CN1708540A - 喜树碱的高分子衍生物 - Google Patents
喜树碱的高分子衍生物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1708540A CN1708540A CNA2003801025487A CN200380102548A CN1708540A CN 1708540 A CN1708540 A CN 1708540A CN A2003801025487 A CNA2003801025487 A CN A2003801025487A CN 200380102548 A CN200380102548 A CN 200380102548A CN 1708540 A CN1708540 A CN 1708540A
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- Prior art keywords
- camptothecine
- high molecular
- group
- acid
- optional substituent
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G81/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
- C07D491/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
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- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/4738—Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4745—Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems condensed with ring systems having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. phenantrolines
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Abstract
本发明的目的是提供喜树碱的水溶性衍生物,它具有优异的治疗效果,适合用于癌症的化学治疗。也就是说,喜树碱的水溶性高分子等衍生物,通过聚乙二醇-聚羧酸聚合物中的羧酸基团与酚喜树碱中的酚羟基之间的酯连接而获得,具有优良的持续释放效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及喜树碱的高分子衍生物及其制备方法和用途。
技术背景
喜树碱是植物,如原产于中国的喜树中所含的一种抗肿瘤生物碱,它在水中的溶解性极差,因此已研究的是其医用水溶性衍生物。此外,已知在苯环上引入取代基,如羟基、烷氧基、氨基等会增强其效果(非专利文献1)。
例如,专利文献1和专利文献2所指的喜树碱高分子衍生物,上面连有聚乙二醇,作为药物前体。这些专利报道了对聚乙二醇部分分子量的优化,同时强调了将聚乙二醇部分连接于喜树碱的间隔臂。在上述衍生物存在于生物体内时,需要该间隔臂稳定存在,仅在到达目标区时将其快速切断。据这些文献判断,醇的纯酯键类型化合物在目标区的水解速率很慢,因而不能得到足够的药物浓度,并介绍了在目标区容易水解的间隔臂。
CPT-11(7-乙基-10-哌啶子基哌啶子基羰氧基喜树碱)是已知的水溶性喜树碱衍生物(非专利文献1)。
此外,专利文献3介绍了键连接聚谷氨酸的高分子喜树碱衍生物。
另一方面,专利文献4和非专利文献2表明,将药物连接到聚乙二醇和聚天门冬氨酸的嵌段共聚物上得到的分子团簇可形成胶束,从而提高了其水溶性并增加了每个聚合物分子上的药物含量。专利文献5表明,将抗癌物质连接到聚乙二醇和聚谷氨酸的嵌段共聚物的侧链羧酸上,可以得到聚合物抗癌剂。专利文献6表明,将疏水性物质连接到聚乙二醇和酸性氨基酸聚合物的嵌段共聚物的侧链羧酸上,可得到聚合物药物载体。但是,专利文献4、专利文献5和专利文献6都没有介绍喜树碱的连接化合物。
文献清单
专利文献1:日本专利申请公开(KOHYO)10-513187
专利文献2:日本专利申请公开(KOHYO)2000-517304
专利文献3:国际出版物WO01/70275单行本
专利文献4:日本专利2694923
专利文献5:日本专利申请公开(KOKAI)5-955
专利文献6:日本专利3268913
非专利文献1:S.Miyasaka等,抗癌试剂,Irinotecan,Gendai Kagaku,1999年10月发布,Tokyo Kagaku Dozin,pp.58-66
