CN1771651A - bearingless motor - Google Patents

Abstract

A motor without bearing is composed of stator, rotor, upper and lower magnetic structures. The stator structure is located in the shell, and the rotor structure is also located in the shell and is configured corresponding to the stator structure. The rotor structure is provided with an axis which extends axially and protrudes out of the rotor structure, and the axis is not contacted with the stator structure or the shell. The lower magnetic structure is positioned at the bottom of the shell, the upper magnetic structure is positioned at the top of the shell, and the upper magnetic structure and the lower magnetic structure are respectively positioned at axial opposite positions. Wherein the upper magnetic structure and the lower magnetic structure are mutually attracted, and the axis is fixed between the upper magnetic structure and the lower magnetic structure by means of magnetic attraction.

Description

bearingless motor

technical field

The present invention relates to a motor, in particular to a non-bearing motor with high power, long life and low noise.

Background technique

In today's motors, in order to make it run smoothly, the shaft center part of the rotor is generally covered by the bearing, so that the rotor can run smoothly with the support of the bearing. Conventional bearings are Palin bearings, Sleeve Bearings, dynamic pressure bearings, magnetic bearings, etc. However, each of the aforementioned bearings has its own advantages and disadvantages. Palin bearing is also called ball bearing (Bal lBearing), which is composed of an outer ring, an inner ring and a plurality of metal balls, wherein each metal ball is located between the inner ring and the outer ring. Since the operation of this type of bearing is carried out by the rotation of multiple metal balls, and the contact between each metal ball and the inner ring (or outer ring) is a point contact, it is quite easy to operate. However, since the structure of this type of bearing is quite fragile, it cannot bear the impact of external force. Furthermore, when the motor using this bearing is running. Because the metal return ball runs in a rolling manner, it will generate a lot of noise at high speed. Furthermore, since the metal balls, the inner ring, and the outer ring require high precision, their prices are high.

Oil-impregnated bearings are also called powder sintered self-lubricating bearings, which are formed by mixing metal powders such as copper powder, iron powder, nickel powder, and lead powder to form a bearing shape, and then immersing lubricating oil into the pores of the bearing. When the oil-impregnated bearing is used in the motor, the oil-impregnated bearing is fixed at the center of the motor stator, and then the shaft center of the rotor is placed in the bearing. At this time, an appropriate gap must be maintained between the bearing and the shaft center. When the motor is running, oil seeps from the bearings to allow the rotor to spin with lubrication. These bearings are more resistant to impact than ball bearings and are also less expensive. However, when this type of bearing is used in a motor, long-term operation will cause the lubricating oil in the bearing to evaporate, causing direct friction between the shaft center and the bearing, and even forming nitrides at both ends of the bearing that hinder the operation, making it easy to be damaged and damaged. Increase its noise volume. In addition, the dust in the air will also be sucked into the core of the motor due to the operation of the fan motor, and it will mix with the lubricating oil stored around the bearing to form sludge, which will cause running noise, or even freeze. Furthermore, the gap between the bearing and the shaft center is small, and the starting effect of the motor is poor.

The dynamic pressure bearing is a deformation of the aforementioned oil-impregnated bearing. It forms two rings of arrow-shaped grooves on the inner wall surface, so that when the motor is running, the lubricating oil and air in the bearing are squeezed from both sides of the arrow toward the tip of the groove. Press to form two oil and gas rings to support the shaft. When the motor uses this type of bearing, because the oil and gas are collected at the tip of the groove, the oil and gas are less likely to be lost and the service life is longer than that of the oil-impregnated bearing. However, the groove on the inner side of the dynamic pressure bearing needs to be formed through an extremely precise machining process, and the gap between the shaft center and the bearing needs to be accurately controlled, so the production cost of the dynamic pressure bearing is much higher than the above-mentioned bearings. Furthermore, when the motor rotates at a low speed, since the oil and gas cannot form an oil and gas ring, the dynamic pressure effect cannot be generated at low speed, making the effect the same as that of an oil-impregnated bearing.

