CN1764473A - 矾与Th1免疫应答诱导佐剂用于增强免疫应答的用途 - Google Patents
矾与Th1免疫应答诱导佐剂用于增强免疫应答的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1764473A CN1764473A CNA2004800079681A CN200480007968A CN1764473A CN 1764473 A CN1764473 A CN 1764473A CN A2004800079681 A CNA2004800079681 A CN A2004800079681A CN 200480007968 A CN200480007968 A CN 200480007968A CN 1764473 A CN1764473 A CN 1764473A
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Abstract
本发明涉及矾用于制备药物的用途,所述药物用于在1型诱导佐剂存在下增强针对抗原的抗原特异性1型免疫应答。
Description
本发明涉及矾(Alum)用于增强免疫应答的用途。
针对入侵病原体的宿主保护包括细胞和体液效应子并且由非适应性(先天)和适应性(后天)免疫的协调作用产生。后者基于受体介导的特异性免疫识别,是免疫系统新近的获得,且只存在于脊椎动物之中。在适应性免疫发展之前就进化的前者,由分布在整个生物体中任务是控制潜在病原体的各种各样的细胞和分子组成。
B和T淋巴细胞是获得性抗原特异性适应性免疫的介导物,包括免疫记忆的发展,它是产生成功疫苗的主要目标。抗原递呈细胞(APC)是高度特化的细胞,它们能够处理抗原并且在细胞表面呈现它们的经过处理的片段以及淋巴细胞激活必需的分子。这意味着APC对于特异性免疫应答的启动非常重要。对于T淋巴细胞的激活主要的APC是树突细胞(DC)、巨噬细胞和B细胞,而对于B细胞主要的APC是滤泡树突细胞。通常,就刺激静止幼稚和记忆B和T淋巴细胞的免疫应答之启动而言,DC是最强的APC。
外周APC(例如DC或朗格汉氏细胞)天然的任务是捕获和处理抗原,因此一旦被激活它们就开始表达淋巴细胞共刺激分子,迁移到淋巴器官,分泌细胞因子并将抗原递呈到不同的淋巴细胞群,启动抗原特异性免疫应答。它们不仅激活淋巴细胞,在某些环境下,它们也使T细胞对抗原耐受。
T淋巴细胞对抗原的识别是主要组织相容性复合物(MHC)限制的。只有在肽结合于特别的MHC分子时特定的T淋巴细胞才识别抗原。通常,T淋巴细胞只在自身MHC分子存在下而被刺激,抗原只在肽结合于自身MHC分子时而被识别。就被识别的抗原而言以及就结合其肽片段的MHC分子而言,MHC限制定义了T淋巴细胞的特异性。
就识别和适当的应答而言,细胞内和细胞外抗原向免疫系统提出了非常不同的挑战。将抗原递呈到T细胞由两个截然不同种类的分子I类MHC(MHC-I)和II类MHC(MHC-II)介导,它们利用截然不同的抗原处理途径。主要是一个能够区别已经进化的两个主要抗原处理途径。来源自细胞内抗原的肽由I类MHC分子递呈到CD8+T细胞,它们实际上在所有的细胞上表达,而细胞外抗原来源的肽由II类MHC分子递呈到CD4+T细胞。然而,这个两分法有某些例外。一些研究显示由内吞微粒或可溶性蛋白质产生的肽被递呈在巨噬细胞以及树突细胞的MHC-I分子上。所以,位于外周、高效捕获和处理细胞外抗原并在MHC-I分子上将它们递呈到T淋巴细胞的APC(象树突细胞)是体外和体内用抗原细胞外脉冲处理(pulsing)它们的引人注目的靶点。
APC重要并独特的作用(包括对不同类型白细胞的刺激活性)反映了它们作为开发成功疫苗适当策略的靶点的中心位置。理论上,可以如此进行的一个路线是增强或刺激它们天然的任务,抗原的摄取。一旦用疫苗所指向的适当抗原脉冲处理(pulse),APC应当开始处理摄取的抗原,因此一旦被激活,APC就表达淋巴细胞共刺激分子,迁移至淋巴器官,分泌细胞因子并将抗原递呈到不同的淋巴细胞群因此启动免疫应答。激活的T细胞通常以高度调节的方式分泌许多效应细胞因子,例如白细胞介素2(IL-2)、IL-4、IL-5、IL-10和干扰素-γ(IFN-g)。普遍地用ELISpot试验(酶联免疫斑点试验)监测细胞毒T淋巴细胞对特异性抗原(例如肿瘤抗原,通常在疫苗中给予的抗原)应答的功能检测,所述ELISpot试验是在单个细胞水平分析细胞因子的产生的技术。本发明中对于促进细胞因子IFN-γ的细胞免疫(1型免疫应答),使用ELISpot试验监测成功的抗原特异性T细胞激活。此外,测定细胞因子IL-4,作为通常参与促进强体液应答的2型应答的指示剂。另外,体液免疫应答用ELISA测定(IgG1作为2型应答的指示剂,IgG2作为1型应答的指示剂)。
先前显示聚阳离子有效地增强肿瘤细胞对I类MHC匹配的肽的摄取,被称为“转装载(TRANSloading)”肽或蛋白质脉冲处理过程。此外,已经显示聚阳离子在体内以及体外能够将肽或蛋白质“转装载(TRANSIoad)”到抗原递呈细胞内。另外,在小鼠模型中,聚-L-精氨酸或聚-L-赖氨酸和适当肽的混合物作为疫苗的共注射保护动物避免肿瘤的生长。这个化学定义的疫苗能够诱导许许多多的抗原/肽特异性T细胞。诱导至少部分可归于聚阳离子介导的APC对肽增加的摄取表明,APC在体内用抗原脉冲处理,能够诱导T细胞介导的对给予抗原的免疫。
