CN1803292A - Carbon-carried platinum-based catalyst for fuel cell and its preparation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preparing a carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst for a fuel cell. The steps are: adding a metal salt precursor together with a complexing agent and an alcohol reducing agent into an organic solvent, stirring at room temperature; adding an alkaline substance, Adjust the pH value, heat and reflux under normal pressure with nitrogen protection, or react in an autoclave; add carbon carrier, stir at room temperature, so that the metal sol particles are evenly dispersed on the carbon carrier; add acidic substances, adjust the pH value, Add double-distilled water, ultrasonically vibrate to break the gel; filter with suction, wash the filter cake until Cl ^- ions cannot be detected, dry under vacuum, cool, and grind to obtain a carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst for fuel cells, including Pt/C, Pt-Ru/C, Pt-Ru-Ir/C, Pt/CNT, Pt-Ru/CNT, Pt-Ru-Ir/CNT. The method has the advantages of simple process, high recovery rate, low cost, less environmental pollution, uniform distribution of catalyst active components with particle size as small as about 1nm, high utilization rate of precious metals, and high electrochemical active surface area, catalytic activity and poison resistance of the catalyst.

Description

Carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst for fuel cells and preparation method thereof

                      

The invention relates to the field of fuel cell catalysts, in particular to a carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst for fuel cells and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

A fuel cell is a device that directly converts the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy efficiently and cleanly. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFC) are considered to be the most promising fuel cells for transportation, communication and other mobile applications, because these two types of batteries are used in vehicle power sources, various mobile communication Therefore, the research on this kind of fuel cell has been highly valued by various countries.

At present, these two types of fuel cells have encountered some problems in the commercialization process, the most prominent of which are their high price and short life. For RPEMFC and DAFC fueled by reformed gas, there is also the problem that the catalyst is easily poisoned and deactivated. These problems are closely related to the performance of the catalyst, so the development of a new generation of high-performance fuel cell catalysts is of great significance to promote the research and development of fuel cells.

Catalyst materials are one of the most critical materials for these two types of fuel cells. At present, the preparation methods of catalysts mainly include impregnation reduction method, ion exchange method, precipitation method, gas phase reduction method, microwave method, colloid method, etc., but these methods sometimes cannot control the particle size of the active component of the catalyst well, and it is difficult to obtain the activity. Supported metal catalyst with highly dispersed components, small particle size and very uniform dispersion. However, for metal catalysts with small particles and good dispersion, they can have larger electrochemical active area and thus have better catalytic performance; in addition, although PtRu/C, which is widely used as an anode catalyst for RPEMFC and DAFC, has a certain Poison resistance, but its activity and poison resistance are still far from the requirements of fuel cell commercialization on catalyst performance. Due to the insufficient performance of the currently used catalysts, the excessive consumption and high cost of noble metals have become one of the important obstacles affecting the commercialization of PEMFC and DMFC fuel cells.

In addition to the above-mentioned problems, the traditional preparation methods generally have problems such as the use of harmful reducing agents or excessive process waste, which are not environmentally friendly. Therefore, exploring a new generation of high-performance catalysts and their preparation methods has become one of the most important topics in current fuel cell research.

Chinese patent 00112136.7 discloses a preparation method of fuel cell anode catalyst. In this method, carbon-supported nano-scale platinum or platinum-ruthenium particles prepared by chemical reduction and titanium oxide prepared by sol-gel method are mixed in a certain molar ratio, and then heat-treated in a certain atmosphere to obtain carbon-supported platinum. - catalysts such as titanium oxide or platinum-ruthenium-titanium oxide. The catalyst has high catalytic activity, good stability and strong ability to resist CO poisoning. The particle size of the noble metal component of the catalyst prepared by the method is 2-30nm. In addition, the method needs to use formaldehyde, formic acid and the like as harmful reducing agents, which will cause environmental pollution to a certain extent.

Chinese patent 03113658.3 discloses a preparation method of Pt-W-Sn/C three-way anode catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells, which is to disperse carbon black in distilled water, then add chloroplatinic acid, tungstate and tin salt, and stir to make The metal salt and chloroplatinic acid are fully adsorbed, and a reducing agent is added dropwise to reduce and precipitate it. After the reaction is complete, it is washed with distilled water, filtered, and dried to obtain a Pt-W-Sn/C catalyst. The main problem of this method is that when using the traditional liquid phase reduction method, when the metal loading is high, the intense Brownian motion makes the particles easy to aggregate and form larger particles.

