CN1706371A - 一种高效的马蔺子素制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高效的马蔺子素制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1706371A CN1706371A CN 200510046524 CN200510046524A CN1706371A CN 1706371 A CN1706371 A CN 1706371A CN 200510046524 CN200510046524 CN 200510046524 CN 200510046524 A CN200510046524 A CN 200510046524A CN 1706371 A CN1706371 A CN 1706371A
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Abstract
本发明是一种高效的马蔺子素制剂及其制备方法,它是将马蔺子素制剂制成“脂质体”、“乳剂”、“纳米粒”,及其喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥粉,制剂中可以加入药剂允许范围的防腐剂、甜味剂、香精、所制备的制剂可以口服或注射给药。脂质体系由药物与磷脂、胆固醇组成,药物与磷脂、胆固醇组成的比例为:1∶5~100∶0~50(W/W/W),其pH范围为:4~8,粒度范围为5nm~5000nm。制备方法如下:1.在配制罐中制备油相,2.在配制罐中制备水相,3.将水相加入油相中,形成初乳,4.将初乳过G3漏斗抽滤,调节pH值3~9,5.过均质仪,进行冷冻干燥,分装得乳剂。本发明的制剂吸收速度和程度远远好于市售制剂,血药浓度高于市售制剂。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及医药技术领域,确切地说它是一种高效的马蔺子素制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术:
马蔺子素的化学名称为:马蔺子甲素,6-甲氧基-2-Δ10′-顺十七烯-1,4-苯醌。但也含有部分马蔺子乙素。
其结构式为:
马蔺子甲素
分子式:C24H38O3
分子量:374.56
马蔺子乙素
分子式:C24H40O3
分子量:376.58
马蔺子素的药理作用:为放射增敏剂,对人宫颈癌、小鼠艾氏腹水瘤、小鼠淋巴细胞白血病等细胞株、荷瘤动物肿瘤及乏氧细胞的生长有放射增敏作用。其作用机制为:抑制恶性肿瘤细胞呼吸,降低耗氧量;选择性降低恶性肿瘤细胞内谷胱甘肽含量;抑制恶性肿瘤细胞DNA合成及断裂后的修复;阻滞恶性肿瘤细胞生长周期于对射线敏感的G1期。急性毒性:马蔺子素一次灌胃LD50为2590.6mg/kg;小鼠一次腹腔注射LD50为35.06±0.99mg/kg。动物中毒症状为毛松、厌食、稀便,尸检可见胃肠胀气。长期毒性:1.每日灌胃给予大鼠马蔺子素62.5、125、250mg/kg三个月,结果表明肝功能外(SGPT略有马蔺子素升高),血象和其它主要生化指标无明显改变。2.每日灌胃给予狗马蔺子素30mg/kg、60mg/kg两个月,结果表明主要脏器未见因药物所导致的实质性损伤。主要毒性为胃肠道反应,且这种反应随时间延长或减少剂量而自行恢复。致畸试验:结果表明孕鼠口服马蔺子素300mg/kg连续10天,可引起25%的动物死亡,并可引起严重的胚胎毒性反应,使大部分孕鼠流产、早期吸收胎,但对胎鼠骨骼脏器并不引起畸形;60mg/kg组动物灌胃10天除部分动物会阴处分泌物增多外,无明显中毒症状,停药后症状自动消失,胎鼠的骨骼和脏器均不引起畸形,表明马蔺子素为非致畸物。致突变试验:微生物回复突变试验、姐妹染色体互换试验、微核试验表明马蔺子素为非致突变物。带瘤小鼠口服本品后其血浆浓度呈双室模型,t1/2α为0.096小时,t1/2β为73.72小时,Vd为0.150L,表明本品吸收速度快,消除时间长;组织分布情况表明,药物在消化道内滞留时间长,12小时瘤体内放射性最高,24小时血药浓度仍维持在该水平,肺和胸腺中也有较高放射性,脑和肌肉最低。本品一次给药后,半小时后尿中已有较高放射性,24小时后粪及尿中的排出率分别为14.8%和30.3%。本品为放射增敏剂,用于放射治疗的肺癌、食道癌和头颈部癌等的放射治疗。饭后口服,一日2次,一次2粒,分别于放疗前、后服用。小儿酌减。本品应在接受放疗前2-3日开始服用,连续服用直至放疗结束。不良反应:部分患者有轻度胃肠道反应,如恶心、呕吐、腹泻等,其发生率较单纯放射治疗时高,一般不影响继续用药,个别反应患者,可减量或对症治疗,饭后服用可减少胃的反应。现有剂型为胶囊55mg(以马蔺子甲素和马蔺子乙素总量计)