与特征在于应答高特异性但是相对缓慢的适应性免疫相反,先天免疫是基于微生物组分与宿主在结构上的差异所触发的效应子机制。这些机制能发动(mount)相当快的初始应答,它们主要导致有害物的中和。先天免疫的反应是较低等门的生物唯一的防御策略并且在脊椎动物已经保留为适应性免疫系统动员前的第一线宿主防御。
在较高等的脊椎动物中,先天免疫的效应细胞是嗜中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞、天然杀伤细胞以及还可能是树突细胞,而这个途径中体液组分是补体级联和各种不同的结合蛋白。
先天免疫快速且有效的组成是长度通常在大约十二至大约一百个之间的氨基酸残基之多种多样的杀微生物(microbicidal)肽的产生。几百个不同的抗菌肽由范围从海绵、昆虫到动物和人的多种生物体中分离,这指出了这些分子的广泛分布。抗菌肽也可作为抵抗竞争生物的拮抗物质而由细菌产生。
CD4+细胞的两个主要亚型(T辅助1(Th1)和T辅助2(Th2))基于它们分泌的不同细胞因子谱和它们不同的效应子功能,在小鼠和人中已经鉴别出来。Th1细胞主要参与所谓1型免疫应答的产生,它一般特征在于迟发型超敏反应的诱导、细胞介导的免疫、免疫球蛋白种类转变为IgG2a/IgG2b和尤其是干扰素-γ的分泌。相反,Th2细胞参与所谓2型免疫应答的产生,它特征在于激活B细胞诱导体液免疫,导致包括种类转变为IgG1和IgE的抗体的产生。2型应答特征也在于如下细胞因子的分泌:IL-4、IL-5、IL-6和IL-10。
在多数情形下,诱导的应答类型(1型或2型)对疫苗的保护效能有显著的影响。替代的佐剂趋向于促成特异类型的应答。然而,佐剂的选择因为功能的不可预测性以及商业约束和可用性而复杂化。
铝盐(例如氢氧化铝(矾)(Rmpp,第10版,第139/140页),磷酸铝)作为免疫佐剂目前在几乎所有可用的人类疫苗中使用[1]。但是,铝盐显示在人类和动物中唯一性的增加向2型应答的移动(细胞:IL-4产生,体液:IgG1,IgE)[2]。铝盐对于引发1型细胞介导的免疫应答(细胞:IFN-γ产生,体液:IgG2)的无能是其作为佐剂使用的主要限制。特别是对于针对细胞内病毒和细菌感染的疫苗,缺乏细胞毒性T细胞应答是致命的。
因此,提供改进疫苗的需要是存在的,所述疫苗显示了针对1型的免疫应答或除了2型应答也允许显著1型免疫应答。此外,已经可以利用的疫苗应当提供为允许诱导1型应答的改进的形式。
因此,本发明提供了一种新型药物组合物,包含
—抗原,
—1型诱导佐剂,和
—矾,
前提是1型诱导佐剂不是含有CpG基序的寡聚脱氧核苷酸(一种未甲基化的CpG基序)。
由本发明业已出人意料的显示矾可增强疫苗中给定1型诱导佐剂的1型效力(同时对2型效力一般不影响)。这不能从现有技术中预见,因为矾被认为唯一性的指向2型。实际上,就1型应答而言,如果存在矾,明显增加给定抗原(单独应用和与矾一起应用)的免疫反应(籍此2型活性被保留)。因此,现有技术没有预见矾对1型应答的任何(即使是轻微的)阳性甚至中和作用。
本发明基于矾能有效增强由疫苗诱导的1型应答的事实,如果1型诱导佐剂业已存在于疫苗中的话。如果这种1型诱导佐剂不存在,不会发生1型应答的增强。
矾,如此处所述,包括所有形式的用于人和动物医药及研究中的基于Al3+的佐剂。特别的,其包括所有形式的氢氧化铝(如Rmpp,第10版,第139/140页定义),其凝胶形式,磷酸铝等。
通过本发明,提供了细胞性1型应答的明显改进(IFN-γ),而不降低IgG应答。
待用于本发明的抗原并不关键,但是如果特别需要明显的(或唯一的)1型应答,优选T细胞表位(见上面的引言)作为抗原。所述抗原优选地是病毒、寄生虫或细菌抗原。在实施例部分,本发明业已在原理上用肝炎病毒抗原证明,也就是用根据本发明优选的抗原乙型肝炎表面抗原证明。
当然,依赖于期望的免疫应答,药物制剂也可包含两个或多个抗原。可以对抗原进行修饰以进一步地增强免疫应答。
优选的,源自病毒或细菌病原体、源自真菌或寄生虫的蛋白质或肽,以及肿瘤抗原(癌症疫苗)或在自身免疫疾病中有推定作用的抗原可以用作抗原(包括衍生化的抗原,象糖基化的、脂质化的、糖脂化的或羟基化的抗原)。此外,碳水化合物、脂质或糖脂本身可用作抗原。衍生化过程可包括源自病原体的特定蛋白质或肽的纯化、病原体的失活以及这样的蛋白质或肽的水解或化学衍生作用或稳定化。或者,病原体本身也可用作抗原。抗原优选地是肽或蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂质、糖脂或它们的混合物。
根据优选的实施方案,T细胞表位被用作抗原。或者,T细胞表位和B细胞表位的联合也是优选的。
