CN1712399A - 紫杉醇和免疫增强剂胞壁酰二肽共轭物的制备及用途 - Google Patents
紫杉醇和免疫增强剂胞壁酰二肽共轭物的制备及用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1712399A CN1712399A CNA200510081265XA CN200510081265A CN1712399A CN 1712399 A CN1712399 A CN 1712399A CN A200510081265X A CNA200510081265X A CN A200510081265XA CN 200510081265 A CN200510081265 A CN 200510081265A CN 1712399 A CN1712399 A CN 1712399A
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- paclitaxel
- muramyl dipeptide
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Abstract
本发明涉及一类紫杉醇与胞壁酰二肽(胞壁酰丙胺酰异谷胺酰胺)的共轭物及其制备方法。本发明针对目前紫杉醇药物水溶性差造成制剂困难、临床上使用剂量限制性毒性、多药耐药性以及骨髓抑制等缺点,首次提出强效免疫增强剂胞壁酰二肽衍生物与化疗药物紫杉醇共轭,可兼有多功能免疫增强和化学治疗的新思路,同时这类前药也会改善紫杉醇的水溶性。本发明应用固相化学和液相化学结合的方法实现了紫杉醇和胞壁酰二肽的共轭。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一类抗癌前药紫杉醇与胞壁酰二肽(胞壁酰丙胺酰异谷胺酰胺)的共轭物及其制备方法。具体说是在紫杉醇7-O位,2’-O位,3’-N位分别与胞壁酰二肽共轭的三个系列化合物及其制备。该发明涉及的共轭物与紫杉醇相比,有更好的水溶性和良好的生物活性。
背景技术
紫杉醇是从红豆杉属(Taxus)植物中分得的天然二萜类化合物之一。早在1962年美国农业部(USDA)就采集了太平洋红豆杉(Taxus brevifolia)树皮供美国国立癌症研究所(NCI)筛选抗癌活性成分。1963年Wall和Wani提取出粗提物;1969年确定了粗提物中活性成分是紫杉醇。1971年,Wani等分离出纯的紫杉醇并用X-衍射确定了它的结构。虽然同时公布了其对P388和P1534白血病有很高的活性,抑制W256肉瘤活性也很好(J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1971,93:2325.)。但也许因其含量很低,分离纯化很难,而且结构十分复杂难以合成,最初他们并没有申请专利,也没有引起人们的足够重视。直到1979年Horwitz等(Nature,1979,277:665.)发现紫杉醇与所有其它抗癌药(如长春花碱及秋水仙碱)作用机制不同,它能促进细胞微管形成并能阻止其生理解聚,从而避免了癌细胞的快速分裂,使其停止在G2期和M期,直至死亡。这一独特的作用机制引起了人们的极大兴趣,紫杉醇顿时成为抗癌药物研究的最热点。1992年FDA批准了天然紫杉醇在临床上使用治疗卵巢癌,商品名为Taxol。美国Bristol-Mayers-Squibb(BMS)公司是第一个把紫杉醇推上市场的公司。现在Taxol已在欧洲、美洲、南非等40多个国家上市。中国医学科学院药物研究所和海口制药厂也已拿到了新药证书。但紫杉醇的水溶性很低(0.025mg/ml),必须在其配方中加入50%的聚乙氧基蓖麻油(Cremophor EL)乳化剂和50%的乙醇,然后用生理盐水稀释后给药,其最大的缺点是Cremophor EL会导致严重的过敏反应,甚至致死人亡(Science,1992,256:311.)。因此,制备新的保留抗癌活性的紫杉醇前药仍是必要的。
紫杉醇作用的机理是启动微管蛋白聚合和抑制管蛋白解聚。但紫杉醇不仅作用在微管蛋白上,而且作为脂多糖(LPS)的模拟物,它也可能通过影响和改变免疫系统内巨噬细胞的功能来达到治疗肿瘤的目的(降低TNF-α的表达并诱导TNF-α释放,Ding AH,et al.,Science,1990,248:370.)。近期的研究结果表明,非特异性的巨噬细胞调节剂胞壁酰二肽(MDP)可以协同LPS大大提高激活巨噬细胞表达细胞因子的能力(Molfert M,et al.,J.Bio.Chem.,2002,277(42):39179;Le CC,et al.,J.Immuno.1993,l50(10):4541.)。依据以上的实验事实我们推测,胞壁酰二肽或其衍生物一定能够通过与LPS类似的协同作用机制与紫杉醇产生协同作用。这种协同作用在临床上对肿瘤的治疗将是一种新的方案。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一类水溶性好,保留抗肿瘤活性,并且化学治疗和免疫治疗协同作用的前药。
