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CN1672351A - 以光透明方式在不同的波分复用光通信系统之间传输wdm信号的方法和装置 - Google Patents

以光透明方式在不同的波分复用光通信系统之间传输wdm信号的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1672351A
CN1672351A CNA028066707A CN02806670A CN1672351A CN 1672351 A CN1672351 A CN 1672351A CN A028066707 A CNA028066707 A CN A028066707A CN 02806670 A CN02806670 A CN 02806670A CN 1672351 A CN1672351 A CN 1672351A
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wdm
node
wavelength components
communication system
optical
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托马斯·安德鲁·斯特拉瑟
佩尔·班·汉森
杰斐逊·L·瓦格纳
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Photuris Inc
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Photuris Inc
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Abstract

一种包括由通信链路(710)互连的多个节点的WDM光通信系统(400)中，提供了一节点，其包括：光耦合结构，具有：至少一个输入端口，用于接收WDM信号；和多个输出端口，用于有选择地接收所述WDM光信号的一个或多个波长成分。所述结构适于重配置它的工作状态以(i)有选择地将在所述输入端口上接收到任何一个波长成分引导到任何输出端口，而与所述波长成分的其它成分无关，和(ii)有选择地将两个或多个所述波长成分的两个或多个任何组合从所述输入端口引导到作为WDM输出端口的至少两个输出端口。至少一个光WDM接口光耦合到WDM输出端口。光WDM接口适于在不同时候容纳可以通过其传送WDM信号的转发器(522－527)和传输链路。

Description

以光透明方式在不同的波分复用光通信系统之间 传输WDM信号的方法和装置
本申请要求于2001年3月16日提交的、题为“可配置光系统”的美国临时申请60/276,310的优先权益。
技术领域
本发明总的来说涉及波分复用光通信系统，具体地说涉及用于以光透明方式在不同的波分复用光通信系统之间传输WDM信号的互连设备。
背景技术
在长距离网络中，已经采用点对点结构来配置WDM系统，点对点由被一个或多个光纤段彼此分离开来的末终端组成。然而，在大城市区域，当前配置的是具有环或环路配置的WDM系统。通常，此类系统包括沿着环分布的多个节点。通常，用光连接器将至少与每一个节点相关的一个光增加/撤出部件连接到环上。光增加/撤出部件允许向和从环上增加和抽取出信道。一般地，将允许增加和抽取所有节点的一个特定节点称为集线器(hub)或者中心局节点，其通常具有多个相关的增加/撤出部件，用于沿着环向/从其它节点发送和接收相应的多个信道。
图1示出常规的WDM环网络100的功能框图。环网落100包括沿着连续的、环路光纤路径110连接的多个节点102-105。通常，这些节点中的每一个由光纤的一段链接。
图2更加详细地示出示例的节点200。通常，节点102-108具有类似节点200的结构。节点200一般包括光增加/撤出多路复用器(OADM)、用户接口、和网络管理部件。在节点200的例子中，OADM210包括中继端口214和216，它们连接到光通路220，以穿越网络100接收和发送WDM信号。OADM210也包括本地端口2201，2202，2203，...，220m，它们作为业务的源和接收槽(sink)。本地端口2201，2202，2203，...，220m分别连接到转发器2301，2302，2303，...，230m。每一个本地端口包括一个增加和撤出端口，使得每一个转发器作为到环网络100的接入点，以用于至/来自由终端装置2401，2402，2403，...，240m表示的外部终端(例如，互联网路由器，LANS，和个人用户)的业务。根据装置的属性，转发器和终端装置之间的信号可以光或电的形式进行传送。