非专利文献2:T.Nakanishi等,阿霉素聚合物胶束载体系统的开发,控制释放杂志,2001,74,Elsevier,pp.295-302
专利文献1和专利文献2中所述的载有连接的聚乙二醇的药物前体,因结构原因只能在每个聚乙二醇分子上连接1-2个药物分子,因此,对于有效剂量的药物,需使用大量的聚合物。
CPT-11是喜树碱的水溶性衍生物,它具有严重的副作用,不是易于使用的药物,因而需要新的喜树碱衍生物。
在专利文献4、专利文献5和非专利文献2中特别介绍的连接有阿霉素的化合物中,嵌段共聚物和阿霉素残基通过酰胺键连接,酰胺键是一种稳定的连接键。但实际上,如非专利文献2中所述,所连的阿霉素不具有抗肿瘤活性。
发明概述
本发明者付出了大量精力来解决上述问题,结果发现了高分子量喜树碱衍生物,它是将聚乙烯醇和含有侧链羧酸基团的聚合物组成的共聚物中的羧酸基团通过苯基酯结构连接于酚喜树碱,从而导致了本发明。
也就是说,本发明涉及:
(1)喜树碱的高分量衍生物,在其结构中,聚乙二醇与侧链含有羧酸基团的聚合物形成的共聚物中的羧酸基团与酚喜树碱中的酚羟基通过酯键相连;
(2)如(1)所述喜树碱的高分子量衍生物,其中聚乙二醇与侧链含有羧酸基团的聚合物形成的共聚物,是聚乙二醇与侧链含有羧酸基团的聚合物形成的嵌段共聚物;
(3)如(1)或(2)所述喜树碱的高分子量衍生物,其中侧链含有羧酸基团的聚合物是酸性氨基酸聚合物;
(4)如(1)所述喜树碱的高分子量衍生物,其中酸性氨基酸聚合物是聚谷氨酸或聚天门冬氨酸;
(5)通式I所示的喜树碱高分子量衍生物:
其中R1表示氢原子或任选含有取代基的(C1-C6)烷基;t表示5-11500之间的整数;A表示键合基团;d+e+f表示3-200之间的整数;R2表示氢原子或任选含有取代基的(C1-C6)烷基或任选含有取代基的甲硅烷基;R3表示氢原子或任选含有取代基的(C1-C6)烷基;R4可以相同或不同,表示任选含有取代基的(C1-C20)烷氧基,任选含有取代基的(C1-C20)烷基氨基,任选含有取代基的二(C1-C20)烷基氨基,或任选含有取代基的(C1-C20)烷基氨基羰基(C1-C20)烷基氨基;P表示氢原子,(C1-C6)酰基或(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基;
(6)如(5)所述喜树碱的高分子量衍生物,其中,R1是任选含有取代基的(C1-C4)烷基;t是100-300之间的整数;A是(C2-C6)亚烷基;d+e+f是6-60之间的整数,d的比例为0-60%,e的比例为0-60%,f的比例为1-100%(基于d+e+f);R2是氢原子或任选含有取代基的(C1-C4)烷基;R3是氢原子或没有取代基的(C1-C4)烷基;R4可以相同或不同,是任选含有取代基的(C1-C8)烷氧基,任选含有取代基的(C1-C8)烷基氨基,任选含有取代基的二(C1-C8)烷基氨基,或任选含有取代基的(C1-C8)烷基氨基羰基(C1-C8)烷基氨基;P是(C2-C4)酰基;
(7)如(6)所述喜树碱的高分子量衍生物,其中,R1是甲基;A是三亚甲基;R2是氢原子;R3是二甲基氨基甲基;R4是异丙基氨基羰基异丙基氨基;P是乙酰基;
(8)如(6)所述喜树碱的高分子量衍生物,其中,R1是甲基;A是三亚甲基;R2是乙基;R3是氢原子;R4是异丙基氨基羰基异丙基氨基;P是乙酰基;
(9)喜树碱的高分子量衍生物,其制备方法是,采用缩合剂使聚乙二醇和聚氨基谷氨酸或聚天门冬氨酸的共聚物与酚喜树碱在有机溶剂中反应;
(10)制备如(1)-(8)中任意一项所述喜树碱的高分子量衍生物的方法,该方法包括采用缩合剂使聚乙二醇和侧链含有羧酸基团的聚合物形成的共聚物中的羧酸基团,与酚喜树碱中的酚羟基通过酯键相连;
(11)一种抗癌试剂,包含有如(1)-(9)中任意一项所述喜树碱高分子量衍生物。
附图简要说明
图1是在没有水解酶时药物释放量的曲线图,以占实施例3中药物总量的比例表示。横坐标代表时间,纵坐标代表释放量。
图2是小鼠血浆存在下药物释放量的曲线图,以占实施例3中药物总量的比例表示。横坐标代表时间,纵坐标代表释放量。
本发明最佳实施方式
本发明喜树碱的高分子量衍生物的特征在于它具有这样一种结构,其中酚喜树碱中的酚羟基与聚乙二醇和侧链含有羧酸基团的聚合物形成的共聚物中的羧酸基团通过苯基酯键相连。
在本发明中,酚喜树碱指含有酚羟基的喜树碱衍生物,它不受特别限制。上述酚羟基可与喜树碱骨架中的芳环部分连接,具体说,可以连接到选自其9位、10位、11位和12位中任何1-4个位置。上述酚喜树碱的具体例子包括7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱、拓扑替康(topotecan)(9-二甲基氨基甲基-10-羟基喜树碱,由Glaxo Smith-Kline K.K.生产)等。