本发明提出的紫杉醇与胞壁酰二肽共轭物的化学制备是在分析研究现有紫杉醇药物及其衍生物的优点及存在的问题的基础上加以改进而获得的。该类共轭物的化学通式为:
[taxol]-[link]1-2-[MDP]
通式I
这些化合物是由固相化学和液相化学共同结合的方法制备的。由特征数据和二维核磁共振证明了本发明紫杉醇衍生物的结构。除了提高水溶性及改善稳定性外,这些化合物仍保有抗癌和免疫增强的生物活性。
本发明采用了一种固相合成紫杉醇与胞壁酰二肽的共轭物的方法。其中关键的中间体:紫杉醇2’-羟基的丁二酸单酯、7-乙酰氧基紫杉醇-3’-胺基的丁二酸单酰胺、紫杉醇-7-羟基的丁二酸单酯的液相合成方法(以7-乙酰氧基紫杉醇-3’-胺基的丁二酸单酰胺的制备为例介绍)以及共轭物、化学库的固相及液相合成方法如下(见Scheme I、II、III、IV):
Scheme I.紫杉醇中间体的合成
Scheme II.3’-N位共轭物的合成方法
Scheme III.2’-O位共轭物的合成方法
Scheme IV.共轭物的液相合成方法(以2’-O位共轭为例)
本发明因此还涉及含有作为活性成份的本发明化合物和常规药物赋形剂或辅剂的药物组合物。通常本发明药物组合物含有0.1-95重量%的本发明化合物。
本发明化合物的药物组合物可根据本领域公知的方法制备。用于此目的时,如果需要,可将本发明化合物与一种或多种固体或液体药物赋形剂和/或辅剂结合,制成可作为人药或兽药使用的适当的施用形式或剂量形式。
本发明化合物或含有它的药物组合物可以单位剂量形式给药,给药途径可为肠道或非肠道,如口服、肌肉、皮下、鼻腔、口腔粘膜、皮肤、腹膜或直肠等。
本发明化合物或含有它的药物组合物的给药途径可为注射给药。注射包括静脉注射、肌肉注射、皮下注射、皮内注射和穴位注射等。
给药剂型可以是液体剂型、固体剂型。如液体剂型可以是真溶液类、胶体类、微粒剂 型、乳剂剂型、混悬剂型。其他剂型例如片剂、胶囊、滴丸、气雾剂、丸剂、粉剂、溶液剂、混悬剂、乳剂、颗粒剂、栓剂、冻干粉针剂等。
本发明化合物可以制成普通制剂、也可以是缓释制剂、控释制剂、靶向制剂及各种微粒给药系统。
为了将单位给药剂型制成片剂,可以广泛使用本领域公知的各种载体。关于载体的例子是,例如稀释剂与吸收剂,如淀粉、糊精、硫酸钙、乳糖、甘露醇、蔗糖、氯化钠、葡萄糖、尿素、碳酸钙、白陶土、微晶纤维素、硅酸铝等;湿润剂与粘合剂,如水、甘油、聚乙二醇、乙醇、丙醇、淀粉浆、糊精、糖浆、蜂蜜、葡萄糖溶液、阿拉伯胶浆、明胶浆、羧甲基纤维素钠、紫胶、甲基纤维素、磷酸钾、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等;崩解剂,例如干燥淀粉、海藻酸盐、琼脂粉、褐藻淀粉、碳酸氢钠与枸橼酸、碳酸钙、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、十二烷基磺酸钠、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素等;崩解抑制剂,例如蔗糖、三硬脂酸甘油酯、可可脂、氢化油等;吸收促进剂,例如季铵盐、十二烷基硫酸钠等;润滑剂,例如滑石粉、二氧化硅、玉米淀粉、硬脂酸盐、硼酸、液体石蜡、聚乙二醇等。还可以将片剂进一步制成包衣片,例如糖包衣片、薄膜包衣片、肠溶包衣片,或双层片和多层片。
例如为了将给药单元制成丸剂,可以广泛使用本领域公知的各种载体。关于载体的例子是,例如稀释剂与吸收剂,如葡萄糖、乳糖、淀粉、可可脂、氢化植物油、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、Gelucire、高岭土、滑石粉等;粘合剂,如阿拉伯胶、黄蓍胶、明胶、乙醇、蜂蜜、液糖、米糊或面糊等;崩解剂,如琼脂粉、干燥淀粉、海藻酸盐、十二烷基磺酸钠、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素等。
例如为了将给药单元制成胶囊,将有效成分本发明化合物与上述的各种载体混合,并将由此得到的混合物置于硬的明胶胶囊或软胶囊中。也可将有效成分本发明化合物制成微囊剂,混悬于水性介质中形成混悬剂,亦可装入硬胶囊中或制成注射剂应用。