马蔺子素在水中难溶,同时稳定性较差,为了提高水中溶解性和稳定性,有作者将其制成环糊精包络物(抗癌药物马蔺子素的β-环糊精包络物研究药学学报:2002,37(12):963~966)。另外,由于马蔺子素在水中难溶,其口服吸收少(可从灌胃LD50的2590.6mg/kg;小鼠一次腹腔注射LD50为35.06±0.99mg/kg,相差70余倍)且个体差异大。为了说明注射可行性,有研究人员以小鼠急性累计死亡率法测定表观药动学参数,结果表明ip给药途径的表观药动学参数与灌胃给药途径相似,因此采取注射给药是可行的(马蔺子素的小鼠急性累计死亡率法测定表观药动学参数的研究天津药学2002,14(3):36~37)。
马蔺子素在临床中应用广泛(马蔺子素放射增敏的前瞻性研究(附120例临床分析)中国肿瘤临床:2003,30(5):328~330;马蔺子素对耐顺铂人肺腺癌细胞系ADDP549□耐药逆转及可能的机制中华医学杂志2001,81(22):1392~1393;马蔺子素在鼻咽癌放疗中增敏作用的临床研究南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)2001,21(4):328~330;马蔺子素与放疗合用治疗中晚期鼻咽癌疗效分析中国肿瘤临床2001,28(6):439~440;马蔺子素放射增敏治疗食管癌的疗效观察临床肿瘤学杂志:2000,5(4):272~274;马蔺子素对153SmEDTMP治疗鼻咽癌骨转移瘤的影响中山医科大学学报:1998,19(2):142~143,149),而且临床效果显著,如联合治疗时有效率由10%提高到62.5%;放疗全量时,肿瘤全消率由40%提高到80%(马蔺子素胶囊合并放射治疗62例食管癌临床观察中国肿瘤临床:1999,26(8):639~640),原发灶及转移灶有效率,由78.6%,70.0%提高到94.3%,87.5%(安卡胶囊合并放射治疗恶性肿瘤140例□期临床观察中国肿瘤临床1999,26(7):547~548)。
血白蛋白在血液中有重要生理功能,和维持血液正常渗透压有关,是血液总渗透压的主要调节物质,缺少该白蛋白可能导致机体浮肿。人血白蛋白的另一作用是作为脂肪酸的载体参与运送脂肪酸。可以利用人血白蛋白作为药物载体,制备纳米制剂。
发明内容:
本发明的目的是制备一种高效的马蔺子素制剂及其可工业化应用的制备方法。所说的高效马蔺子素制剂包括“脂质体”、“乳剂”、“纳米粒”,及其喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥粉,所制备的制剂可以口服(根据需要,可以加入药剂允许范围的防腐剂、甜味剂、香精)或注射给药。所说的防腐剂(抑菌剂)为苯甲醇、苯甲酸(及其盐)、山梨酸(及其盐)、尼泊金酯类。甜味剂为蔗糖、糖精、阿斯巴甜、蛋白糖等;香精为奶油香精、橘子香精、椰子香精、菠萝香精等。所说的脂质体系由药物与磷脂、胆固醇组成,药物与磷脂、胆固醇组成的比例为:1∶5-100∶0-50(W/W/W),其pH范围为:4-8(在此范围内药物难溶解),粒度范围为10nm-5000nm。所说的磷脂为PC(磷脂酰胆碱)含量大于40%的天然磷脂、半合成磷脂或合成磷脂。天然磷脂包括大豆卵磷脂、蛋黄卵磷脂;半合成磷脂包括氢化大豆卵磷脂(HSPC)、氢化蛋黄卵磷脂;合成磷脂包括DSPC(二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱)、DPPC(二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱)、DMPC(二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰胆碱)、DLPC(二月桂酰磷脂酰胆碱)、DSPG(二硬脂酰磷脂酰甘油)、DPPG(二棕榈酰磷脂酰甘油)、DMPG(二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰甘油)、DLPG(二月桂酰磷脂酰甘油)、PA(磷脂酸)、PI(磷脂酰肌醇)、PS(磷脂酰丝氨酸)。