本发明中聚乙二醇和侧链含有羧酸基团的聚合物形成的共聚物包括接枝聚合物、嵌段共聚物等。
接枝聚合物包括通过以下方法获得的聚合物:使聚乙二醇与丙烯酸的缩合物与丙烯酸或马来酸酐等发生共聚反应,如果必要的话,使它们发生水解反应等,例如日本专利申请公开(KOKAI)11-279083中所述。嵌段聚合物包括通过使末端有官能团的聚乙二醇与末端有官能团的聚羧酸键连接获得的聚合物,和通过使引发聚合反应的氨基酸活化化合物与末端含有氨基的聚乙二醇发生聚合反应获得的聚合物,如专利文献5中所述。
本发明的聚乙二醇还包括两端修饰的或一端修饰的聚乙二醇,两端的修饰基团可以相同或不同。末端改性基团包括任选含有取代基的(C1-C6)烷基。任选含有取代基的(C1-C6)烷基宜包括任选含有取代基的(C1-C4)烷基,具体例子包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、苄基、二甲氧基乙基、二乙氧基乙基等。
聚乙二醇部分的分子量通常约为300-500000,宜约为500-100000,更宜约为1000-50000。
每分子聚乙二醇和侧链含有羧酸基团的聚合物形成的共聚物中羧酸基团的数目宜为3-200,更宜为6-60。羧酸基团的数目通过用碱中和滴定来测定。在此程序中,当诸如喜树碱等取代基连接于羧酸基团时,羧酸基团的数目可在水解后测定。
本发明中聚乙二醇和侧链含有羧酸基团的聚合物形成的共聚物的分子量通常约为500-500000,宜约为600-100000,更宜约为800-80000。
本说明书中的分子量指用GPC方法测定的重均分子量。
在本发明中,连接于聚乙二醇和侧链含有羧酸基团的聚合物形成的共聚物的喜树碱数目不受特别限制,只要该数量能够显示出药效,通常为聚合物中总羧酸基团数目的1-100%,宜为10-90%。
本发明中喜树碱的高分子量衍生物还包括具有前体药物效果的衍生物。
聚乙二醇和侧链含有羧酸基团的聚合物组成的共聚物宜为嵌段共聚物,更宜为酸性氨基酸聚合物与聚乙二醇的嵌段共聚物。例如,侧链含有羧酸基团的聚合物包括聚丙烯酸、聚甲基丙烯酸、聚苹果酸、聚天门冬氨酸、聚谷氨酸等,优选聚天门冬氨酸、聚谷氨酸等。
本发明中侧链含有羧酸基团的聚合物和聚乙二醇形成的嵌段共聚物的例子包括烷氧基聚乙二醇-聚丙烯酸、烷氧基聚乙二醇-聚甲基丙烯酸、烷氧基聚乙二醇-聚谷氨酸、烷氧基聚乙二醇-聚天门冬氨酸等。嵌段共聚物的优选实例包括(C1-C4)烷氧基聚乙二醇-聚天门冬氨酸或(C1-C4)烷氧基聚乙二醇-聚谷氨酸等。
此外,本发明中通过酚喜树碱连接于聚乙二醇和酸性氨基酸聚合物形成的嵌段共聚物的喜树碱高分子量衍生物包括,例如具有上述通式(I)的化合物[其中R1表示氢原子或任选含有取代基的(C1-C6)烷基;t表示5-11500之间的整数;A表示键合基团;d+e+f表示3-200之间的整数;R2表示氢原子、任选含有取代基的(C1-C6)烷基或任选含有取代基的甲硅烷基;R3表示氢原子或任选含有取代基的(C1-C6)烷基;R4可以相同或不同,表示任选含有取代基的(C1-C20)烷氧基,任选含有取代基的(C1-C20)烷基氨基,任选含有取代基的二(C1-C20)烷基氨基,或任选含有取代基的(C1-C20)烷基氨基羰基(C1-C20)烷基氨基;P表示氢原子,(C1-C6)酰基或(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基]。
在通式(I)中,R1所代表的任选含有取代基的(C1-C6)烷基包括任选含有取代基的直链或支链(C1-C6)烷基,宜为任选含有取代基的直链或支链(C1-C4)烷基,具体例子包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、苄基、2,2-二甲氧基乙基、2,2-二乙氧基乙基等,特别优选甲基。
通式(I)中A所代表的连接基团是聚乙二醇和酸性氨基酸聚合物的连接部分,不受特别限制,只要它不影响生理活性,宜为(C2-C6)亚烷基,具体例子包括亚乙基、三亚甲基、亚丁基等,特别优选三亚甲基。
通式(I)中R2所代表的任选含有取代基的(C1-C6)烷基包括直链或支链(C1-C6)烷基,宜为直链或支链(C1-C4)烷基,具体例子包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基等。取代基包括氨基、(C1-C3)烷基氨基、二(C1-C3)烷基氨基等。
例如,通式(I)中R2所代表的任选含有取代基的甲硅烷基包括(1,1-二甲基乙基)二甲基甲硅烷基等。
具体说,通式(I)中的R2是氢原子、甲基、乙基、二甲基氨基甲基、2-[(1-甲基乙基)氨基]乙基、2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙基、(4-甲基-1-哌啶基)甲基、[(2,3-二脱氧-α-D-赤型己基-2-烯醇吡喃糖基)氧基]甲基等。R2宜为氢原子或乙基。