当然根据本发明也可能使用不同抗原的混合物。优选地,分离自病毒或细菌病原体或真菌或寄生虫(或它们的重组对应物)的蛋白质或肽被用作这样的抗原(包括衍生化抗原或糖基化或脂质化抗原或多糖或脂质)。抗原的另一个优选来源是肿瘤抗原。优选的病原体选自人类免疫缺陷性病毒(HIV)、甲型和乙型肝炎病毒、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)、人类乳突状病毒(HPV)、劳氏肉瘤病毒(RSV)、EB病毒(EBV)、流感病毒、轮状病毒、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎衣原体、沙眼衣原体、结核杆菌、肺炎链球菌、炭疽杆菌、霍乱弧菌、疟疾原虫(恶性疟原虫、间日疟原虫,等等)、曲霉属(Aspergillus sp.)或白色念珠菌抗原抗原也可为由癌症细胞(肿癌抗原)表达的分子。衍生方法可包括来自病原体/癌症细胞的特定蛋白质纯化,病原体灭活以及这样的蛋白质的水解或化学衍生或稳定化。以相同的方式也可将肿瘤抗原(癌症疫苗)或自身免疫抗原用于本发明的药物组合物。用这样的药物组合物可实施肿瘤免疫接种或自身免疫病治疗。
在肽抗原的情况下,肽模型表位(mimotope)/激动剂/高级激动剂/拮抗剂,或者在某些位置改变但不影响免疫特性的肽或者非肽模型表位/激动剂/高级激动剂/拮抗剂的用途包括在本发明中。肽抗原也可以在肽抗原羧基或氨基末端含有延长,以促进与聚阳离子化合物或免疫刺激性化合物的相互作用。对于自身免疫病治疗,可应用肽拮抗剂。
也可对抗原进行衍生化,以包括增强抗原递呈和将抗原靶向抗原呈递细胞的分子。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,药物组合物用于赋予对参与自身免疫病的蛋白质或蛋白质片段及肽的耐受。用于该实施方案的抗原用来耐受针对参与自身免疫过程的表位之免疫系统或下调免疫应答。
优选的,抗原是由5-60,优选6-30,特别是8-11个氨基酸残基组成的肽(例如,天然分离的,重组的或化学产生的病原体衍生蛋白质的片段,特别是带有免疫原性表位)。如此长度的抗原业已证明特别适于T细胞活化。抗原可进一步与尾(例如,根据WO01/78767,US5,726,292或WO98/01558)偶联。
待与矾一起使用的1型诱导佐剂(免疫物,(Immunizer))的结构特性已显示与本发明的相关性较低;协同作用在当与矾一起使用时也几乎仅与佐剂(免疫物)或佐剂(免疫物)混合物的功能性1型诱导能力相关。优选的,1型诱导佐剂(免疫物)选自聚阳离子聚合物、脂质颗粒乳剂、特别是MF59、鲨烯和Pluronid聚合物的稳定制剂和胞壁酰二肽的苏氨酰类似物(syntex佐剂制剂(SAF))、单磷酰脂质A(MPL)、皂苷、尤其是QS21、免疫刺激性寡聚脱氧核苷酸(ODN),前提是免疫刺激性寡聚脱氧核苷酸不是含有CpG基序的寡聚脱氧核苷酸,及其组合。
先前显示(WO 02/13857)天然发生的cathelicidin衍生的抗微生物肽或其衍生物具有免疫反应刺激活性,所以构成了高效1型诱导佐剂(免疫物)。抗微生物肽的主要来源是嗜中性粒细胞和呼吸、胃肠道和生殖道衬里上皮细胞的颗粒。通常它们发现于最常暴露于微生物侵犯的解剖学位点,分泌到内部体液或贮存在专门噬菌细胞(嗜中性粒细胞)的细胞质颗粒内。
在WO 02/32451中,公开了能够强烈增加对特异性共施用抗原的免疫反应并因此构成了高效佐剂的1型诱导佐剂(免疫物)。根据WO02/32451的佐剂(免疫物)是含有序列R1-XZXZNXZX-R2的肽,其中N是3至7之间的整数,优选地是5,X是带正电荷的天然和/或非天然的氨基酸残基,Z是选自L、V、I、F和/或w的氨基酸残基,R1和R2相互独立地选自-H、-NH2、-COCH3、-COH,一共有20个氨基酸残基的肽或者肽反应基团或者有或无肽的肽连接物;X-R2也可以是所述肽羧基末端氨基酸残基的酰胺、酯或硫酯。一个特别优选的肽是KLKLLLLLKLK。
除了天然存在的抗微生物肽外,已经生产和研究了合成抗微生物肽。在金黄色葡萄球菌感染的小鼠中显示合成抗微生物肽KLKLLLLLKLK-NH2具有显著的化学治疗活性;人嗜中性粒细胞被激活经由细胞表面钙网蛋白(calreticulin)产生超氧阴离子(O2 -)。发现K和L的确切数目和位置对于合成肽的抗微生物活性是关键的(Nakajima,Y.(1997);Cho,J-H.(1999))。
根据本发明待用作1型刺激物的聚阳离子聚合物或化合物可以是根据WO 97/30721任何显示特征性作用的聚阳离子化合物(其当然不是免疫接种寻找的抗原)。优选的聚阳离子化合物选自碱性多肽、有机聚阳离子、碱性聚氨基酸或它们的混合物。这些聚氨基酸应当具有至少4个氨基酸残基的链长度。尤其优选地是含有肽键的物质,象聚赖氨酸、聚精氨酸以及在多于8个,尤其是多于20个氨基酸残基的范围之内含有多于20%,尤其是多于50%碱性氨基酸的多肽或者它们的混合物。其它优选的聚阳离子和它们的药物组合物在WO 97/30721(例如,聚乙烯亚胺)和WO 99/38528中有描述。优选地这些多肽含有20至500个之间的氨基酸残基,尤其是30至200个之间的残基。
这些聚阳离子化合物可化学或重组产生或者可从天然来源衍生。