所说的乳剂由药物与油相、乳化剂、助乳化剂组成,药物与油相、乳化剂、助乳化剂的组成比例为:1∶0.5-500∶1-50∶0-50(W/W/W),其pH范围为:4-8(在此范围内药物难溶解),粒度范围为10nm-5000nm。所说的油相为C0-C18的植物油或动物油(包括经过结构改造和水解后的植物油)、甘油三酸酯,如椰子油、橄榄油、大豆油、红花油、海豹油、辛葵酸甘油酯(Delios)(称为中链三甘油酯MCT);也包括脂肪酸的衍生物,如油酸乙酯。乳化剂包括磷脂、HS15(聚乙二醇12-羟基硬脂酸酯、polyethylene glycol 660 hydroxystearate)、维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯(TPGS)、吐温类中的一种或几种混合物;助乳化剂包括乙醇、甘油、C8-C30的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸,如己酸、辛酸、葵酸、月桂酸、棕榈酸、(亚)油酸、亚麻油酸、硬脂酸、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、胆酸(猪、鹅、熊去氧胆酸)、去氢胆酸及其盐中的一种或几种混合物;所说的纳米粒包括“脂质纳米粒”和“人血白蛋白(包括人血清白蛋白(HSA)、人血浆白蛋白)纳米粒”。其中“脂质纳米粒”由药物与磷脂类物质组成,组成比例为:1∶10-1000(是否可以改为1∶1-1000实施例11)(W/W),也可根据需要加入其他合适的成分,如维生素E、HS15(聚乙二醇12-羟基硬脂酸酯、polyethylene glycol 660 hydroxystearate)、维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯(TPGS)、DSPE-PEG、Poloxamer 407;其pH范围为:3-9,粒度范围为5nm-1000nm。“人血白蛋白(包括人血清白蛋白(HSA)、人血浆白蛋白)纳米粒”由药物与人血白蛋白组成,其中马蔺子素与人血白蛋白、油的比例为1∶1-100∶0-10,所说的油为C6-C18的植物油(包括经过结构改造和水解后的植物油)、甘油三酸酯,如椰子油、橄榄油、大豆油、红花油、海豹油、辛葵酸甘油酯(Delios)(称为中链三甘油酯MCT),其pH范围为:3-9,粒度范围为5nm-1000nm。所说的磷脂类物质包括PC(磷脂酰胆碱)含量大于40%白蛋白组成,其中马蔺子素与人血白蛋白、油的比例为1∶1~100∶0~10,所说的油为C6~C18的植物油(包括经过结构改造和水解后的植物油)、甘油三酸酯,如椰子油、橄榄油、大豆油、红花油、海豹油、辛葵酸甘油酯(Delios)(称为中链三甘油酯MCT),其pH范围为:3~9,粒度范围为5nm~1000nm。所说的磷脂类物质包括PC(磷脂酰胆碱)含量大于40%的天然磷脂、半合成磷脂或合成磷脂。天然磷脂包括大豆卵磷脂、蛋黄卵磷脂;半合成磷脂包括氢化大豆卵磷脂、氢化蛋黄卵磷脂;合成磷脂包括DSPC(二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱)、DPPC(二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱)、DMPC(二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰胆碱)、DLPC(二月桂酰磷脂酰胆碱)、DSPG(二硬脂酰磷脂酰甘油)、DPPG(二棕榈酰磷脂酰甘油)、DMPG(二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰甘油)、DLPG(二月桂酰磷脂酰甘油)、PA(磷脂酸)、PI(磷脂酰肌醇)、PS(磷脂酰丝氨酸)。