CN1711233A - 制备茚满-1,3-二甲酸的方法 - Google Patents
制备茚满-1,3-二甲酸的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C253/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by reactions not involving the formation of cyano groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/08—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides from nitriles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C61/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C61/16—Unsaturated compounds
- C07C61/28—Unsaturated compounds polycyclic
- C07C61/29—Unsaturated compounds polycyclic having a carboxyl group bound to a condensed ring system
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2602/00—Systems containing two condensed rings
- C07C2602/02—Systems containing two condensed rings the rings having only two atoms in common
- C07C2602/04—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C2602/08—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring the other ring being five-membered, e.g. indane
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及制备茚满-1,3-二甲酸化合物的方法,其中,所述化合物是合成芳基稠合氮杂多环化合物的有用中间体,其中芳基稠合氮杂多环化合物为用于治疗神经及心理障碍的药物。
Description
发明背景
本发明涉及制备茚满-1,3-二甲酸及其衍生物的方法,其中,所述化合物是合成芳基稠合氮杂多环化合物的有用中间体。于2000年2月25日提交的美国专利申请号09/514002公开了所选择的可用于制备芳基稠合氮杂多环化合物的中间体的合成。
在美国专利US 6,410,550 B1中公开了某些芳基稠合氮杂多环化合物的合成、组合物以及使用方法,这些化合物表现出用于治疗神经及心理障碍的药物的活性。上述专利申请和专利在本文中全文引入作为参考。
发明概述
本发明提供制备式I化合物的方法,
其中R1和R2独立地选自氢、C1-C5烷基、C1-C5烷氧基、三氟甲基、卤素、磺酰烷基、烷基氨基、酰氨基、酯基、芳基烷基、杂烷基和芳基烷氧基。式I化合物通过使式II化合物经酸或碱催化水解来制备,
其中R1和R2独立地选自氢、C1-C5烷基、C1-C5烷氧基、三氟甲基、卤素、磺酰烷基、烷基氨基、酰氨基、酯基、芳基烷基、杂烷基和芳基烷氧基。
式II化合物可通过使式III化合物在适宜氢化催化剂的存在下氢化来制备,
其中R1和R2如上定义。
式III化合物可通过使式IV化合物:
与下式的3-乙氧基丙烯腈
在乙酸钯(II)、三环己基膦和碱的存在下于水混溶性溶剂中反应来制备。
R1和R2如上定义且X选自氯、溴和碘。
茚满II向相应的二甲酸的水解在酸催化剂或碱催化剂的存在下进行。酸催化剂包括单一的酸或酸的混合物。适宜的酸是冰醋酸、浓盐酸和硫酸。
所述催化剂优选是冰醋酸与浓盐酸的混合物。水解在约25℃至约100℃的温度下进行约1小时至约20小时。
优选在约100℃的温度下进行约2小时。