例如,将本发明化合物制成注射用制剂,如溶液剂、混悬剂溶液剂、乳剂、冻干粉针剂,这种制剂可以是含水或非水的,可含一种和/或多种药效学上可接受的载体、稀释剂、粘合剂、润滑剂、防腐剂、表面活性剂或分散剂。如稀释剂可选自水、乙醇、聚乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、乙氧基化的异硬脂醇、多氧化的异硬脂醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醇脂肪酸酯等。另外,为了制备等渗注射液,可以向注射用制剂中添加适量的氯化钠、葡萄糖或甘油,此外,还可以添加常规的助溶剂、缓冲剂、pH调节剂等。这些辅料是本领域常用的
此外,如需要,也可以向药物制剂中添加着色剂、防腐剂、香料、矫味剂、甜味剂或其它材料。
为达到用药目的,增强治疗效果,本发明的药物或药物组合物可用任何公知的给药方法给药。
本发明化合物药物组合物的给药剂量取决于许多因素,例如所要预防或治疗疾病的性质和严重程度,患者或动物的性别、年龄、体重、性格及个体反应,给药途径、给药次数、治疗目的,因此本发明的治疗剂量可以有大范围的变化。一般来讲,本发明中药学成分的使用剂量是本领域技术人员公知的。可以根据本发明化合物组合物中最后的制剂中所含有的实际药物数量,加以适当的调整,以达到其治疗有效量的要求,完成本发明的预防或治疗目的。本发明化合物的每天的合适剂量范围本发明的化合物的用量为0.001-150mg/Kg体重,优选为0.1-100mg/Kg体重,更优选为1-60mg/Kg体重,最优选为2-30mg/Kg体重。上述剂量可以单一剂量形式或分成几个,例如二、三或四个剂量形式给药这受限于给药医生的临床经验以及包括运用其它治疗手段的给药方案。
每一种治疗所需总剂量可分成多次或按一次剂量给药。本发明的化合物或组合物可单独服用,或与其他治疗药物或对症药物合并使用并调整剂量。
附图说明
图1 Lane 1:空白对照组
Lane 2:MDP-Taxol(5μM)共轭物组(2’-O-MTC)
Lane 3:MDP(5μM)+Taxol(5μM)组
Lane 4:MDP(5μM)组
Lane 5:Taxol(5μM)组
具体实施方式
本发明结合以下实施例来进一步描述各中间体化合物及共轭物的制备方法,它不限制本发明,本发明的范围由权力要求限定:
实施例1:7-硅醚化-10-去乙酰-Baccatin III的合成:
将10-去乙酰-Baccatin III 1.1g(2.0mmol)溶于无水吡啶20ml中,通入氮气,室温搅拌下缓慢滴加三乙基硅氯3.4ml(20mmol),反应10小时,以适量乙酸乙酯稀释,稀释液依次用饱和CuSO4溶液(200ml×3)和水洗涤,有机层用无水Na2SO4干燥,浓缩,得白色粉末1.1g,收率84%。
实施例2:7硅醚化-Baccatin III的合成:
将7-硅醚化-10-去乙酰-Baccatin III 0.5g(0.76mmol)溶于无水吡啶30ml中,通入氮气,冰浴冷却下加入1.5ml醋酸酐(15.4mmol),再置于室温搅拌72小时,加适量乙酸乙酯稀释,依次用饱和CuSO4溶液(200ml×3)和水洗涤,有机层用无水Na2SO4干燥,浓缩,得白色粉末335mg,收率63%。
实施例3:7-乙酰氧基-Baccatin III的合成:
将10-去乙酰-Baccatin III 2.0g(3.676mmol)溶于无水吡啶100ml中,于室温加入乙酸酐15ml,室温搅拌3天。减压浓缩除去多余吡啶,用甲醇/水重结晶,得白色针晶2.31g(含7,10,13-三乙酰氧Baccatin III 19%),收率81.0%,无须重结晶,即可用于保护的Taxol的合成。柱层析纯化可得纯7-乙酰氧-Baccatin III。
实施例4:Taxol侧链(4S,5R)-N-(叔丁氧甲酰基)-2,2-二甲基-4-苯基-1,3-氮氧杂环戊烷-5-甲酸(见Scheme I中化合物B)的合成采用文献(Bourzat,J.D.et al.Tetra.Lett.1993,34,6049-6052.)法合成。
实施例5:13-[O-(4S,5R)-N-(叔丁氧甲酰基)-2,2-二甲基-4-苯基-1,3-氮氧杂环戊烷-5-甲酰]-7-乙酰氧基-Baccatin III的合成:
将7-乙酰氧Baccatin III 0.267g(0.425mmol)溶于无水甲苯20ml中,加入(4S,5R)-N-(叔丁氧甲酰基)-2,2-二甲基-4-苯基-1,3-氮氧杂环戊烷-5-甲酸0.6g(1.87mmol),二异丙基碳二亚胺0.53ml(3.4mmol),二甲氨基吡啶26mg(0.2lmmol),于80℃油浴中搅拌2小时,过滤,浓缩除去甲苯。ODS反相柱层析纯化,水/甲醇梯度洗脱,得白色针晶241mg,收率61%。
实施例6:13-[O-2R-羟基-3S-氨基-苯丙酰]-7-乙酰氧基-Baccatin III的合成:
将13-[O-(4S,5R)-N-(叔丁氧甲酰基)-2,2-二甲基-4-苯基-1,3-氮氧杂环戊烷-5-甲酰]-7-乙酰氧基-Baccatin III 125mg(0.134mmol)在冰水浴中溶于95%甲酸3ml中,搅拌反应10小时后,加入适量二氯甲烷稀释反应液,以配好的饱和碳酸氢钠溶液在冰水浴下滴至中性,分出有机层依次用饱和NaCl溶液和水洗涤,有机层用无水Na2SO4干燥,浓缩,得白色粉末88mg,收率86%。
实施例7:7-乙酰氧基-N-(4”-羧基-1”-丁酰基)-紫杉醇及其铵盐的合成:
将13-[O-2R-羟基-3S-氨基-苯丙酰]-7-乙酰氧基-Baccatin III40mg(0.05mmol),溶于2ml无水二氯甲烷中,加入43μl DIPEA(0.25mmol),再加入5mg(0.05mmol)丁二酸酐,室温搅拌反应2小时后,减压浓缩除去溶剂,用ODS反相硅胶柱分离纯化,50%乙腈/水洗脱,得产物27mg(0.03mmol),分离收率60%。
取1mg 7-乙酰氧基-N-(4”-羧基-1”-丁酰氨基)-紫杉醇,以30%的CH3OH-H2O溶解,在冰水浴下滴加0.5mol/L的氨水,不断检测溶液的PH值至8,并以TLC薄层层析检测至薄板上的原料由条状完全转化为原点处的产物铵盐,冷冻干燥反应液得产物胺盐。
实施例8:2’-(4”-羧基-1”-丁酰氧基)-3’-(4”-羧基-1”-丁酰氨基)-7-乙酰氧基-紫杉醇及其铵盐的合成:
将13-[O-2R-羟基-3S-氨基-苯丙酰]-7-乙酰氧基-Baccatin III40mg(0.05mmol),溶于2ml无水二氯甲烷中,再加入25mg(0.25mmol)丁二酸酐,于室温下搅拌反应24小时后,减压浓缩除去二氯甲烷。以制备型HPLC纯化得产物16mg(0.018mmol),分离收率35%。
取1mg 2’-(4”-羧基-1”-丁酰氧基)-3’-(4”-羧基-1”-丁酰氨基)-7-乙酰氧基-紫杉醇,以30%的CH3OH-H2O溶解,于冰浴下滴加0.5mol/L的氨水,不断检测溶液的PH值至8,并以TLC薄层层析检测至薄板上的原料由条状完全转化为原点处的产物铵盐为止,冷冻干燥反应液得产物胺盐。
实施例9:2’-三乙基硅醚基-紫杉醇的合成:
(1)在通入氩气条件下,将天然紫杉醇溶于适量无水吡啶中;
(2)冰水浴搅拌下缓慢滴加一定量三乙基硅氯,滴加完置于室温下搅拌反应;
(3)反应48小时后,以适量乙酸乙酯稀释,过滤,滤液依次以饱和硫酸铜溶液和水洗涤;
(4)有机层以无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得2’-三乙基硅醚基-紫杉醇。
实施例10:7-(4”-羧基-1”-丁酰氧基)-紫杉醇的合成:
(1)将2’-三乙基硅醚基-紫杉醇,丁二酸酐和4-N,N-二甲基吡啶溶于吡啶中,在室温下搅拌反应;
(2)反应完毕后,以乙酸乙酯稀释,以饱和硫酸铜溶液洗涤,再以水洗涤;
(3)有机层以无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得2’-三乙基硅醚基-7-丁二酰基紫杉醇;
(4)以醋酸∶水∶四氢呋喃=6∶3∶1室温搅拌脱除2’-三乙基硅醚基。
(5)减压浓缩除去反应液,经柱层析纯化得产物7-(4”-羧基-1”-丁酰氧基)-紫杉醇。
实施例11:带有ε-氨基游离的赖氨酸连接臂的胞壁酰二肽(胞壁酰丙胺酰异谷胺酰胺)在2-Chloro Trityl树脂的制备:
称取300mg(0.3mmol)2-Chloro Trityl树脂,减压抽真空30min后,加入无水二氯甲烷约3ml将树脂溶胀45分钟。将溶有160mg(0.3mmol)Fmoc-Lys(Dde)-COOH(L-α-芴甲氧羰酰胺基-ε-1-(4,4-二甲基-2,6-二环己二酮-1-亚基)-1-乙基氨基赖氨酸)的二氯甲烷溶液1.5ml加入到上述树脂中,振摇5分钟。随后加入二异丙基乙基胺DIPEA 205μl(1.2mmol),于室温振摇反应0.5小时。滤去反应液,以二氯甲烷/甲醇/二异丙基乙基胺=17∶2∶1封闭树脂1小时。再以无水二甲基甲酰胺,二氯甲烷,甲醇分别洗涤三次,抽干。以含哌啶20%的二甲基甲酰胺溶液脱除Fmoc保护基(α-芴甲氧羰酰胺基)20分钟,脱除两次后洗涤晾干,然后接入氨基酸Fmoc-D-isoGln(D-芴甲氧羰酰胺基异谷胺酰胺),二异丙基碳二亚胺(DIC),N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(HOSu)的无水二甲基甲酰胺溶液,其物质的量均比树脂负载量过量3倍,反应3小时,依此条件,重复接Fmoc-L-Ala(L-芴甲氧羰酰胺基丙氨酸),1-α-苄氧基-2-乙酰氨基胞壁酸,以茚三酮溶液检测至无游离氨基为止。目标产物合成后,用醋酸∶二氯甲烷=1∶9(v/v)的溶液将产物切落,然后进行高效液相-质谱联机(LC-MS)分析检测。高压液相的分析条件为:梯度洗脱,洗脱液A为0.1%的HCOOH水溶液,B为0.1%的HCOOH的乙腈溶液。