通式(I)中R3所代表的任选含有取代基的(C1-C6)烷基,包含的基团与上述R2所代表的(C1-C6)烷基相同。其中的取代基包括与上述R2所代表的任选含有取代基的(C1-C6)烷基中的取代基相同。
具体说,通式(I)中的R3包括氢原子、甲基、乙基、二甲基氨基甲基、2-[(1-甲基乙基)氨基]乙基等。R3宜为氢原子或二甲基氨基甲基。
通式(I)中R4所代表的任选含有取代基的(C1-C20)烷氧基宜为任选含有取代基的(C1-C8)烷氧基,具体例子包括甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、苯甲氧基、苯乙氧基等。
通式(I)中R4所代表的任选含有取代基的(C1-C20)烷基氨基宜为任选含有取代基的(C1-8)烷基氨基,具体例子包括甲基氨基、乙基氨基、丙基氨基、异丙基氨基、苄基氨基、乙酰氨基等。羧基受到保护的氨基酸基团也是允许的。
通式(I)中R4所代表的任选含有取代基的(C1-C20)烷基氨基宜为任选含有取代基的二(C1-8)烷基氨基,具体例子包括N,N-二甲基氨基、N,N-二乙基氨基、N,N-二丙基氨基、N,N-二异丙基氨基、N,N-二苄基氨基、N-甲基-N-苄基氨基等。
通式(I)中R4所代表的任选含有取代基的(C1-C20)烷基氨基羰基(C1-C20)烷基氨基基团是N(R5)CONHR6[R5和R6为(C1-C20)烷基,它们可以相同或不同],宜为任选含有取代基的(C1-C8)烷基氨基羰基(C1-C8)烷基氨基,具体例子包括甲基氨基羰基甲基氨基、乙基氨基羰基乙基氨基、异丙基氨基羰基异丙基氨基、环己基氨基羰基环己基氨基等。
通式(I)中P所代表的(C1-C6)酰基不受特别限制,例如,可以是甲酰基、乙酰基、丙酰基、新戊酰基等,优选乙酰基。
通式(I)中P所代表的(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基不受特别限制,例如,可以是甲氧基羰基、乙氧基羰基、叔丁氧基羰基等。
通式(I)中的d、e和f各为整数,且d+e+f是3-200之间的整数,宜为6-60之间的整数,更宜为6-40之间的整数。在d+e+f中,d的比例宜为0-60%,更宜为5-50%,最好为15-40%,e的比例宜为0-60%,更宜为0-40%,f的比例为1-100%,宜为10-90%,更宜为30-70%。在通式(I)的化合物中,聚谷氨酸连接于喜树碱和其他基团,游离聚谷氨酸可以是嵌段型或无规型聚合物。d+e+f是一分子上述聚合物中羧酸基团的总数目,可根据耗用的原料数量和上述中和滴定法测定。例如,该聚合物中与喜树碱相连的谷氨酸基团的数目f,可通过紫外线吸收光谱的强度测定。当喜树碱的高分子量衍生物形成胶束时,与R4连接的谷氨酸基团的数目可在分解该胶束的条件下通过测定氢核磁共振谱,并从所得信号的强度比例计算来测定。
通式(I)中的t通常是约为5-11500之间的整数,宜约为8-2300之间,更宜约为16-1200之间,最好约为100-300之间的整数。例如,上述t可根据羧酸基团总数,通过从含有聚乙二醇部分和侧链羧酸基团的聚合物的分子量中减去含有侧链羧酸基团的那部分聚合物的分子量而测定。
上述聚乙二醇和连有喜树碱的聚谷氨酸的嵌段共聚物在水中可形成胶束,它有一个由聚乙二醇形成的外壳。
本发明喜树碱的高分子量衍生物可这样制备,例如,使聚乙二醇-聚谷氨酸嵌段共聚物与含有酚羟基的喜树碱在二者均能溶解的溶剂中反应,其中聚乙二醇-聚谷氨酸嵌段共聚物按照专利文献5所述方法制备,喜树碱中如果存在可导致副反应发生的活性基团,则保护该活性基团,所述溶剂宜为有机溶剂,更宜为水溶性极性溶剂,如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮(DMI)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)等,反应温度通常为0-180℃,宜为5-50℃,采用缩合剂如二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)、二异丙基碳二亚胺(DIPC)、盐酸1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺(WSC)、1-乙氧基羰基-2-乙氧基-1,2-二羟基喹啉酮(EEDQ)、二叔丁基二碳酸酯((BOC)2O)等。在上述缩合反应中,可以采用反应辅剂,如N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)等。反应之后,如果必要,可进行去保护,并进行分离等常规操作,而得到本发明喜树碱的高分子量衍生物。
但是,本发明喜树碱的高分子量衍生物的制备方法不限于上述方法。