当为碱水解时,反应的时间和温度与酸水解时大致相同。适宜的碱催化剂包括I族金属醇盐、氢氧化钠、氢氧化锂和氢氧化钾。
通常,水解反应包括适量的水,如本领域技术人员所熟知的。
化合物III的氢化可在约14psi至约50psi的氢气压力下进行。优选压力为约40psi。适宜的氢化催化剂包括披钯炭、披铂炭和阮内镍。优选的催化剂为5%披钯炭。
式III化合物的合成首先通过使式IV化合物与3-乙氧基丙烯腈缩合、之后通过加热使环原位闭合而进行。该反应在乙酸钯(II)、三环己基膦、碱和水混溶性溶剂的存在下进行。
在优选的实施方案中,式I化合物为茚满-1,3-二甲酸。
发明详述
本发明提供了按照流程图1来制备茚满-1,3-二甲酸及其衍生物的方法。在该方法的第一步,使式IV化合物在乙酸钯(II)、三环己基膦和碱的存在下于水混溶性溶剂中与3-乙氧基丙烯腈缩合。最初,形成中间体式IVa的二腈,不进行分离。通过加热使式IVa二腈环化为式III化合物。然后,将所得的茚二腈(IID氢化为相应的茚满化合物II。使式II化合物在酸或碱催化剂的水溶液的存在下水解,最终形成式I的二甲酸。
流程图1
其中R1和R2独立地选自氢、C1-C5烷基、C1-C5烷氧基、三氟甲基、卤素、磺酰烷基、烷基氨基、酰氨基、酯基、芳基烷基、杂烷基和芳基烷氧基。
本发明的二甲酸化合物是合成某些式V的芳基稠合氮杂多环化合物的有用中间体,
其中R1和R2独立地选自氢、C1-C5烷基、C1-C5烷氧基、三氟甲基、卤素、磺酰烷基、烷基氨基、酰氨基、酯基、芳基烷基、杂烷基和芳基烷氧基,且其中R3为C1-C6烷基。该部分内容在美国专利US 6,410,551 BI中公开,所述专利引入本文作为参考。
根据流程图2中所描述的反应步骤,本文中公开的茚满-1,3-二甲酸是制备式V化合物的有用中间体。所提出的可提供合成式V化合物的另一途径的方法基于Mazzocchi,P.H.,J.Med.Chem.第22卷,第4期,455(1979)中所报道的反应序列。
流程图2
参考流程图2,通过于100℃用乙酸酐处理,使式I的二甲酸环化为相应的酸酐。式Ⅱ酸酐在浓NH4OH中转化为环状二酰亚胺III。然后用氢化铝锂使二酰亚胺III还原为式V的环胺。
具体的式V化合物的实例是下述化合物:
4-乙炔基-5-氯-10-氮杂-三环[6.3.02,7]十二-2(7),3,5-三烯;
3-三氟甲基-10-氮杂-三环[6.3.02,7]十-二-2(7),3,5-三烯;
4,5-双(三氟甲基)-10-氮杂-三环[6.3.1.02,7]十二-2(7),3,5-三烯;
4-氯-5-三氟甲基-10-氮杂-三环[6.3.1.02,7]十二-2(7),3,5-三烯;
4-氨基-10-氮杂-三环[6.3.1.02,7]十二-2(7),3,5-三烯;
4-硝基-10-氮杂-三环[6.3.02,7]十二-2(7),3,5-三烯;
4-甲基-10-氮杂-三环[6.3.02,7]十二-2(7),3,5-三烯;
4-氟-10-氮杂-三环[6.3.02,7]十二-2(7),3,5-三烯;
4-三氟甲基-10-氮杂-三环[6.3.02,7]十二-2(7),3,5-三烯;
4,5-二氟-10-氮杂-三环[6.3.02,7]十-二-2(7),3,5-三烯;
及其可药用盐。
式V化合物与神经元的烟碱型乙酰胆碱特异性受体位点结合,用于调节胆碱能功能。该化合物可用于治疗炎性肠病(包括但不限于溃疡性结肠炎、坏疽性脓皮病和节段性回肠炎)、肠易激综合征、痉挛性张力障碍、慢性痛、急性痛、乳糜泻、隐窝炎、血管收缩、焦虑症、惊恐障碍、抑郁症、双相性精神障碍、孤独症、睡眠障碍、时差综合征、肌萎缩性侧索硬化(ALS)、认知功能障碍、高血压、贪食症、厌食症、肥胖症、心律失常、胃酸分泌过多、溃疡、嗜铬细胞瘤、进行性核上性麻痹、化学药品依赖和成瘾(例如,对尼古丁(和/或烟草制品)、酒精、苯并二氮类、巴比妥类、阿片类或可卡因的依赖)、头痛、偏头痛、中风、创伤性脑损伤(TBI)、强迫症(OCD)、精神病、亨廷顿氏舞蹈病、迟发性运动障碍、运动功能亢进、诵读困难、精神分裂症、多发性脑梗死性痴呆、年龄相关性认知衰退、癫痫症、包括失神性癫痫小发作、阿尔茨海默型老年性痴呆(AD)、帕金森氏病(PD)、注意缺陷障碍(ADHD)以及Tourette’s综合征。
