect of of the present present invention, this prism are listed between these 2 prism facets is a flat condition.An aspect of of the present present invention, the paddy portion between these adjacent prism row is a flat condition.An aspect of of the present present invention, the prism facets near this primary source one side of this prism row becomes 80～100 ° of inclinations to light-emitting face, away from the prism facets of above-mentioned primary source one side light-emitting face is become 35～55 ° of inclinations.
An aspect of of the present present invention for the concaveconvex shape of prism row arrangements of covering this directionality light outgoing functional unit, forms the layer of this directionality light outgoing functional unit or its refractive index layer being laminated in together less than the member refractive index.
An aspect of of the present present invention, on this directionality light outgoing functional unit, have with its prism row by single face and to arrange corresponding prism row arrangement and to be manufactured with the layer of this directionality light outgoing functional unit or the prismatic lens that identical refractive index materials constitutes with member, layer by making this directionality light outgoing functional unit or its refractive index are arranged prism row and are entrenched togather with corresponding to each other less than the layer of member refractive index.
An aspect of of the present present invention is made the layer of this directionality light outgoing functional unit or the refractive index that has is an air layer less than the layer of member refractive index.
An aspect of of the present present invention, this point source of light are disposed at the relative position in the side end face or the bight of light conductor.An aspect of of the present present invention, this point source of light be arranged at the inner face of the light-emitting face of light conductor and an opposite side the recess of formation in.
An aspect of of the present present invention, this point source of light is made up of LED.An aspect of of the present present invention, this point source of light are the aggregate of LED.An aspect of of the present present invention, the peak value half range value of the luminous pattern of this LED is 10～120 ° on the vertical direction of light conductor light-emitting face, be 80～180 ° on the parallel direction of light conductor light-emitting face.
An aspect of of the present present invention, the thickness of this light conductor along with and this primary source between distance increase and reduce.
An aspect of of the present present invention on the light-emitting face of this light conductor, disposes the emergent light control member that at least one is selected among diffraction grating, polarization conversion element, polarisation resolution element, the light collective optics.
The present invention can provide a kind of planar light source device of edge light mode, a kind of aforesaid light supply apparatus, it is characterized in that on the orthogonal direction of its incident end face, disposing be elongated shape bar-shaped light supply apparatus as primary source.
And, the light supply apparatus that the present invention can provide a kind of frontlighting to use, a kind of aforesaid light supply apparatus, it is characterized in that being disposed at observation one side of the illuminated body that the light that utilizes this light supply apparatus to send throws light on, have transmittance that this illuminated body that at least a portion can be utilized this light supply apparatus illumination sends light transmission to this observation side.
In addition, the invention provides a kind of planar light source device, comprise at least 1 point source of light, have the rectangle light conductor of the light-emitting face that light entrance face that light incident that this point source of light sends uses and incident light outgoing use, it is characterized in that within relative on the face, be made into and a plurality ofly contain two prism facets, to be listed as along the directionality light outgoing functional unit of the summary vertical direction arrangement formation parallel to each other of optical propagation direction in the light conductor around the arc prism of this point source of light with the light-emitting face of this light conductor.
The top that an aspect of of the present present invention, this prism are listed between these 2 prism facets is a flat condition.An aspect of of the present present invention, the paddy portion between these adjacent prism row is a flat condition.An aspect of of the present present invention, the prism facets near this primary source one side of this prism row becomes 80～100 ° of inclinations to light-emitting face, away from the prism facets of above-mentioned primary source one side light-emitting face is become 35～55 ° of inclinations.
An aspect of of the present present invention for the concaveconvex shape that the prism row of covering this directionality light outgoing functional unit are arranged, is made into this directionality light outgoing functional unit layer or its refractive index is laminated in together less than the layer of member refractive index.
An aspect of of the present present invention, on this directionality light outgoing functional unit, have the prism row corresponding by single face and arrange and form the layer of this directionality light outgoing functional unit or the prismatic lens that constitutes with the slightly same refractive index materials of member with its prism row arrangement, layer by forming this directionality light outgoing functional unit or its refractive index are arranged prism row and are entrenched togather with corresponding to each other less than the layer of member refractive index.
An aspect of of the present present invention, form the layer of this directionality light outgoing functional unit or its refractive index less than the layer of member refractive index for air layer.
An aspect of of the present present invention, this point source of light are disposed at the relative position in the side end face or the bight of light conductor.An aspect of of the present present invention, this point source of light are arranged in the recess of the inner face formation of the light-emitting face of light conductor and an opposite side.
An aspect of of the present present invention, this point source of light is made up of LED.An aspect of of the present present invention, this point source of light are the aggregate of LED.An aspect of of the present present invention, the peak value half range value of the luminous pattern of this LED is 10～120 ° on the vertical direction of light conductor light-emitting face, be 80～180 ° on the parallel direction of light conductor light-emitting face.
An aspect of of the present present invention, the thickness of this light conductor along with and this primary source between distance increase and reduce.
An aspect of of the present present invention on the light-emitting face of this light conductor, disposes the emergent light control member that at least one is selected among diffraction grating, polarization conversion element, polarisation resolution element, the light collective optics.
Description of drawings
Figure 1 shows that the side view of planar light source device embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 shows that the embodiment planimetric map of position relation between the expression region of low refractive index unit of composite bed and high-refractive-index regions unit and primary source.
Figure 3 shows that the embodiment planimetric map of position relation between the expression region of low refractive index unit of composite bed and high-refractive-index regions unit and primary source.
Figure 4 shows that the embodiment planimetric map of position relation between the expression region of low refractive index unit of composite bed and high-refractive-index regions unit and primary source.
Figure 5 shows that planar light source device preferred embodiment side view provided by the present invention.
Figure 6 shows that planar light source device preferred embodiment side view provided by the present invention.
Figure 7 shows that planar light source device preferred embodiment side view provided by the present invention.
Figure 8 shows that the synoptic diagram of the mean breadth of the average thickness of region of low refractive index unit of printing opacity modulator and high-refractive-index regions unit.
Figure 9 shows that planar light source device preferred embodiment sectional view provided by the present invention.
Figure 10 shows that the embodiment planimetric map of observing the primary source configuration from the normal direction of light-emitting face.
Figure 11 shows that the embodiment planimetric map of observing the primary source configuration from the normal direction of light-emitting face.
Figure 12 shows that the embodiment planimetric map of observing the primary source configuration from the normal direction of light-emitting face.
Figure 13 shows that the embodiment planimetric map of observing the primary source configuration from the normal direction of light-emitting face.
Figure 14 shows that the manufacture process synoptic diagram of the printing opacity modulator that utilizes the light-hardening resin composition.
Figure 15 shows that printing opacity modulator and light conductor with the light-hardening resin composition engage, make the embodiment sectional view of planar light source device.
Figure 16 shows that planar light source device preferred embodiment side view provided by the present invention.
Figure 17 shows that planar light source device preferred embodiment sectional view provided by the present invention.
Figure 18 shows that the embodiment planimetric map of position relation between the region of low refractive index unit of composite bed and high-refractive-index regions unit and primary source.
Figure 19 shows that the embodiment planimetric map of position relation between the region of low refractive index unit of composite bed and high-refractive-index regions unit and primary source.
Figure 20 shows that the embodiment planimetric map of position relation between the region of low refractive index unit of composite bed and high-refractive-index regions unit and primary source.
Shown in Figure 21 is stacked embodiment part sectioned view to the low-index layer of light outgoing control function layer prism row.
Shown in Figure 22 is to the low-index layer of light outgoing control function layer prism row and the stacked embodiment part sectioned view of prismatic lens.
Shown in Figure 23 is planar light source device preferred embodiment side view provided by the present invention.
Shown in Figure 24 is planar light source device preferred embodiment ground plan provided by the present invention.
Shown in Figure 25 is planar light source device preferred embodiment ground plan provided by the present invention.
Shown in Figure 26 is planar light source device preferred embodiment ground plan provided by the present invention.
Shown in Figure 27 is planar light source device preferred embodiment ground plan provided by the present invention.
Shown in Figure 28 is planar light source device preferred embodiment synoptic diagram provided by the present invention.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings, embodiments of the invention are described.
Figure 1 shows that planar light source device preferred embodiment side view provided by the invention.In Fig. 1,1 is primary source.Primary source 1 can use active illuminating light sources such as cold-cathode tube, fluorescent tube, LED, led array.6 for constituting tabular travel path, and refractive index is the tabular light conductor of ng.The end face (light entrance face) 9 of light beam (part of directive reverberator 2 can be reflected) that sends by primary source 1 through being positioned at primary source 1 relative position, inject light conductor 6 inside, and, pass through printing opacity modulator 8 at last by light-emitting face 10 even outgoing in these light conductor 6 internal transmission.As shown in the figure, printing opacity modulator 8 is positioned at top (light-emitting face) of light conductor 6, and with these light conductor 6 integrators, following (inner face or the offside one side) of light conductor 6 has reflecting plate 7.Printing opacity modulator 8 also can be positioned at light conductor 6 below.This moment, the top of light conductor 6 was light-emitting face.
The planar light source device of present embodiment is the backlight illuminating system that is used for the back side configuration of penetrating type liquid crystal display cells, if when but being used for the illumination of reflection type liquid crystal display element, remove reflecting plate 7, guarantee slightly to be light peneration on the orthogonal direction (to call " normal direction " in the following text), also can be used as the frontlighting system applies with light-emitting face 10.In addition, the planar light source device of present embodiment, the relatively large area source that also can be used as billboard and lighting device etc. uses.
Planar light source device with present embodiment, utilize a plurality of xsect C (Fig. 1 only represents with 1 dotted line) as shown in Figure 1 to be cut to several sections, can obtain a plurality of bar-shaped light sources, this xsect C and light entrance face 9 and light-emitting face 10 all intersect vertically (promptly with primary source 1 orthogonal), and parallel to each other, at interval suitable distance (for example be no more than light conductor 6 thickness 5 times).When using this bar-shaped light source, primary source 1 can adopt small light sources such as LED.On the length direction of this bar-shaped light source, be banded emergent light distribution and have good briliancy homogeneity.The background illumination that can be used as portable electric appts is used with primary source.