Magnetic bearings form a plurality of N-S magnetic poles on the shaft, and form the same N-S magnetic poles as the shaft at the relative position of the bearing, so that when the motor is running, the shaft is suspended by magnetic repulsion on the bearing. Since the shaft and the bearing are not in contact with each other at this time, there is less problem of friction noise during operation. However, since the current design of the magnetic bearing is to keep the distance between the shaft center and the bearing below 0.2mm at rest, the parts of the bearing around the shaft center move towards the center of the circle. The thrusts generated are equal and offset each other. At this time, when the shaft center is shifted due to external force or the driving force of its operation, its balance will be destroyed, and the shaft center will easily collide with the bearing during operation, thereby causing Its noise increases, its life is shortened, and it may not even run smoothly.

Furthermore, the aforementioned magnetic bearing also suffers from problems such as inability to start smoothly due to its magnetic balance. Therefore, the magnetic bearing is still in the experimental stage and cannot enter the mass production stage smoothly. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a bearingless motor to greatly reduce the amount of motor running noise. Furthermore, the present invention further proposes a bearingless motor to greatly increase the operating life of the motor. Furthermore, the present invention further proposes a bearingless motor to greatly reduce the production cost. Therefore, the present invention provides a bearingless motor, which is composed of a fixed structure, a rotor structure, and an upper and lower magnetic structure. The stator structure is located in the housing, and the rotor structure is also located in the housing and configured correspondingly to the stator structure. The rotor structure has an axis, which extends axially and protrudes from the rotor structure, and the axis does not contact the stator structure or the housing. The lower magnetic structure is located at the bottom of the housing, the upper magnetic structure is located at the top of the housing, and the upper magnetic structure and the lower magnetic structure are respectively located at opposite positions in the axial direction. The upper magnetic structure and the lower magnetic structure attract each other, and the axis is fixed between the upper and lower magnetic structures by means of magnetic attraction. In the above-mentioned bearingless motor of the present invention, its axis is attracted (or point-contacted) with the upper magnetic structure, attracted (or point-contacted) with the lower magnetic structure, or attracted (or point-contacted) with the upper and lower magnetic structures simultaneously. Furthermore, the bearingless motor of the present invention may also have at least one wear-resistant structure located between the shaft center and the lower magnetic structure, between the shaft center and the upper magnetic structure, or between the shaft center and the upper and lower magnetic structures . When the shaft center is in contact with the wear-resistant structure, the contact mode is point contact. The above-mentioned bearingless motor of the present invention. It further includes a magnetic structure surrounding the rotor structure and a stator magnetic conducting structure surrounding the fixed structure, and the position of the stator magnetic conducting structure corresponds to the magnetic structure on the rotor structure. The magnetic force central plane of the magnetic structure of the rotor structure may be slightly higher, slightly lower or parallel to the magnetic force central plane of the stator magnetic permeable structure in the axial direction.

Furthermore, in the above-mentioned bearingless motor of the present invention, when the stator structure is covered in the rotor structure, its axis can extend into the opening in the center of the stator structure, and a protective structure can be formed on the side wall of the opening. The structure is not in contact with this axis.

In the above-mentioned bearingless motor of the present invention, the surface shape of the end of the shaft center can be flat, arc-shaped, tapered, concave curved surface or convex curved surface, and the upper magnetic structure or the lower magnetic structure faces the shaft center The shape of the end surface is planar, arc-shaped, tapered, concave curved surface or convex curved surface. Wherein when the shaft center and the upper magnetic structure or the lower magnetic structure are in point contact with each other, the shape of the end face of the shaft center and the shape of the end face of the upper magnetic structure or the end face of the lower magnetic structure correspond to each other. Furthermore, the surface shape of the end of the wear-resistant structure facing the axis can also be flat, arc-shaped, pointed, concave or convex, wherein when the axis and the wear-resistant structure are in point contact with each other , the shape of the end surface of the shaft center and the shape of the end surface of the wear-resistant structure correspond to each other.