图3示出由两个互连的环310和320组成的网络300的功能框图。环网络310包括OADM节点312，314，316和318。环网络320包括OADM节点322，324，326和328。环310和320由中心局节点330互连，中心局包括环310的OADM节点316和环320的OADM节点328。中心局330还包括与OADM节点316和328通信的光交叉(OXC)340。OXC340比OADM灵活，在一些情况下，可以将各个信道波长重新分配到任何数目的输出通路上。不幸的是，不论OXC核交换是光的或者是电的，当前的OXC通常在它们的网络接口上采用光电再生，因此，要求进入交叉连接和从交叉连接出来的光电接口。过去，在此类网络接口处一直存在再生的需要，因为由于损失、放大器噪声、色散、和或偏振模色散的光信号的传播限制。因此，具有在光纤的核中的光交换的OXC仍然要求再生，然而，随着发射方法改进以消除上述的传输限制，希望不需要OEO再生而通过所有的光OXC，以避免过多的费用。然而，当前的OXC具有相对高的插入损失，这可能仍然要求再生，或者以最小的代价放大所有的输入和/或输出信号。大的插入损失来自于穿过三个离散的部件：波解多路复用器、MxM交换、和波多路复用器。除了大的插入损失之外，此类配置还带来另外的限制，包括高的部件成本，和在端口的输入和输出子集之间路由光时缺少灵活性。最后，当前的OXC具有作为分离的网络部件的不理想的缺陷，因为它要求空间，而且必须独立于它所连接到部件进行日常的维护和配置。因此，希望开发一种多波光网络，其提供在环或网络之间光透明信号路由，从而避免对分离的OXC网络部件的需要，包括昂贵的交换光纤以及用于在网络中的每一个波互连的输入和/或输出的OEO再生。
发明内容
本发明在具有由公共链路互连的多个节点的WDM光通信系统中提供了一种节点，其包括一种光耦合结构，具有用于接收WDM信号的至少一个输入端口，和用于有选择地接收WDM光信号的一个或多个波长成分的多个输出端口。光耦合结构能够重配置它的工作状态，以(i)有选择地将在输入端口上接收到的任何一个波长成分引导到与所述多个波长成分的其它成分无关的任何输出端口，和(ii)将来自输入端口的多个波长成分的两个或多个的任何组合引导到作为WDM输出端口的至少两个输出端口。至少一个光WDM接口可光耦合到WDM输出端口的第一个。光WDM接口适于在不同时候连接转发器和传输链路，WDM信号可以经转发器和传输链路传送。至少一个转发器耦合到WDM输出端口的第二个。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种互连设备，用于以全光模式在至少第一和第二WDM光通信系统之间传送WDM信号，所述WDM光通信系统每一个都包括由通信链路互连的多个节点。互连设备包括多个光耦合结构(optical coupling arrangement)，每一个光耦合结构可操作地与多个通信系统中的不同的一个系统连接，从而以光透明方式在它们各自的通信系统中的节点之间传送波长成分(wavelength component)。每一个光耦合结构包括：至少一个第一端口，用于接收来自一个通信系统的WDM光信号；和多个第二端口，用于有选择地接收光信号的两个或多个波长成分。所述光耦合结构中的至少一个适于以光透明方式在第一输入端口和多个第二端口之间路由每一个波长成分，而与每一个其它的波长成分无关。支持至少两个波长成分的一个光波导管将第一光耦合电路的第二输出耦合到第二耦合电路的第二输出。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种用于在第一通信系统之内和在第一通信系统与第二通信系统之间路由WDM光信号的三个或多个波长成分的方法。第一通信系统包括第一节点，该节点具有：第一光通路，通过其将波长成分传送到第一通信系统之内的其它节点；和第二光通路，通过其将波长成分传送到第二通信系统。该方法开始时以光透明方式通过第一节点的第一光通路来路由一个或多个波长成分的任意组合。接着，该方法以光透明方式在单个光波导管上、在第一通信系统的第一节点和第二通信系统的一个节点之间的第二光通路上路由两个或多个余下的波长成分的任何组合。
附图说明
图1示出常规的WDM环网络的功能框图。
图2详细地示出一个示例的节点；
图3示出由两个互连的环组成的常规WDM网络的功能框图；
图4示出根据本发明的构造的、具有第二对向环的环网络；
图5示出类似于图4中所示的可重配置光交换器(switch)的结构，该结构在美国未决专利[PH01-00-04C]中被采用来在转发器失效的情况下提供保护；
图6示出根据本发明构造的两个互连的环网络；
图7示出可在本发明中采用的示例的可重配置的全光交换器。
具体实施方式