Below relevant explanation of the present invention at planar light source device, but that as above replenishes is such, the explanation of planar light source device summary of the invention is also applicable to bar-shaped light supply apparatus, so here point out, even do not mention bar-shaped light supply apparatus especially, but the content of setting forth below comprises the explanation to bar-shaped light supply apparatus.
As shown in Figure 1, printing opacity modulator 8 comprises that refractive index is that the region of low refractive index unit (the 1st refractive index zone unit) 3 of n1 and refractive index are that (composite bed 50 formed of the high-refractive-index regions unit (unit, the 2nd refractive index zone) of n2＞n1), and refractive index herein is n3 (the light outgoing control function layer (the 3rd index layer) 5 of n3＞n1) herein to n2.Following and the composite bed 50 of this light outgoing control module 5 is combined closely, and is used as light-emitting face 10 above.As shown in the figure, the region of low refractive index unit 3 of composite bed 50 and high-refractive-index regions unit 4, the arrangement of reporting to the leadship after accomplishing a task mutually on the orthogonal direction of light conductor 6 light entrance faces 9, this region of low refractive index unit 3 and high-refractive-index regions unit 4 all extend along the parallel direction of primary source 1 respectively.That is, region of low refractive index unit 3 and high-refractive-index regions unit 4 all are the band shape of extending on primary source 1 parallel direction.
The section shape of region of low refractive index unit 3 and high-refractive-index regions unit 4 is not limited to summary rectangle shown in Figure 1, that is to say to be not limited to the rectangular parallelepiped arrangement architecture of reporting to the leadship after accomplishing a task mutually.For example, the height H 1 (or H2) of region of low refractive index unit (or high-refractive-index regions unit) can be greater than the height H 2 (or H1) of high-refractive-index regions unit (or region of low refractive index unit); Can slightly present semicircular structure; High-refractive-index regions unit 4 section shapes partly or entirely can have a radian curve (having the radian curved-surface structure).
Figure 2 shows that the embodiment planimetric map of 1 position relation of composite bed 50 and primary source.Far away more from primary source 1, the width of region of low refractive index unit 3 (size on the orthogonal direction of primary source 1) is just more little, and the width of high-refractive-index regions unit 4 is just big more.
Fig. 3 and Figure 4 shows that the embodiment planimetric map of the variation of composite bed 50 has primary source 1 among the figure.In Fig. 3, region of low refractive index unit 3 and high-refractive-index regions unit 4 on the orthogonal of primary source 1 and parallel both direction, the arrangement of reporting to the leadship after accomplishing a task mutually, high-refractive-index regions unit 4 is lattice-shaped.Far away more from primary source 1, the width (size on the orthogonal direction of primary source 1) of the region of low refractive index unit 3 parallel with primary source 1 is just more little, and the width of the high-refractive-index regions unit 4 parallel with primary source 1 is just big more.In addition, on the parallel direction of primary source 1, locate with primary source 1 orthogonal direction on the width (size on the parallel direction of primary source 1) of region of low refractive index unit 3 in the middle body maximum, diminish gradually toward both sides.In Fig. 4, region of low refractive index unit 3 and high-refractive-index regions unit 4 are a kind of island structure, and region of low refractive index unit 3 forms island portion, and high-refractive-index regions unit 4 forms extra large portion.Far away more from primary source 1, the area of region of low refractive index unit 3 is more little.That is to say that far away more from primary source 1, the shared area ratio of region of low refractive index 3 is low more.
Figure 18～Figure 20 represents that light entrance face 9 is arranged in the form of composite bed 50 of the planar light source device in light conductor 6 bights, and primary source 1 is a pointolite, with light entrance face 9 in abutting connection with configuration.In Figure 18, the arrangement of region of low refractive index unit 3 and high-refractive-index regions unit 4 is to be the concentric circles at center with primary source 1.In Figure 19, the arrangement of region of low refractive index unit 3 and high-refractive-index regions unit 4 is the island structure.In Figure 20, region of low refractive index unit 3 and high-refractive-index regions unit 4 are irregular distribution, this irregular irregular golf shaft-like (putter) figure that is configured to, no matter from microcosmic or macroscopic perspective, graphics shape all has higher statistics similarity, and the mutual charging efficiency of figure is good.The situation of these three examples all is far away more from primary source 1, and the shared area ratio in region of low refractive index unit 3 is low more.
The spread geometry of region of low refractive index unit 3 and high-refractive-index regions unit 4 can adopt multiple structural feature in the composite bed 50, comprises the use also all capable of being combined of above-mentioned figure.
Figure 5 shows that the 2nd preferred embodiment side view of planar light source device provided by the invention.In this embodiment, all dispose printing opacity modulator 8 below top the reaching of light conductor 6.On the printing opacity modulator 8 below, have reflecting plate 7 on its light outgoing control function layer 5 following.In addition, in this embodiment,, all dispose the primary source 1 of subsidiary reverberator 2 at the relative position of light conductor two end faces parallel to each other.
Below, to the function of the printing opacity modulator 8 in above these planar light source devices, particularly emergent light briliancy distributed control functions describes.
Light outgoing control function layer 5 can be with the major part from the light of light conductor 6 incident printing opacity modulators 8, by light-emitting face 10 to outside outgoing.By end face 9 incidents of light conductor 6, through the maximum cpw waveform of the light of light conductor internal communication, mainly by the refringence decision of region of low refractive index unit 3 and light conductor 6.Light is during by light conductor 6 directive region of low refractive index unit 3, satisfy the propagation waveform light of total reflection condition according to Snell's law, promptly all incident angles are greater than the light of cirtical angle of total reflection θ 1 (by the relation decision of ng and n1), and all reflections are in the light conductor internal transmission.These total reflection waveform light are in the communication process of light conductor inside, when running into high-refractive-index regions unit 4, under the situation of ng＞n2＞n1, all incident angles all pass through these high-refractive-index regions unit 4 leakages to light outgoing control function layer 5 less than new cirtical angle of total reflection θ 2 (by the decision of the relation of n2 and ng) and greater than the propagation waveform light of θ 1.Therefore, in the face of composite bed 50, according to the position different suitably change high-refractive-index regions unit 4 at the occupation density on the composite bed 50 (on the unit area of composite bed 50, the area that high-refractive-index regions unit 4 is shared), can arrive the fader control of light outgoing control function layer 5 at certain value.The mode of variation high-refractive-index regions unit 4 occupation densities has multiple, for example, Fig. 2～Fig. 4, Figure 18～graphics combine shown in Figure 20 is used, or adopted the method for other complicated graphic change; Graphical configuration is similar, changes high-refractive-index regions unit 4 Method for Area according to the position; Use identical graphical configuration, change the method for its arrangement pitches (P).
The refractive index contrast of the refractive index n g by suitable selection light conductor 6 and the refractive index n 2 of high-refractive-index regions unit 4 can be set the size of θ 2 according to needs.Therefore also can control the distribution of emergent light thus.For example, when the difference with ng and n2 is set at a bigger value, thereby the value that makes θ 2 more hour, on the interface of high-refractive-index regions unit 4 and light conductor 6, just increased by the light beam ratio of total reflection, can to from primary source more the light transmission efficiency of distant positions control, more light is propagated.So, change the poor of ng and n2, the also distribution of may command emergent light according to the difference of position in printing opacity modulator 8.
As implied above, utilize the planar light source device that possesses the printing opacity modulator provided by the invention, by above some modes, can freely adjust the light quantity that arrives light outgoing control function layer 5, even the light outgoing efficient of the form of the size and dimension of light conductor 6, primary source 1 and light outgoing control function layer 5 etc. changes, still can be unaffected substantially, independently control the distribution of emergent light, can reach excellent in uniform, requirement that repeatability is good easily.
Utilize this emergent light distribution control technology of the present invention, also can be in light-emitting face, the conscious as required outgoing radiance degree that makes is not evenly distributed, for example according to the distance of primary source 1 distance, progressively increase or reduce the tilt distribution pattern of outgoing light quantity.
More than explanation be ng＞n2 the time situation, generally, can divide three kinds of situations that photocontrol is described according to the magnitude relationship of refractive index n 2, n3 and ng.In planar light source device provided by the invention, the relation of n1＜ng, n1＜n2, n1＜n3 is set up all the time in addition.
Light outgoing control function layer 5 can have directionality light outgoing function, light diffusion function, polarisation control function, optical diffraction function etc. at the light that is turned to printing opacity modulator 8 by light conductor 6.When practical application, in order effectively to realize these optical controlling functions, improve the uniformity coefficient in the light-emitting face, and reach the inclination briliancy distribution character that needs, the shape of the occupation density of the high-refractive-index regions unit 4 in 8 of internal structure, the printing opacity modulators of above-mentioned index of refraction relationship, printing opacity modulator 8 is distributed, mode conversion structure described later and planar light source device are all, all be suitably for most from the incident light pattern of primary source 1 etc. preferable.
1) when n2 〉=n3 〉=ng or n3 〉=n2 〉=ng
When this relation was set up, all incident angles all turned to light outgoing control function layer 5 by high-refractive-index regions unit 4 greater than the propagation waveform light of the light conductor inside of critical angle θ 1 (by the relation decision of n1 and ng).In a single day and after injecting light outgoing control function layer 5, return the light of light conductor 6 again, be only limited to the light of incident angle less than the higher mode of critical angle θ 3 (by the relation decision of n3 and ng).So the standing wave probability that is injected into the light in the light outgoing function control layer 5 is the highest, be subjected to the influence of light function control the strongest.
2) when n2 〉=ng 〉=n3 or ng 〉=n2 〉=n3
When this relation is set up, have only incident angle, turn to light outgoing control function layer 5 by high-refractive-index regions unit 4 greater than critical angle θ 1, less than the part high order propagation waveform light of critical angle θ 3.Therefore other low order mode light all satisfies total reflection condition usually, with 1) situation compare, have more light and propagate to a distant place from primary source 1.And in case inject the light of light outgoing control function layer 5, not limited by waveform, all return light conductor 6 again.So the standing wave probability that is injected into the light in the light outgoing function control layer 5 is little, can suppress the influence of light function control in many aspects.