In the above-mentioned bearingless motor of the present invention, there may also be a plurality of fan blades surrounding the periphery of the rotor structure. These fan blades can be centrifugal fan blades, flat fan blades or axial flow fans. The housing can also be composed of an upper housing and a lower housing. The joining method of the upper case and the lower case may be fitted, clamped, bonded, locked or respectively fixed via a buffer structure. Specifically, the upper case and the lower case are, for example, a combination of buckles corresponding to each other.

In the above-mentioned bearingless motor of the present invention, the upper and lower magnetic structures and the shaft centers share the same axis. Furthermore, the present invention further provides a bearingless motor, which is suitable for a fan motor, which is composed of a stator structure, a rotor structure, a plurality of fan blades and a supporting magnetic structure. The stator structure lives on the base, and the stator structure has at least one stator magnetic conduction structure, and the stator magnetic conduction structure is arranged around the fixed structure. The rotor structure is located on the base. The rotor structure has an axis and at least one magnetic structure. The axis extends axially and protrudes from the rotor structure. The magnetic structure is arranged around the rotor structure and the position of the magnetic structure is corresponding to the fixed magnetic structure. The fan blade is around the periphery of the rotor structure, and the supporting magnetic structure is fixed on the base. The supporting magnetic structure fixes the shaft by means of magnetic attraction, and the supporting magnetic structure is in point contact with the shaft. Among them, the magnetic center plane on the rotor structure is slightly higher than the magnetic center plane fixed on the structure in the axial direction. In the above-mentioned bearingless motor of the present invention, only one point of the axis of the rotor is in contact with the stator structure, and even there is no contact at all due to the gas buoyancy during operation, so the noise of the motor can be greatly reduced and the operating life of the motor can be improved.

Furthermore, the bearingless fan motor of the present invention can use the magnetic attraction force of the shaft center and the buoyancy force of the airflow when the fan is running, so that the rotor shaft can run without contact, which can greatly reduce the noise of the motor and improve the operating life of the motor. .

Furthermore, since the bearingless motor of the present invention does not need to use commonly used bearings, the manufacturing and assembly costs of this component can be avoided, thereby greatly reducing the production cost.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a bearingless motor according to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a bearingless motor according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 A to FIG. 3D is a partial illustration showing the axis and magnetic structure of the bearingless motor of the present invention intent;

4 is a schematic structural view of a bearingless motor according to a third preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a bearingless motor according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention. Symbol Description:

100, 200, 300, 400: Bearingless motor

102, 208: housing

102a: Upper housing

102b: lower housing

104: Stator structure

106: Rotor structure

108, 110, 118, 202, 202a, 202b, 202c, 202d, 302, 304, 402: Magnetic structures

112: Stator fixing seat

114: Stator magnetic structure

116, 116a, 116b, 116c, 116d: axis

120: Magnetic shell

122: fan blade

124, 126, 206, 406, 408: Wear-resistant structure 128: Protective structure 130: Opening

132: rotor housing

204, 404: Magnetic body

Pl, P2: magnetic center plane Detailed ways

In order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, a preferred embodiment will be specifically cited below, together with the accompanying drawings, and described in detail as follows:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a bearingless motor according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1, the bearingless motor 100 of the present invention is composed of a housing 102, a stator structure 104, a rotor structure 106 and a magnetic structure 108, wherein the magnetic structure 108 and the magnetic structure 110 attract each other, and the magnetic structures 108, 110 The shaft center 116 of the extending and protruding rotor structure 106 share a common axis. In the bearingless motor 100 of the present invention, the rotor structure 106 is fixed between the magnetic structures 108, 110 only by the magnetic attraction force of the magnetic structures 108, 110 to its shaft center 116.

