A kind of method of ultrasonication organic waste water
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wastewater treatment method, relate in particular to a kind of method of utilizing ultrasonication organic waste water.
Background technology
A lot of Industrial processes meetings produce a large amount of factory effluents, and some of them are to have greater environmental impacts and reluctant organic waste water.The kind of organic waste water is a lot, for example organic chloride waste water, Organophosphorous compounds waste water etc., and wherein organic chloride waste water is the organic waste water that is produced by multiple Industrial processes, has that generation is big, stability is high, the characteristic of difficult for biological degradation.Organic waste water directly discharges, and can cause serious environmental to pollute, and development of new, wastewater processing technology or preconditioning technique are the directions of current treatment of Organic Wastewater technical development efficiently.
Utilizing ultrasonication organic waste water is the wastewater treatment new technology of rising in recent years, and it utilizes the physics of ultrasonic cavitation effect and the organic pollutant in the chemical action degradation water.As the sound intensity 〉=0.7W/cm
2The ultrasonic irradiation aqueous solution time, can produce cavitation effect therein.The little gas nuclear (cavitation nucleus) that is present in the water vibrates, grows, collapses closed process under the effect of ultrasonic field, be the adiabatic process of concentrating the sound field energy and discharging rapidly.At the utmost point of cavitation bubble collapse in the short period of time, cavitation bubble and the interior appearance of little space scope " focus " on every side thereof, produce the high temperature of 1900~5200K and surpass the high pressure of 50MPa, these extreme conditions directly or indirectly act on the organism in the aqueous solution, make its degraded.Degraded mainly occurs in the cavitation bubble and two zones of upper layer, and organism can be realized degraded by free-radical oxidn approach such as thermolysis, OH individually or simultaneously.
Existing ultrasonic degradation research relates to multiple organism, for example nitro-compound, chlorine-containing compound, P contained compound, aromatics etc.The main method of existing ultrasonic degradation technology is: ultrasonic wave is directly acted on waste water, select suitable sound field condition and solution condition, utilize the organism in the ultrasonic cavitation effect degrading waste water.For the effect that improves wastewater treatment, the energy consumption that reduces wastewater treatment, must improve the utilization ratio of acoustic energy-cavitation transformation of energy rate and cavitation energy, this is the subject matter that ultrasonication organic waste water industrialization technology need solve.
Existing ultrasonication organic waste water technology exists problems such as poor processing effect, energy expenditure height.Its reason is: at first, when ultrasonic wave acts on water body, there is the acoustic energy of considerable part to be converted into mechanical energy and heat energy, for the intensity that improves cavitation effect, the effect that guarantees wastewater treatment, need to increase the intensity of ultrasonic field, will produce more heat like this, further reduce acoustic energy-cavitation transformation of energy rate; Secondly, because cavitation effect is evenly distributed in the whole water body, cavitation bubble is concentrated in the high zone of organic concentration and is distributed, and the utilization ratio of cavitation energy is low, and the energy that cavitation effect is concentrated does not fully act on organic degraded.
Chinese patent CN2496568Y discloses a kind of rotary ultrasonic ware focus processor.This treatment unit is the three-dimensional tank of a hemisphere or gengon, central placing response device at tank, in the outside of tank several ultrasonic transducers being installed. each ultrasonic transducer is central point direction emission ultrasonic energy in tank, ultrasonic energy focuses on a little scope in the tank, strengthened should the zone ultrasonic cavitation intensity, improved the ability of treatment liq.Japanese Patent P2002-172389A discloses a kind of ultrasonic treatment unit of organic waste water.Hyperacoustic propagation distance and hyperacoustic wavelength in this treatment unit coupling reactor are aided with plane or arcual reflector, form standing wave in reactor, have strengthened the intensity of ultrasonic cavitation in the specific region, have improved the effect of wastewater treatment.Technique scheme by form focus point or standing wave in reactor, has increased the intensity of ultrasonic cavitation in regional area, having improved acoustic energy-cavitation can transformation efficiency.But the energy that puts together does not directly act on the waste water of high density, and the utilization ratio of cavitation energy is lower, and the effect of supersound process has much room for improvement.