Chinese patent 01118253.9 discloses a convenient method for preparing nanoscale high-activity direct methanol proton exchange membrane fuel cell and hydrogen/oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell anode catalysts. The catalyst prepared by this method has a uniform particle size and a particle size of about 4 nanometers. , the electrochemical performance is superior to commercial catalysts. However, the particle size of the catalyst prepared by this method is still relatively large compared with the commercial catalyst, and hydrazine hydrate or formic acid is used as the reducing agent, which has certain toxicity.

Chinese patent 01127116.7 discloses a method for preparing proton exchange membrane fuel cell catalysts through solid phase reduction. The method uses polyoxymethylene, sodium formate, etc. catalyst. The method saves solvent, but compared with the traditional preparation method, the performance of the catalyst prepared by the method is not significantly improved. And manual grinding is not suitable for large-scale production, and there is a large distance from practical application.

European patent 0898318A2 discloses a process for preparing a platinum catalyst supported on activated carbon with small particle size: in this method, H ₂ PtCl ₆ is dissolved in NaHSO ₃ aqueous solution, and then the pH value is adjusted to 2, and H ₂ O ₂ is added dropwise solution to form a Pt sol, and the pH value of the sol is adjusted to 7 with NaOH; then add water with carbon black dispersed therein, mix the two, stir, and adjust the pH value to 5 with dilute H ₂ SO ₄ , the mixture is in Heating under boiling for 3 hours to make the Pt sol adhere to the carbon; washing and drying to obtain the catalyst Pt/C, the average particle size of the catalyst is 1-2nm, and it has good performance in electrochemical tests. However, the preparation cost of this method is high, and the pH value needs to be adjusted repeatedly, the technological process is complicated, and the process is not easy to control.

U.S. Patent Application 20040087441 discloses a sol method for preparing Pt/C and PtRu/C catalysts. The active component particle size of the catalyst prepared by the method is 0.7nm to 10nm. For the PtRu/C system, the active component particle size It can reach 0.5 to 2.5nm, but the particle size distribution of the active components is still not uniform enough.

All in all, the preparation methods of supported metal catalysts still need to be improved in terms of particle size controllability, cost reduction, simplification of production process, and reduction of environmental pollution.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, and provide a carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst for fuel cells that can be prepared quantitatively with high efficiency, controllable particle size, high dispersion and high activity, simple process, convenient operation, and low cost. Catalyst preparation method.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst prepared according to the above preparation method, which is highly dispersed, small in particle size, high in activity, and has good anti-poisoning performance, and can be used in RPEMFC and DMFC fuel cells.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: the preparation method of the carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst for fuel cells comprises the steps:

(1) Add the metal salt precursor together with complexing agent and alcohol reducing agent into the organic solvent, stir the mixed solution at room temperature for 10-60 minutes, and the mass volume concentration of the metal salt precursor in the mixed solution is 1-20g /L, the volume ratio of alcohol reducing agent to organic solvent is 1:5~1:1, the mass ratio of metal salt precursor to complexing agent is 1~10:5~1, and the metal salt precursor is H ₂ PtCl ₆ 6H ₂ O; or a mixture of H ₂ PtCl ₆ 6H ₂ O and RuCl ₃ , the molar ratio Pt:Ru=1:1; or a mixture of H ₂ PtCl ₆ 6H ₂ O, RuCL ₃ , IrCl ₃ , molar ratio Pt: Ru=1: 1, molar ratio Pt: Ir=2～7: 1;

(2) Add alkaline substances to the mixed solution obtained in step (1), adjust the pH value to 8-11, and pass nitrogen protection under normal pressure to heat and reflux for 4-8 hours, or react in an autoclave for 3-8 hours, The temperature is controlled at 120-160°C;

(3) Adding a carbon carrier to the mixed solution obtained in step (2), the molar ratio Pt:C=0.015～0.09:1, stirring at room temperature for 12 to 48 hours, so that the metal sol particles are evenly dispersed on the carbon carrier;

(4) Add an acidic substance to the mixed solution obtained in step (3), adjust the pH value to 1-4, add 0-2 ml of double-distilled water, and ultrasonically vibrate for 10-30 minutes to break the gel;

(5) Suction filter the mixed solution obtained in step (4), wash the filter cake with water until ^Cl- ions cannot be detected, dry under vacuum, cool, and grind to obtain the carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst for fuel cells.