The casing 102 is used as a protective shell of the bearingless motor 100 to prevent the internal components of the bearingless motor 100 from being damaged by external force. The casing 102 can be integrally formed, or can be composed of an upper casing 102a and a lower body 102b. It can also be divided into multiple parts and combined. The combination method of the upper case 102a and the lower case 102b is, for example, fitting, clamping, bonding, locking, and fixing respectively via a buffer structure. Furthermore, the upper case 102a and the lower case 102b are, for example, a combination of buckles corresponding to each other (as shown in FIG. 1 ).

The stator structure 104 is located in the housing 102 and is used to generate induced current or provide driving force for the rotor structure 106 described later. The stator structure 104 is composed of a circuit board (not shown), a fixed seat 112 and at least one stator magnetically permeable structure 114, wherein the stator structure 104 is not in contact with the shaft center 116 described later. The stator magnetically permeable structure 114 is arranged around the stator structure 104, and has a magnetic center plane P1. The stator magnetically permeable structure 114 is, for example, a silicon steel sheet or an electromagnet.

The rotor structure 106 is located in the casing 102 and is configured correspondingly to the stator structure. The rotor structure 106 is rotatable on housing 102. The rotor structure 106 is composed of a shaft center 116, a rotor housing 132, at least one magnetic structure 118, and a magnet housing 120. The axis 116 protrudes axially from the rotor structure 106 and is used as a rotation axis when the rotor structure 106 rotates. The surface shape of the end of the axis 116 is, for example, flat, arc-shaped, pointed, concave curved surface, or convex curved surface.

The magnetic structure 118 is arranged around the rotor structure 106 and has a magnetic center plane P2. The position of the magnetic structure 118 corresponds to the stator magnetic permeable structure 114, and the positions of the magnetic center plane P2 and the magnetic center plane P1 are slightly higher in the axial direction, parallel in the axial direction or slightly lower in the axial direction. The magnetic structure 118 is, for example, a permanent magnet or a plastic magnet.

In addition, a plurality of fan blades may also surround the periphery of the rotor structure 106, so as to generate an air flow near the bearingless motor 100 when the rotor structure 106 rotates. The fan blade 122 is, for example, a centrifugal fan blade, a flat fan blade, or an axial flow fan blade.

The magnetic structures 108, 110 are respectively located at the bottom and the top of the housing 102, and the distribution positions of the magnetic structures 108, 110 are respectively located at opposite positions in the axial direction. The magnetic structures 108 and 110 are, for example, permanent magnets, plastic magnets, and electromagnets. The magnetic structures 108, 110 can be fixed on the housing 102 by, for example, bonding, fitting, clamping, jointing and the like. The magnetism of the portion of the magnetic structure 108 facing the magnetic structure 110 is opposite to that of the portion of the magnetic structure 110 facing the magnetic structure 108. The surface shape of the magnetic structures 108 and 110 toward the axis 116 and the surface shape of the end of the axis 116 are curved surfaces in point contact with each other. The surface shape of the magnetic structure 116 is, for example, flat, arc-shaped, tapered, or concave curved surface , Convex surface.

The magnetic structures 108, 110 and the axis 116 are located on the same axis. The magnetic structures 108, 110 and the axis 116 are maintained on the same axis by magnetic force, and the axis 116 is fixed between the magnetic structures 108, 110. When the bearingless motor 100 starts, the shaft center 116 only It is in contact with the magnetic structure 108 in a point contact manner, but not in contact with other components outside the rotor structure 106.

In addition, the shaft center 116 can also be changed to only contact the magnetic structure 110 in a point contact manner, so that the rotor structure 106 is suspended in the casing 102. Furthermore, the shaft center 116 can also be changed to be in contact with the magnetic structures 108, 110 at the same time only in a point contact manner, so that the rotor structure 106 is clamped in the housing 100 by the magnetic structures 108, 110.