3) when n3 〉=ng 〉=n2 or ng 〉=n3 〉=n2
When this relation is set up, have only the angle of total reflection, turn to light outgoing control function layer 5 by high-refractive-index regions unit 4 greater than cirtical angle of total reflection θ 1, less than the high order propagation waveform light of critical angle θ 2 (by the relation decision of n2 and ng).Therefore other low order mode light all satisfies total reflection condition usually, with 1) situation compare, have more light and propagate to a distant place from primary source 1.In a single day and after injecting light outgoing control function layer 5, return the light of light conductor 6 again, just be subjected to relevant waveform restriction with critical angle θ 23 (by the relation decision of n3 and n2).So, be injected into the standing wave likelihood ratio above-mentioned 2 of the light in the light outgoing function control layer 5) and want high, also than the influence that is easier to be subjected to the control of light function.
More than these different qualities based on the refractive index magnitude relationship, apply in a flexible way to preferable with the kind and the characteristic of optical controlling function that can corresponding light outgoing control function layer 5.According to different situations, the magnitude relationship of above-mentioned several refractive indexes can and be used for same planar light source device, and according to the difference in 8 interior positions of printing opacity modulator, these relations of applying in a flexible way.In addition, as above-mentioned classification is illustrated, according to the relation between refractive index n 2, n3 and ng, influence to emergent light briliancy distribution character and function effect is different, so by in 8 of printing opacity modulators, changing the relation between these refractive indexes, may command above-mentioned emergent light briliancy distribution character and function effect.
Figure 6 shows that the 3rd preferred embodiment side view of planar light source device provided by the invention.In the figure, with Fig. 1～Fig. 5 in the represented symbol of identical member identical.In the present embodiment, between the composite bed 50 and light conductor 6 of printing opacity modulator, being provided with refractive index is the extra play 11 of n4.This extra play 11 has and high-refractive-index regions unit 4 similar functions, and when n2=n3, extra play 11 alternative high-refractive-index regions unit 4 serve the same role.
As implied above, the feature of present embodiment is exactly to form extra play 11 by the mode of evenly smearing on the top of light conductor 6, the high-refractive-index regions unit 4 that this extra play 11 has with composite bed 50 similarly acts on, in addition can n2=n3, the high-refractive-index regions unit 4 and the light outgoing function control layer 5 that is to say printing opacity modulator inside can adopt same material to constitute, utilize planar light source device provided by the invention, help the cost degradation that industry is made.
In order to obtain the better emergent light of directionality, can make the refractive index n 2 (or n4) and the light conductor refractive index n g of high-refractive-index regions unit 4 (or extra play 11), satisfy n2＜ng (relation of n4＜ng).Thus, can as top illustrated, have only and propagate the light beam of waveform in deciding scope, just understand incident high-refractive-index regions unit 4.
But on the waveguide of parallel flat shape, along with the distance from primary source 1 increases, light conductor 6 is inner can to produce the residual savings of low order mode light, is preferable so the member that these low order mode light is converted to higher mode can be arranged.For example, can be as shown in Figure 7, the thickness that makes light conductor 6 along with and primary source 1 between the change of distance far away, slowly diminish, be a kind of wedge structure, perhaps consider to use the adding diffusion material, modes (these modes also can be used with above-mentioned wedge structure) such as uneven surface, microprism, grid shape, breach be set at light conductor 6 inner faces.Wherein adopting the method for wedge structure, is a kind of basis and the distance of primary source 1, the effective means of continuous and light control waveform conversion.
Among the embodiment of planar light source device shown in Figure 7, be provided with the extra play 11 of low-refraction, purpose is the inside leaded light pattern of control light conductor 6; Adopted the printing opacity modulator 8 that has light diffusion function portion 18, this light diffusion function portion 18 is as light outgoing control function layer 5; Also used inverted prismatic lens 52, it has a plurality of triangular prism row.As shown in FIG., the feature of inverted prismatic lens 52 is, press the light beam of certain angle incident from a prism inclined-plane 53 of each prism row, through another prism inclined-plane 54 total reflections, translation-angle is along the normal direction outgoing up of the light-emitting face (or light outgoing control function layer 5) of light conductor 6.
Light diffusion function portion 18 can utilize light-scattering body such as titanium dioxide to disperse to spread upon to form on the light-emitting face, but in order to give full play to the function of above-mentioned inverted prismatic lens 52, it is preferable having direction-sense light beam by these light diffusion function portion 18 outgoing, and this light beam is injected in the inverted prismatic lens 52 by certain angle.If only by the dispersed light scatterer as light diffusion function portion 18, the angle of emergent light is bigger, direction outgoing that can not be fully as required.
In the past, have directionality outgoing function in order to make the light diffusion function layer, usual way is to adopt fine sand and chips of glass to spray processing, and the pears surface of metal mold is transferred on the light-emitting face of light conductor.At this moment, as the mode of adjusting uniformity coefficient in the planar light source device light-emitting face, be (that is change in location is sprayed intensity in, according to face) of utilizing the intensity of spraying to decide briliancy to distribute to metal mold, adjust the distribution of light outgoing efficient thus, obtain the balance that briliancy distributes in the face.But this injection method is difficult to accurately light outgoing efficient be controlled, and has limitation, also is difficult to determine the optimal process condition in addition, the formation complexity of emergent light control mode, and labor intensive also has some problems at the aspects such as repeatability of uniformity coefficient.
Relative therewith, when utilizing the printing opacity modulator 8 of Fig. 7, the directionality outgoing function of light is realized by the pears surface of the metal mold transfer printing that inverted prismatic lens 52 and injection method form, to the control of uniformity coefficient then as explained above, be not subjected to the influence of directionality outgoing control, by printing opacity modulator 8 independent realizations.So, just saved injection and added the interior uniformity coefficient control of numerous and diverse face in man-hour, can accurately control the distribution of outgoing efficient, also had uniformity coefficient repeatability preferably simultaneously, designed also easier.
When being provided with the extra play 11 of low-refraction, can control to the communication mode in the light conductor with to the light transmission mode of light outgoing control function layer 5 (having light diffusion function portion 18), obtain having the low coverage planar light source device of narrow light outgoing distribution character.Do for example more below and specify.If the refractive index n g of the light conductor among Fig. 76 is 1.49, the refractive index of extra play 11 is 1.40, according to the reflection and transmission law of Si Naier, with the light-emitting face angulation of light conductor greatly the low order mode light 20 below 20 degree can't pass through extra play 11, by the inside of total reflection to light conductor 6.And and the light 19 of the light-emitting face angulation of light conductor between 20 degree～48 degree, by extra play 11, arrive the light diffusion function portion 18 of light outgoing control function layer 5, again along the outgoing outwardly of certain direction.Afterwards, this emergent light is on above-mentioned direction-sense basis, and through the effect of inverted prismatic lens 52, angle changes, and along the normal direction outgoing up of light conductor 6 light-emitting faces, realizes the planar light source device of low coverage, high briliancy thus.In this case, also be along with the increase of primary source 1 distance, the residual savings of low order mode light appears in light conductor inside easily, in order to address this problem, adopt Wedge-shape structures, the thickness that makes light conductor 6 is along with changing with the increase of primary source 1 distance, and/or be provided with and above-mentioned low order is propagated waveform light be converted to high order to propagate the waveform transformation member of waveform light be preferable.
On the other hand, as do not have extra play 11, spend near the propagates light of all patterns 48 degree from 0 and all arrive light outgoing control function layer 5, so, on the basis of the light of all patterns, also can only obtain wide-field emergent light from this light outgoing control function layer.Afterwards,, compare, form the bigger emergent light of angle of visibility and distribute with the situation of using above-mentioned low-refraction extra play 11 by using inverted prismatic lens 52 directives substantially as the light beam of normal direction.
In addition, as mentioned above, light outgoing control function layer 5 not only has directionality outgoing function, also can have the polarisation control function of utilizing laminated thin diaphragm and multilayer refracting plates, utilize the light diffusion function of diffusion material, microprism, pears leather structure etc., utilize the various functions such as optical diffraction function of diffraction grating, can have the function that improves uniformity coefficient in addition.
When region of low refractive index unit 3 and high-refractive-index regions unit 4, average-size on the vertical direction of its orientation (thickness) H1 and H2, the perhaps thickness H4 of extra play 11 very hour (both of these case also may exist simultaneously), understand some unnecessary light wave thoroughly to (oozing out) light outgoing control function layer 5, can not realize the purpose that will reach fully.This will refer to the printing opacity control function, from optics, as long as thickness more than 1 micron, just the problem that light wave oozes out can not occur.If but H1, H2 are too little, just might cause the decline of the dimensional accuracy in the manufacture process, so these sizes are being good more than 5 microns, if can be preferable more than 10 microns.
Fig. 8 represents is relation between the mean breadth W2 of the average thickness H1 of low index ellipsoid portion 3 of printing opacity modulator 8 and high-refractive-index regions unit 4.The size of the average thickness H2 of H1 and/or high-refractive-index regions unit 4 is big more, the just easy more interface in region of low refractive index unit 3 and high-refractive-index regions unit 4 produces unnecessary reflected light, scatterings etc. also increase, also cause simultaneously the increase of material cost, so H1, H2 are being good below 200 microns, be preferable below 100 microns.But if planar light source device is a large tracts of land, along with the picture dimension in the orientation of region of low refractive index unit 3 and high-refractive-index regions unit 4 enlarges, H1 and H2 just are necessary to be set in more than 200 microns.
When the value of W2/H1 is big, the probability that meets in the side 25 of incident ray and region of low refractive index unit 3 is just little, can suppress consequent unnecessary irregular reflection or transmitted light 27, the fundamental purpose of accessible, loyal realization printing opacity modulator function is carried out printing opacity control to the transmission light from light conductor 6 to light outgoing function control layer 5.This point does not depend on having or not of extra play 11.