式V化合物及其可药用盐(下文称为″活性化合物″)可经口服、透皮(例如通过使用贴剂)、鼻内、舌下、直肠、肠胃道外或局部途径施用。优选经透皮和口服施用。最希望这些化合物以每天约0.01mg至高达约1500mg、优选每天约0.1至约300mg的剂量单次或分开施用,尽管有必要根据所治疗患者的体重和情形以及所选择的具体给药途径而改变剂量。然而,最希望采用约0.001至约10mg/kg体重/天的剂量水平。剂量仍然可根据所治疗患者的体重和情形以及他们对所述药物的个体响应,以及所选择药物制剂的类型和所述给药进行的时间周期和间隔而进行变化。在某些情形下,低于上述范围下限的剂量或许已经足够,而在其它情形下还可能可采用较高剂量而不产生任何有害的副作用,其前提是该较高剂量首先被分为若干份小剂量,用于全天施用。
活性化合物可经前述若干途径中的任何一种单独或与可药用的载体或稀释剂组合施用。更具体而言,活性化合物可以以多种不同剂型施用,例如,它们与多种可药用惰性载体以片剂、胶囊剂、透皮贴剂、锭剂、药片、硬糖果、粉末、喷雾剂、霜剂、药膏、栓剂、胶冻剂、凝胶剂、糊剂、洗剂、软膏、含水悬浮液、注射溶液、酏剂或糖浆等形式组合。所述载体包括固体稀释剂或填充剂、无菌水介质以及各种无毒的有机溶剂。此外,口服药物组合物可适当地增甜和/或矫味。通常,活性化合物在这类剂型中的浓度为约5.0%至约70%重量。
对于口服施用,片剂可含有多种赋形剂、崩解剂、润滑剂和填充剂。用于口服施用的含水悬浮液可结合有矫味剂、着色剂和稀释剂。
对于胃肠道外施用,活性化合物的溶液可适当地缓冲,并且可用植物油或丙二醇稀释。
提供下述实施例来进一步说明本发明,而非用于限制所请求的发明的范围。
实施例1
茚-1,3-二甲腈
在火焰干燥的三颈烧瓶中加入乙酸钯(II)(0.175g,0.78mmol)和三环己基膦(0.328g,1.17mmol)。充入氮气半个小时,然后加入20ml无水THF并另外搅拌30分钟。冷却至0℃,然后缓慢加入叔丁醇钠(9.41g,96.5mmol)并于0℃搅拌1小时。在添加漏斗中装入2-溴氰化苯(5.06ml,39mmol)、3-乙氧基丙烯腈(4.01ml,30mmol)和5ml无水THF的溶液。将该溶液非常缓慢地滴加至钯溶液中。于室温下搅拌30分钟。
在70℃以上的油浴中加热该溶液。当溶液达到45℃时,发生放热反应。等候直至沸腾停止。继续加热至70℃。反应在30分钟内完成。冷却至室温。
加入75ml水和75ml CH2Cl2。分离有机层,并用另外的25ml CH2Cl2洗涤水层。用HCl水溶液(5M)将水层pH调低至1。用4×30ml EtOAc萃取水层,并用盐水洗涤所合并的萃取液。经MgSO4干燥,通过Cellite过滤,并减压浓缩,得到褐色固体(13.8g)。由MeOH重结晶,得到米白色粉末(7.062g,54.5%)。
C11H6N2的分析计算值:C,79.44;H,3.61;N,16.85。实测值:C,79.41;H,3.61;N,16.60。
1H NMR光谱分析
化学位移ppm | 峰裂数 | 偶合常数Hz | 积分 | 归属 |
12.96 | 单峰 | - | 1 | e,e’ |
7.35 | 多重峰 | - | 2 | b,b’ |
7.23 | 单峰 | - | 1 | g |
6.87 | 多重峰 | - | 2 | a,a’ |
实施例2
茚满-1,3-二甲腈
在装有Pd/C(10%wt)的parr瓶中加入1(5.00g,30.08mmol)和200mlEtOAc。充入N2和H2并在40psi的H2压力下于室温(RT)氢化。在2小时内,反应完成。该溶液经Cellite过滤并减压浓缩,得到褐色固体(5.63g,111.2%)。在MeOH中重结晶,得到白粉色固体(2.56g,50.59%)。再次将滤液减压浓缩并将所得褐色固体重结晶,得到粉白色固体(0.576g,61.97%,对于总产率为11.38%)。
C11H8N2的分析计算值:C,78.55;H,4.79;N,16.66。实测值:C,78.55;H,4.55;N,16.37。
1H NMR光谱分析
化学位移ppm | 峰裂数 | 偶合常数Hz | 积分 | 归属 |
7.49 | 多重峰 | - | 2 | b,b’ |
7.43 | 多重峰 | - | 2 | a,a’ |
4.58 | 三重峰 | 8.089 | 2 | e,e’ |
2.99 | 两个三重峰 | 12.857 | 2 | g |
8.502 |
实施例3
