CN1771776A - No-tillage and fertilization of intertillage crops to achieve the same location of planting and water sitting water planter - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to agricultural machinery, and is especially one kind of no-tillage crop fertilizing and seeding machine with synchronized seeding and irrigation. The machine has operation steps of ditching, fertilizing, seeding, irrigating, covering soil and compacting soil. The structure of the machine includes water tank, beam mounting, ground wheels, band fertilizing unit, hole seeding unit and intermittent irrigating unit. The machine has synchronization of seeding and irrigation, true hole seeding and hole irrigation, water saving and raised operation efficiency.

Description

No-tillage and fertilization of intertillage crops to achieve the same location of planting and water sitting water planter

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a water-riding seeder for zero-tillage and fertilization of row crops, which realizes the same location of planting water.

Background technique

In the arid and semi-arid areas of northern my country, there are nine droughts in ten years, especially in spring. During the sowing period of crops, often due to lack of precipitation, poor soil moisture, and low water content, it is difficult for seeds to germinate, late emergence or lack of seedlings, or even no seedlings, seriously affecting agricultural production. In order to ensure the emergence of full and strong seedlings, farmers have explored a set of supplementary irrigation and moisture-increasing agronomy called sitting water sowing in production practice. Its operating procedures are digging (or ditching), water injection, planting, fertilization, soil covering and suppression. With this kind of drought-resistant and water-saving agronomy, limited water sources such as streams, river ponds, rain cellars, reservoirs, and shallow wells can be used for partial irrigation. Irrigation saves water by more than 90%, which is more than 60% more than sprinkler irrigation; increase the local water content of the soil, sow seeds in a timely manner, and achieve the goal of uniform and strong seedlings, and the emergence rate can reach more than 95%.

According to experiments, corn can increase yield by 15% to 20% in mild drought years, and can maintain stable yield in severe drought years.

At present, there are two types of water sowing agronomy: artificial water sowing and mechanical water injection sowing.

In addition to the use of motor vehicles for water transportation, other operations such as digging holes, water injection, planting, fertilization and soil covering are all done manually. All operations require 5 to 7 people, and the daily sowing area is 4.5 to 6 mu. The efficiency is relatively high. Low.

There are two kinds of mechanical water injection sowing methods: clear water injection and dark water injection. In the Ming-style water injection, the tractor pulls the water truck to inject water into the ditch while opening the ditch. After the water penetrates into the soil, the seeder is used to sow, fertilize, and cover the soil. Concealed water injection is realized by using a water seeder. The feature is that the water is below the sowing position, the soil is not compacted, avoids evaporation, saves water and is conducive to seed germination and seedling emergence, and the efficiency is 7 to 10 times higher than that of manual operation. Since 1995, my country has developed a variety of water-sitting seeders, which have been tested, demonstrated and popularized in production practice. Typical machines such as 2BFS-3 Corn Water Fertilizer Hard Stubble Seeder are suitable for water sowing of row crops such as beans and corn, and are mainly used for no-tillage direct sowing of summer corn, which can complete ditching, fertilization and strip irrigation at one time , sowing and covering soil and other operations. The sowing row spacing, plant spacing, sowing depth as well as the amount of water and fertilizer can be adjusted to achieve different depths of water, fertilizer and seeds. However, the existing implements are still not perfect and need to be further improved. For example, the driving stability of the tractor with the water tank is poor, which affects the safe operation of the driver; The outstanding problem is that it is difficult to achieve the same position of planting water in hole irrigation of row crops.

The so-called planting water co-location means that the supplementary irrigation water (or the gel mixture formed after adding water-retaining agent) should be concentrated on the seed in the vertical and horizontal directions (the forward direction of the seeder is the vertical direction, and the row spacing direction is horizontal) after the row crops are planted in water. Surroundings, with the theoretical sowing position as the center, supplementary irrigation water should be concentrated within a radius of 40-50mm. And the depth direction should be as deep as the seed or directly below the seed. Agronomic experiments have proved that the same position of planting water can make full use of supplementary irrigation water, improve water use efficiency, and improve the effect of drought resistance and seedling protection. For example, hole irrigation of corn can reduce the amount of irrigation water by 40% compared with hole-sowing strip irrigation. When the amount of water carried by the tractor is the same, the operation area of one water addition is increased by 40%, so the number of times of water addition is reduced and the operation efficiency is improved by about 30%. However, the analysis of the water-based planters for row crops developed in my country in recent years has two operating procedures: ① forming holes in the seed bed, watering the holes, sowing in the holes, covering the soil, and suppressing them; Covering soil and suppressing; the first process is prone to the phenomenon that the seeding does not enter the hole or the irrigation does not enter the hole, and the corresponding operating machinery has a complicated structure. Moreover, as the operating speed of the seeder increases, it is more difficult to enter the hole; However, the hole irrigation and hole sowing are carried out twice before and after, which is still easy to cause the seed and water to be misaligned.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems and realize the seed and water colocation of intertillage crops in the water sowing operation, the present invention proposes a new operation process and a new type of no-tillage fertilization and water seat seeder for implementing the process.