Furthermore, in order to further increase the life of the bearingless motor 100, a wear-resistant structure 124, 126 may also be formed between the shaft center 116 and the magnetic structures 108, 110, wherein the shaft center 116 is only in point contact with the wear-resistant structure 124, 126 And it is fixed between the magnetic structures 108, 110 by the magnetic attraction force of the magnetic structures 108, 110. The wear-resistant structures 124, 126 can be formed on the magnetic structures 108, 110 at the same time, and can also be formed only on the part where the axis 116 contacts the magnetic structure (that is, the wear-resistant structure 124 is only formed on the magnetic structure 108 or only on the A wear-resistant structure 126) is formed on the magnetic structure 110. The formation methods of the wear-resistant structures 124, 126 are, for example, bonding, clamping, fitting, and jointing. Furthermore, the wear-resistant structures 124, 126 may or may not be in contact with the magnetic structures 108, 110, and only need to be located on the axis formed by the axis 116 and the magnetic structures 108, 110.

Furthermore, in order to prevent the shaft center 116 from colliding with the fixed seat 112 due to a large external force during the transportation of the bearingless motor 100, a protective structure 128 can also be formed on the inner opening 130 of the stator fixed seat 112, Wherein the protection structure 128 and the axis 116 are not in contact with each other. The material of the protective structure 128 is, for example, plastic, elastic material, shock-absorbing material.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a bearingless motor 200 according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this preferred embodiment, the same reference numerals are used for the same components as in the previous embodiment. The difference between this preferred embodiment and the first preferred embodiment is that this preferred embodiment only uses a single magnetic junction The structure 202 adsorbs the axis 116 of the rotor structure 106, and the magnetic center plane P2 of the magnetic structure 118 is higher than the magnetic center plane P1 of the stator magnetically permeable structure 114. In addition, the point contact position between the axis 116 and the magnetic structure 202 may be slightly higher than, parallel to, or slightly lower than the magnetic center plane P2.

In this preferred embodiment, the magnetic structure 202 can be integrally molded directly from a magnetic material, or can be composed of a wear-resistant structure 206 and a magnetic body 204. Furthermore, the contact surface of the magnetic structure 202 and the shaft 116 or the contact surface of the wear-resistant structure 206 and the shaft 116 are curved surfaces in point contact with each other. The surface of the wear-resistant structure 206 or the magnetic structure 202 is, for example, arc-shaped, tapered, concave curved surface, or convex curved surface. Next, an example is used to further illustrate the relationship between the axis 116 and the magnetic structure 202. When the end of the axis 116a is a convex tapered or arc-shaped curved surface, the surface of the magnetic structure can be a concave curved surface as shown in FIG. 3A or a concave tapered surface as shown in FIG. 3B. When the surface of the magnetic structure 202 is a convex tapered or arc-shaped surface, the end surface of the axis 116a can be a concave curved surface as shown in FIG. 3C or a concave tapered surface as shown in FIG. 3D.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating a bearingless motor 30o according to a third preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this preferred embodiment, the same reference numerals are used for the same components as in the previous embodiment. The difference between this preferred embodiment and the second preferred embodiment is that in this preferred embodiment, a magnetic structure 304 is formed on the top of the stator peripheral seat 112, and a magnetic structure 302 is formed on the rotor housing 132, wherein the magnetic structure 302, 304 are magnetically attracted to each other and do not touch each other. The magnetic structure 304 is not in contact with the stator magnetic structure 114, and the magnetic structure 304 is preferably higher than the stator magnetic structure 114 in the axial direction. The shape of the magnetic structure 304 is, for example, circular, fan-shaped, block-shaped, or strip-shaped, and the shape and position of the magnetic structure 302 correspond to the magnetic structure 302.

Furthermore, the manner in which the magnetic structure 304 is combined with the stator fixing seat 112 is, for example, moving, fitting, clamping, and engaging. The way in which the magnetic structure 302 is combined with the rotor housing 132 is, for example, bonding, fitting, Fastened, joined.