实施例12:胞壁酰丙胺酰异谷胺酰胺(胞壁酰二肽)与紫杉醇在固相载体上的共聚(以Scheme II中化合物3’-N-MTC的合成为例介绍):
方法1(正接):
用含无水肼2%的DMF溶液对实施例11所得载有胞壁酰二肽的2-Chloro Trityl树脂脱Dde保护基,共脱除两次,每次3分钟;洗涤晾干;加入3’-(4”-羧基-1”-丁酰氨基)-7-乙酰氧基-紫杉醇及二异丙基碳二亚胺(DIC),N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(HOSu)的无水二甲基甲酰胺溶液,室温振摇过夜,至以茚三酮溶液检测已无游离氨基为止。目标产物合成后,用醋酸∶二氯甲烷=1∶9(v/v)的溶液将产物切落,然后进行高效液相-质谱联机(LC-MS)分析检测。高压液相的分析条件为:梯度洗脱,洗脱液A为0.1%的HCOOH水溶液,B为0.1%的HCOOH的乙腈溶液。产物纯度>97%,电喷雾质谱测得分子量为1584(M+H+)。
方法2(倒接):
配置2%的肼/二甲基甲酰胺加入到树脂中振摇3分钟,脱Dde保护基两次后,以无水二甲基甲酰胺,二氯甲烷,甲醇分别洗涤三次,抽干。加入配好的丁二酸酐的二氯甲烷溶液,室温振摇2小时,使树脂上的游离氨基均被丁二酸酐酯化;洗涤晾干后,配置13-[O-2R-羟基-3S-氨基-苯丙酰]-7-乙酰氧基-Baccatin III浓度为2mol/L的无水二甲基甲酰胺溶液,同时加入二异丙基碳二亚胺(DIC),N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(HOSu),将配置好的反应液加入到树脂中室温振摇48小时。滤除反应液,用醋酸∶二氯甲烷=1∶9(v/v)的溶液将产物切落,然后进行高效液相-质谱联机(LC-MS)分析检测。高压液相的分析条件为:梯度洗脱,洗脱液A为0.1%的HCOOH水溶液,B为0.1%的HCOOH的乙腈溶液。冷冻干燥后得产物。
实施例13:胞壁酰丙胺酰异谷胺酰胺(胞壁酰二肽)与紫杉醇在固相载体上的共聚(以Scheme III中化合物2’-O-MTC的合成为例介绍):
用含无水肼2%的DMF溶液对实施例11所得载有胞壁酰二肽的2-Chloro Trityl树脂脱Dde保护基,共脱除两次,每次3分钟;洗涤晾干;加入2’-(4”-羧基-1”-丁酰氧基)-紫杉醇及二异丙基碳二亚胺(DIC),N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(HOSu)的无水二甲基甲酰胺溶液,室温振摇过夜,至以茚三酮溶液检测已无游离氨基为止。目标产物合成后,用醋酸∶二氯甲烷=1∶9(v/v)的溶液将产物切落,然后进行高效液相-质谱联机(LC-MS)分析检测。高压液相的分析条件为:梯度洗脱,洗脱液A为0.1%的HCOOH水溶液,B为0.1%的HCOOH的乙腈溶液。产物纯度>99%,电喷雾质谱测得分子量为1647(M+H+)。
实施例14:胞壁酰丙胺酰异谷胺酰胺(胞壁酰二肽)与紫杉醇在液相中的共聚制备(以Scheme IV中化合物2’-O-MTC的合成为例介绍):
(1)在树脂上合成带有ε-氨基游离的赖氨酸连接臂的胞壁酰二肽:称取300mg(0.3mmol)Rink Amide树脂,加入无水二氯甲烷约3mL将树脂溶胀45分钟。将溶有0.9mmol Fmoc-Lys(Dde)-COOH(L-α-芴甲氧羰酰胺基-ε-1-(4,4-二甲基-2,6-二环己二酮-1-亚基)-1-乙基氨基赖氨酸)活泼酯的二氯甲烷溶液1.5ml加入到上述树脂中,于室温振摇反应0.5小时。滤去反应液,再以无水二甲基甲酰胺,二氯甲烷,甲醇分别洗涤三次,抽干。以含哌啶20%的二甲基甲酰胺溶液脱除Fmoc保护基(α-芴甲氧羰酰胺基)20分钟,脱除两次后洗涤晾干,然后接入氨基酸Fmoc-D-isoGln(D-芴甲氧羰酰胺基异谷胺酰胺),二异丙基碳二亚胺(DIC),N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(HOSu)的无水二甲基甲酰胺溶液,其物质的量均比树脂负载量过量3倍,反应3小时,依此条件,重复接Fmoc-L-Ala(L-芴甲氧羰酰胺基丙氨酸),1-α-苄氧基-2-乙酰氨基胞壁酸,以茚三酮溶液检测游离氨基。用5%肼/DMF溶液脱除4,4-二甲基-2,6-二环己二酮-1-亚基(Dde保护基)保护10分钟,三氟醋酸∶二氯甲烷=95∶5(v/v)的溶液将产物切落,然后进行高效液相纯化,梯度洗脱,洗脱液A为0.1%的HCOOH水溶液,B为0.1%的HCOOH的乙腈溶液。