阳离子(多聚)肽也可是聚阳离子抗细菌微生物肽。这些(多聚)肽可以是原核或真核来源的或者化学或重组产生的。肽还可以属于天然发生的抗微生物肽类。这样的宿主防御肽或防御物也是优选形式的根据本发明的聚阳离子聚合物。通常,允许适应性免疫系统的终末产物激活(或下调),优选地由APC介导的(包括树突细胞)的化合物被用作聚阳离子聚合体。
此外,神经活性化合物,例如(人)生长激素(如例如WO01/24822中描述的)也可用作免疫刺激剂(免疫物)。
天然来源衍生的聚阳离子化合物包括HIV-REV或HIV-TAT(衍生的阳离子肽、触角足(antennapedia)肽、壳聚糖(chitosan)或者甲壳素(chitin)的其它衍生物)或者通过生化或重组生产的从这些肽或蛋白质衍生的其它肽。其它优选的聚阳离子化合物是cathelin或来自cathelicidin的相关或衍生物质,尤其是小鼠、牛或尤其是人cathelicidin和/或cathelicidin。相关或衍生的cathelicidin物质含有全部或部分带有至少15-20个氨基酸残基的cathelicidin序列。衍生化包括天然氨基酸被不属于20个标准氨基酸中的氨基酸替代或修饰。另外,可将更多的阳离子残基引入这样的cathelicidin分子。这些cathelicidin分子优选与根据本发明的抗原/疫苗组合物联合。然而,令人惊讶地这些cathelin分子作为抗原的佐剂也是有效的,而无需加入更多的佐剂。所以,这样的cathelicidin分子可用作有或没有更多免疫刺激物质的疫苗制剂中的有效佐剂。
根据本发明一个明显优选的实施方案,药物组合物含有免疫刺激ODN,所述免疫刺激ODN选自含有(一个或多个)脱氧肌苷和/或脱氧尿苷残基的脱氧核苷酸;含有至少一种2’脱氧胞嘧啶-单磷酸或单硫代磷酸3’邻近2’脱氧肌苷-单磷酸或-单硫代磷酸的脱氧核苷酸,特别是脱氧肌苷-脱氧胞嘧啶26mer;和基于肌苷和胞苷的ODN。
根据本发明的药物组合物也可含有一种以上的1型诱导佐剂(免疫物),即1型诱导佐剂(免疫物)组合物。在所述1型诱导佐剂(免疫物)组合物中,优选额外提供(一种或多种)选自如下的聚阳离子聚合物:含有由3-7个疏水性氨基酸的连接物分隔的至少2个KLK基序之合成肽,优选为带有序列KLKLLLLLKLK的肽;聚阳离子肽,特别是聚精氨酸、聚赖氨酸和抗微生物肽,特别是cathelicidin衍生的抗微生物肽。如前述,特别优选将所述肽免疫物与上述特别优选的寡聚脱氧核苷酸(I或U-ODN)组合。所述I和U-ODN特征在于一种免疫刺激性寡聚脱氧核苷酸分子(ODN),具有根据分子式(I)的结构
其中
R1选自次黄嘌呤和尿嘧啶,
任何X是O或S,
任何NMP是2’脱氧核苷一磷酸或一硫代磷酸,选自脱氧腺苷-、脱氧鸟苷-、脱氧肌苷-、脱氧胞嘧啶-、脱氧尿苷-、脱氧胸苷-、2-甲基-脱氧肌苷-、5-甲基-脱氧胞嘧啶-、脱氧假尿苷-、脱氧核糖嘌呤-、2-氨基-脱氧核糖嘌呤-、6-S-脱氧鸟嘌呤-、2-二甲基-脱氧鸟苷-或者N-异戊烯基-脱氧腺苷-一磷酸或-一硫代磷酸,
NUC是2’脱氧核苷,选自脱氧腺苷-、脱氧鸟苷-、脱氧肌苷-、脱氧胞嘧啶-、脱氧肌苷-、脱氧胸苷-、2-甲基-脱氧尿苷-、5-甲基-脱氧胞嘧啶-、脱氧假尿苷-、脱氧核糖嘌呤-、2-氨基-脱氧核糖嘌呤-、6-S-脱氧鸟嘌呤-、2-二-甲基-脱氧鸟苷-或者N-异戊烯基-脱氧腺苷,
a和b是从0至100的整数,附带条件是a+b在4至150之间,
B和E是核酸分子5’或3’末端的共有基团。
根据本发明的又一方面,还涉及矾用于制备药物的用途,所述药物用于在1型诱导佐剂(免疫物)存在下增强针对抗原的抗原特异性1型免疫应答。
更具体的,根据本发明,矾用于制备带有增强的1型诱导活性的疫苗。
本发明也涉及1型诱导佐剂(免疫物)与矾作为1型诱导佐剂(免疫物)的组合的用途。因此,本发明提供了一种改进的1型诱导佐剂(1型佐剂组合物)。
根据本发明,提供了1型诱导佐剂(免疫物)组合物,其含有1型诱导佐剂(免疫物)和矾,前提是1型诱导佐剂不是含有CpG基序的寡聚脱氧核苷酸(一种未甲基化的带有CpG基序的ODN)。
基于阳离子聚氨基酸和合成ODN的组合之佐剂(免疫物)特别优选地用于与根据本发明的矾一起作为疫苗佐剂以诱导强抗原特异性1型免疫应答。
根据本发明,任一含有矾作为佐剂的给定疫苗可有效的通过加入根据本发明的所选的1型诱导佐剂(免疫物)组合物而改善,特别是通过加入I和/或U-ODN,任选的与聚阳离子肽化合物(肽(1型)佐剂(免疫物))混合。
抗原可与根据本发明的佐剂(免疫物)混合或者特别配制,例如脂质体,阻滞制剂等。
如果例如皮下地、静脉内、鼻内、口服、肌肉内、皮内或透皮地给予联合药剂,本发明尤其有益。然而,其它的应用形式,例如非肠道、静脉或局部应用,也适合本发明。
本发明将通过下面的实施例和图例更加详细地描述,但是本发明当然并不局限于这些。
图1显示单独注射HBsAg或与矾和其他佐剂(免疫物)一起注射后HBsAg特异性细胞1型应答的诱导(HBsAg特异性IFN-γ产生)。
图2显示单独注射HBsAg或与矾和其他佐剂(免疫物)一起注射后HBsAg特异性细胞2型应答的诱导(HBsAg特异性IL-4产生)。