The specific technical scheme is as follows: a water-riding seeder for zero-tillage and fertilization of intertillage crops that realizes the same position of seed and water. The principle can be explained as follows: during the field work, the machine forms a dynamic soil cavity between the two wings of the opener and the backfilled soil at the back. In this cavity, water and seeds are injected at the same time, which may improve the accuracy of the action. , to avoid the problems of the aforementioned two processes, and ensure the same position of species and water. After covering and suppressing, the supplementary irrigation water permeates to the bottom, both sides of the seed ditch and the upper backfill soil according to the law of unsaturated soil moisture movement, forming a moist area with a radius of 40-50mm around the seeds, which can achieve supplementary irrigation and water conservation. effective agronomic requirements. A new type of no-tillage and fertilization sit-water seeder implementing the above-mentioned operation procedures has a structure including a water tank, a beam frame, a ground wheel, a strip fertilization device, a hole sowing device, and an intermittent water injection device. The hole sowing device includes a synchronous signal generator, and the intermittent water injection device includes a trusted actuator. The synchronization signal generated during the hole sowing and seeding process is transmitted to the intermittent water injection device and controls its action, so that the two have the same rhythm and phase coordination; and intermittent water injection The water injection pipe at the lower part of the device and the seed delivery pipe at the lower part of the hole planting device merge into a discharge pipe in a Y shape, and an elastic valve is set at the lower end of the discharge pipe to block the seeds that fall earlier in the phase and make them stay temporarily, and the intermittent water flow in the later phase arrives. The valve is then flushed open so that water and seeds simultaneously fall from the same outlet into the dynamic soil cavity behind the sowing opener.

Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical scheme, the co-location of seeds and water can be effectively guaranteed, and hole-planting and hole irrigation of row crops in the true sense can be realized, water consumption can be reduced, water utilization rate can be improved, and operation efficiency can be improved.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing.

Embodiment is a four-row corn no-tillage fertilization seated water seeder pulled by a medium-horsepower tractor.

Fig. 1 is the front view of schematic complete machine structure;

Fig. 2 is a top view corresponding to Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of seed and water at the same time and at the same point;

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the seed metering device structure of hole sowing device;

Fig. 5 is the synchronous signal generator structure schematic diagram of hole planting device;

Fig. 6 is a diagram of the period and phase correspondence between hole sowing and seeding and intermittent water injection.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the safety frame 1 is installed on the tractor; the water tank 2 is installed on both sides of the safety frame 1; the integral beam frame 3 is connected with the tractor by three-point suspension and is hydraulically lifted; it is installed on both sides of the beam frame The ground wheels 4 are supported on the ground and profiled vertically during operation, and their passive rotation in the operation stroke drives the fertilizer discharger 7 with the chain drive 5 . The strip fertilization device is installed on the beam frame 3, which consists of an overall fertilizer box 6, four outer grooved wheel fertilizer dischargers 7, four narrow hoe shovel type stubble breaking fertilization ditch openers 8, four double disc type soil covering Composed of device 9, four rows of stubble breaking, ditching, fertilization and soil covering operations are completed in one stroke. There are four groups of hole sowing devices, one group per row, which are hung on the beam frame 3 by the parallelogram mechanism 10, and work together with the pressing wheel 18 to vertically copy the ground. During installation, the agronomic requirements and the fertilization row should be staggered by an appropriate distance according to the level of seed and fertilizer. Each group of hole sowing devices is mainly composed of a seed box 11, a socket wheel type seed metering device 12, a seed delivery pipe 13, a discharge pipe 14 and a rubber elastic valve 15 at the lower end, a narrow hoe shovel type sowing opener 16, and a double disc. Formula soil cover device 17, suppressing wheel 18 are formed. Each group of hole sowing devices also includes a synchronous signal generator, which is composed of a proximity switch 20 and a time scale wheel 21 that is installed on the rotating shaft of the seed meter 12 and whose angle can be adjusted as required. During operation, the pressing wheel 18 drives the seed metering device 12 to rotate through the chain transmission 19, and intermittently discharges 1 to 2 corn seeds each time. After passing through the seed delivery pipe 13, the seeds arrive at the valve 15 of the discharge pipe 14 before the water and temporarily stop there. , wait for the current to flush open the valve, and fall into the dynamic soil cavity behind the sowing opener 16 at the same point as the water, and complete four rows of ditching, sowing and water injection, soil covering, and suppression operations in one stroke. At the same time, the proximity switch 20 generates a synchronous pulse signal due to the coaxial rotation of the time indexing wheel 21 and the seed meter, which is transmitted to the intermittent water injection device through a wire.