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a bearingless motor 400 according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this preferred embodiment, the same reference numerals are used for the same components as in the previous embodiment. The difference between this preferred embodiment and the third preferred embodiment is that this preferred embodiment only forms the magnetic structure 402 on the top of the housing 102 (that is, the upper housing 102a), and the magnetic center plane P2 of the magnetic structure 118 It is lower than the magnetic center plane P1 of the stator magnetic permeable structure 114. Furthermore, a wear-resistant structure 408 may also be formed on the lower housing 102b, wherein the position where the axis 116 is in point contact with the wear-resistant structure 408 may be slightly higher than, 'parallel to, or slightly lower than the magnetic center plane P1.

In this preferred embodiment, the magnetic structure 402 can be integrally molded directly from a magnetic substance, or can be composed of a wear-resistant structure 406 and a magnetic body 404. Furthermore, the contact surface of the magnetic structure 402 and the shaft center 116, the contact surface of the wear-resistant structure 406 and the shaft center, or the contact surface of the wear-resistant structure 408 and the shaft center 116 are curved surfaces in point contact with each other. The surface of the wear-resistant structure 406, 408 or the magnetic structure 402 is a convex or concave shape corresponding to the axis 116, such as an arc shape, a pointed cone shape, an inner concave surface, and an outer convex surface.

In addition, although the bearingless motor of the present invention is described as being applicable to an axial flow fan motor, it is not limited thereto, and can also be applied to a frameless fan motor, a centrifugal fan motor, an outer rotor motor, and an inner rotor Motors and other types of motors.

In the above-mentioned bearingless motor of the present invention, only one point of the rotor axis is in contact with the fixed structure, and even no contact at all due to the gas buoyancy during operation, so the noise of the motor can be greatly reduced and the operating life of the motor can be improved.

Furthermore, the bearingless fan motor of the present invention can utilize the airflow buoyancy force of the magnetic attraction force of the shaft center when the fan is running, so that the rotor shaft center can run without contact, which can greatly reduce the motor speed. Reduce the amount of noise and increase the life of the motor.

Furthermore, since the bearingless motor of the present invention does not need to use commonly used bearings, the manufacturing and assembly costs of this component can be avoided, thereby greatly reducing the production cost.

Claims (33)