所说的可注射给药的马蔺子素制剂中可加入抗氧化剂,包括丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)、二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)、α-生育酚、α-醋酸生育酚、α-硫辛酸、维生素C、维生素C棕榈酸酯、亚硫酸(氢)钠、惰性气体(氮气、氩气)、EDTA(2Na、或钠钙盐)中的一种或几种混合物。所说的冷冻干燥粉针剂涉及的冻干保护剂为:葡萄糖、乳糖、甘露醇、山梨醇、木糖醇、蔗糖、海藻糖、右旋糖苷、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、甘氨酸、琥珀明胶、人血白蛋白、氯化钠等中的一种或几种混合物,冻干保护剂的含量为2%~20%(W/V,冻干前溶液中保护剂的浓度)。所述的注射剂制备方法,以乳剂为例说明如下:1)在配制罐中制备油相(药物相):在配制罐中,将注射用油加热至20-90℃(单纯药物时不加油),加入乳化剂,20~80℃时强烈搅拌至溶解;再降温至20~40℃,在搅拌中加入药物。2)在配制罐中制备水相:将水和甘油在20~90℃下搅拌5min,使之完全混溶。3)在20~50℃时,将水相加入油相中,强烈搅拌10~30min,形成初乳。4)将初乳过G3漏斗抽滤,调节pH值到4~8。5)过均质仪,第一步调节匀化压力至520~600kg/cm2,第二步再调节至100~140kg/cm2(或微射流仪,第一步调节匀化压力至4000-8000psi,第二步再调节至10000-16000psi),形成乳剂。过0.8um或0.8um以下的微孔滤膜,分装(加入保护剂,进行冷冻干燥,或进行喷雾干燥),即得乳剂。
本发明的优点是:小鼠体内试验结果表明,本发明所制备的制剂吸收速度和程度远远好于市售制剂,血药浓度高于市售制剂(实施例2的脂质体、实施例7的乳剂、实施例14的纳米粒,其相对于市售制剂的生物利用度均大于200%),维持的时间亦长于市售制剂。抗小鼠艾氏腹水瘤的疗效也优于市售制剂。
具体实施方式:
本发明的详细组分由下列实施例给出,但本发明的保护范围,不仅局限于此。
粒度测定仪:本实验中应用PSS.NICOMPTM380作为测定粒径的仪器。
微射流仪(Microfluidic公司,美国),均质机等。
HPLC分析:色谱柱:ODS柱;流动相:甲醇-水-乙腈-乙醚(65∶25∶20∶20);检测波长:270nm;流速:1mL/分钟。50μl。
实施例1 马蔺子素脂质体
组分 重量(克)
马蔺子素 1
大豆卵磷脂 5
乙醇 适量
柠檬酸缓冲液 加至100
制备工艺:
称取处方量的马蔺子素、大豆卵磷脂,用适量乙醇溶解后,加入柠檬酸缓冲液(0.01mol/L,pH4.0),40℃下搅拌水化,过均质机(或微射流)(第一步调节匀化压力520~600kg/cm2,第二步再调节100~140kg/cm2。微射流仪,第一步调节匀化压力至4000-8000psi,第二步再调节至10000-16000psi)得马蔺子素脂质体,其粒度为15nm~550nm。所得脂质体液体可加入12%(W/V)的海藻糖进行冷冻干燥,得冻干脂质体。复溶后,其粒度为10nm~710nm。所得制剂可以口服或注射。
实施例2 马蔺子素脂质体
组分 重量(克)
马蔺子素 1
大豆卵磷脂 50
乙醇 适量
α-生育酚 0.1
磷酸盐缓冲液 加至1000
制备工艺:
称取处方量的马蔺子素、大豆卵磷脂、α-生育酚,用适量乙醇溶解后,加入磷酸盐缓冲液(0.01mol/L,pH5.0),40℃下搅拌水化,过均质机(或微射流),第一步调节匀化压力520kg/cm2,第二步再调节100kg/cm2(或微射流仪,第一步调节匀化压力至4000psi,第二步再调节至10000psi),得马蔺子素脂质体,过0.22um微孔滤膜,其粒度为25nm~430nm,包封率大于90%。所得脂质体液体可加入6%(W/V)的甘露醇和1%(W/V)的葡萄糖进行冷冻干燥,得冻干脂质体,每支5mg马蔺子素(或真空压盖)。复溶后,其粒度为20nm~710nm。所得制剂可以口服(可以加入0.1%的苯甲酸钠)或注射。
实施例3马蔺子素脂质体
组分 重量(克)
马蔺子素 1
蛋黄卵磷脂 20
胆固醇 1
α-硫辛酸 0.5