In addition, when needs are conscious when making low order mode light (less than to the incident light of high-refractive-index regions unit 4 and the region of low refractive index unit 3 of printing opacity modulator 8 and the orientation angulation of high-refractive-index regions unit 4) to 5 infiltrations of light outgoing function control layer, it is bigger that the value of W2/H1 should be set.Therefore the index of refraction relationship of n2 and ng not only can be as explained above, and the pattern of the light of restricted passage high-refractive-index regions unit 4 also matters a lot with the design of the value of W2/H1.This point also is applicable to the situation of extra play 11.For example, when the value of n2/ng less than 1, low order mode light just has been subjected to considerable restraint to the light transmission mode (26) of high-refractive-index regions unit 4, so the value of W2/H1 can be smaller value, roughly between 1 to 2.But, when the value of n2/ng need more be necessary low order mode light to 5 infiltration of light outgoing control function layer for 1 or greater than 1 the time, in this case, need allow the low order mode irradiation of bigger incident angle saturating, by high-refractive-index regions unit 4, so the value of W2/H1 must be set in more than 2.In order to limit the ratio of irregular reflection light 27 as much as possible, the loyal printing opacity that carries out is controlled, and the value of W2/H1 is good greater than 3, is preferable greater than 5, is best greater than 8.Make incident angle when permeating, preferably utilize the above-mentioned waveform transformation function (for example adopting the wedge shape light conductor) that low order mode light is converted to higher mode light when needs are conscious near the propagates light of 90 degree.If but W2/H1 surpasses desired value, just exist and the necessary resolution of the size of the emittance area of light conductor 6, H1, area source between relation, and the dimension of picture of light transmission part is greater than the resolution of human eye, and bright spot just might be regarded as defective, and is bad on the contrary.It is good below 30 that the value of W2/H1 is limited to, and is being preferable below 10.
Generally speaking, the section shape of region of low refractive index unit 3 and high-refractive-index regions unit 4 preferably slightly rectangular (when what specific (special) requirements section shape do not had), the value of W2/H1 is big to be good a bit.So, can be on the above-mentioned interface 25 that occurs in region of low refractive index unit 3 and high-refractive-index regions unit 4, good restriction is played in unnecessary irregular reflection, in addition, when utilizing light-hardening resin to pass through this printing opacity modulator 8 of metal mold transfer printing shaping manufacturing, the advantage that also has a plurality of manufacture views for example can make the making of metal mold be more prone to, and is also easier of metal mold disengaging shaping thing during shaping.
But, here said slightly rectangular section shape, the section shape that is not region of low refractive index unit 3 and high-refractive-index regions unit 4 fully all is a rectangle, for example, region of low refractive index unit 3 and 4 interconnective side end faces, high-refractive-index regions unit are exactly to be made up of several tapers.This is because when utilizing the metal mold transfer printing to make printing opacity modulator 8, this structure (withdrawing pattern awl) is easier to separate the shaping thing from metal mold.
Figure 9 shows that planar light source device provided by the invention, a kind of different preferred embodiment sectional view.In this embodiment, in order to obtain good high briliancy emergent light directionality, the surface of the light outgoing control function layer 5 of printing opacity modulator 8 (can form good emergent light uniformity coefficient) has a plurality of prism row 28.That is, the inner face in the opposite side of light-emitting face (as the light-emitting face 10 of planar light source device) of light conductor 6 is provided with printing opacity modulator 8, has a plurality of prism row 28 (being made of 2 prism facets 28a and 28b) below its light outgoing control function layer 5.These prism row 28 are parallel to each other, and optical propagation direction is vertical substantially in the direction of arranging and the light conductor.This is because when crest line orthogonal that the optical propagation direction of incident light and prism are listed as, can the most effectively make light along normal direction outgoing up.In the present embodiment, prism row 28 are along slightly being parallel direction arrangement with light conductor 6 light entrance faces 9.When particularly utilizing point source of light as primary source 1, preferably can corresponding point-like configured light sources, adopt that aftermentioned is the sort of to wait the arc pattern around the circular-arc of primary source 1, and same optimal prism row pattern.In addition, the prism row also can be positioned at the inside of light outgoing control function layer 5, or separate from the body of light outgoing control function layer 5, form and the close-connected accessory constituent of this body.
Each prism facets 28a and 28b by suitable design prism row 28 can freely set the peak value shooting angle.For example, the pitch angle that light-emitting face and inner face became of a side (with the face (the 1st prism facets) of primary source distance) 28a with the light conductor 6 of prism row 28 will be constituted, be set at the value between 35 degree～55 degree, with the pitch angle that light-emitting face and inner face became of another side (with the near face (the 2nd prism facets) of primary source distance) 28b with light conductor 6, be set at the value between 80 degree～100 degree, can make the normal direction of the basic directive light-emitting face 10 of peak light of emergent light like this, the angular distribution that also can dwindle emergent light simultaneously.In order to make emergent light more near normal direction, the pitch angle that makes the 1st prism facets 28a is in the scope of 40 degree～50 degree, and the pitch angle of the 2nd prism facets 28b is good in the scope of 85 degree～95 degree.
The spacing of prism row 28 can suitably be selected in the range of work, but is good in 10～500 mu m ranges, is preferable in 30～300 mu m ranges.In order to prevent moire, also can part or change the spacing of prism row 28 continuously.If planar light source device becomes the length-width-ratio of big or light conductor 6 and becomes big, cause the uniformity coefficient in the light-emitting face to descend easily, in this case, by part or change the spacing of prism row 28 continuously, also can strengthen the effect of improving of uniformity coefficient.In addition, prism facets can be the curved surface of plane or certain curvature, and the angular distribution of emergent light may increase slightly during for curved surface.
In above this prism row 28, the light utilization ratio on prism top is poor.So, the top of prism row 28 is processed as Any shape such as flat condition, section polygon or section R shape, can not produce great influence to optical property.The top of prism row 28 is a flat condition, can also alleviate because the injury that friction causes prism facets.In addition, the paddy portion with 28 of adjacent prisms row is processed as flat condition, the exit dose of may command light.According to the position difference, change the degree of depth of the top of above-mentioned prism row 28 and paddy portion processing and form etc., can reach the photodistributed purpose of control outgoing.
The effect of the 1st prism facets 28a of prism row 28 is to make the light total reflection, the normal direction of directive light conductor 6 light-emitting faces 10.This function if can be accomplished fully, can be as shown in figure 21, and in the outside that the prism row are arranged, stacked low-index layer 5 ' (refractive index is n5, less than the refractive index n 3 of these prism row 28) is to cover the concaveconvex shape that the prism row are arranged.Adopt this structure, can avoid since injury that friction causes prism facets and dirt go deep into that the prism row arrange concavo-convex in.
In addition, also can adopt structure as shown in figure 22, in the outside that prism row 28 are arranged, (refractive index is n5 by low-index layer 5 ', it is refractive index n 3 less than light outgoing control function layer 5) chimeric that (the 1st prism facets and the 2nd prism facets of prism row 28 are passed through low-index layer respectively, with prismatic lens 5 " the 2nd prism facets and the 1st prism facets relative) prismatic lens 5 arranged ", this prismatic lens has with the prism row of prism row 28 basic identical shapes to be arranged, and arranges the light outgoing control function layer 5 that forms with prism row 28 and adopt the essentially identical translucent material of refractive index.The material of low-index layer use organism or inorganics can, also can be air.Adopt this structure, also can avoid since injury that friction causes prism facets and dirt go deep into that the prism row arrange concavo-convex in.
The angle of prism shape, particularly prism facets by suitable setting prism row 28, this form also can be used for the planar light source device of frontlighting.Promptly, with device shown in Figure 9 as the frontlighting planar light source device, at this moment, above light-emitting face 10, dispose reflection type liquid crystal display element LC, under the effect of prism row 28, to liquid crystal display cells LC outgoing, this emergent light returns prism row 28 through reflection type liquid crystal display element LC reflection as the light that is loaded with image information to light again by light-emitting face 10.This is loaded with the light of image information, more as far as possible not refraction see through prism facets 28, the outside of directive prism facets 28 (below), just observer's position.
Under situation as the frontlighting planar light source device, it is good adopting following such unitized construction, i.e. 10 one-tenth 30 degree～miter angles of the 1st prism facets 28a and light-emitting face, 10 one-tenth 70 degree～an angle of 90 degrees of the 2nd prism facets 28b and light-emitting face, perhaps 10 one-tenth 30 degree of the 1st prism facets 28a and light-emitting face～50 are spent angles, the 2nd prism facets 28b and light-emitting face 10 angulations are good below 20 degree, are preferable below 10 degree.
During as the frontlighting planar light source device, the top of prism row 28 can be even shape.At this moment, by the light of reflection type liquid crystal display element LC reflected back prism row 28, easier seeing through.The paddy portion that the adjacent prisms row are 28 also can be flat condition.
In addition, in the outside that prism row are arranged, also can stacked low-index layer (refractive index is n5, less than the refractive index n 3 of these prism row 28), to cover the concaveconvex shape that the prism row are arranged.Adopt this structure, can avoid since injury that friction causes prism facets and dirt go deep into that the prism row arrange concavo-convex in.Particularly under the situation of frontlighting, be in the position nearest, be starved of and cover the concaveconvex shape that the prism row are arranged, form flat structures apart from the observer.
Also have, under situation as the frontlighting planar light source device, also can be in the outside that prism row 28 are arranged, (refractive index is n5 by low-index layer, refractive index n 3 less than light outgoing control function layer 5) chimeric prismatic lens, this prismatic lens has with the prism row of prism row 28 basic identical shapes to be arranged, and arranges the light outgoing control function layer 5 that forms with prism row 28 and adopt the essentially identical translucent material of refractive index.Adopt this structure, also can avoid since injury that friction causes prism facets and dirt go deep into that the prism row arrange concavo-convex in.When adopting this structure, through the reflection of reflection type liquid crystal display element LC, the light of back prism row 28 do not take place in fact refraction be transmission to the observer, be a kind of ideal front illuminated area light supply apparatus.
When the frontlighting planar light source device, the setting that the spacing of prism row 28 can be as described above.
The above-mentioned planar light source device that has prism row 28 shown in Figure 9 is a kind of good homogeneous outgoing light source, we can say the aiming height of light.Therefore, utilize this feature, having the opposite side configuration outgoing light control member of this prism row one side again, for example diffraction grating and polarization conversion element (multilayer refracting plates etc.), polarisation resolution element, lens light collecting elements such as (cylindrical lens, biconvex lens, prism, anisotropy lens etc.), reinforcement can obtain a kind of high-performance, high briliancy and briliancy uniform surface light source device to the control of emergent light.