该高分子量衍生物中诸单体的组成可通过调节反应条件控制。例如,通过改变缩合剂,具体地说,通过采用EEDQ或(BOC)2O等作为缩合剂的酯活化方法,或者通过采用氯氧化磷等进行的酸氯化物形成法,可以将通式(I)化合物中与喜树碱以外的基团相连的聚谷氨酸的数目d调节至0。此外,通过采用上述碳二亚胺作为缩合剂的反应,也可以得到R4为烷基氨基羰基烷基氨基的喜树碱高分子量衍生物。
将R4引入通式(I)化合物的方法中,共聚物的羧酸基团通过上述方法活化,然后在碱性条件下加入一定量的醇、胺等进行反应;或者醇和胺预先活化,然后再与聚合物反应;等等。此外,聚合物纯化之后,可用同样的反应使聚合物中未反应的羧酸基团再活化,然后与含有酚羟基的喜树碱缩合。或者,当与其他醇、胺等重复反应时可合成各种取代基R4的混合物,最后可缩合含有酚羟基的喜树碱。
本发明的喜树碱高分子量衍生物可用作抗癌剂。据估计,本发明的喜树碱高分子量衍生物在体内主要释放作为前体药物的喜树碱,它具有抗癌活性。本发明的喜树碱高分子量衍生物可配制成剂量形式通常用作例如注射液、片剂、粉末等。在配方中,通常可能要采用药学上可接受的运载体,如粘结剂、润滑剂、崩解剂、溶剂、赋形剂、增溶剂、分散剂、稳定剂、悬浮剂、防腐剂、光滑剂、染料、香料等。就注射液而言,一般要用溶剂。例如,所述溶剂有水;生理盐水;5%葡萄糖或甘露醇液;水溶性有机溶剂,如甘油、乙醇、二甲基亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、聚乙二醇、Cremophor等,它们的混合物,水与上述水溶性有机溶剂的混合物等。
本发明的喜树碱高分子量衍生物的剂量自然应根据患者的性别、年龄、生理状况、疾病情况等改变,成人一般每天肠胃外给予活性成分的剂量为0.01-500mg/m2(体表面积),宜为0.1-250mg/m2。注射可经静脉、动脉、局部(肿瘤部分)等给药。
实施例
下面的具体实施例进一步具体阐述了本发明,但本发明不限于这些实施例。
实施例1
化合物1的合成(分子量约为12000的甲氧基聚乙二醇与聚合度约为28的聚谷氨酸形成的嵌段共聚物与7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱的缩合物):通式(I)中,R1=Me,A=三亚甲基,d+e+f=约28,t=约273,R2=Et,R3=H,P=Ac)
将下面参照实施例1中所述甲氧基聚乙二醇-聚谷氨酸嵌段共聚物(210mg)与用日本专利出版物62-47193中所述方法制备的7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱(80mg)溶解在DMF(14m1)中,加入DMAP(13.5mg)和DIPC(0.116ml),室温搅拌混合物20小时。向反应液体中加入乙醇(40ml)和二异丙醚(160ml),室温搅拌混合物30分钟,然后过滤得到沉淀物,用乙醇/二异丙醚(1/4(v/v),150ml)洗涤。将所得沉淀溶解在乙腈/水(1/3(v/v),40ml)中,然后通过离子交换树脂柱(Dowex50(H+),5ml),用乙/水(1/3(v/v),40ml)洗提。减压蒸馏除去所得洗提组分中的乙腈,然后冻干,得到化合物1(270mg)。在化合物1的聚谷氨酸部分连接喜树碱和异丙基氨基羰基异丙基氨基基团。该化合物中喜树碱的含量根据它在DMF溶液中330nm处的吸光度测定,发现比例为25.4%(w/w)。关于异丙基氨基羰基异丙基氨基基团的含量,在含有氘化钠的重水-丙烯腈-d3混合溶液中测定喜树碱高分子量衍生物的氢核磁共振谱,从信号强度比和上述喜树碱的含量计算得到其含量为3.0%(w/w)。这样,d的比例为15.5%,f的比例为48.4%(基于d+e+f)。上面得到的化合物1用高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析,游离喜树碱的含量为0.3%或更低。
实施例2
化合物2的合成(分子量约为12000的单甲氧基聚乙二醇与聚合度约为7的聚谷氨酸形成的嵌段共聚物与7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱的缩合物):通式(I)中,R1=Me,A=三亚甲基,d+e+f=约7,t=约273,R2=Et,R3=H,P=Ac)