本发明的发明人已经认识到，用OADM和OXC代替互连环网络，利用全光可重配置的交换器可以实现互连，与上述的OXC相比，这更加灵活，同时也具有更低的插入损耗和较少的费用。为了达到本发明的目的，全光可重配置交换器的一个重要优点是：它们可以将多个信道的任何组合增加到或者撤出它的WDM端口。而且，这些交换器可以独自地在它的WDM端口之间路由波长成分。如在此的使用，术语“路由”指的是沿着给定的通路有选择地引导(direct)所选择的一个或多个波长成分的能力以及能够同时防止没有被引导的任何其它波长成分沿着相同的通路传送。
各种全光可重配置光交换器的例子在美国专利申请[PH-01-00-01]中公开，在此通过引用的方式将该专利申请结合进来，尤其是引用了该文献的图2-4部分。在此公开的交换器部件能够有选择地将来自任何输入端口的任何波长成分引导到任何输出端口，与其它波长的路由无关，不需要进行任何电-光转换。其它提供附加功能的全光可重配置光交换器在美国专利申请[PH-01-00-02]中公开，在此通过应用其全文结合进来。该文献公开了一种光交换器，其中，每个波长成分可以被从任何给定端口引导到任何其它端口，而没有什么限制。特别地，与大多数光交换器不同，这种交换器并不限于在输入端口的子集和输出端口的子集之间提供连接，或反之亦然。事实上，这种交换器还可以在相同的子集(输入或输出)的两个端口之间提供连接。虽然本发明可以采用上述任何的可重配置的光交换器，在美国专利申请[PH01-00-02]中公开的光交换器将作为示例可重配置光交换器，因此，将在下面对该交换器的附加的细节进行介绍。
图7中，可重配置光交换器800包括：光透明基底808，多个电介质薄膜滤光器801，802，803和804，多个校准透镜对8211和8212，8221和8222，8281和8282，8241和8242，多个可倾斜反射镜815，816，817和828，以及多个输出端口8401，8402，...，840n。第一滤光阵列由薄膜滤光器801和803组成，第二滤光阵列由薄膜滤光器802和804组成。校准透镜对821-824和可倾斜反射镜815-818中的每一个都与每一个薄膜滤光器相关。每一个薄膜滤光器以及它的相关的校准透镜对和可倾斜反射镜有效地形成一个窄波、自由空间交换器，即沿着不同通路路由各个信道或波长成分的交换器。可倾斜反射镜是微型镜，诸如MEMS(微电子机械系统)镜。另外，可以采用其它的机制来控制镜的位置，诸如用压电激励器。
在工作中，由不同的波长λ1，λ2，λ3和λ4组成的WDM光信号被从光输入端口812引导到校准透镜814。WDM信号穿过基底808，并且被薄膜滤光器801接收。根据薄膜滤光器801的特性，带有波长为λ1的光成分通过薄膜滤光器801，而其它的波长成分被反射并且经基底808被引导到薄膜滤光器802。通过薄膜滤光器801传送的波长成分λ1被校准透镜8211会聚到可倾斜反射镜815上。可倾斜反射镜815被如此安装，使得波长成分λ1被经薄膜滤光器802-804从反射镜反射到输出端口8401-840n中的选择的一个，薄膜反射镜都发射波长成分λ1。被选择来接收波长成分的特定输出端口将确定反射镜815的特定朝向。
如上所述，余下的波长成分λ2，λ3，和λ4经透镜8212被薄膜滤光器801反射到基底808中，并且被引导到薄膜滤光器802。波长成分λ2被经薄膜滤光器802和透镜8221传送，并且被可倾斜反射镜816经薄膜滤光器803-804引导到选择的输出端口，薄膜滤光器803-804都反射波长成分λ2。类似地，所有其它的波长成分被薄膜滤光器803-804依次分离开，并且被可倾斜反射镜817-818引导到选择的输出端口。利用适当驱动可倾斜反射镜，每一个波长成分可以被引导到独立于所有其它的波长成分而选择的输出端口。
图4示出根据本发明构造的环网络400，其包括由节点410，420和430互连的传输通路710。应当注意，尽管将传输通路710描述为在一个方向上传输的单个光纤，整个系统当然可以被复制以支持双向通信。节点410和420可以是包含图2所示的类型的OADM以用于增加和撤出到环上的业务的常规节电点。环网络400还包括节点430，为简便起见，将该节点称为中心局节点。不是常规的OADM，中心局节点430包括一对串行连接的可重配置光交换器702和704，它们位于传输通路710中。与OADM相比，由于可重配置光交换器提供了附加的功能，中心局节点430可以与其它网络结构互连，使得它可以不仅仅作为用于增加和撤出业务的简单接入点。例如，图4示出了两个对向的环712和714，它们起始于并在中心局节点430结束。特别地，环712和714从可重配置交换器702接收信道波长，并且增加信道波长到交换器704。
虽然图4和其后的附图描述了关于环网络的本发明，应当注意，本发明可以更加广泛地应用到任何光通信系统，而与拓扑结构无关。正如在本文中的使用，光通信系统指的是由公共光透明通路互连的多个节点，同时允许每一个节点访问来自在公共通路上传输的WDM信号的至少一个信道波长。