Rights request 1. A bearingless motor, characterized in that the motor comprises: a stator structure located in a casing; a rotor structure, located in the housing and corresponding to the stator structure, the rotor structure has an axis, and the axis is not in contact with the stator structure or the housing; a first magnetic structure located at the bottom of the housing; and A second magnetic structure is located on the top of the housing, and the first magnetic structure and the second magnetic structure are respectively located at opposite positions in the axial direction; Wherein the first magnetic structure and the second magnetic structure attract each other, and the axis is fixed between the first magnetic structure and the second magnetic structure by means of magnetic attraction force, the first magnetic structure, the second magnetic structure The structure and the axis share a common axis. 2. The bearingless motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the shaft is in contact with or magnetically attracted to the first magnetic structure, in contact with or magnetically attracted to the second magnetic structure, or simultaneously with the the first magnetic structure and the second magnetic structure are in contact or are magnetically attracted, The contact mode is point contact. 3. The bearingless motor according to claim 1, further comprising at least one wear-resistant structure, located between the shaft center and the first magnetic structure, the shaft center and the second magnetic structure One of the groups formed between the axis and the first magnetic structure and the second magnetic structure. 4. The bearingless motor according to claim 3, characterized in that: the shaft center is in contact with the wear-resistant structure, and the contact method is point contact. 5. The bearingless motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bearingless motor The type is selected from the group consisting of an axial flow fan motor, a centrifugal fan motor, an inner rotor motor, and an outer rotor motor. 6. The bearingless motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the magnetism of the part of the first magnetic structure facing the second magnetic structure is the same as that of the part of the second magnetic structure facing the first magnetic structure Magnetic opposite. 7. The bearingless motor according to claim 1, further comprising: at least one third magnetic structure disposed around the rotor structure, the third magnetic structure having a first magnetic center plane; At least one stator magnetic structure, the ring is set on the stator structure, the position of the stator magnetic structure is corresponding to the third magnetic structure, and the stator magnetic structure has a second magnetic center plane; Wherein the first magnetic center plane is parallel to, slightly higher or slightly lower than the second magnetic center plane in the axial direction. 8. The bearingless motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the stator structure is wrapped in the rotor structure, further comprising: the axis extends into an opening in the center of the stator structure; and A protection structure is located on the side wall of the opening and does not contact the axis. 9. The bearingless motor according to claim 8, characterized in that: the protective structure is one selected from the group consisting of plastic, elastic material, and shock-absorbing material. 10. The bearingless motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface shape of the shaft end is selected from the group consisting of planar shape, circular arc shape, pointed cone shape, concave curved surface, and convex curved surface; and The shape of the end surface of the first magnetic structure or the second magnetic structure toward the axis is selected from one of the group consisting of planar shape, circular arc shape, pointed cone shape, concave curved surface, and convex curved surface; wherein When the axis is in point contact with the first magnetic structure or the second magnetic structure, the shape of the end surface of the axis corresponds to the shape of the end surface of the first magnetic structure or the shape of the end surface of the second magnetic structure. 11. The bearingless motor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The surface shape of the shaft end is selected from the group consisting of planar shape, circular arc shape, pointed cone shape, concave curved surface, and convex curved surface; and The surface shape of the end portion of the wear-resistant structure facing the axis is one of the groups selected from the group consisting of planar shape, arc shape, pointed cone shape, concave curved surface, and convex curved surface; Wherein when the shaft center and the wear-resistant structure are in point contact with each other, the shape of the end surface of the shaft center and the shape of the end surface of the wear-resistant structure correspond to each other. 12. The bearingless motor according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of fan blades surrounding the periphery of the rotor structure, wherein the fan blades are selected from centrifugal fan blades, flat fan blades, axial flow One of the groups composed of fan blades. 13. The bearingless motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first magnetic structure and the second magnetic structure are selected from the group consisting of permanent magnets, plastic magnets, and electromagnets. 14. The bearingless motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the housing is composed of an upper housing and a lower housing, and the upper housing and the lower housing are hook structures corresponding to each other , and the joining method of the upper case and the lower case is selected from the group consisting of fitting, clamping, bonding, locking, and fixing respectively via a buffer structure. 15. The bearingless motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first magnetic structure and the second magnetic structure are joined to the housing in a manner selected from the group consisting of bonding, fitting, clamping and jointing one of the ethnic groups. 