The intermittent water injection device also has four groups, and each group corresponds to one row, mainly composed of aqueduct 22, drain valve 23, DC traction electromagnet 24 and water injection pipe 25 as trusted actuators, and the lower end of the water injection pipe is connected with the seed delivery pipe 13 of the hole planting device. Converge into discharge pipe 14 with Y shape, and electromagnet 24 is electrically connected with the proximity switch 20 of tractor power supply and hole sowing device. During operation, the synchronous pulse signal from the hole planting device controls the coil current of the electromagnet 24 to be on and off, and the armature is driven to open or close the conical valve core in the drain valve 23 through lever transmission to realize intermittent water injection. The intermittent water flow arrives at the valve 15 at the lower end of the discharge pipe 14 by the water injection pipe 25, rushes open the valve and entrains the seeds that have been waiting here and falls into the dynamic soil cavity at the sowing opener 16 rear.

Figure 6 shows the corresponding relationship between hole sowing and intermittent water injection in terms of beat and phase, which is further explained in conjunction with Figure 4 and Figure 5 as follows:

As shown in Figure 4, the hole wheel type seed metering device 12, the time for the hole wheel to rotate one circle is defined as the seeding cycle T _S , the hole wheel has 6 holes, and a total of 6 seeds are discharged in one cycle T _S times, the sockets are evenly distributed, and the time when the socket wheel rotates through an angle of 60° is defined as the seeding period t ₁ ; the time when the arc length of the socket is rotated corresponding to the central angle of 30° is defined as the seeding time t ₂ , and the remaining 30° The time of ° angle is defined as the interval time _t3 ; according to the size characteristics of corn seeds, only when more than half of the socket is turned over the seed protection tongue, the probability of seeding is the greatest, so within the seeding time _t2 , the rear half of the socket corresponds to 15 The time when the central angle of the circle rotates through the seed tongue is defined as the most probable seeding time t ₄ .

Synchronous signal generator as shown in Figure 5, the time for the time indexing wheel 21 and the socket wheel to rotate one circle coaxially is defined as the water injection cycle T _W , and the intermittent water injection is controlled 6 times in a cycle T _W , and the time indexing wheel 21 Each rotation of 60° angle, that is, the time for controlling each intermittent water injection is defined as the water injection sub-period t ₅ , wherein the proximity switch 20 is turned on within the range of 20° angle rotation, and the control electromagnet 24 opens the drain valve 23 to inject water, which is defined as water injection Time t ₆ ; in addition, the proximity switch 20 cuts off the current within the angle range of 40° rotation, and the control electromagnet 24 closes the drain valve without water injection, which is defined as the water injection intermittent time t ₇ . The angular position of the time indexing wheel 21 installed on the rotating shaft of the seed metering device 12 can be adjusted as required, so that the start time of the water injection sub-cycle lags behind the start time of the seed-discharging cycle, and the lag time is defined as the phase difference t ₈ .

Due to the technical scheme and embodiment structure proposed by the present invention, the seeding period T _s = water injection period T _w ; the seeding period t ₁ = the water injection sub-period t ₅ ; the seeding interval time t ₃ > the watering time t ₆ ; the seeding period Time t ₂ < water injection intermittent time t ₇ . Adjust the phase difference t ₈ =seeding time t ₂ , so that the seeds in each hole arrive at the elastic valve 15 at the lower end of the discharge pipe 14 slightly earlier than each intermittent water flow and stay there for a short time, waiting for the water flow to open the valve. Therefore, the rhythm of the two is the same, and the phase is coordinated, which can ensure that the seeds and water are planted at the same time at the same time, and the seeds and water are in the same place.

Claims (4)

1, a kind ofly realize kind, the intertillage crop no-tillage fertilizing Watering sower of water coordination, its structure comprises water tank, roof beam structure, land wheel, band fertilizer apparatus, hole seeding arrangement, intermittent water flooding device, it is characterized in that: enforcement breaking trench digging, fertilising, kind, water are executed with program request simultaneously.The flow chart of earthing, suppression.

2, according to claim 1ly a kind ofly realize kind, the intertillage crop no-tillage fertilizing Watering sower of water coordination, it is characterized in that: described hole seeding arrangement includes synchronous generator, described intermittent water flooding device includes the trusted actuator.

3, according to claim 1ly a kind ofly realize kind, the intertillage crop no-tillage fertilizing Watering sower of water coordination, it is characterized in that: the water injection pipe of described intermittent water flooding device bottom and the grain tube of hole seeding arrangement bottom merge into discharge pipe with the Y shape.

4, according to claim 1 and claim 3 describedly a kind ofly realize kind, the intertillage crop no-tillage fertilizing Watering sower of water coordination, it is characterized in that: described discharge pipe lower end is provided with an elastic valve.

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