图3显示单独注射HBsAg或与矾和其他佐剂(免疫物)一起注射后HBsAg特异性体液1型应答的诱导(HBsAg特异性IgG2b滴度)。
图4显示单独注射HBsAg或与矾和其他佐剂(免疫物)一起注射后HBsAg特异性体液2型应答的诱导(HBsAg特异性IgG1产生)。
实施例:
在此,提供实施例,其显示与单独注射HBsAg/免疫物相比,一旦共注射乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)、多种1型诱导佐剂(免疫物)和矾,由1型诱导佐剂(免疫物)诱导的1型应答至少在加强免疫后强烈增加。但是,矾诱导的2型应答不受影响。
材料和方法
小鼠 C57BL/6(Harlan-Winkelmann,德国);对
HBsAg特异性免疫应答低应答的小鼠
5只小鼠/组/时间点
抗原 乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)
剂量:5μg/小鼠
聚-L-精氨酸 平均43个精氨酸残基多聚程度的聚-L-精氨
酸;Sigma chemicals
剂量:100μg/小鼠
KLK KLKLLLLLKLK-COOH由MPS(Multiple
Peptide System,USA)合成
剂量:168μg/小鼠
I-ODN 2 含有脱氧肌苷的硫代磷酸替代的ODN:5′tcc
atg aci ttc ctg atg ct3′由Purimex Nucleic
Acids Technology,Gttingen合成
剂量:5nmol/小鼠
I-ODN 2b 含有脱氧肌苷的ODN:5′tcc atg aci ttc ctg atg
ct3′由Purimex Nucleic Acids Technology,
Gttingen合成
剂量:5nmol/小鼠
o-d(IC)13 ODN 5′ICI CIC ICI CIC ICI CIC ICI CIC
IC3′由Purimex Nucleic Acids Technology,
Gttingen合成
剂量:5nmol/小鼠
实验A
1.HBsAg
2.HBsAg+矾
3.HBsAg+I-ODN 2
4.HBsAg+I-ODN 2b
5.HBsAg+o-d(IC)13
6.HBsAg+pR
7.HBsAg+KLK
8.HBsAg+pR+I-ODN 2
9.HBsAg+pR+I-ODN 2b
10.HBsAg+pR+o-d(IC)13
11.HBsAg+KLK+I-ODN 2
12.HBsAg+KLK+I-ODN 2b
13.HBsAg+KLK+o-d(IC)13
实验B
1.HBsAg/矾
2.HBsAg/矾+I-ODN 2
3.HBsAg/矾+I-ODN 2b
4.HBsAg/矾+o-d(IC)13
5.HBsAg/矾+pR
6.HBsAg/矾+KLK
7.HBsAg/矾+pR+I-ODN 2
8.HBsAg/矾+pR+I-ODN 2b
9.HBsAg/矾+pR+o-d(IC)13
10.HBsAg/矾+KLK+I-ODN 2
11.HBsAg/矾+KLK+I-ODN 2b
12.HBsAg/矾+KLK+o-d(IC)13
在第0天和第56天,小鼠右侧皮下注射含有上面列出的化合物总体积100μl/小鼠。分别在第一和二次注射后第7天、第21天和第50天,进行免疫应答的分析。每组每个时间点五只小鼠的脾细胞用10μg/ml HBsAg离体(ex vivo)再刺激,为了分析HBsAg特异性IFN-γ(1型免疫应答)以及IL-4(2型免疫应答)的产生进行ELIspot试验。此外,在所示时间点取血,测定HBsAg特异性IgG2b(1型体液应答)以及IgG1(2型体液应答)。
结论:
与抗原和免疫物注射相比,免疫物与矾共注射诱导增强的细胞1型免疫应答(IFN-γ),而矾诱导的2型应答(IL-4)不受影响。所述观察使得免疫物在两个方面非常有吸引力。一方面,现有矾基疫苗可通过1型诱导免疫物改善,例如,为诱导细胞介导的1型应答,目前在如针对病毒感染的治疗性疫苗的特定应用中缺乏所述应答。另一方面,使用免疫物/矾组合作为疫苗佐剂时,可总体上诱导更强烈的1型应答。
文献:
1)Shirodkar,S.等人,1990,在疫苗中用作佐剂的铝化合物,PharmRes,7:1282-1288;
2)Gupta,P K和Siber,G R;1995,用于人类疫苗的佐剂-目前的状况、问题和展望,Vaccine 13(14)1263-1276。
Claims (15)
1.药物组合物,包含
—抗原,
—1型诱导佐剂,和
—矾,
前提是1型诱导佐剂不是含有CpG基序的寡聚脱氧核苷酸。
2.根据权利要求1的药物组合物,特征在于抗原是病毒、寄生虫或细菌抗原。
3.根据权利要求2的药物组合物,特征在于病毒抗原是肝炎病毒抗原、尤其是甲型肝炎、乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎、丁型肝炎、HIV-、HPV-或流感抗原。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任何一项的药物组合物,特征在于1型诱导佐剂选自聚阳离子聚合物、脂质颗粒乳剂、特别是MF59、鲨烯和Pluronid聚合物的稳定制剂和MDP的苏氨酰类似物(syntex佐剂制剂(SAF))、单磷酰脂质A(MPL)、皂苷、尤其是QS21、免疫刺激性寡聚脱氧核苷酸(ODN),前提是免疫刺激性寡聚脱氧核苷酸不是含有CpG基序的寡聚脱氧核苷酸,及其组合。