Summary of the invention
In prior art, during ultrasonication organic waste water, acoustic energy is converted into cavitation transformation of energy rate and hangs down the problem that can fully not act on pollutent with cavitation, and the present invention adopts a kind of reactor for treatment organic waste water that acoustic energy is focused on.Acoustic energy is focused in focus (focal line) position of reactor, has improved acoustic energy-cavitation transformation of energy rate; The import of waste water is arranged near the focus (focal line), waste water focus (focal line) position of at first flowing through, the acoustic energy of focusing directly acts on the waste water of high density, improved cavitation can utilization ratio.
The method of a kind of ultrasonication organic waste water provided by the invention, its characteristics are: ultrasonication is carried out in a reactor, the ultrasonic generator of reactor sends parallel wave, the focus reflection plate that is shaped as parabolic cylinder focuses on parallel wave the focal line position of parabolic cylinder, organic waste water enters reactor continuously by the prosopyle on the water inlet pipe, feed-pipe is near focal line, the prosopyle is towards the focal line position, waste water enters the focal line position of at first flowing through behind the reactor, ultrasonic wave acts on waste water, abundant degraded organism wherein, the waste water after the processing is discharged continuously through water outlet.
This treatment process is achieved in that
Organic waste water enters ultrasound reactor continuously, and ultrasonic wave acts on organic waste water, degraded organism wherein, and the organic waste water after the processing is discharged reactor continuously.
Described ultrasound reactor comprises: shell, ultrasonic generator, focus reflection plate, water inlet pipe, water outlet; The ultrasonic wave that described ultrasonic generator sends is a parallel wave; Described focus reflection plate is that a cross section is parabolical cylinder, and the opening direction of this parabolic cylinder is towards ultrasonic generator, and the ultrasonic wave that ultrasonic generator sends is by the focal line position of focus reflection plate reflect focalization to parabolic cylinder; Described water inlet pipe is arranged on the next door of parabolic cylinder focal line, and water inlet pipe is parallel with the focal line of parabolic cylinder, and water inlet pipe is provided with the prosopyle towards a side of focal line; The ultrasonic frequency that described ultrasonic generator sends is that 20kHz~60kHz, ultrasonic intensity are 20~80W/cm
2
Reactor is a casing, and an end of casing is provided with ultrasonic generator, and the other end is provided with the focus reflection plate, and the focus reflection plate can be an independent plate that is provided with, and also can be the part shell that constitutes reactor casing one end.The ultrasonic wave that ultrasonic generator sends is a parallel wave, the focus reflection plate is that a vertical cross section of placing is parabolical cylinder, the para-curve summit of different heights cross section forms one and the vertical apex lines in reactor bottom surface, the para-curve focus of different heights cross section forms one and the vertical focal line in reactor bottom surface, between ultrasonic generator and the apex lines, the parallel wave that ultrasonic generator sends is focused the focal line position that reflector focuses on parabolic cylinder to focal line in reactor.Water inlet pipe is a tubule parallel with focal line; The caliber that reduces water inlet pipe helps reducing water inlet pipe and stops hyperacoustic, and the caliber that strengthens water inlet pipe helps reducing the flow velocity of water inlet, improves near the concentration of the waste water of focal line; When reactor design, in light of the circumstances, select less water inlet pipe caliber in the reasonable scope.Preferred water inlet pipe axis to the distance of focal line is generally 1~20 times, more preferably 1~6 times of water inlet pipe radius.Water level when the height of prosopyle is lower than wastewater treatment, waste water enters reactor by the prosopyle, the focal line position of the parabolic cylinder of at first flowing through.
When concrete enforcement was of the present invention, described ultrasonic generator was made up of the identical ultrasonic transducer of a plurality of frequencies that is evenly distributed in the plane; Described focus reflection plate is the part of shell; A plurality of prosopyles are set on the described water inlet pipe, and the prosopyle is evenly distributed on water inlet pipe.
Be evenly distributed on the ultrasonic wave that ultrasonic generator that the identical ultrasonic transducer of a plurality of frequencies in the plane forms sends and propagate in reactor in substantially parallel mode, the focus reflection plate that is made of the part of shell focuses it on the focal line position of parabolic cylinder.Water outlet is arranged on the position away from water inlet pipe, as far as possible away from the prosopyle.Water outlet can be arranged on top, middle part or the bottom of reactor, adopts the method for top overflow or control bottom, middle part water outlet flow, with the water level of the waste water after handling from reactor discharge and controlling reactor.