16. A bearingless motor suitable for a fan motor, characterized in that the motor comprises: A stator structure is located on the base of a housing, the stator structure has at least a stator magnetic conduction structure, the stator magnetic conduction structure is arranged around the stator structure, and the stator magnetic conduction structure has a first magnetic force center plane; A rotor structure located on the base, the rotor structure has an axis and at least one first magnetic structure, the axis extends axially protruding from the rotor structure, the first magnetic structure is ringed on the rotor structure, And the position of the first magnetic structure is corresponding to the stator magnetic structure, and the first magnetic structure has a second magnetic center plane; A plurality of fan blades surround the periphery of the rotor structure; a second magnetic structure fixed on the housing, the second magnetic structure fixes the shaft by magnetic attraction, and the second magnetic structure is in point contact with the shaft; Wherein the second magnetic center plane is slightly higher or slightly lower than the first magnetic center plane, and the second magnetic structure and the axis share an axis. 17. The bearingless motor according to claim 16, characterized in that: When the second magnetic structure is fixed on the base, the second magnetic center plane is slightly higher than the first magnetic center plane in the axial direction; and When the second magnetic structure is fixed on the top of the housing, the second magnetic center plane is slightly lower than the first magnetic center plane in the axial direction. 18. The bearingless motor according to claim 17, characterized in that: the shaft center is in contact with the second magnetic structure, and the contact method is point contact. 19. The bearingless motor according to claim 17, further comprising at least one first wear-resistant structure located between the shaft center and the second magnetic structure. 20. The bearingless motor according to claim 19, characterized in that: the shaft center is in contact with the first wear-resistant structure, and the contact method is point contact. 21. The bearingless motor according to claim 17, characterized in that: comprising at least one second wear-resistant structure, located on the housing, and corresponding to the other end of the shaft center away from the second magnetic structure , the axis and the second wear-resistant structure are in point contact with each other. 22. The bearingless motor according to claim 16, characterized in that: the type of the fan motor is selected from the group consisting of an axial fan motor, a centrifugal fan motor, and a frameless fan motor. 23. The bearingless motor according to claim 17, further comprising: the axis extending into an opening in the center of the stator structure; and A protection structure is located on the side wall of the opening and does not contact the axis. 24. The bearingless motor according to claim 23, characterized in that: the protective structure is selected from the group consisting of plastic, elastic material, and shock-absorbing material. 25. The bearingless motor according to claim 16, characterized in that: The surface shape of the shaft end is selected from the group consisting of planar shape, circular arc shape, pointed cone shape, concave curved surface and convex curved surface; The surface shape of the end portion of the second magnetic structure facing the axis is selected from one of the group consisting of planar shape, arc shape, pointed cone shape, concave curved surface, and convex curved surface; Wherein when the shaft center and the second magnetic structure are in point contact with each other, the shape of the end surface of the shaft center and the shape of the end surface of the second magnetic structure correspond to each other. 26. The bearingless motor according to claim 19 or 21, characterized in that: the surface shape of the shaft end is selected from the group consisting of planar shape, circular arc shape, pointed cone shape, concave curved surface, and convex curved surface one of; and The surface shape of one of the groups formed by the first wear-resistant structure and the second wear-resistant structure toward the axis is selected from planar, arc-shaped, tapered, concave curved surface, outer One of the groups of convex surfaces; Wherein when the shaft center is in point contact with one of the group consisting of the first wear-resistant structure and the second wear-resistant structure, The end face shapes of one of the groups formed by the mill structure correspond to each other. 27. The bearingless motor according to claim 16, characterized in that: the fan blade is selected from the group consisting of a centrifugal fan blade, a flat fan blade, and an axial flow fan blade. 28. The bearingless motor according to claim 16, characterized in that: the second magnetic structure is selected from the group consisting of permanent magnets, plastic magnets, and electromagnets. 29. The bearingless motor according to claim 16, characterized in that: the housing is composed of an upper housing and a lower housing, and the upper housing and the lower housing are combined with corresponding hooks , and the joining method of the upper case and the lower case is selected from the group consisting of fitting, clamping, bonding, locking, and fixing respectively via a buffer structure. 30. The bearingless motor according to claim 16, characterized in that: the second magnetic structure is combined with the housing in one of the group consisting of adhesion, fitting, clamping and jointing. 31. The bearingless motor according to claim 16, characterized in that: the joint point of the shaft center and the second magnetic structure is higher, lower or parallel to the second magnetic force center plane or the first magnetic force center plane. 32. The bearingless motor according to claim 16, further comprising: a third magnetic structure located at the top of a stator fixing seat of the stator structure; and a fourth magnetic structure located at the shell of the rotor structure body; Wherein the third magnetic structure and the fourth magnetic structure attract each other and do not touch each other. 33. The bearingless motor according to claim 32, characterized in that: The type of the third magnetic structure is selected from the group consisting of circular, fan-shaped, block-shaped, and strip-shaped, and the way the third magnetic structure is combined with the stator fixing seat is selected from the group consisting of bonding, fitting One of the group consisting of , card solid and joint; and The type and position of the fourth magnetic self-structure are corresponding to the third magnetic structure, and the joint method of the fourth magnetic structure and the housing is selected from the group consisting of adhesion, fitting, clamping and jointing. one.