将下面参照实施例2中所述甲氧基聚乙二醇-聚谷氨酸嵌段共聚物(797mg)与用日本专利出版物62-47193中所述方法制备的7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱(80mg)溶解在DMF(14ml)中,加入DMAP(16.6mg)和DIPC(0.142ml),室温搅拌混合物20小时。向反应液体中加入乙醇(40ml)和二异丙醚(160ml),室温搅拌混合物30分钟,然后过滤得到沉淀物,用乙醇/二异丙醚(1/4(v/v),150ml)洗涤。将所得沉淀溶解在乙腈/水(1/3(v/v),40ml)中,然后通过离子交换树脂柱(Dowex50(H+),5ml),用乙腈/水(1/3(v/v),40ml)洗提。减压蒸馏除去所得洗提组分中的乙腈,然后冻干,得到化合物2(818mg)。该化合物中喜树碱的含量根据它在DMF溶液中330nm处的吸光度测定,发现比例为9.6%(w/w)。异丙基氨基羰基异丙基氨基基团的含量用与实施例1相同的方法测定,发现为1.5%(w/w)。这样,d的比例为20.3%,f的比例为47.2%(基于d+e+f)。上面得到的化合物2用高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析,游离喜树碱的含量为0.2%或更低。
实施例3(在没有水解酶时药物的释放)
将实施例1和2中制备的喜树碱高分子量衍生物分别溶解在PBS(磷酸盐缓冲盐水;pH为7.1)中,37℃培育。分离该高分子量衍生物释放的7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱,用HPLC测定。与这种治疗方法的标准曲线作对比,计算出7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱的量。其值见图1,它是对高分子量药物前体的药物含量测定的总药量的比例。图1表明,从本发明喜树碱高分子量衍生物持续释放的药物不依赖于水解酶。
实施例4(小鼠血浆存在时药物的释放)
将实施例1和2中制备的喜树碱高分子量衍生物分别溶于5%葡萄糖水溶液中,然后按4倍于5%葡萄糖水溶液的量(v/v)加入小鼠(雄性)血浆,37℃培育。逐渐取出0.1ml溶液,加入甲醇/乙腈(1/1(v/v),0.4ml),以除去蛋白质,然后分离从高分子量衍生物中释放出来的7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱,用HPLC测定。与这种治疗方法的标准曲线作对比,计算出7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱的量。其值见图2,它是对高分子量药物前体的药物含量测定的总药量的比例。图2表明,本发明的喜树碱高分子量衍生物也持续释放药物到血浆中。
实施例5(抗肿瘤作用)
将在小鼠皮下连续培养的小鼠结肠癌Colon 26肿瘤切成大小约2mm的方块,用套管针移植到小鼠皮下。肿瘤移植7天后,将本发明的喜树碱高分子量衍生物和作为对照药物的CPT-11分别溶解在5%葡萄糖水溶液中,经静脉一次注射给药。给药后,隔2-3天用卡尺测量肿瘤的主轴(Lmm)和次轴(Wmm),根据(L×W2)/2计算肿瘤的体积,相对肿瘤体积以开始给药那天的体积为基准计算(表1)。作为毒性指标,还测定了体重的变化(表2)。结果与CPT-11相比,本发明的喜树碱高分子量衍生物毒性(体重下降)很小,并且显示了更好的抗肿瘤作用。与药量较少的高分子量喜树碱衍生物(化合物2)相比,含药量越大的喜树碱高分子量衍生物(化合物1),较小的用量即具有较高的抗肿瘤作用。
表1
剂量 | 用药后的天数 | ||||||
0 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 14 | |
未治疗组 | 1.0 | 2.5 | 8.1 | 12.8 | 14.5 | 15.5 | 14.3 |
化合物1 45.0mg/kg | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 2.6 |
22.5mg/kg | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 7.2 | 8.5 |
化合物2 180.0mg/kg | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 3.8 | 9.8 | 13.8 |
90.0mg/kg | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 3.5 | 8.8 | 16.5 | 17.7 |
CPT-11 26.1mg/kg | 1.0 | 1.8 | 8.4 | 10.3 | 12.8 | 33.2 | 34.1 |
表2
剂量 | 用药后的天数 | ||||||
0 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 14 | |
未治疗组 | 1.0 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 0.97 | 0.89 | 0.80 | 0.81 |
化合物1 45.0mg/kg | 1.0 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.97 | 1.01 | 1.03 | 1.04 |