Above Shuo Ming this planar light source device with good orientation outgoing function also can obtain a kind of good evenness, outgoing efficient height thus used as bar-shaped light supply apparatus, have the light source of elongated shape light outgoing pattern.At this moment, near the light-emitting face of this bar-shaped light supply apparatus, along the vertical direction of bar-shaped light source length direction, configuration has the right cylinder convex lens of lens curved surface, the light source that obtains like this, its emergent light distribution angle on this vertical direction of may command.
The primary source of this bar-shaped light supply apparatus as planar light source device can be used, be arranged near the incident end face of light conductor, constitute a kind of planar light source device.What Figure 16 represented is exactly a kind of like this planar light source device preferred embodiment side view provided by the invention, and Figure 17 is the embodiment sectional view that constitutes the bar-shaped light supply apparatus of this planar light source device.
In Figure 16,1 is provided by the invention, constitutes the bar-shaped light supply apparatus of planar light source device primary source.The light conductor 6 of planar light source device and the formation of printing opacity modulator 8 are identical with Fig. 9.101a, 101b are the primary source of bar-shaped light supply apparatus 1,106 is the light conductor of bar-shaped light supply apparatus 1,108 is the printing opacity modulator of bar-shaped light supply apparatus 1, and 103,104,105 are respectively region of low refractive index unit, high-refractive-index regions unit and light outgoing control function layer.Primary source 101a, 101b can use LED etc. for example slightly to be the light source of point-like.The middle body of light conductor 106 on bar-shaped light supply apparatus 1 length direction is the thinnest, and two ends are the thickest, by the light of each light source 101a, 101b incident by the good light conductor middle body that is directed at.Light outgoing control function layer 105 has and the above-mentioned prism row 28 same prism row of arranging 128.But prism row 128 are the boundary with the middle body of bar-shaped light supply apparatus 1 length direction, be divided into two parts to primary source 101a, 101b, in the close part of primary source 101a, from primary source 101a far away be the 1st prism facets 128a, from primary source 101a near be the 2nd prism facets 128b, and near in the part of primary source 101b, be from primary source 101b far away be the 1st prism facets 128a, from primary source 101b near be the 2nd prism facets 128b.
In the present embodiment, use has the printing opacity modulator, and (this printing opacity modulator drives light outgoing control function layer 105, light outgoing control function layer 105 has prism row 128) bar-shaped light supply apparatus 1 as primary source, therefore by the light of primary source outgoing, brought together along in the narrow range of light conductor 106 incident end face normal directions, and had good briliancy homogeneity.So,, can obtain the planar light source device that the emergent light distribution angle is little, the briliancy homogeneity is high on bar-shaped light supply apparatus length direction by utilizing this bar-shaped light supply apparatus 1 as primary source.In addition, have the printing opacity modulator 8 of the light outgoing control function layer 105 of prism row 128 by use as planar light source device, can obtain a kind of light along the narrow angular scope outgoing on light-emitting face 10 normal directions, and have the inhomogeneity planar light source device of good briliancy in the light-emitting face.The bar-shaped light source that this emergent light distribution is narrow, directionality is high is particularly suitable as the frontlighting light source.
In addition, as a kind of mode of improving uniformity coefficient, the thickness (and the light conductor light-emitting face slightly is the size on the orthogonal direction) that can make light conductor 106 along with and primary source 101a, 101b between distance increase and reduce.Adopt this method that reduces light conductor thickness in addition, also do not need reducing simply, the part that reduces can be arranged, the part of fixed thickness also can be arranged, the ratio that reduces in addition also can change.
1 secondary light source 1 as planar light source device provided by the invention is used except that can using linear light sources such as cold-cathode tube and fluorescent lamp, also can use LED and Halogen lamp LED etc. slightly to be the light source of point-like.
The light source 30 that slightly is point-like can be positioned at the indentation, there in light conductor 6 bights as shown in figure 10, also can be configured in the adjacent position of light conductor 6 end faces as shown in figure 11.Also light source 30 can be disposed at the inside of light conductor 6.Also can adopt and arrange the array element-led array 31 that forms continuously as shown in figure 12 in addition by a plurality of led light sources that slightly are point-like.Led light source can use monochromatic source and have the White LED light source of red, green, blue three primary colors wavelength light.
As implied above, when using point source of light such as LED as primary source 1, selecting to have the most as required, the light source of suitable luminous pattern is preferable.On the parallel direction of light conductor 6 light-emitting faces, the primary source luminous pattern preferably can have bigger distribution range.So, can relax high this phenomenon of luminance ratio other parts in primary source the place ahead.When primary source was arranged at the end face of light conductor 6, on the parallel direction of light conductor 6 light-emitting faces, the peak value half range value of primary source luminous pattern was good between 120 degree～180 degree.When primary source is arranged at the bight of light conductor 6, the basic angle with light conductor of the distribution angle of light after incident light conductor 6 is consistent to be preferable, so if the angle in light conductor 6 bights is 90 degree, then on the parallel direction of light conductor 6 light-emitting faces, the peak value half range value of primary source luminous pattern is preferable between 60 degree～120 degree, if the angle in light conductor 6 bights is 45 degree, then this peak value half range value is preferable between 20 degree～70 degree.
In addition, on the vertical direction of light conductor 6 light-emitting faces, the distribution range of primary source luminous pattern is excessive, then near primary source, just big by the light quantity ratio of light conductor 6 outgoing, cause the briliancy uniformity coefficient to descend easily, and the distribution range of primary source luminous pattern is too small, not incident printing opacity modulator then, light quantity ratio reciprocal in light conductor 6 is just big, causes briliancy to descend easily.On the vertical direction of light conductor 6 light-emitting faces, the peak value half range value of primary source luminous pattern is preferable between 10 degree～120 degree.The distribution angle scope of primary source luminous pattern on this direction, can be less when the planar light source device area is big, and it is hour more preferable at the planar light source device area, for example when the area of planar light source device below 3 inches the time, this distribution angle is good between 60 degree～120 degree, when the area of planar light source device was in 3 inches to 8 inches scopes, this distribution angle was good between 10 degree～70 degree.
For example, as Figure 16 and shown in Figure 17, when utilizing bar-shaped light supply apparatus provided by the invention as the primary source of planar light source device, there is no need to make the light of bar-shaped light supply apparatus outgoing to launch on the parallel direction of light conductor 106 light-emitting faces, can comparatively narrowly be preferable so the luminous pattern of bar-shaped light supply apparatus distributes.Specifically, the luminous pattern peak value half range value of bar-shaped light supply apparatus is preferable below 30 degree.
When particularly using LED, can utilize the lens shape that has LED, the emergent light angular distribution of primary source is controlled as primary source.
In device shown in Figure 13, be to make primary source with a kind of new light emitting source through conversion, roughly be like this: the light that sends from least one LED30, cut the scrambling transformation mode through segmentation, it is become light than the finer light source of this LED, or, it becoming the light of continuous line source through other mapping mode, these reenter through light conversion, that be more suitable for light conductor 6 incident end faces and penetrate the light conductor 6 that slightly is tabular then.The light that LED is sent becomes than the used segmentation of light of the finer light source of this LED and cuts the scrambling transformation mode, can adopt the optical fiber array 32 that has plastic optical fibre (POF) arrangement architecture.At this moment, 1 fibre-optic diameter depends on the thickness of used light conductor 6, but uses the optical fiber of minor diameter more, to realizing that more uniform to cut apart small configured light sources body just favourable more.During use optical fiber array as implied above, this optical fiber quality softness, therefore the position that can freely dispose LED30 can be used for constructing more succinct small-sized LCD.Its advantage also comprises, can be easily with photoconduction to extremely thin light conductor, can also reduce the light loss that causes because of fibre-optic bending etc. simultaneously.So fibre-optic diameter is good below 1mm, be preferable below 0.5mm, be best below 0.25mm.If but use fibre-optic diameter too little, used fibre-optic number is just many, also can produce trouble on making, and therefore fibre-optic diameter is preferable more than 0.10mm.
In the present invention, when using point source of light such as LED as primary source 1, as shown in figure 23, driving at the inner face of light conductor 6 has the circular-arc prism row 228 (being made of 2 prism facets) that wait arc to extend, and a plurality of these prism row 228 are arranged around point source of light 1.The prism row can form preferable along the vertical direction prolongation of optical propagation direction (along the direction of propagation in the light-emitting face face) in the point source of light 1 incident light conductor 6.In general, in order to make from the light of point source of lights such as LED incident to light conductor, along in the face of light-emitting face, can be the center with point source of light 1, being radial propagates in light conductor 6, prism row 228 are the arc-shaped structure around point source of light, and therefore on whole of prism row 228, prism row 228 all slightly are vertical with optical propagation direction.In the embodiment shown in Figure 23, point source of light 1 is positioned at the bight of light conductor 6, and it is the concentric circles at center with point source of light 1 that the prism row 228 of circular arc form basic.
Circular-arc each the prism row 228 that are circular concentric are by forming from the near prism inclined-plane (the 2nd prism facets) of point source of light 1 with from point source of light 1 prism inclined-plane (the 1st prism facets) far away, the light of incident light conductor 6 reflects when propagating in light conductor repeatedly, arrive the light of the 1st prism facets, be somebody's turn to do direction total reflection towards light-emitting face.At this moment, according to the size to the incident angle of the 1st prism facets, reflection direction is widely different.But in the present invention, the prism row 228 of circular arc are formed centrally concentric circles in point source of light 1 being substantially, therefore in nearly all position of prism row 228, incident light from point source of light 1 substantially all is vertical with prism row 228, along in the face of light-emitting face, to the slightly incident in vertical direction of the 1st prism facets, nearly all light all can be by good the reflecting to specific direction of efficient.So, under the identical situation of power consumption, can improve briliancy, can also improve the homogeneity of briliancy simultaneously, eliminate and have only the shinny speck phenomenon in light source the place ahead.