(2)将步骤(1)产物与2’-(4”-羧基-1”-丁酰氧基)-紫杉醇溶于无水二氯甲烷中,以缩合剂二异丙基碳二亚胺(DIC)室温缩合48小时,减压浓缩除去溶剂。粗产物进行高效液相纯化,梯度洗脱,洗脱液A为0.1%的HCOOH水溶液,B为0.1%的HCOOH的乙腈溶液。经冷冻干燥,得白色粉末状产物,高压液相的分析条件为:梯度洗脱,洗脱液A为0.1%的HCOOH水溶液,B为0.1%的HCOOH的乙腈溶液,产物纯度>99%,电喷雾质谱测得分子量为1646(M+H+)。
药理实验
实验例1:紫杉醇与胞壁酰二肽(胞壁酰丙胺酰异谷胺酰胺)的共轭物衍生物的抗肿瘤细胞增殖作用
将对数生长期细胞按1200-1500个/100μL接种于96孔培养板。24小时后加入不同浓度药物(0.1pmol/L至10μmol/L共9个浓度)及相应溶剂对照(1/10体积),每组平行4孔,于37℃继续培养72小时后,弃上清,每孔加100μL新鲜配制的含0.5mg/mL MTT的培养基,继续培养4小时,弃培养上清,加100μL DMSO溶解MTT甲簪沉淀,用微型振荡器振荡混匀,在Bio-Rad 450型酶标仪上测定570nm处光密度值(650nm为参考波长),用计算机软件(SigmaPlot)辅助拟和量效曲线,并计算IC50。
研究表明,化合物2’-O-MTC在低浓度时对多数肿瘤细胞系有明显的抑制作用,其对肿瘤细胞系抑制作用的IC50,与紫杉醇相当或略高。如表1所示,化合物2’-O-MTC对多数肿瘤细胞有良好的细胞毒性作用,其肿瘤杀伤谱与紫杉醇相同,两者对正常人胚肺成纤维细胞抑制作用稍弱。
表1.紫杉醇和化合物2’-O-MTC对体外培养的肿瘤细胞和正常细胞的生长抑制作用(IC50nmol/L)的比较
人体外培养细胞 | 紫杉醇 | 化合物2’-O-MTC |
鼻咽癌(KB) | 0.3 | 1.3 |
宫颈癌(HeLa) | 0.7 | 3.0 |
胃癌(BGC-823) | 1.1 | 2.4 |
卵巢癌(A2780) | 1.8 | 5.9 |
乳腺癌(MCF-7) | 1.9 | 3.0 |
前列腺癌(PC3M) | 1.9 | 14.0 |
肾癌(KeTr3) | 19.0 | 24.0 |
结肠癌(HCT-8) | 22 | 38 |
肝癌药物(BEL-7402) | 220 | 170 |
正常人胚肺成纤维细胞(HELF) | 280 | 320 |
实验例2:紫杉醇与胞壁酰二肽的共轭物(2’-O-MTC)对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞TNF-α分泌的影响
动物:雄性C57BL/6小鼠,由本院动物中心提供。
试验材料:小鼠TNF-αELISA试剂盒购于深圳晶美生物工程有限公司。
试验方法:
1.无菌取小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,用完全RPMI-1640培养基调细胞浓度为2×106cells/mL,贴壁2小时。
2.分别添加LPS(1.0μg/mL)和不同化合物,在5%CO2,完全湿度培养箱中培养24小时,取上清。
3.用TNF-αELISA法检测其上清中TNF-α的含量,结果见表2。
表2.化合物2’-O-MTC对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞TNF-α生成的影响
Compounds | Mean±S.D.(pg/mL) | Increase Rate(%) |
ControlTaxol(5μM)MDP(5μM)MDP(5μM)+Taxol(5μM)10μM5μM2’-O-MTC1μM0.1μM | 10.83±1.1430.65±2.3840.16±2.8690.95±3.24664.83±4.42537.04±5.27245.46±3.0687.89±4.33 | 183.01***270.82***196.74### 126.47___630.98△△△ 2069.10###490.47△△△ 1652.17###169.89△△△ 700.85###-3.36 186.75### |
***P<0.001;Vs control;#P<0.05,##P<0.01,###P<0.001 Vs taxol;
___P<0.001 Vs MDP:△△△P<0.001 Vs taxol+MDP
小结:结果显示紫杉醇与胞壁酰二肽的共轭物(2’-O-MTC)显著促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞TNF-α的分泌,在同样浓度下其作用强于紫杉醇和胞壁酰二肽的单独作用或者混合协同作用。
实验例3:紫杉醇与胞壁酰二肽的共轭物(2’-O-MTC)对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞IL-12分泌的影响
动物:雄性C57BL/6小鼠,由本院动物中心提供。