The complexing agent includes sodium citrate, sodium oxalate, disodium edetate, sodium tartrate.

Described alcohol reducing agent comprises ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol. .

The organic solvent includes ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, or a mixed solution of one of the above alcohols and acetone, and the volume ratio is 3:1˜1:3.

The alkaline substance includes an alcohol solution of KOH or NaOH with a mass concentration of 5-10%, and the alcohol includes ethylene glycol, glycerol, and propylene glycol.

The acidic substance includes an aqueous solution of H ₂ SO ₄ or HNO ₃ with a mass concentration of 5-10%.

The carbon carrier includes Xc-72R carbon black or carbon nanotubes.

The carbon support can be directly added simultaneously with the metal salt precursor in step (1).

The carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst used in fuel cells is prepared according to the above-mentioned preparation method, and the catalyst includes Pt/C, Pt-Ru/C, Pt-Ru-Ir/C, Pt/CNT, Pt-Ru/CNT, Pt -Ru-Ir/CNT. The dispersion and activity of the active components of these catalysts are much higher than the corresponding catalysts prepared by traditional methods, and the particle size of active components is much lower than that of catalysts prepared by traditional methods. For PtRuIr/CNTs catalysts, the minimum particle size can be Up to 1.2nm, and the particles are very uniform.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

(1) Using alcohols or ketones solvents, adding complexing agents that can be removed by washing at the same time, and using alcohols for high-temperature reduction, a highly active catalyst with a particle size of the active component as small as about 1nm can be prepared. The distribution is extremely uniform, and the distribution is two-dimensional and highly dispersed, which effectively improves the utilization rate of precious metals.

(2) Adding Ir as an auxiliary agent can significantly improve the dispersion of active components and the anti-toxicity of the catalyst, so that the electrochemically active surface area, catalytic activity and anti-toxicity of the catalyst are significantly improved. The PtRuIr/CNTs catalyst The overall performance is several times higher than that of Johnson Matthey's high-performance PtRu/C catalyst.

(3) The catalyst is prepared by a high-pressure organosol method, the process is simple, the recovery rate is high, and the cost of the catalyst is reduced.

(4) The use of mild, cheap and environment-friendly alcohol reducing agent avoids the environmental pollution caused by the use of common reducing agents.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1, 2 are the transmission electron micrographs of the Pt-Ru-Ir/CNT catalyst prepared by the present invention;

Fig. 3, 4 are the transmission electron micrographs of the Pt/CNT catalyst prepared by the present invention;

Fig. 5, 6 are the transmission electron micrographs of the Pt/C catalyst prepared by the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the XRD spectrogram of the Pt-Ru-Ir/CNT catalyst prepared by the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the cyclic voltammetry spectrum of several catalysts in 0.5mol/LH ₂ SO ₄ +0.5mol/LCH ₃ OH solution.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

Embodiment one

The preparation method of the carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst for fuel cells, the steps include:

(1) Add H ₂ PtCl ₆ ·6H ₂ O and sodium citrate into the mixed solution of propylene glycol and ethylene glycol, stir at room temperature for 10 minutes to fully dissolve. The mass volume concentration of H ₂ PtCl ₆ ·6H ₂ O in the mixed solution is 1 g/L, the volume ratio of propylene glycol to ethylene glycol is 1:5, and the mass ratio of H ₂ PtCl ₆ ·6H ₂ O to sodium citrate is 1 : 5;

(2) Adding mass concentration to the mixed solution obtained in step (1) is an ethylene glycol solution of 5% KOH, adjusting the pH value to 8, and heating to reflux for 4 hours under normal pressure with nitrogen protection;

(3) Add Xc-72R carbon black to the mixed solution gained in step (2), the mol ratio of metal Pt and Xc-72R carbon black is Pt: C=0.015: 1, stir at room temperature for 12 hours, make the metal sol particle uniform Dispersed on Xc-72R carbon black;

(4) adding an aqueous solution of _H2SO4 with a mass concentration of 5% to the mixed solution obtained in step (3), adjusting the pH value to 4, and ultrasonically vibrating for 10 minutes to break _the gel;

(5) Vacuum suction filtration of the mixed solution obtained in step (4), the filter cake is washed with twice distilled water until Cl ^- ions cannot be detected, and dried at 90° C. for 8 hours in a vacuum drying oven, cooled, and ground to obtain this product Carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst Pt/C for fuel cells.