In the present invention, point source of light 1 can be disposed at optimal position according to its purpose as Figure 24～shown in Figure 28.According to the configuration of this point source of light 1, the arc prism row 228 that the inner face of the relative side of light conductor 6 light-emitting faces has also form optimal figure.In these all examples, prism row 228 are all curved, and the light of propagating in the light conductor 6 is nearly all to prism row 228 incident in vertical direction.Figure 24 is the synoptic diagram of point source of light 1 when being positioned at two bights of light conductor 6 diagonal positions, is the boundary with two light entrance face 9 equidistant lines of distance, is divided into the relative arc prism row 228 of both direction, is the center with the near point source of light 1 of its distance respectively.Figure 25 is the synoptic diagram of point source of light 1 when being positioned at light conductor 6 one side end face middle positions, in light entrance face 9 one sides, formation is the circular arc prism row 228 at center with point source of light 1, along with more and more nearer with opposite one side of light entrance face 9, radian reduces gradually, the middle body of the prism row 228 of Xing Chenging almost becomes slightly parallel straight line with the opposite of light entrance face 9 at last, is arc at both ends only.The formation of Figure 26 is except that point source of light 1, and other is identical with Figure 25, and its point source of light 1 is to press close to the LED aggregate that (for example interval of 1～2mm) forms mutually by a plurality of LED.Figure 27 is near the synoptic diagram of 2 point source of lights when being positioned at the middle position of 6 two opposing end surfaces of light conductor, is the boundary with the Central Line of light conductor 6, is divided into the relative arc prism row 228 of both direction, is the center with the near point source of light 1 of its distance respectively.Point source of light 1 among Figure 28 is arranged in the depressed part that the inner face of the opposite side of light conductor 6 light-emitting faces has.At this moment, prism row 228 are around the depressed part of taking in point source of light 1, and forming with point source of light 1 is a plurality of concentric circless at center.In depressed part, it is preferable having air layer or resin-like transparency material between point source of light 1 and the light conductor 6.
In addition, as so direct inner face at light conductor 6 when forming the prism row, there is printing opacity modulator 8 the light-emitting face upper erengy band of light conductor 6 for preferable.
The material of light conductor 6 can use transparent plate objects such as glass and synthetic resin.Synthetic resin can use the various synthetic resin of the high transparents such as co-polymer of acrylic resin, polycarbonate resin, Corvic, polyene resin, polystyrene or methylmethacrylate (MMA) and styrene (St), utilize common methods such as extrusion molding, injection molding, these synthetic resin are formed plate object, to make light conductor.Particularly isobutylene resin such as polymethacrylate has good light transmittance, thermotolerance, mechanical characteristic, formability, is suitable as the leaded light body material most.This isobutylene resin is to be the resin of principal ingredient with the methacrylate methyl, and the weight content of methacrylate methyl is being preferable more than 80%.In addition, in light conductor 6, also can sneak into light diffusing agent and particulate etc.
As mentioned above, comprise light conductor 6, the refractive index of region of low refractive index unit 3, high-refractive-index regions unit 4, light outgoing control function energy 5 and extra play 11 need be done corresponding adjustment sometimes.Particularly light conductor 11, and its effect is a communication mode of adjusting light conductor inside, so need to use the lower material of refractive index of refractive index ratio light conductor.In general, glass transition temperature (Tg) is many considers factors such as thermotolerance and refractive index control below room temperature, and selecting the bigger copolymer of Tg is preferable as the material that constitutes than low-index layer.
To the present invention useful, than the material of low-refraction, with the independent polymkeric substance of from the monomer group of methylmethacrylate, fluorinated alkyl (methyl) acrylate, fluorinated alkyl-alpha-fluoro acrylic ester, alpha-fluoro acrylic ester, pentafluorophenyl group methylmethacrylate, pentafluorophenyl group-alpha-fluoro acrylic ester, pentafluorophenyl group methyl acrylate, selecting, and/or from this monomer group, select, refractive index is adjustable, the co-polymer of highly transparent is preferable.In addition, the low-index layer (extra play) between light conductor and the printing opacity modulator carries out evaporation with low-refraction inorganic material magnesium fluoride and forms.Compare with above-mentioned material than low-refraction, higher refractive index materials has polycarbonate resin, vibrin, acrylic resin, polyene resin etc.The refractive index of the light conductor material therefor height of should trying one's best, and the range of choice of low-index layer material therefor is just relatively wider.
The high-refractive-index regions unit 4 of printing opacity modulator provided by the invention, light outgoing control function layer 5, extra play 11 employed materials can be the ultraviolet hardening resin composition.The principal ingredient of this ultraviolet hardening resin composition can be polymerizable compound, the ultraviolet irritability radical polymerization that molecule contains acryloyl group or methacrylyl and begins agent or ultraviolet light absorber (also can contain ultraviolet irritability radical polymerization simultaneously and begin agent and ultraviolet light absorber).
The polymerizable compound that molecule contains (methyl) acryloyl group has optical polymerism oligomer, multi-functional (methyl) acrylate, single function (methyl) acrylate etc.
The optical polymerism oligomer has polyurethane (methyl) acrylate oligomer and epoxide polymerization (methyl) acrylate oligomer etc.; polyurethane (methyl) acrylate oligomer is the polyisocyanate that molecule contains 2 above isocyanate group; the compound that contains hydroxyl and (methyl) acryloyl group with molecule reacts and obtains; epoxide polymerization (methyl) acrylate oligomer is molecule to be contained compound that the epoxy compound of 2 above epoxy radicals and molecule contain carboxyl and (methyl) acryloyl group react and obtain.
Specifically, by diisocyanate cpds such as isophorone diisocyanate, tetramethylbenzene dimethyl diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, toluene support diisocyanate, and hydroxyl (methyl) acrylate compounds such as hydroxyethyl (methyl) acrylate, hydroxypropyl (methyl) acrylate, pentaerythrite three (methyl) acrylate, glycerine two (methyl) acrylate react and obtain polyurethane (methyl) acrylate oligomer; Closed epoxy compounds such as bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and (methyl) acrylic acid reacts and obtains epoxide polymerization (methyl) acrylate oligomer by bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, Bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, bisphenol-S diglycidyl ether, tetrabromo.
Multi-functional (methyl) acrylate compounds has ethylene glycol bisthioglycolate (methyl) acrylate; diglycol two (methyl) acrylate; triethylene glycol two (methyl) acrylate; polyglycol two (methyl) acrylate; three tripropylene glycol two (methyl) acrylate that contract; poly-dipropylene glycol two (methyl) acrylate; poly-fourth support glycol two (methyl) acrylate; 1; 3-butylene glycol two (methyl) acrylate; 1; 6-hexanediol two (methyl) acrylate; neopentyl glycol two (methyl) acrylate; 2; two [4-(first) acryloyl group the hydroxyphenyl]-propylene of 2-; 2; two [4-(first) acryloyl group hydroxy ethoxy the benzene]-propylene of 2-; 2; two [4-(first) acryloyl group hydroxyl the diethoxybenzene]-propylene of 2-; 2; two [4-(first) acryloyl group hydroxyl five the ethoxybenzenes]-propylene of 2-; 2; two [4-(first) acryloyl group hydroxy ethoxy-3-phenyl the benzene]-propylene of 2-; two [4-(first) acryloyl group sulfur phenenyl] sulfide; two [4-(first) acryloyl group hydroxyphenyl]-sulfonated bodies; two [4-(first) acryloyl group hydroxy ethoxy benzene]-sulfonated bodies; two [4-(first) acryloyl group hydroxyl diethoxybenzene]-sulfonated bodies; two [4-(first) acryloyl group hydroxyl five ethoxybenzenes]-iodide; two [4-(first) acryloyl group hydroxy ethoxy-3-phenyl benzene]-sulfonated bodies; two [4-(first) acryloyl group hydroxy ethoxies-3; the 5-dimethyl benzene]-sulfonated bodies; two [4-(first) acryloyl group hydroxyphenyl]-sulfide; two [4-(first) acryloyl group hydroxy ethoxy benzene]-sulfide; two [4-(first) acryloyl group hydroxyl five ethoxybenzenes]-sulfide; two [4-(first) acryloyl group hydroxy ethoxy-3-phenyl benzene]-sulfide; two [4-(first) acryloyl group hydroxy ethoxies-3; the 5-dimethyl benzene]-sulfide; 2; 2-two [4-(first) acryloyl group hydroxy ethoxy-3,5-dibromobenzene propylene]; trihydroxymethyl propane three (methyl) acrylate; pentaerythrite three (methyl) acrylate; pentaerythrite four (methyl) acrylate; dipentaerythritol six (methyl) acrylate etc.
Single function (methyl) acrylate compounds has phenyl (methyl) acrylate, benzyl (methyl) acrylate, phenethyl (methyl) acrylate, phenoxy group (methyl) acrylate, to cumenyl phenol epoxy oxidative deformation (methyl) acrylate, isobornyl (methyl) acrylate, cyclohexyl (methyl) acrylate, dicyclopentenyl (methyl) acrylate, dicyclopentadiene (methyl) acrylate, tetrahydrochysene chaff (methyl) acrylate, methyl (methyl) acrylate, ethyl (methyl) acrylate, propyl group (methyl) acrylate, n-butyl (methyl) acrylate, i-butyl (methyl) acrylate, t-butyl (methyl) acrylate, penta (methyl) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (methyl) acrylate, n-hexyl (methyl) acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (methyl) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (methyl) acrylate, 2-hydroxyl butyl (methyl) acrylate, 4-hydroxyl butyl (methyl) acrylate, phosphorus ethyl (methyl) acrylate etc.
In the present invention, above-mentioned these compounds both can use separately, also can two or more mixing use.