22.5mg/kg | 1.0 | 0.98 | 1.02 | 1.01 | 1.06 | 1.03 | 0.96 |
化合物2 180.0mg/kg | 1.0 | 0.91 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 1.04 | 0.94 | 0.94 |
90.0mg/kg | 1.0 | 0.96 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 1.01 | 0.90 | 0.83 |
CPT-11 26.1mg/kg | 1.0 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 0.90 | 0.79 | 0.88 | 0.87 |
参照实施例1(分子量约为12000的单-甲氧基聚乙二醇与聚合数约为28的聚谷氨酸形成的嵌段共聚物的N-乙酰基化合物的合成)
将一端含有甲氧基、另一端含有3-氨基丙基的聚乙二醇(SUNBRIGHTMEPA-12T,NOF公司生产,平均分子量12000,1.0g)溶解在DMSO(20ml)中,然后加入γ-苄基L-谷氨酸酯N-羧酸酐(0.77g),35℃搅拌此混合物20小时。向反应液体中加入乙醇(80ml)和二异丙醚(320ml),室温搅拌混合物90分钟,然后过滤得到沉淀物,用乙醇/二异丙醚(1/4(v/v),100ml)洗涤。将所得沉淀溶解在DMF(20ml)中,向其中加入乙酸酐(0.4ml),室温下搅拌混合物15小时。向反应液体中加入乙醇(80ml)和二异丙醚(320ml),室温下搅拌混合物90分钟,然后过滤得到沉淀,用乙醇/二异丙醚(1/4(v/v),100ml)洗涤,得到1.56g聚合物。所得聚合物溶解在DMF(47ml)中,然后加入5%钯-碳(780mg),35℃进行氢解3小时。向反应液体中加入甲醇(90ml)和C盐(8g),搅拌混合物2小时,然后过滤除去5%钯-碳。减压蒸馏除去甲醇,然后加入乙醇(90ml)和二异丙醇(360ml),室温搅拌混合物90分钟。过滤得到沉淀,用乙醇/二异丙醚(1/4(v/v),100ml)洗涤,然后溶解在10%盐水(100ml)中。用1N氢氧化钠水溶液将溶解液体的pH控制在10.0,然后用分配吸附树脂柱层析纯化该液体,减压浓缩洗提液,接着冻干,得到目标化合物(1.18g)。根据用0.02N氢氧化钠的滴定值,此化合物一分子中的谷氨酸聚合数约为28。
参照实施例2(分子量约为12000的单甲氧基聚乙二醇与聚合度约为7的聚谷氨酸形成的嵌段共聚物的N-乙酰基化合物的合成)
将一端含有甲氧基、另一端含有3-氨基丙基的聚乙二醇(SUNBRIGHTMEPA-12T,NOF公司生产,平均分子量12000,1.0g)溶解在DMSO(40ml)中,然后加入γ-苄基L-谷氨酸酯N-羧酸酐(0.40g),35℃搅拌此混合物20小时。向反应液体中加入乙醇(160ml)和二异丙醚(640ml),室温搅拌混合物90分钟,然后过滤得到沉淀,用乙醇/二异丙醚(1/4(v/v),150ml)洗涤。将所得沉淀溶解在DMF(40ml)中,向其中加入乙酸酐(0.8ml),室温搅拌混合物15小时。向反应液体中加入乙醇(160ml)和二异丙醚(640ml),室温搅拌混合物90分钟,过滤得到沉淀,用乙醇/二异丙醚(1/4(v/v),150ml)洗涤,得到2.12g聚合物。所得聚合物溶解在DMF(64ml)中,加入5%钯-碳(1.06g),35℃氢解3小时。向反应液体中加入甲醇(130ml)和C盐(14g),搅拌混合物2小时,然后过滤除去5%钯-碳。减压蒸馏除去甲醇,然后加入乙醇(130ml)和二异丙醇(520ml),室温搅拌混合物90分钟。过滤得到沉淀,用乙醇/异丙醇(1/4(v/v),160ml)洗涤,然后溶解在10%盐水(160ml)中。用1N氢氧化钠水溶液将溶解液体的pH控制在10.0,然后依次用分配吸附树脂柱层析和离子交换柱层析纯化该液体,减压浓缩洗提液,接着冻干,得到目标化合物(1.56g)。根据用0.02N氢氧化钠的滴定值,此化合物一分子中的谷氨酸聚合度约为7。
工业应用
本发明的喜树碱高分子量衍生物是一种即便在有机体内也能持续释放,且治疗效果非常好的高分子量衍生物,其原因是喜树碱通过苯基酯键连接,很容易通过化学方式分解。此外预计形成胶束的高分子量衍生物可选择在患病部位发挥药效,并证明副作用很少。而且,由于生理活性物质的释放可以不依赖于酶预计患者个体差异对治疗效果的影响很小。
Claims (11)
1.一种喜树碱的高分子量衍生物,其特征在于,在其结构中,聚乙二醇与侧链含有羧酸基团的聚合物形成的共聚物中的羧酸基团与酚喜树碱中的酚羟基通过酯键相结合。