5.根据权利要求4的药物组合物,特征在于所述免疫刺激性ODN选自含有脱氧肌苷和/或脱氧尿苷残基的脱氧核苷酸;含有至少一种2’脱氧胞嘧啶-单磷酸或-单硫代磷酸3’邻近2’脱氧肌苷-单磷酸或-单硫代磷酸的脱氧核苷酸,特别是脱氧肌苷-脱氧胞嘧啶26mer;和基于肌苷和胞苷的ODN。
6.根据权利要求4的药物组合物,特征在于所述聚阳离子聚合物选自含有由3-7个疏水性氨基酸的连接物分隔的至少2个KLK基序之合成肽,优选为带有序列KLKLLLLLKLK的肽;聚阳离子肽,特别是聚精氨酸、聚赖氨酸和抗微生物肽,特别是cathelicidin衍生的抗微生物肽。
7.矾用于制备药物的用途,所述药物用于在1型诱导佐剂存在下增强针对抗原的抗原特异性1型免疫应答。
8.根据权利要求7的用途,特征在于所述抗原是病毒、寄生虫或细菌抗原。
9.根据权利要求8的用途,特征在于病毒抗原是肝炎病毒抗原、尤其是甲型肝炎、乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎、丁型肝炎、HIV-、HPV-或流感抗原。
10.根据权利要求7的用途,特征在于Th1佐剂选自聚阳离子聚合物、脂质颗粒乳剂、特别是MF59、鲨烯和Pluronid聚合物的稳定制剂和MDP的苏氨酰类似物(syntex佐剂制剂(SAF))、单磷酰脂质A(MPL)、皂苷、尤其是QS21、免疫刺激性寡聚脱氧核苷酸(ODN),及其组合。
11.根据权利要求10的用途,特征在于所述免疫刺激性寡聚脱氧核苷酸(ODN)选自含有脱氧肌苷和/或脱氧尿苷残基的脱氧核苷酸;含有至少一种2’脱氧胞嘧啶-单磷酸或-单硫代磷酸3’邻近2’脱氧肌苷-单磷酸或-单硫代磷酸的脱氧核苷酸,特别是脱氧肌苷-脱氧胞嘧啶26mer;和基于肌苷和胞苷的ODN。
12.根据权利要求10的用途,特征在于所述聚阳离子聚合物选自含有由3-7个疏水性氨基酸的连接物分隔的至少2个KLK基序之合成肽,优选为带有序列KLKLLLLLKLK的肽;聚阳离子肽,特别是聚精氨酸、聚赖氨酸和抗微生物肽,特别是cathelicidin衍生的抗微生物肽。
13.矾用于制备具有增强的Th1活性之疫苗的用途。
14.Th1佐剂与矾的组合作为Th1佐剂的用途。
15.一种1型诱导佐剂组合物,其含有1型诱导佐剂和矾,前提是1型诱导佐剂不是含有CpG基序的寡聚脱氧核苷酸。
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CN2007101850412A Expired - Lifetime CN101214375B (zh) | 2003-03-24 | 2004-03-22 | 改进的疫苗 |
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US6207646B1 (en) * | 1994-07-15 | 2001-03-27 | University Of Iowa Research Foundation | Immunostimulatory nucleic acid molecules |
US6406705B1 (en) * | 1997-03-10 | 2002-06-18 | University Of Iowa Research Foundation | Use of nucleic acids containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotide as an adjuvant |
AT410635B (de) * | 2000-10-18 | 2003-06-25 | Cistem Biotechnologies Gmbh | Vakzin-zusammensetzung |
JP2005519035A (ja) * | 2001-12-07 | 2005-06-30 | インターツェル・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 免疫促進性オリゴデオキシヌクレオチド |
WO2004087203A2 (en) * | 2003-04-02 | 2004-10-14 | Coley Pharmaceutical Group, Ltd. | Immunostimulatory nucleic acid oil-in-water formulations for topical application |
US11707520B2 (en) | 2005-11-03 | 2023-07-25 | Seqirus UK Limited | Adjuvanted vaccines with non-virion antigens prepared from influenza viruses grown in cell culture |