试验材料:小鼠IL-12 ELISA试剂盒购于深圳晶美生物工程有限公司。
试验方法:
1.无菌取小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,用完全RPMI-1640培养基调细胞浓度为2×106cells/mL,贴壁2小时。
2.分别添加LPS(1.0μg/mL)和不同化合物,在5%CO2,完全湿度培养箱中培养24小时,取上清。
3.用IL-12 ELISA法检测其上清中IL-12的含量,结果见表3。
表3.化合物2’-O-MTC对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞IL-12生成的影响
Compounds | Mean±S.D.(pg/mL) | Increase Rate(%) |
ControlTaxol(5μM)MDP(5μM)MDP(5μM)+Taxol(5μM)10μM2’-O-MTC 5μM1μM0.1μM | 261.72±1.96529.64±32.68486.14±21.73676.24±48.931789.68±63.681591.75±73.04899.60±80.25356.42±56.37 | 102.37***85.75***27.68# 39.10_164.65△△△ 237.90###135.38△△△ 200.53###33.03 69.85#-47.29 -32.71 |
***P<0.001 Vs Control;#P<0.05;##P<0.01;###P<0.001 Vs Taxol;
_P<0.05 Vs MDP;△P<0.05 Vs Taxol+MDP Group;△△△P<0.001 Vs Taxol+MDP
小结:结果显示紫杉醇与胞壁酰二肽的共轭物(2’-O-MTC)显著促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞IL-12的分泌,在同样浓度下其作用强于紫杉醇和胞壁酰二肽的单独作用或混合协同作用。
实验例4:紫杉醇与胞壁酰二肽的共轭物(2’-O-MTC)对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞NF-κB活性的影响
动物:雄性C57BL/6小鼠,由本院动物中心提供。
试验材料:[γ-32P]-ATP购自北京市亚辉生物医学工程公司,Poly dI-dC等购于Promega Company。
试验方法:
1.无菌取小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,用完全RPMI-1640培养基调细胞浓度为2×106cells/mL,贴壁2小时。
2.分别添加LPS(1.0μg/mL)和不同化合物,在5%CO2,完全湿度培养箱中培养1小时,提取细胞内核蛋白。
3.用EMSA法检测化合物对巨噬细胞内NF-κB DNA结合活性的影响,结果见附图1:
由附图1可见紫杉醇与胞壁酰二肽的共轭物(2’-O-MTC)增强了巨噬细胞内NF-κB DNA结合活性,在同样浓度下其作用强于紫杉醇和胞壁酰二肽的单独作用或者混合协同作用。
实验例5:紫杉醇与胞壁酰二肽共轭物的动物体内抗肿瘤作用
动物:雄性C57BL/6小鼠,由本院动物中心提供。
实验材料:样品及其实验样品的制备:紫杉醇与胞壁酰二肽共轭物,天然紫三醇,均用吐温-80助溶,用生理盐水配制混悬液。
实验方法:取LLC瘤株,按1g瘤加2ml生理盐水磨成匀浆,于小鼠肩背部皮下接种0.1ml瘤液。接种后24小时将小鼠按体重随机分组给药。实验共设3组:
1:对照组:给相同体积的溶剂;
2:紫杉醇:3.5mg/kg组;
3:紫杉醇与胞壁酰二肽共轭物:10mg/kg组;
均为腹腔注射,给药体积为10mL/kg,每日一次,连续28天。于接种后29天处死小鼠,称量体重,瘤重,肺重,量瘤体积,并将置肺于固定液中固定,计数肺癌转移灶。(固定液的配制:冰醋酸:2mL,苦味酸15mL,福尔马林1mL),结果见表4。
表4.2’-O-MTC小鼠体内抗肿瘤以及抗肿瘤转移活性(n=10;Mean±SD)*P<0.05,**P<0.01 vsControl;#P<0.05,##P<0.01 vs Tax group
Group | Dose(mg·kg-1·day) | Primary tumor | Metastatic tumor | ||||||
T Volum(mm3) | Inhibition/% | T Weight(g) | Inhibition/% | T Weight/Bweight | Inhibition/% | loci(n) | Inhibition/% | ||
Control | - | 13.04±5.46 | - | 10.23±1.26 | - | 0.61±0.08 | - | 23.56±5.98 | - |