乙醇 适量
醋酸盐缓冲液 加至1000
制备工艺:
称取处方量的马蔺子素、蛋黄卵磷脂、胆固醇、α-硫辛酸,用适量乙醇溶解后,采用乙醇注入法加入磷酸盐缓冲液(0.03mol/L,pH6.0)中,50℃下搅拌水化,过均质机(或微射流),第一步调节匀化压力至600kg/cm2,第二步再调节至100kg/cm2(或微射流仪,第一步调节匀化压力至5000psi,第二步再调节至10000psi),得马蔺子素脂质体,其粒度为10nm~820nm,过0.22um微孔滤膜,包封率大于90%。所得脂质体液体可加入10%(W/V)的蔗糖、5%(W/V)的乳糖进行冷冻干燥,即得冻干脂质体;或进行喷雾干燥,得前体脂质体。分装充氮气,得脂质体制剂,每支5mg马蔺子素(或真空压盖)。复溶后,其粒度为20nm~780nm。所得制剂可以口服(可以加入0.1%的苯甲酸钠、0.05%尼泊金乙酯)或注射。
实施例4马蔺子素脂质体
组分 重量(克)
马蔺子素 1
DSPG 100
胆固醇 50
维生素C棕榈酸酯 0.2
乙醇 适量
磷酸盐缓冲液 加至5000
制备工艺:
称取处方量的马蔺子素、DSPG、胆固醇维生素C棕榈酸酯,用适量乙醇溶解后,采用乙醇注入法加入磷酸盐缓冲液(0.03mol/L,pH7.0)中,50℃下搅拌水化,过均质机(或微射流),第一步调节匀化压力至600kg/cm2,第二步再调节140kg/cm2(或微射流仪,第一步调节匀化压力至8000psi,第二步再调节至16000psi),得马蔺子素脂质体,过0.3um微孔滤膜,其粒度为20nm~900nm,包封率大于80%。所得脂质体液体可加入20%(W/V)的蔗糖进行冷冻干燥,即得冻干脂质体;或进行喷雾干燥,得前体脂质体。分装充氮气,得脂质体制剂,每支10mg马蔺子素(或真空压盖)。复溶后,其粒度为20nm~800nm。所得制剂可以口服或注射。
实施例5马蔺子素脂质体
组分 重量(克)
马蔺子素 1
HSPC 10
DMPC 20
乙醇 适量
注射用水 加至1000ml
制备工艺:
称取处方量的马蔺子素、HSPC、DMPC,用适量乙醇溶解后,加入注射用600ml,无菌环境中,50℃下搅拌水化,得马蔺子素脂质体,其粒度为362nm~5000nm,包封率大于90%。分装充氮气,得脂质体制剂,每支5mg含马蔺子素(或真空压盖)。
实施例6马蔺子素乳剂
组分 重量(克)
马蔺子素 1
大豆油 0.5
磷脂 10
油酸 0.05
甘油 2.4
注射用水 加至200ml
制备工艺:
1)在配制罐中制备油相(药物相):在配制罐中,加入(注射用)大豆油、油酸(20℃),加入乳化剂磷脂,50℃时强烈搅拌至溶解;再降温至40℃,在搅拌中加入药物。2)在配制罐中制备水相:将水和甘油在90℃下搅拌5min,使之完全混溶。3)在50℃时,将水相加入油相中,强烈搅拌30min,形成初乳。4)将初乳过G3漏斗抽滤。5)过均质仪,第一步调节匀化压力至520kg/cm2,第二步再调节140kg/cm2(或微射流仪,第一步调节匀化压力4000psi,第二步再调节至10000psi),形成乳剂,调节pH值至4。过0.3um微孔滤膜,分装、充氮气,每支1ml(含药物5mg)、每支2ml(含药物10mg)或每支10ml(含药物50mg),灭菌,即得(注射用)乳剂。粒度为10nm~1000nm,平均粒度152nm。加入20%(W/V)乳糖,溶解后进行冷冻干燥,即得冻干乳剂;或进行喷雾干燥,得前体乳剂。分装充氮气,每支5mg马蔺子素。所得制剂可以口服或注射。
实施例7马蔺子素乳剂
组分 重量(千克)
马蔺子素 1
辛葵酸甘油酯 20
HS15 2
磷脂 10
甘油 12
注射用水 加至1000
制备工艺:
1)在配制罐中制备油相(药物相):在配制罐中,加入(注射用或口服级)辛葵酸甘油酯(50℃),加入乳化剂磷脂、HS15,80℃时强烈搅拌至溶解;再降温30℃,在搅拌中加入药物。2)在配制罐中制备水相:将水和甘油在90℃下搅拌5min,使之完全混溶。3)在40℃时,将水相加入油相中,强烈搅拌30min,形成初乳。4)将初乳过G3漏斗抽滤,调节pH值到6。5)过均质仪,第一步调节匀化压力至450kg/cm2,第二步再调节至120kg/cm2(或微射流仪,第一步调节匀化压力至6000psi,第二步再调节12000psi),形成乳剂。过0.3um微孔滤膜,分装、充氮气,每支3ml(含药物3mg)或每支6ml(含药物6mg),灭菌,即得注射用乳剂。粒度为50nm~700nm,平均粒度178nm。所得乳剂中可加入20%(W/V)的蔗糖进行冷冻干燥,即得冻干乳剂;或进行喷雾干燥,得前体乳剂。分装充氮气,每支5mg马蔺子素。复溶后,其粒度为65nm~960nm。所得制剂可以口服(可以加入0.1%的苯甲酸钠、0.05%尼泊金乙酯、奶油香精)或注射。