The ultraviolet irritability radical polymerization that the present invention uses begins agent, is that a kind of induction ultraviolet ray back generates free radical, begins the composition of the polyreaction of above-mentioned polymerizable compound.The ultraviolet irritability radical polymerization of using begins agent and can have light absorption in 360～400nm wavelength region may, and not have substantial light absorption be preferable to the zone more than the 400nm wavelength.This be because, make ultraviolet irritability radical polymerization begin agent and have light absorption in 360～400nm wavelength region may, just can absorb the nonabsorbable ultraviolet ray of ultraviolet light absorber, effectively generate free radical.In addition, substantial light absorption is not carried out in the zone more than the 400nm wavelength, can form not dyed layer.Substantial light absorption is not carried out in so-called zone more than the 400nm wavelength, be meant when ultraviolet irritability radical polymerization in reality begins the working concentration of agent and printing opacity modulator thickness, zone more than the 400nm wavelength begins the light that agent causes by ultraviolet irritability radical polymerization and attracts below 1%.The weight of supposing above-mentioned polymerizable compound is 100, and the interpolation weight that this ultraviolet ray irritability radical polymerization begins agent is good in 0.01～5 scope, is preferable in 0.1～3 scope.This is because if ultraviolet irritability radical polymerization begins the addition less than 0.01 of agent, then work the sclerosis of sending out by ultraviolet ray and have delay phenomenon, and if above 5, the lens section that obtains is if any painted.This ultraviolet ray irritability radical polymerization begins agent and can use 3,3-dimethyl-4-methoxyl-benzophenone, benzyl dimethyl ketal, P-dimethylamino benzoic acid isopentyl, P-dimethylamino benzoic acid ethyl, benzophenone, P-methoxyl benzophenone, 2, the 2-diethoxy acetophenone, 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenyl-1-ketone, 1-hydroxyl cyclohexyl benzophenone, the aminomethyl phenyl glyoxylate, the ethylphenyl glyoxylate, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl benzene-1-ketone, 2-methyl isophthalic acid-[4-(first sulphur) phenyl]-2-morpholine acetone-1,2,4,6-trimethylbenzene formyl hexichol hydrogen phosphide oxide etc.These compositions can use separately, also can two or more mixing use.
Be applied to when of the present invention, aminomethyl phenyl glyoxylate in these compositions, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl benzene-1-ketone, 1-hydroxyl cyclohexyl benzophenone, 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenyl-1-ketone, benzyl dimethyl ketal, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzene formyl hexichol hydrogen phosphide oxide is all preferable aspect hardening.
The ultraviolet light absorber that the present invention is used is a kind of ultraviolet ray that absorbs as outer light incident, suppresses the deterioration that ultraviolet ray causes and goes bad, and guarantees the composition with the tack of light conductor for a long time.
In addition, in UV cured composition of the present invention, can also contain various adjuvants such as antioxidant, anti-flavescence agent, blueing agent, pigment, antisettling agent, defrother, electrostatic prevention agent interfering, antifoggant as required.
Above-mentioned UV cured composition is applicable to and need forms the optical sheet of Micropicture on the surface of film like, sheet, tabular transparent matrix material.In this optical sheet, at least one surface of transmittance matrix material will have the hard resin-layer that is obtained by above-mentioned UV cured composition sclerosis.The transmittance matrix material that uses is as long as can see through ultraviolet ray, the special qualification of nothing, soft glass plate etc. be can use, but lucite film, sheet or plates such as acrylic resin, polycarbonate resin, Corvic, poly-methylene imine resin, vibrin generally are to use.
Manufacture method to the planar light source device that utilizes printing opacity modulator provided by the present invention describes below.Printing opacity modulator of the present invention can utilize the batch production mode or the continuous mode of production to make.Below, utilize Figure 14, to the continuous producing method of planar light source device, describe especially with this printing opacity modulator.
In Figure 14,36 is the luminescence-utraviolet light source, can use chemical reaction fluorescent light, Cooper-Hewitt lamp, high-pressure mercury-vapor lamp, metal halide lamp, visible light halogen lamp, sunshine etc.Carrying out the energy control in when irradiation ultraviolet ray, is that this standard of 0.05～10J/cm2 is preferable according to the cumlative energy of 360～400 wavelength.The ultraviolet irradiation environment can be air, also can be inert gases such as nitrogen, argon.35 is the shape transferred thereon metal mold of optical sheet, can be to metal patterns such as aluminium, brass, steel, electroplate with synthetic resin moulds such as silicones, urethane resin, epoxy resin, ABS resin, fluororesin, polymethylpentenes and to obtain, also can utilize the material of mixing various metal powders.Wherein metal pattern is all more satisfactory aspect thermotolerance and intensity.In configuration aspects, have the concavity figure on the cylinder material, directly form 41 among Figure 15 by transfer printing, the corresponding figure of a side of printing opacity modulator (for example, the convex figure of the high-refractive-index regions unit 4 shown in the figure), the single face coil sheet that has this concavity figure is attached on the core roller in addition, and is fixed.
In Figure 14, the 40th, with the pressure roller of shape transferred thereon metal mold 35 disposed adjacent of cylinder shape (cylindric), purpose is to make the UV cured composition film that injects between transmittance matrix material 37 and this metal mold, keep thickness evenly.Pressure roller 40 can be various metallic rollers, rubber system roller etc.Among the figure 33 is containers of store ultraviolet line hardening composition, and the temperature for composition that can control store has heat resource equipments such as armored electrothermal furnace or hot water box at internal tank or exterior arrangement.
Be stored in the UV cured constituent 38 in the container 33,, output between transmittance matrix material 37 and the metal mold 35 by taking over by feed nozzle 34.Afterwards, UV cured composition 38 remains between transmittance matrix material 37 and the cylindrical metal mold, and be injected in the concavity figure that cylindrical metal mold outer peripheral face has, see through transmittance matrix material 37 by luminescence-utraviolet light source 36 then and carry out the ultraviolet ray irradiation, make UV cured composition generation polymerization sclerous reaction, transfer printing goes out the convex figure 41 of a side of printing opacity modulator.Then, the optical sheet 39 that obtains is stripped down from the cylindrical metal mold.
In order to obtain printing opacity modulator configuration as shown in figure 15, after utilizing said method to form the sag and swell of a side figure 41 of transparent base material 43 (transmittance matrix materials 37), also to utilize the transfer roll metal mold that has pears skin shape transfer surface, make and use the same method, on the transparent base material face of these figure 41 opposite sides, form functional layer 42 (for example the surface is the light diffusion function layer of pears leather structure).Can make the printing opacity modulator 8 that the two sides all possesses functional configuration continuously thus.In addition, in Figure 15, also can form above-mentioned smooth outgoing control function layer 5 by transparent base material 43, and on light outgoing control function layer 5 configuration feature layer 42.
Will be as shown in figure 15, the printing opacity modulator sheet and the light conductor 6 that utilize above method to make are integrated, when making planar light source device, be on the light-emitting face of this light conductor 6, to smear to form very thin adhering agent layer (glue layer) 44, high-refractive-index regions unit 4 with the printing opacity modulator engages with adhering agent layer (glue layer) 44 then, forms one with light conductor 6.The thickness d of this adhering agent layer 44 can not be too big, otherwise can flow owing to gummed pressure produces big distortion, influence the sag and swell of printing opacity device 8, the realization of infringement target function, for example in Figure 15, be preferable less than the thickness H1 of region of low refractive index layer (air layer) 3, d/H1 is being good below 0.5, be preferable below 0.2, below 0.1 for better.For example, when the value of H1 was 50 μ m, d was preferable below 5 μ m.If but adhering agent layer is too thin, just do not have enough glue performances, so the thickness of adhering agent layer 44 is good more than 2 μ m, more than 4 μ m, be preferable.In addition, above-mentioned adhering agent layer 44 also can use Photohardening resin composition to form.As previously mentioned, at the very thin Photohardening resin composition of smearing on the light conductor 6, and with the chip bonding of printing opacity modulator together, then by UV cured effect, two parts are combined as a whole.If use the material of low-refraction to form adhering agent layer, also can have the function of the low-index layer (extra play) 11 of Figure 6 and Figure 7 simultaneously.
Below the embodiment of the invention 1 is specifically described.
With reference to the method for Figure 14 and Figure 15 explanation, make the planar light source device that has the printing opacity modulator, this printing opacity modulator has light diffusion function.Light diffusion function layer 42 adopts pears surfaces structure, the metal mold of this pears surface structure of transfer printing is that the beaded glass with 50～90 microns of diameters is ejected on the SUS plate, forms jog.Then with this metal mold twisting cohesion on the core roller, form the drum-type metal mold.The region of low refractive index unit 3 of composite bed 50, control light conductor 6 distributes to the printing opacity of pears surface layer 42, and this region of low refractive index unit 3 adopts circular configuration shown in Figure 4, is made of air layer (refractive index 1000).But each circular region of low refractive index unit 3 diameter unification is 60 microns (μ m), is by changing its occupation density in 50 of composite beds, controls that penetrating light intensity distributes.The thickness of composite bed 50 is about 50 microns, utilizes ultraviolet hardening resin composition and transfer printing metal mold to make, and this transfer printing metal mold is by corrosive attack, and a plurality of circular protrusions of formation obtain on the SUS of 50 micron thickness plate.This corroding metal mold finally by twisting cohesion on the core roller, fixing back forms the drum-type metal mold.
The composite bed 50 of the functional layer 42 of pears surface structure and printing opacity control lays respectively on two faces, their shape is to be the two sides of the mylar (refractive index is 1.600) of 188 μ m at thickness, the employing refractive index is 1.528 ultraviolet hardening resin composition, makes by the method for metal mold transfer printing.UV light source 36 adopts high-pressure mercury-vapor lamp.The material employing refractive index of light conductor 6 is 1.490 organic glass (PMMA).
On wedge shape light conductor 6, smear the sticker of about 8 micron thickness, above will sticking on according to the printing opacity modulator sheet 8 that above method is made, form one with 0.34 degree angle of wedge.The thickness of the light-incident end of primary source one side of this wedge shape light conductor 6 is 2mm, and the thickness of the end face of a side is 0.7mm in contrast.Use the cold-cathode tube of diameter 2mm φ in the primary source, the length of light conductor 6 is 216mm.Whole inner face in the opposite side of light-emitting face of light conductor 6 all disposes reflecting plate 7, light-emitting face one side at printing opacity modulator 8, adjacent with this printing opacity modulator, disposing a plurality of drift angles is the prismatic lens 52 that 63 degree and the prism that has 2 prism facets of balanced configuration are listed as the formation that is parallel to each other, the summit and the above-mentioned light-emitting face of prism row join, like this, promptly finish the planar light source device of purpose.
In order to confirm the uniformity coefficient of this planar light source device, when the positive briliancy of mensuration emergent light distributed, the ratio of the minimum brightness value/maximum brightness value of briliancy was 90% in the relevant face, is a kind of splendid state, and average outgoing briliancy is 2500cd/m
2When the emergent light briliancy of measuring this planar light source device distributes (shooting angle distributions), have the width (angle half range value) of shooting angle of half briliancy of positive briliancy, become 28 to spend approximately, shown the low coverage characteristic with the vertical direction of light conductor light entrance face.Briliancy is measured color brightness photometer BM-7{TOPCON (strain) system of using }, acceptance angle is set at 1 °.