Embodiment two

The preparation method of the carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst for fuel cells, the steps include:

(1) Add H ₂ PtCl ₆ ·6H ₂ O and sodium oxalate to the mixed solution of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, stir at room temperature for 60 minutes, the mass volume concentration of H ₂ PtCl ₆ ·6H ₂ O in the mixed solution is 20g/ L, the volume ratio of ethylene glycol to propylene glycol is 1:1, the mass ratio of H ₂ PtCl ₆ ·6H ₂ O to sodium oxalate is 10:1;

(2) adding a propylene glycol solution with a mass concentration of 10% NaOH to the mixed solution obtained in step (1), adjusting the pH value to 11, and heating to reflux for 8 hours under normal pressure with nitrogen protection;

(3) Add carbon nanotubes to the mixed solution gained in step (2), the molar ratio of metal Pt and carbon nanotubes is Pt:C=0.015:1, and stir at room temperature for 48 hours to make the metal sol particles uniformly dispersed in the nanometer on the carbon tube;

(4) Add an aqueous solution of _H2NO3 with a mass concentration of 10% to the mixed solution obtained in step (3), adjust the pH value to 1, add 2 ml of double-distilled water, and ultrasonically vibrate for 30 minutes to break _the gel;

(5) Vacuum suction filtration of the mixed solution obtained in step (4), the filter cake is washed with twice distilled water until Cl ^- ions cannot be detected, and dried at 90° C. for 8 hours in a vacuum drying oven, cooled, and ground to obtain this product Carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst Pt/CNT for fuel cells.

Embodiment three

The preparation method of the carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst for fuel cells, the steps include:

(1) Add H ₂ PtCl ₆ ·6H ₂ O and sodium tartrate into the mixed solution of ethylene glycol and glycerol, stir at room temperature for 30 minutes, the mass volume concentration of H ₂ PtCl ₆ ·6H ₂ O in the mixed solution is 15g /L, the volume ratio of ethylene glycol to glycerin is 1:2, the mass ratio of H ₂ PtCl ₆ 6H ₂ O to sodium tartrate is 1:1;

(2) Adding a glycerin solution with a mass concentration of 8% KOH to the mixed solution obtained in step (1), adjusting the pH value to 10, and heating to reflux for 6 hours under normal pressure with nitrogen protection;

(3) Add carbon nanotubes to the mixed solution obtained in step (2), the molar ratio of metal Pt and carbon nanotubes is Pt:C=0.025:1, stir at room temperature for 24 hours, so that the metal sol particles are evenly dispersed in the nanometer on the carbon tube;

(4) Add an aqueous solution of _H2NO3 with a mass concentration of 8% to the mixed solution obtained in step (3), adjust the pH value to 3, add 1 ml of double distilled water, and ultrasonically vibrate for 20 minutes to break _the gel;

(5) Vacuum suction filtration of the mixed solution obtained in step (4), the filter cake is washed with twice distilled water until Cl ^- ions cannot be detected, and dried at 90° C. for 8 hours in a vacuum drying oven, cooled, and ground to obtain this product Carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst Pt/CNT for fuel cells.

Embodiment four

The metal salt precursor is a mixture of H ₂ PtCl ₆ 6H ₂ O and RuCl ₃ with a molar ratio of Pt:Ru=1:1, which is added to the alcohol reducing agent ethylene glycol and the organic solvent is a mixed solution of propylene glycol and acetone. The volume ratio of glycol and organic solvent (containing propylene glycol and acetone) is 1: 1, and the volume ratio of propylene glycol and acetone in the organic solvent is 1: 3, and the mol ratio of metal Pt and Xc-72R carbon black is Pt: C=0.025: 1, Add directly in step (1); step (2) is to react in an autoclave for 3 hours, and the temperature is controlled at 120°C. Other operations were the same as in Example 1, so as to prepare the carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst Pt-Ru/C for fuel cells.