When concrete enforcement was of the present invention, described water inlet pipe was arranged on the line of parabolic cylinder focal line and parabolic cylinder apex lines; Flow-stopping plate is arranged between parabolic cylinder focal line and the ultrasonic generator; Described flow-stopping plate is a riser parallel with water inlet pipe, and the length of flow-stopping plate and water inlet pipe is suitable, and its cross section is one section straight line or one section circular arc, and the opening direction of described circular arc is towards focal line.
Zone between flow-stopping plate and the water inlet pipe is the area with high mercury of waste water, and the focal line of parabolic cylinder is positioned at this area with high mercury; Distance has different influences to the concentration of this zone waste water between different flow-stopping plate width and flow-stopping plate and the water inlet pipe, bigger flow-stopping plate width helps improving the concentration of this zone waste water, and less flow-stopping plate width helps reducing flow-stopping plate and stops hyperacoustic; When reactor design, in light of the circumstances, select distance between less flow-stopping plate width and flow-stopping plate correspondingly and the water inlet pipe in the reasonable scope.Generally speaking, the plane included angle that is formed centrally in preferred flow-stopping plate dual-side and the water inlet pipe is 30 °~120 °, preferably between flow-stopping plate and the water inlet pipe center between distance and focal line and the water inlet pipe center ratio of distance greater than 1, smaller or equal to 2.5 times.The length of flow-stopping plate and water inlet pipe is (generally equating) quite, and its top is higher than the highest prosopyle; Flow-stopping plate can adopt the little material of oise insulation factor to make.Flow-stopping plate is set, has limited the diffusion of high-concentration waste water, increased near the waste strength of parabolic cylinder focal line, improved the treatment effect of waste water.
When concrete enforcement is of the present invention, contain organic chloride or Organophosphorous compounds in the described waste water; For example, the organic chloride that contains in the waste water is trichloropropane, chlorobenzene, propylene dichloride, tetracol phenixin, chloroform, methylene dichloride, chlorophenol etc., and the Organophosphorous compounds that contain in the waste water are acephatemet, parathion-methyl etc.
Gas dissolved in the liquid can reduce the ultrasonic cavitation threshold value, and the gas dissolved that increases in the waste water helps the formation of cavitation effect and the raising of ultrasonic degradation effect.When concrete enforcement was of the present invention, described waste water filled air or oxygen before entering reactor.
The organic reaction path of ultrasonic degradation mostly is free radical reaction, reduce waste water pH value, increase waste water ionic concn, in waste water, add ferrous ion, chlorion, help strengthening the generation of free radical, the effect of raising ultrasonic degradation.Therefore, when concrete enforcement is of the present invention, regulates and enter the pH value of reactor waste water less than 4.Can adopt the method that directly adds sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid in waste water, it is extremely acid to regulate the waste water that enters reactor, and the general pH value is adjusted to 2~3.When concrete enforcement was of the present invention, regulating the chlorine ion concentration that enters reactor waste water was 400~4000mg/l; Preferred concentration is 1000~2000mg/l.Can in waste water, add sodium-chlor or Repone K during adjusting.When concrete enforcement was of the present invention, regulating the ferrous ion concentration that enters reactor waste water was 100~1000mg/l; Preferred concentration is 200~500mg/l.Can in waste water, add ferrous sulfate during adjusting.
When ultrasonic wave acted on liquid, a part of acoustic energy was converted into heat energy, caused the rising of fluid temperature, if do not controlled, the temperature of waste water can reach 50~80 ℃, even reaches more than 90 ℃.The temperature that reduces liquid helps strengthening cavitation effect, increases when the supersound process effect was than 40 ℃ when for example the temperature of waste water was 20 ℃.But reached the energy consumption that low treatment temp can increase wastewater treatment by the artificial cooling method, and selected suitable treatment temp can reduce the comprehensive energy consumption of ultrasonic wastewater treatment.When concrete enforcement was of the present invention, during ultrasonication organic waste water, the temperature of regulating waste water was 20 ℃~30 ℃.Can adopt direct control influent waste water temperature or/and the indirect method of wastewater temperature in the controlling reactor, reduce near the temperature of the waste water temperature, particularly parabolic cylinder focal line of waste water in the reactor.