Below the embodiment of the invention 2 is specifically described.
Adopt method similarly to Example 1, use cylinder transfer printing metal mold, carry out UV sclerosis making printing opacity modulator, make planar light source device with prism row shown in Figure 9 by face the ultraviolet hardening resin composition at two of mylar.That is, on the functional layer that adopts as substituting of pears surface conformation function layer 42 among the embodiment 1, exist a plurality of summary parallel directions along the light conductor light entrance face to prolong, have the prism row of the 1st and the 2nd prism facets 28a, 28b, along the summary orthogonal direction of light conductor light entrance face continuously the continuous prism of arrangements be listed as.The angle of inclination of the 1st prism facets 28a of these prism row 28 is 45 °, and the angle of inclination of the 2nd prism facets is 85 °.The size of this area source is 80mm along the length on primary source 1 direction, with length on the primary source 1 orthogonal direction be 60mm, thickness is 4mm.Primary source 1 uses the cold-cathode tube of length 80mm.Whole inner face in the opposite side of light conductor 6 light-emitting faces all disposes reflecting plate 7, finally obtains the planar light source device of purpose.
When the emergent light briliancy of measuring this planar light source device distributes (shooting angle distributions), have the width (angle half range value) of shooting angle of half briliancy of positive briliancy, become 19 to spend approximately, shown the low coverage characteristic with the vertical direction of light conductor light entrance face.And the ratio of the minimum brightness value/maximum brightness value of briliancy is 88% in the relevant face, has shown fabulous uniformity coefficient.
Below the embodiment of the invention 3 is specifically described.
Making has the planar light source device of the low coverage characteristic identical with embodiment 2.But, planar light source device is 30mm along the length on primary source 1 direction, with the length on the primary source 1 orthogonal direction be 40mm, thickness is 1mm, use the cold-cathode tube light source of light conductor in 6 LED alternate embodiments 2, the incident end face adjacency of they and light conductor, the interval of pressing 5mm is evenly distributed.
When the emergent light briliancy of measuring this planar light source device distributes (shooting angle distributions), have the width (angle half range value) of shooting angle of half briliancy of positive briliancy, become 23 to spend approximately, shown the low coverage characteristic with the vertical direction of light conductor light entrance face.And the ratio of the minimum brightness value/maximum brightness value of briliancy is 80% in the relevant face, has shown fabulous uniformity coefficient.
Below the embodiment of the invention 4 is specifically described.
Make the planar light source device (still, primary source except) identical with embodiment 3.The face of this planar light source device utilization and prism row 28 orthogonals cuts out by the width of 2mm, at its two ends in abutting connection with the configuration LED.This LED all is 30 degree in the peak value half range value of the luminous pattern of the parallel direction of light conductor light-emitting face and vertical direction.
The bar-shaped light supply apparatus that is configured to obtain like this substitutes the primary source utilize the planar light source device that embodiment 3 obtains.
When the emergent light briliancy of measuring this planar light source device distributes (shooting angle distributions), have the width (angle half range value) of shooting angle of half briliancy of positive briliancy, become 22 to spend approximately, shown the low coverage characteristic with the vertical direction of light conductor light entrance face.And the ratio of the minimum brightness value/maximum brightness value of briliancy is 85% in the relevant face, has shown fabulous uniformity coefficient.
Below the embodiment of the invention 5 is specifically described.
Make the figure of region of low refractive index unit 3 be graphics shape shown in Figure 19, the light diffusion function layer that substitutes the pears leather structure forms the prism row, in addition the same with embodiment 1 making printing opacity modulator sheet.The formation of the prism row figure of printing opacity modulator sheet becomes 88 degree angles, the 1st prism facets to become the metal mold of the prism row at 43 degree angles to carry out to prism formation face by being made into figure as shown in figure 23, spacing 20 μ m, the 2nd prism facets with light conductor to prism formation face.
Be on the face (inner face) of the light-emitting face of 1.490 organic glass resin injection moulding tabular light conductor that obtain, thick 1mm, 40 * 30mm and an opposite side in refractive index, smear the sticker of about 8 micron thickness, above the printing opacity modulator sheet that obtains sticked on, form one.As primary source, the peak value half range value on the direction parallel with the light-emitting face of light conductor is disposed at the bight that forms the light conductor recess for the peak value half range value on ± 70 degree, the vertical direction for the LED of ± 40 degree.And the printing opacity modulator at light conductor forms side configuration reflecting plate, finished surface light supply apparatus.
In order to confirm the uniformity coefficient of this planar light source device, when the positive briliancy of mensuration emergent light distributed, the ratio of the minimum brightness value/maximum brightness value of briliancy was 85% in the relevant face, is a kind of preferable states.When the emergent light briliancy of measuring this planar light source device distributes (shooting angle distributions), have the width (angle half range value) of shooting angle of half briliancy of positive briliancy, become 22 to spend approximately, shown the low coverage characteristic with the vertical direction of light conductor light entrance face.Briliancy is measured color brightness photometer BM-7{TOPCON (strain) system of using }, acceptance angle is set at 1 °.
Below the embodiment of the invention 6 is specifically described.
Except that the figure of region of low refractive index unit 3 is graphics shape shown in Figure 19, the making printing opacity modulator sheet the same with embodiment 1.
On the other hand, make metal mold, its structure as shown in figure 23, spacing 20 μ m, the 2nd prism facets become 88 degree angles, the 1st prism facets prism formation face to be become the prisms row at 43 degree angles to prism formation face.The metal mold that utilization obtains is that 1.490 organic glass resin carries out injection moulding with refractive index, obtains the tabular light conductor of as shown in figure 23 thick 1mm, 40 * 30mm.Face (light-emitting face) in the opposite side of this light conductor prism row formation face is smeared the sticker of about 8 micron thickness, above printing opacity modulator sheet is sticked on, forms one.As primary source, the peak value half range value on the direction parallel with the light-emitting face of light conductor is disposed at the bight that forms the light conductor recess for the peak value half range value on ± 70 degree, the vertical direction for the LED of ± 40 degree.And the prism row at light conductor form side configuration reflecting plate, finished surface light supply apparatus.
In order to confirm the uniformity coefficient of this planar light source device, when the positive briliancy of mensuration emergent light distributed, the ratio of the minimum brightness value/maximum brightness value of briliancy was 85% in the relevant face, is a kind of preferable states.When the emergent light briliancy of measuring this planar light source device distributes (shooting angle distributions), have the width (angle half range value) of shooting angle of half briliancy of positive briliancy, become 22 to spend approximately, shown the low coverage characteristic with the vertical direction of light conductor light entrance face.Briliancy is measured color brightness photometer BM-7{TOPCON (strain) system of using }, acceptance angle is set at 1 °.
Below the embodiment of the invention 7 is specifically described.
The top of each prism row that forms except that the light conductor inner face is even shape, do not dispose the reflecting plate, the same with the embodiment 6 frontlighting planar light source device of finishing.
In order to confirm the uniformity coefficient of this planar light source device, when the positive briliancy of mensuration emergent light distributed, the ratio of the minimum brightness value/maximum brightness value of briliancy was 85% in the relevant face, is a kind of preferable states.When the emergent light briliancy of measuring this planar light source device distributes (shooting angle distributions), have the width (angle half range value) of shooting angle of half briliancy of positive briliancy, become 22 to spend approximately, shown the low coverage characteristic with the vertical direction of light conductor light entrance face.Briliancy is measured color brightness photometer BM-7{TOPCON (strain) system of using }, acceptance angle is set at 1 °.
Below the embodiment of the invention 8 is specifically described.
Except that using refractive index is 1.610 the ultraviolet hardening resin composition, the same with the embodiment 5 printing opacity modulator sheet that obtains.On the other hand, be on the one side of mylar (refractive index 1.600) of 188 μ m at thickness, with refractive index is 1.610 ultraviolet hardening resin composition, the same with embodiment 5, form with above-mentioned printing opacity modulator sheet on the identical prism row figure of figure that forms.With printing opacity modulator sheet and the prismatic lens that obtains, by refractive index the smear layer of 1.40 stickability acrylic resin, paste and be one, it is chimeric mutually to make both sides' prism row figure form face, makes chimeric printing opacity modulator sheet.
Remove the chimeric printing opacity modulator sheet that will obtain, the same with embodiment 5, being pasted on by refractive index is on 1.490 the organic glass resin injection moulding tabular light conductor that obtain, thick 1mm, 40 * 30mm, form one, and do not dispose beyond the reflecting plate the same with the embodiment 5 frontlighting planar light source device of finishing.
In order to confirm the uniformity coefficient of this planar light source device, when the positive briliancy of mensuration emergent light distributed, the ratio of the minimum brightness value/maximum brightness value of briliancy was 90% in the relevant face, is a kind of preferable states.When the emergent light briliancy of measuring this planar light source device distributes (shooting angle distributions), have the width (angle half range value) of shooting angle of half briliancy of positive briliancy, become 22 to spend approximately, shown the low coverage characteristic with the vertical direction of light conductor light entrance face.Briliancy is measured color brightness photometer BM-7{TOPCON (strain) system of using }, acceptance angle is set at 1 °.
Industrial applicibility
As implied above, as utilize the present invention, even be more slim, large tracts of land, and/or at tool In the light conductor for the specific functionality that is related to the outgoing optical controlling function, also can provide and not damage it Uniformity height in the face of functional, emergent light briliancy, have good functional area source or rod The light supply apparatus of shape light source etc. Functions such as not damaging high briliancy directionality outgoing function particularly is provided Property, repeatability is good and can easily realize the area source of the outstanding uniformity or the light of rod type light source etc. Source apparatus.
Claims (14)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000290746 | 2000-09-25 | ||
| JP2000290746 | 2000-09-25 | ||
| JP2000340905 | 2000-11-08 | ||
| JP2000357680 | 2000-11-24 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB01815963XA Division CN100487304C (en) | 2000-09-25 | 2001-09-25 | Light source device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1811549A true CN1811549A (en) | 2006-08-02 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200510115637 Pending CN1811549A (en) | 2000-09-25 | 2001-09-25 | Light source device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1811549A (en) |
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- 2001-09-25 CN CN 200510115637 patent/CN1811549A/en active Pending
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