Embodiment five

The metal salt precursor is a mixture of H ₂ PtCl ₆ 6H ₂ O and RuCl ₃ , the molar ratio of Pt:Ru=1:1, adding the alcohol reducing agent propylene glycol and the mixed solution of ethylene glycol and acetone as the organic solvent, reducing Propylene glycol and organic solvent (containing ethylene glycol and acetone) volume ratio are 1: 1, and the volume ratio of ethylene glycol and acetone in the organic solvent is 3: 1, and the molar ratio of metal Pt and carbon nanotube is Pt: C=0.025: 1. Add directly in step (1); step (2) is to react in an autoclave for 8 hours, and the temperature is controlled at 160°C. Other operations were the same as in Example 2, so as to prepare the carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst Pt-Ru/CNT used in fuel cells.

Embodiment six

The metal salt precursor is a mixture of H ₂ PtCl ₆ 6H ₂ O and RuCl ₃ , the molar ratio of Pt:Ru=1:1, adding the alcohol reducing agent propylene glycol and the mixed solution of ethylene glycol and acetone as the organic solvent, reducing The volume ratio of propylene glycol and organic solvent is 1: 2, the volume ratio of ethylene glycol and acetone in the organic solvent is 1: 2, carbon nanotubes are carbon supports, and the mol ratio of metal Pt to carbon nanotubes is Pt: C=0.075: 1 is directly added in step (1); step (2) is reacted in an autoclave for 5 hours, and the temperature is controlled at 140°C. Other operations were the same as in Example 3, so as to prepare the carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst Pt-Ru/CNT used in fuel cells.

Embodiment seven

The metal salt precursor is a mixture of H ₂ PtCl ₆ ·6H ₂ O, RuCl ₃ , and IrCl ₃ , with a molar ratio of Pt:Ru=1:1 and a molar ratio of Pt:Ir=2:1. Xc-72R carbon black is the carbon carrier, and the molar ratio of metal Pt to Xc-72R carbon black is Pt:C=0.03:1. Other operations were the same as in Example 4, so as to prepare the carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst Pt-Ru-Ir/C for fuel cells.

Embodiment eight

The metal salt precursor is a mixture of H ₂ PtCl ₆ ·6H ₂ O, RuCl ₃ , and IrCl ₃ , with a molar ratio of Pt:Ru=1:1 and a molar ratio of Pt:Ir=7:1. Carbon nanotubes are carbon supports, and the molar ratio of metal Pt to carbon nanotubes is Pt:C=0.03:1. Other operations were the same as in Example 5, so as to prepare the carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst Pt-Ru-Ir/CNT used in fuel cells.

Embodiment nine

The metal salt precursor is a mixture of H ₂ PtCl ₆ ·6H ₂ O, RuCl ₃ , and IrCl ₃ , with a molar ratio of Pt:Ru=1:1 and a molar ratio of Pt:Ir=4:1. Carbon nanotubes are carbon supports, and the molar ratio of metal Pt to carbon nanotubes is Pt:C=0.09:1. Other operations were the same as in Example 6, so as to prepare the carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst Pt-Ru-Ir/CNT used in fuel cells.

Embodiment ten

The complexing agent is disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, and other operations are the same as in Example 1, so as to obtain the carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst Pt/C used in fuel cells.

The carbon-supported platinum-based catalysts prepared by the invention are Pt/C, Pt-Ru/C, Pt-Ru-Ir/C, Pt/CNT, Pt-Ru/CNT, and Pt-Ru-Ir/CNT. As shown in Figure 1 and 2, it is the transmission electron micrograph of the Pt-Ru-Ir/CNT catalyst prepared by the present invention; as shown in Figure 3 and 4, it is the transmission electron microscope photograph of the Pt/CNT catalyst prepared by the present invention; Shown in 5 and 6 are transmission electron micrographs of the Pt/C catalyst prepared by the present invention.