TAX | 5 | 3.82±1.93 | 70.1** | 4.09±1.26 | 60.0** | 0.26±0.13 | 57.4** | 12.75±5.80 | 45.9** |
2’-O-MTC | 10 | 7.43±1.90 | 43.0**## | 7.28±2.10 | 28.8**## | 0.45±0.18 | 26.2*# | 10.63±3.78 | 54.9** |
从表4的实验结果中可以看出,MDP-TAX在体内具有抗肿瘤作用,其在给药剂量下抗原发瘤的作用弱于紫三醇,但其抗肿瘤转移的作用与紫三醇相当,两者相比无显著性差异。
Claims (14)
2.根据权利要求1所述的共轭物,其特征在于,连接紫杉醇和胞壁酰二肽的连接桥包括含有二个或多个羧基的结构HOOC(CH2)nCOOH,自然数n代表2到12;连接桥还包括含有氨基或羟基以及一个或多个羧基的结构,自然数n代表2到12;连接桥以酯键或酰胺键连接在紫杉醇的2’-O,3’-N,或7-O位。
3.根据权利要求2所述的共轭物,其特征在于,所述的自然数n从2到6。
4.根据权利要求1所述,R1,R2,R3中有至少有一个为下列通式:
CO(CH2)nCONH-MDP
其中自然数n从1到3,并且胞壁酰二肽以酰胺键与丁二酰基紫杉醇共轭。
5.根据权利要求1所述,R1,R2中至少有一个为-COCH2CH2COOH或其铵盐或碱金属盐;R3为乙酰基或氢。
6.本发明提供一类紫杉醇与胞壁酰二肽的共轭物的制备方法,其特征在于具体步骤如下:
(1)采用与紫杉醇酸碱稳定性相匹配的树脂固相合成胞壁酰二肽部分;
(2)选择以L-α-甲基-苄胺为手性辅助剂,以苯甲醛为起始原料,形成Shiffbase,通过Staudinger反应形成β-内酰胺中间体的方法合成保护的紫杉醇侧链(Bourzat,J.D.et al.Tetra.Lett.,1993,34,6049-6052.);
(3)保护的紫杉醇侧链引入到经保护的市售10-去乙酰-Baccatin III的13-位;
(4)以琥珀酸酐作为连接桥将紫杉醇连接至固相载体上;
(5)最终经裂解反应得到了共轭物,并以液相-电喷雾质谱,一维和二维核磁共振确认结构。
7.根据权利要求5所述的紫杉醇衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(4)制备紫杉醇2’-羟基的丁二酸单酯过程中:
(1)将紫杉醇,酸酐和4-N,N-二甲基吡啶溶于吡啶中,在室温下搅拌反应;
(2)反应完毕后,以乙酸乙酯稀释,以饱和硫酸铜溶液洗涤,再以水洗涤;
(3)浓缩有机层得产物。
8.根据权利要求5所述的紫杉醇衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(4)制备7-乙酰氧基紫杉醇-3’-胺基的丁二酸单酰胺过程中:
(1)将7-乙酰基-3’-去苯甲酰基-紫杉醇溶于适量二氯甲烷中,再加入一定量的丁二酸酐,于室温下搅拌反应;
(2)两小时后浓缩除去二氯甲烷得产物。
9.根据权利要求5所述的紫杉醇衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(4)制备紫杉醇-7-羟基的丁二酸单酯的具体步骤如下:
(1)在紫杉醇的2’位进行硅醚化反应,具体地说就是用三乙基氯硅烷基保护2’-OH;
(2)将2’-三乙基硅醚基-紫杉醇,酸酐和4-N,N-二甲基吡啶溶于吡啶中,在室温下搅拌反应;
(3)反应完毕后,以乙酸乙酯稀释,以饱和硫酸铜溶液洗涤,再以水洗涤;
(4)浓缩有机层得2’-三乙基硅醚基-7-丁二酰基紫杉醇;
(5)以醋酸∶水∶四氢呋喃=6∶3∶1室温搅拌脱除2’-三乙基硅醚基。
10.根据权利要求7所述的紫杉醇的2’位进行硅醚化反应以保护裸露的2’-OH,其具体步骤如下:
(1)在通入氩气,冰水浴条件下,将天然紫杉醇溶于适量无水吡啶中;
(2)滴加一定量三乙基氯硅烷,滴加完置于室温下搅拌反应;
(3)反应48小时后,以乙酸乙酯稀释,过滤,滤液依次以饱和硫酸铜溶液和水洗涤;
(4)有机层以无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得2’-三乙基硅醚基-紫杉醇。
12.根据权利要求10所述的胞壁酰二肽衍生物的通式III,其中X代表脂肪烃基或带有芳香结构的烃基、酰基、磺酰基、取代脲基、取代硫脲基、各种糖类等。Y代表-OH或-NH2。
13.根据权利要求1中通式I所述的共轭物化学库的固相及液相制备方法及其化合物。
14.权利要求1所述的共轭物在制备免疫调节和\或抗癌药物中的应用。
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