Treatment process of the present invention, the focus reflection plate that employing is shaped as parabolic cylinder focuses on the parallel wave that ultrasonic generator sends, near focal line, form an acoustic energy compact district, help the generation and the reinforcement of cavitation effect, improved acoustic energy-cavitation transformation of energy rate; Organic waste water enters reactor near focal line, form an area with high mercury near focal line, and high energy region and high dense area coincidence have improved the utilization ratio of cavitation energy.Adopt method of the present invention to handle organic waste water, can improve treatment of organic matters of organic effect in the waste water, reduce the energy consumption of ultrasonic treatment unit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the vertical view of ultrasound reactor
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of ultrasound reactor
Fig. 3 is the vertical view that does not have the ultrasound reactor of focus reflection plate
Embodiment
Contrast accompanying drawing below, be described in further detail technical scheme of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments, protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Organism in the waste water is a trichloropropane, and its concentration is 800mg/l.
Reactor 1 comprises: shell 2, ultrasonic generator 3, focus reflection plate 4, water inlet pipe 5, water outlet 6 (referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2).
The shell 2 of reactor 1 is a casing, and the height of casing is 0.5 meter.The cross section of casing is made of two portions, and its left part is the rectangle of a right-hand member open-ended, and orthogonal length is that 0.6 meter, width are 0.5 meter; Its right side part is the para-curve of an opening towards the left side, and is parallel with left side orthogonal length sides and over against the mid point of this rectangle width edge through the axis on para-curve summit.With parabolical summit is initial point (0,0), the parabolical y that is shaped as
2=-0.6x, parabolic focus is positioned at (0.15,0), and rectangle and para-curve are located butt joint in (0.104,0.25), (0.104 ,-0.25), and above unit is a rice.
Ultrasonic generator 3 is staggered relatively with focus reflection plate 4.Ultrasonic generator 3 is positioned at the left end face of casing, by be evenly arranged in vertical plane, bottom surface in 9 (3 * 3) ultrasonic transducers form, the ultrasonic wave that ultrasonic generator 3 sends with substantially parallel mode along and the perpendicular direction in plane, ultrasonic transducer place propagate.Focus reflection plate 4 partly is made of the parabolic cylinder of shell 2, and the ultrasonic wave that ultrasonic generator 3 sends can be by focal line 8 positions of focus reflection plate 4 reflect focalizations to parabolic cylinder.
Water inlet pipe 5 is the tubule of Φ 10mm, is arranged on the side of parabolic cylinder focal line 8 next doors near the parabolic cylinder apex lines, and parallel with the focal line 8 of parabolic cylinder.At water inlet pipe 5 towards the evenly distributed a plurality of prosopyles 7 of a side of focal line 8, the water level when the highest prosopyle 7 is lower than wastewater treatment, waste water enters reactor 1 by prosopyle 7, the flow direction of waste water points to focal line 8 positions of parabolic cylinder.Water outlet 6 is arranged in the middle of the bottom of reactor 1 away from water inlet pipe 5 one sides.
Waste water enters reactor 1 continuously by water inlet pipe 5, and ultrasonic wave acts on waste water, degraded trichloropropane wherein, and the waste water after the processing is discharged reactor 1 continuously by water outlet 6.
In the supersound process process, ultrasonic frequency is 55kHz, and ultrasonic intensity is 40W/cm
2, the residence time of waste water in reactor 1 is 30min.The temperature of wastewater treatment is 25 ℃, adopts control inflow temperature and chuck indirect water-cooling mode but to realize.Through above-mentioned treating processes, the trichloropropane clearance of stable back water outlet is 75%.
Embodiment 2
Organism in the waste water is a trichloropropane, and its concentration is 800mg/l.
The shell 2 of reactor 1, ultrasonic generator 3, focus reflection plate 4, water inlet pipe 5, water outlet 6 and embodiment 1 identical (referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2).
Flow-stopping plate 9 is set in reactor 1.Flow-stopping plate 9 is risers parallel with water inlet pipe 5, is arranged on the side of parabolic cylinder focal line 8 next doors near ultrasonic generator 3; The cross section of flow-stopping plate 9 is circular arcs that the center of circle is positioned at the water inlet pipe center, and circular arc is over against the water inlet direction of water inlet pipe 5; The angle that is formed centrally in circular arc two ends and the water inlet pipe is 60 °, and the radius of circular arc is 0.06 meter, and the focus of parabolic cylinder is between circular arc and water inlet pipe 5, and focus is 0.03 meter to the distance at water inlet pipe center; The height of flow-stopping plate 9 is identical with the length of water inlet pipe 5.