茚满-1,3-二甲酸
在圆底烧瓶中加入2(1.50g,9.03mmol)以及冰醋酸(7.5ml)和浓盐酸(7.5ml)。加热至100℃。2小时后,将反应混合物冷却至室温并用50ml水稀释。水层用EtOAc(30,2×20ml)萃取。有机层用饱和碳酸氢盐溶液(5×30ml)萃取。用5M HCl将pH调低至1并用EtOAc(30,2×20ml)萃取。用盐水洗涤、干燥并减压浓缩,得到黄色固体(1.23g,66.1%)。使该黄色固体(1.23g)在50ml热的二甲苯(98℃)中悬浮2小时。冷却至0℃,过滤并用己烷洗涤,得到白黄色固体(1.03g,55.3%)
C11H6O4的分析计算值:C,65.03;H,3.47;N,0.0。实测值:C,63.86;H,4.69;N,0.37。
1H NMR光谱分析
化学位移ppm | 峰裂数 | 偶合常数Hz | 积分 | 归属 |
7.42 | 多重峰 | - | 2 | b,b’ |
7.25 | 多重峰 | - | 2 | a,a’ |
4.18 | 三重峰 | 7.051 | 2 | e,e’ |
4.11 | 三重峰 | 8.089 | ||
4.04 | 三重峰 | 8.502 | ||
2.70 | 三重峰 | 8.502 | 2 | g |
Claims (10)
1.制备式I化合物的方法,
其中R1和R2独立地选自氢、C1-C5烷基、C1-C5烷氧基、三氟甲基、卤素、磺酰烷基、烷基氨基、酰氨基、酯基、芳基烷基、杂烷基和芳基烷氧基,该方法包括使式II化合物在酸或碱催化剂的存在下水解,
其中R1和R2独立地选自氢、C1-C5烷基、C1-C5烷氧基、三氟甲基、卤素、磺酰烷基、烷基氨基、酰氨基、酯基、芳基烷基、杂烷基和芳基烷氧基。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述催化剂是包含冰醋酸与浓盐酸的混合物的酸催化剂。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中所述化合物为茚满-1,3-二甲酸。
5.权利要求4的方法,其中所述氢化催化剂为披钯炭。
7.权利要求6的方法,其中所述碱为叔丁醇钠。
8.权利要求6的方法,其中所述水混溶性溶剂为四氢呋喃。
9.权利要求5的方法,其中所述氢化催化剂为5%披钯炭。
10.权利要求1的方法,其中所述催化剂为选自I族金属醇盐、氢氧化钠、氢氧化锂和氢氧化钾的碱催化剂。
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CN1293031C (zh) | 2007-01-03 |
US20050240057A1 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
TWI283239B (en) | 2007-07-01 |
WO2004046077A8 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
RU2282615C2 (ru) | 2006-08-27 |
MXPA05005366A (es) | 2005-08-03 |
WO2004046077A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
JP2006506432A (ja) | 2006-02-23 |
RS20050366A (en) | 2007-12-31 |
AU2003274627A1 (en) | 2004-06-15 |
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DK1565421T3 (da) | 2008-09-22 |
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AU2003274627B2 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
ES2307974T3 (es) | 2008-12-01 |
ATE402134T1 (de) | 2008-08-15 |
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