Fig. 7 is the XRD pattern of Pt-Ru-Ir/CNT catalyst, Fig. 8 is the cyclic voltammetry pattern of several catalysts in 0.5mol/LH ₂ SO ₄ +0.5mol/LCH ₃ OH solution, wherein curve 1 is The PtRu/C catalyst of JohnsonMat they company, curve 2 is the PtRuIr/C catalyst that the present invention makes, and curve 3 is the PtRuIr/CNT catalyst that the present invention makes, and the activity ratio of three kinds of catalysts is 1: 1.9: 4.6. The average particle size of active component Pt measured by XRD broadening method, and the catalyst performance data measured by voltammetry are shown in the table below. Catalyst and its composition Particle size (nm) Surface active area (m ² /g) Oxidation peak current (mA/mg·Pt·cm ² ) Pt/C 3.1 162.3 779.8 Pt/CNT 2.1 240.3 1406.27 Pt-Ru/C 2.4 154.8 1138.25 Pt-Ru/CNT 1.2 466.3 1883.2 Pt-Ru-Ir/C 1.3 164.2 1265.2 Pt-Ru-Ir/CNT 1.1 694.2 2543.99

As described above, the present invention can be preferably carried out.

Claims (7)

1. A method for preparing a carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst for a fuel cell, characterized in that it comprises the steps: (1) Add the metal salt precursor together with complexing agent and alcohol reducing agent into the organic solvent, stir the mixed solution at room temperature for 10-60 minutes, and the mass volume concentration of the metal salt precursor in the mixed solution is 1-20g /L, the volume ratio of alcohol reducing agent to organic solvent is 1:5~1:1, the mass ratio of metal salt precursor to complexing agent is 1~10:5~1, and the metal salt precursor is H ₂ PtCl ₆ 6H ₂ O, or a mixture of H ₂ PtCl ₆ 6H ₂ O, RuCl ₃ , the molar ratio Pt:Ru=1:1, or a mixture of H ₂ PtCl ₆ 6H ₂ O, RuCl ₃ , IrCl ₃ , molar ratio Pt: Ru=1: 1, molar ratio Pt: Ir=2～7: 1; (2) Add alkaline substances to the mixed solution obtained in step (1), adjust the pH value to 8-11, and pass nitrogen protection under normal pressure to heat and reflux for 4-8 hours, or react in an autoclave for 3-8 hours, The temperature is controlled at 120-160°C; (3) Adding a carbon carrier to the mixed solution obtained in step (2), the molar ratio Pt:C=0.015～0.09:1, stirring at room temperature for 12 to 48 hours, so that the metal sol particles are evenly dispersed on the carbon carrier; (4) Add an acidic substance to the mixed solution obtained in step (3), adjust the pH value to 1-4, add 0-2 ml of double-distilled water, and ultrasonically vibrate for 10-30 minutes to break the gel; (5) Suction filter the mixed solution obtained in step (4), wash the filter cake with water until ^Cl- ions cannot be detected, dry under vacuum, cool, and grind to obtain the carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst for fuel cells. 2. The method for preparing the carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst for fuel cells according to claim 1, wherein the complexing agent comprises sodium citrate, sodium oxalate, disodium edetate, sodium tartrate, Described alcohol reducing agent comprises ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, and described organic solvent comprises ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, or a kind of mixed solution of above alcohols and acetone, volume ratio is 3:1～1:3. 3. The method for preparing a carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the alkaline substance comprises an alcoholic solution of KOH or NaOH with a mass concentration of 5-10%, and the Alcohols include ethylene glycol, glycerol, and propylene glycol. 4. The method for preparing the carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst for fuel cells according to claim 1, wherein the acidic substance comprises an aqueous solution of H ₂ SO ₄ or HNO ₃ with a mass concentration of 5-10%. 5. The method for preparing the carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst for fuel cells according to claim 1, wherein the carbon support comprises Xc-72R carbon black or carbon nanotubes. 6. The method for preparing a carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst for fuel cells according to claim 1, wherein the carbon support can be directly added simultaneously with the metal salt precursor in step (1). 7. A carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst for fuel cells, characterized in that: it is prepared according to the preparation method of a carbon-supported platinum-based catalyst for fuel cells according to claim 1, comprising Pt/C, Pt-Ru/C, Pt-Ru-Ir/C, Pt/CNT, Pt-Ru/CNT, Pt-Ru-Ir/CNT.

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