2.如权利要求1所述的喜树碱高分子量衍生物,其特征在于,聚乙二醇与侧链含有羧酸基团的聚合物形成的共聚物是聚乙二醇与侧链含有羧酸基团的聚合物形成的一种嵌段共聚物。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的喜树碱高分子量衍生物,其特征在于,侧链含有羧酸基团的聚合物是酸性氨基酸聚合物。
4.如权利要求1所述的喜树碱高分子量衍生物,其特征在于,所述酸性氨基酸聚合物是聚谷氨酸或聚天门冬氨酸。
6.如权利要求5所述的喜树碱高分子量衍生物,其特征在于,R1是任选含有取代基的(C1-C4)烷基;t是100-300之间的整数;a是(C2-C6)亚烷基;d+e+f是6-60之间的整数,以d+e+f为基准计,d的比例为0-60%,e的比例为0-60%,f的比例为1-100%;R2是氢原子或任选含有取代基的(C1-C4)烷基;R3是氢原子或没有取代基的(C1-C4)烷基;R4可以相同或不同,是任选含有取代基的(C1-C8)烷氧基,任选含有取代基的(C1-C8)烷基氨基,任选含有取代基的二(C1-C8)烷基氨基,或任选含有取代基的(C1-C8)烷基氨基羰基(C1-C8)烷基氨基;P是(C2-C4)酰基。
7.如权利要求6所述的喜树碱高分子量衍生物,其特征在于,R1是甲基;A是三亚甲基;R2是氢原子;R3是二甲基氨基甲基;R4是异丙基氨基羰基异丙基氨基;P是乙酰基。
8.如权利要求6所述的喜树碱高分子量衍生物,其特征在于,R1是甲基;A是三亚甲基;R2是乙基;R3是氢原子;R4是异丙基氨基羰基异丙基氨基;P是乙酰基。
9.一种喜树如碱的高分子衍生物,其制备方法是,采用缩合剂使聚乙二醇和聚氨基谷氨酸或聚天门冬氨酸的共聚物与酚喜树碱在有机溶剂中反应。
10.一种制备如权利要求1-8中任意一项所述喜树碱的高分子量衍生物的方法,该方法包括采用缩合剂使聚乙二醇和侧链含有羧酸基团的聚合物形成的共聚物中的羧酸基团与酚喜树碱中的酚羟基通过酯键相连。
11.一种抗癌试剂,包含如权利要求1-9中任意一项所述喜树碱高分子量衍生物。
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CN109069872A (zh) * | 2015-12-09 | 2018-12-21 | 得克萨斯州大学系统董事会 | 用于治疗疾病的聚合物药物递送系统 |
CN109069872B (zh) * | 2015-12-09 | 2021-07-13 | 得克萨斯州大学系统董事会 | 用于治疗疾病的聚合物药物递送系统 |
CN108697806A (zh) * | 2016-03-01 | 2018-10-23 | 日本化药株式会社 | 含有喜树碱类高分子衍生物的药物制剂 |
CN106496542A (zh) * | 2016-09-23 | 2017-03-15 | 天津科技大学 | 谷胱甘肽敏感的两亲性聚乙二醇‑羟基喜树碱偶联物 |
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WO2004039869A1 (ja) | 2004-05-13 |
JP4745664B2 (ja) | 2011-08-10 |
AU2003280592B2 (en) | 2008-12-18 |
EP1580216A4 (en) | 2008-10-29 |
EP1580216B1 (en) | 2014-05-14 |
CN1309763C (zh) | 2007-04-11 |
RU2005116309A (ru) | 2006-02-27 |
CA2502870C (en) | 2011-07-26 |
DK1580216T3 (da) | 2014-08-18 |
KR20050070103A (ko) | 2005-07-05 |
EP1580216A1 (en) | 2005-09-28 |
KR101057102B1 (ko) | 2011-08-16 |
TWI305538B (zh) | 2009-01-21 |
ES2488841T3 (es) | 2014-08-29 |
PT1580216E (pt) | 2014-07-31 |
AU2003280592A1 (en) | 2004-05-25 |
CA2502870A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
US7495099B2 (en) | 2009-02-24 |
RU2315782C2 (ru) | 2008-01-27 |
TW200418906A (en) | 2004-10-01 |
US20060067910A1 (en) | 2006-03-30 |
JPWO2004039869A1 (ja) | 2006-03-02 |
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