NZ568212A (en) * | 2005-11-04 | 2012-03-30 | Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostic | Changing Th1/Th2 balance in split influenza vaccines with adjuvants |
PT1951299E (pt) | 2005-11-04 | 2012-02-28 | Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostic | Vacinas contra a gripe que incluem combinações de adjuvantes particulados e imuno-potenciadores |
EP2368572B1 (en) | 2005-11-04 | 2020-03-04 | Seqirus UK Limited | Adjuvanted vaccines with non-virion antigens prepared from influenza viruses grown in cell culture |
EP3173097A3 (en) | 2009-02-10 | 2017-07-12 | Seqirus UK Limited | Influenza vaccines with reduced amounts of squalene |
JP2013503148A (ja) * | 2009-08-27 | 2013-01-31 | ノバルティス アーゲー | アルミニウム、オリゴヌクレオチドおよびポリカチオンを含むアジュバント |
US8765148B2 (en) | 2010-02-19 | 2014-07-01 | Valneva Austria Gmbh | 1C31 nanoparticles |
JP2013522287A (ja) * | 2010-03-18 | 2013-06-13 | ノバルティス アーゲー | 血清群b髄膜炎菌のためのアジュバント添加ワクチン |
AU2014235556A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2015-07-30 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Influenza nucleic acid molecules and vaccines made therefrom |
EP3566717A1 (en) | 2018-05-09 | 2019-11-13 | Universität Regensburg | Bactericidal/permeability increasing protein for use in a method of immunization, preferably as an adjuvant in a method of vaccination |
CN111420047B (zh) * | 2020-05-28 | 2022-04-29 | 苏州大学 | 天然抗菌肽qha在制备免疫佐剂中的应用 |
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US5683864A (en) * | 1987-11-18 | 1997-11-04 | Chiron Corporation | Combinations of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antigens for use in immunoassays for anti-HCV antibodies |
UA40572C2 (uk) * | 1991-06-24 | 2001-08-15 | Чірон Корпорейшн | Поліпептид, що містить укорочену послідовність вірусу гепатиту с, ізольований епітоп, реагент для імуноаналізу на вірус гепатиту с (варіанти), спосіб виявлення наявності антитіл (варіанти) |
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WO1995026204A1 (en) * | 1994-03-25 | 1995-10-05 | Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Immune stimulation by phosphorothioate oligonucleotide analogs |
GB9620795D0 (en) * | 1996-10-05 | 1996-11-20 | Smithkline Beecham Plc | Vaccines |