实施例8马蔺子素乳剂
组分 重量(克)
马蔺子素 1
椰子油 10
TPGS 10
甘油 12
α-生育酚 1
注射用水 加至1000
制备工艺:
操作同实施例7,粒度为20nm~750nm,平均粒度89nm。每支5ml(含药物5mg)或每支10ml(含药物10mg)(充氩气)。所得乳剂中可加入8%(W/V)的甘露醇、2%木糖醇进行冷冻干燥,即得冻干乳剂;或进行喷雾干燥,得前体乳剂。分装充氮气,每支5mg马蔺子素。复溶后,其粒度为15nm~680nm。所得制剂可以口服(0.1%尼泊金乙酯、0.05%尼泊金丙酯、蛋白糖、椰子香精)或注射。
实施例9马蔺子素乳剂
组分 重量(克)
马蔺子素 0.1
辛葵酸甘油酯 50
大豆油 0.5
TPGS 10
Poloxamer 407 5
甘油 2.4
α-硫辛酸 1
注射用水 加至200
制备工艺:
操作同实施例7,粒度为50nm~1060nm。每支10ml(含药物5mg)(氩气)。所得制剂可以口服或注射。
实施例10马蔺子素乳剂
组分 重量(千克)
马蔺子素 1
油酸乙酯 10
磷脂 2
HS15 2
DHA 10
甘油 1.2
α-硫辛酸 0.2
注射用水 加至200
制备工艺:
操作同实施例7,pH8,无菌操作,粒度为100nm~5000nm。每支1ml(含药物5mg)或每支2ml(含药物10mg),(充氩气)。加入6%甘露醇、6%木糖醇,冻干或喷雾干燥得固体粉末。所得制剂可以口服或注射。
实施例11马蔺子素纳米粒
组分 重量(克)
马蔺子素 1
大豆卵磷脂 10
HS15 5
乙醇 适量
α-硫辛酸 1
甘油 2
水 加至1000
制备工艺:
称取处方量的马蔺子素、磷脂、HS15、α-硫辛酸,置于配料罐中,加入乙醇,于50℃加热溶解后,加入水(含甘油)搅拌、分散,调pH至4,过均质机(或微射流),第一步调节匀化压力至600kg/cm2,第二步再调节至140kg/cm2(或微射流仪,第一步调节匀化压力至8000psi,第二步再调节至16000psi),得马蔺子素纳米液体,过0.22μm微孔滤膜除菌,分装,每支10ml(含药物10mg)(充氩气)。测定粒度为5nm~500nm。所得液体中加入10%蔗糖,进行喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥,得无菌粉末。喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥所得固体再水化后的粒度为:10nm~1000nm。所得制剂可以口服或注射。
实施例12马蔺子素纳米粒
组分 重量(克)
马蔺子素 0.1
蛋黄卵磷脂 100
氢化大豆卵磷脂 1
乙醇 适量
维生素E 1
甘油 30
甘露醇 50
水 加至1000
制备工艺:
称取处方量的马蔺子素、磷脂、维生素E、氢化大豆卵磷脂,置于配料罐中,加入乙醇,于60℃加热溶解后,备用。另外称取处方量的甘露醇、甘油,加入水溶解后,与上述马蔺子素磷脂溶液混合,搅拌水化,调pH至6,过均质机(或微射流),第一步调节匀化压力至500kg/cm2,第二步再调节至120kg/cm2(或微射流仪,第一步调节匀化压力至6000psi,第二步再调节至13000psi),得马蔺子素纳米液体。其粒度为5nm~300nm。过0.22μm微孔滤膜除菌,分装,充氮气。所得液体进行喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥,得无菌粉末。再水化后的粒度为:10nm~400nm。所得制剂可以口服或注射。
实施例13马蔺子素纳米粒
组分 重量(克)
马蔺子素 0.1
人血白蛋白 3
二氯甲烷 适量
制备工艺:
称取处方量的马蔺子素,用二氯甲烷溶解,制成100mg/ml的溶液,备用。取市售的人血白蛋白(25%)用注射用水稀释成5%的溶液,并用盐酸调节pH值为5.5,备用。于0℃下将马蔺子素二氯甲烷溶液与人血白蛋白溶液混合,过均质机(或微射流),第一步调节匀化压力至600kg/cm2,第二步再调节至140kg/cm2(或微射流仪,第一步调节匀化压力至6000psi,第二步再调节至36000psi),得马蔺子素纳米液体。其粒度为5nm~550nm。过0.22μm微孔滤膜除菌,分装,冷冻干燥,得无菌粉末。再水化(生理盐水或灭菌注射用水)后的平均粒度为:170nm。可以用不同的比例,不同的酸,如柠檬酸、磷酸、酒石酸、醋酸代替盐酸,pH值为3~8,可以得到类似结果。所得制剂可以口服或注射。
实施例14马蔺子素纳米粒
组分 重量(克)
马蔺子素 1
蛋黄卵磷脂 30
乙醇 适量
维生素E 1
去氧胆酸 10
甘露醇 50
葡萄糖 10
水 加至1000
制备工艺:
称取处方量的马蔺子素、磷脂、维生素E、去氧胆酸,置于配料罐中,加入乙醇,于50℃加热溶解后,备用。另外称取处方量的甘露醇、葡萄糖,加入水溶解后,与上述马蔺子素磷脂溶液混合,搅拌水化,调pH至8,过均质机(或微射流),第一步调节匀化压力至600kg/cm2,第二步再调节至140kg/cm2(或微射流仪,第一步调节匀化压力至7000psi,第二步再调节至26000psi),得马蔺子素纳米液体。其粒度为5nm~500nm。过0.22μm微孔滤膜除菌,分装,每支5ml(含药物(充氮气)。所得液体进行喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥,得无菌粉末。再水化后的粒度为:10nm~500nm。所得制剂可以口服或注射。
Claims (10)
1、一种高效的马蔺子素制剂,其特征在于:将马蔺子素制剂制成“脂质体”、“乳剂”、“纳米粒”,及其喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥粉,制剂中可以加入药剂允许范围的防腐剂、甜味剂、香精,所制备的制剂可以口服或注射给药。
2、根据权利要求1中所说的一种高效的马蔺子素制剂,其特征在于:防腐剂或称抑菌剂为苯甲醇、苯甲酸或其盐、山梨酸或其盐、尼泊金酯类;甜味剂为蔗糖、糖精、阿斯巴甜、蛋白糖等;香精为奶油香精、橘子香精、椰子香精、菠萝香精。
3、根据权利要求1中所说的一种高效的马蔺子素制剂,其特征在于:所说的脂质体系由药物与磷脂、胆固醇组成,药物与磷脂、胆固醇组成的比例为:1∶5~100∶0~50(W/W/W),其pH范围为:4~8,粒度范围为5nm~5000nm,脂质体制备方法为乙醇注入法,或乙醇溶解分散法。
4、根据权利要求3中所说的一种高效的马蔺子素制剂,其特征在于:所说的磷脂为PC或称磷脂酰胆碱含量大于40%的天然磷脂、半合成磷脂或合成磷脂,天然磷脂包括大豆卵磷脂、蛋黄卵磷脂;半合成磷脂包括氢化大豆卵磷脂HSPC、氢化蛋黄卵磷脂;合成磷脂包括DSPC二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱、DPPC二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱、DMPC二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰胆碱、DLPC二月桂酰磷脂酰胆碱、DSPG二硬脂酰磷脂酰甘油、DPPG二棕榈酰磷脂酰甘油、DMPG二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰甘油、DLPG二月桂酰磷脂酰甘油、PA磷脂酸、PI磷脂酰肌醇、PS磷脂酰丝氨酸。
5、根据权利要求1中所说的一种高效的马蔺子素制剂,其特征在于:所说的乳剂由药物与油相、乳化剂、助乳化剂组成,药物与油相、乳化剂、助乳化剂的组成比例为:1∶0.5~500∶1~50∶0~50(W/W/W),其pH范围为:4~8,粒度范围为10nm~5000nm。