In the supersound process process, ultrasonic frequency is 22kHz, and ultrasonic intensity is 40W/cm
2, the residence time of waste water in reactor 1 is 30min.The temperature of wastewater treatment is 25 ℃, adopts control inflow temperature and chuck indirect water-cooling mode but to realize.Through above-mentioned treating processes, the trichloropropane clearance of stable back water outlet is 79%.
Embodiment 3~5
The reactor types that wastewater treatment is adopted is identical with embodiment 2 with treatment condition, and the organism in the waste water is a trichloropropane, and its concentration is respectively 100mg/l, 500mg/l, 1500mg/l, handles back trichloropropane clearance and is respectively 83%, 81%, 76%.
Embodiment 6~7
Organism in the waste water is a trichloropropane, and its concentration is 800mg/l.
The form of the reactor that adopts is identical with embodiment 2.In the supersound process process, ultrasonic intensity is respectively 20W/cm
2, 80W/cm
2, other treatment condition are identical with embodiment 2, handle back trichloropropane clearance and are respectively 62%, 85%.
Embodiment 8~10
Organism in the waste water is a trichloropropane, and its concentration is 800mg/l.
The form of the reactor that adopts is identical with embodiment 2.In the supersound process process, the residence time of waste water in reactor 1 is respectively: 15min, 60min, 120min, other treatment condition are identical with embodiment 2, handle back trichloropropane clearance and are respectively 55%, 87%, 95%.
Embodiment 13
Organism in the waste water is a trichloropropane, and its concentration is 800mg/l.
The form of reactor, treatment condition are identical with embodiment 2.The pH value of regulating water inlet is 2.5, and handling back trichloropropane clearance is 82%.
Embodiment 14~15
Organism in the waste water is a trichloropropane, and its concentration is 800mg/l.
The form of reactor, treatment condition are identical with embodiment 2.Waste water filled air before entering reactor and oxygen is extremely saturated, and handling back trichloropropane clearance is 81%, 82%.
Embodiment 16~18
Organism in the waste water is a trichloropropane, and its concentration is 800mg/l.
The form of reactor, treatment condition are identical with embodiment 2.Enter before the reactor, add sodium-chlor in waste water, the chlorine ion concentration of regulating waste water is respectively 400mg/l, 1500mg/l, 4000mg/l, handles back trichloropropane clearance and is respectively 80%, 82%, 83%.
Embodiment 19~21
Organism in the waste water is a trichloropropane, and its concentration is 800mg/l.
The form of reactor, treatment condition are identical with embodiment 2.Enter before the reactor, add ferrous sulfate in waste water, the ferrous ion concentration of regulating waste water is respectively 100mg/l, 300mg/l, 1000mg/l, handles back trichloropropane clearance and is respectively 81%, 83%, 84%.
Embodiment 22
Organism in the waste water is a chlorobenzene, and its concentration is 100mg/l.
The reactor types that wastewater treatment is adopted is identical with embodiment 2 with treatment condition, and the clearance of handling the back chlorobenzene is 79%.
Embodiment 23
Organism in the waste water is an acephatemet, and its concentration is 100mg/l.
The reactor types that wastewater treatment is adopted is identical with embodiment 2 with treatment condition, and the clearance of handling the back acephatemet is 82%.
Comparative Examples
Organism in the waste water is a trichloropropane, and its concentration is 800mg/l.
Reactor 1 is a casing, comprising: shell 2, ultrasonic generator 3, water-in 10, water outlet 6 (referring to Fig. 3).
Its ultrasonic generator 3 is identical with embodiment 2, and water-in 10 is arranged in the reactor 1 in the middle of the bottom half away from ultrasonic generator 3, and water outlet 6 is arranged in the reactor 1 near in the middle of the bottom half of ultrasonic generator 3.Waste water enters reactor 1 continuously by water-in 10, and ultrasonic wave acts on waste water, degraded trichloropropane wherein, and the waste water after the processing is discharged reactor 1 continuously by water outlet 6.
In the supersound process process, ultrasonic frequency is 22kHz, and ultrasonic intensity is 40W/cm
2, the residence time of waste water in reactor 1 is 30min.The temperature of wastewater treatment is 25 ℃, adopts indirect water-cooling mode but to realize.Through above-mentioned treating processes, the trichloropropane clearance of the stable back water outlet of device is 62%.
By contrast as can be known: under same waste water and operational condition, adopt the reactor that focus reflection plate 4 and water inlet pipe 5 are set, improved the treatment of Organic Wastewater effect than adopting the reactor that does not have focus reflection plate 4 and water inlet pipe 5.