US20010053365A1 (en) * | 1995-04-25 | 2001-12-20 | Smithkline Beecham Biologicals S.A. | Vaccines |
US6413517B1 (en) * | 1997-01-23 | 2002-07-02 | Epimmune, Inc. | Identification of broadly reactive DR restricted epitopes |
US6787523B1 (en) * | 1997-12-02 | 2004-09-07 | Neuralab Limited | Prevention and treatment of amyloidogenic disease |
GB9727262D0 (en) * | 1997-12-24 | 1998-02-25 | Smithkline Beecham Biolog | Vaccine |
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GB9921146D0 (en) * | 1999-09-07 | 1999-11-10 | Smithkline Beecham Biolog | Novel composition |
OA12168A (en) * | 2000-01-31 | 2006-05-08 | Smithkline Beecham Biolog | Vaccine for the prophylactic or therapeutic immunization against HIV. |
AT410173B (de) * | 2000-06-08 | 2003-02-25 | Cistem Biotechnologies Gmbh | Antigene zusammensetzung |
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EP1347776A2 (en) * | 2001-01-05 | 2003-10-01 | Intercell Biomedizinische Forschungs- und Entwicklungs AG | Anti-inflammatory use of polycationic compounds |
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- 2004-03-22 EP EP04722293A patent/EP1608401A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-03-22 US US10/550,820 patent/US20070041998A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-03-22 CA CA002519922A patent/CA2519922A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-03-22 CN CN2007101850412A patent/CN101214375B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2004-03-22 ES ES04722281T patent/ES2351489T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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CN1771054A (zh) | 2006-05-10 |
CN100355453C (zh) | 2007-12-19 |
EP1608401A1 (en) | 2005-12-28 |
CN101214375B (zh) | 2011-04-06 |
ES2351489T3 (es) | 2011-02-07 |
CA2519922A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
WO2004084937A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
US20070041998A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
AU2004224747A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
CN101214375A (zh) | 2008-07-09 |
JP2006521321A (ja) | 2006-09-21 |
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