6、根据权利要求1中所说的一种高效的马蔺子素制剂,其特征在于:所说的油相为C6~C18的植物油或动物油、甘油三酸酯,椰子油、橄榄油、大豆油、红花油、海豹油、辛葵酸甘油酯或称为中链三甘油酯MCT;也包括脂肪酸的衍生物,如油酸乙酯。乳化剂包括磷脂、HS15TPGS、DSPE-PEG、Poloxamer 407、吐温类中的一种或几种混合物;助乳化剂包括乙醇、甘油、C6~C30的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸,如己酸、辛酸、葵酸、月桂酸、棕榈酸、油酸或亚油酸、亚麻油酸、硬脂酸、二十二碳六烯酸DHA、胆酸、去氧胆酸、去氢胆酸及其盐中的一种或几种混合物;
7、根据权利要求1中所说的一种高效的马蔺子素制剂,其特征在于:所说的纳米粒包括“脂质纳米粒”和“人血白蛋白纳米粒”;其中“脂质纳米粒”由药物与磷脂类物质组成,组成比例为:1∶1~1000(W/W),也可根据需要加入维生素E、HS15即聚乙二醇12-羟基硬脂酸酯、维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯即TPGS、DSPE-PEG、Poloxamer 407;其pH范围为:3~9,粒度范围为5nm~1000nm;“人血白蛋白纳米粒”由药物与人血白蛋白组成,其中马蔺子素与人血白蛋白、油的比例为1∶1~100∶0~10,所说的油为C6~C18的植物油、甘油三酸酯,如椰子油、橄榄油、大豆油、红花油、海豹油、辛葵酸甘油酯或称为中链三甘油酯MCT,其pH范围为:3~9,粒度范围为5nm~1000nm。
8、根据权利要求7中所说的一种高效的马蔺子素制剂,其特征在于:所说的磷脂类物质包括磷脂酰胆碱,含量大于40%的天然磷脂、半合成磷脂或合成磷脂;天然磷脂包括大豆卵磷脂、蛋黄卵磷脂;半合成磷脂包括氢化大豆卵磷脂、氢化蛋黄卵磷脂;合成磷脂包括DSPC二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱、DPPC二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱、DMPC二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰胆碱、DLPC二月桂酰磷脂酰胆碱、DSPG二硬脂酰磷脂酰甘油、DPPG二棕榈酰磷脂酰甘油、DMPG二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰甘油、DLPG二月桂酰磷脂酰甘油、PA磷脂酸、PI磷脂酰肌醇、PS磷脂酰丝氨酸。
9、根据权利要求1中所说的一种高效的马蔺子素制剂,其特征在于:所说的马蔺子素制剂中可加入抗氧化剂,包括丁基羟基茴香醚BHA、二丁基羟基甲苯BHT、α-生育酚、α-醋酸生育酚、α-硫辛酸、维生素C、维生素C棕榈酸酯、亚硫酸钠或亚硫酸氢钠、惰性气体、EDTA 2Na、或钠钙盐中的一种或几种混合物;所说的喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥粉针剂涉及的冻干保护剂为:葡萄糖、乳糖、甘露醇、山梨醇、木糖醇、蔗糖、海藻糖、右旋糖苷、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、甘氨酸、琥珀明胶、人血白蛋白、氯化钠中的一种或几种混合物,冻干保护剂的含量为2%~20%(W/V),冻干前溶液中保护剂的浓度。
10、一种如权利要求1中所说的一种高效的马蔺子素制剂的制备方法,其特征在于:乳剂制备方法如下:1)在配制罐中制备油相既药物相,在配制罐中,将油加热至20-90℃单纯药物时不加油,加入乳化剂,20~80℃时强烈搅拌至溶解;再降温至20~40℃,在搅拌中加入药物,2)在配制罐中制备水相:将水和甘油在20~90℃下搅拌5min,使之完全混溶,3)在20~50℃时,将水相加入油相中,强烈搅拌10~30min,形成初乳;4)将初乳过G3漏斗抽滤,调节pH值到3~9,5)过均质仪,第一步调节匀化压力至520~600kg/cm2,第二步再调节至100~140kg/cm2或过微射流仪,第一步调节匀化压力至4000-8000psi,第二步再调节至10000-16000psi,形成乳剂;过0.8um或0.8um以下的微孔滤膜,加入保护剂,进行冷冻干燥,或进行喷雾干燥,分装,即得乳剂。
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