对向环712和714可以被采用来增强主环400的功能。例如，环712和714可以经网络节点716聚集来自特定区域的本地业务，并且透明地将它们连接回到可重配置光交换器702和704所在的主环400。可以提供利用可重配置光交换器702和704来支持本地业务的这种结构，是因为与OADM不同，光交换器可以将任何组合的多个信道增加到或撤出它的WDM端口。而且，通过提供适当的放大和增益平滑，对向环的每一个从传送容量的角度看可以作为附加传输跨度(extratransmission span)。这种结构的一种优点是可以聚集本地业务而无需增强功能，因此也无需增加中心局节点430的成本。而且，不需要使用昂贵的光-电-光转换处理来在到主环的接口处重生业务。也就是说，业务以光透明方式穿过接口。由于在提供新的服务中再生器代表了主要的成本，能够消除再生器的能力代表了显著的成本节约。
图4中的对向环结构的另一个优点来源于如下原理：通常希望从尽可能多的节点收集业务(并且向尽可能多的节点分布业务)，同时要求业务穿过尽可能少的节点。对向环完成这种目标是因为，它们可以扩展网络的地理到达能力，而无需要求业务穿过对向环的所有的节点，当然，除了业务可能在其上始发或结束的那些对向环之外。这是一种重要的网络改进，因为光信号的最大传输距离部分取决于穿过的节点数目，因为每一个节点都带来信号噪声(来自于损失、串话干扰、和放大)，色散(来源于光纤和波长滤光器)，滤波器变窄(来源于波长滤光器)，和来源于所有组件的偏振模色散。因此，以这种方式在网络内透明路由信号的能力实际上减少了光信号的衰减，从而提高了不需要光电再生时这些信号的最大到达能力。
在诸如图4中描述的可重配置光交换器的结构在美国专利申请[PH01-00-04C]被采用来在转发器(即，发射机/接收机对，其中，光信号始发于或者结束于电信号)失效时提供保护措施。这种结构在图5中示出，其采用四个交换器514，516，518和520。比较图4和图5，应当注意到虽然图4仅仅描述了单个光线通路710在一个方向上传输，图5中示出两个光线通路530和540来支持双向通信(即，图4中的光线通路710对应图5中的光线通路530和540任意之一)。在图5的结构中，即使在一个交换器失效，仍可以维持服务。转发器被配置在位于相邻的槽(slot)中的转发器对522-527中。在失效的情况下，在每一对中的各个转发器能够作为另一个的备份。在每一对中的转发器与不同的交换器通信。例如，在对522中，转发器5221分别经交换器520和518接收和发送，而转发器5222分别经交换器520和518接收和发送。由于在每一对中的两个转发器在完全不同的交换器上发送和接收，在一个交换器上的失效不需要破坏服务，因为由紧凑的(impacted)交换器提供的服务可以由相邻槽中的其它转发器提供。比较图4和5，可以看出，图5中的转发器对522-527的任何一个或多个可以被诸如图4中的环712和714所代替。
本发明的发明人已经认识到，转发器对522和527所位于的槽(slot)可以被可以在各种方式中使用的一般目的的光接口(GPOI)所代替。例如，这种光借口可以用来容纳转发器(如图5中)，或者作为附加的传输跨度(transmission span)可以通过其位于的接口，如图4所示。这种类型的接口与现有技术相比具有优点，其在这两种服务借口之间进行区分，因此对每一种服务要求不同的装置，它必须被预期到并且被装配在网络中。因此，现有技术的接口要求精确的计划来确保所有正确的接口被正确地安装在需要这些服务的网络中的适当点之处。然而，如果根据本发明的GPOI被在初始时安装在网络中，使得它可以用于转发器中的光服务结束或者用于透明路由光服务到另一个物理位置或网络，则不需要这种计划。如果系统是设计为模块化方式，使得GPOI的总数等于波长的总数，网络操作者将永远不会准备好，并且不能提供这些服务或者应用。而且，本发明平衡不同类型的光交换器的灵活性，以同时提供与光接口互连的即插即用转发器接口的好处，所述光接口可以扩展在光节点的附近之外的光服务的到达区。这种措施是有利的，因为在节点撤出的光互连和转发器都是影响消耗波长的应用，在此，存在有限数目的交换。因此，为所有的应用使用相同的资源池自然是很有效的。
图6示出采用图4的环网络400的另一个网络结构，其中，复制图中所示的结构，用于常规的两个光纤单向系统的第二个方向。在这种结构中，中心局节点430互连到第二环网络600。第二环网络600包括类似于中心局节点430的中心局节点630，包括两个串行连接可重配置光交换器602和604。如图5所示的交换器602，604，702和704的本地端口通常被保留作为转发器端口，被用作两个环400和600之间的交叉连接。在这种网络结构中，交叉连接业务被传送到第二环而不是如在图4中所示被环送回原始环。
应当注意，在这种结构中，有两个通路用于交叉连接业务。一个通路从节点430的左边连接到节点630的右边。第二通路连接节点430的右边到节点630的左边。虽然这些双端口不是严格必须的，它们为所提供的任何服务的通路保护提供沿着互连的不同路由。这个通路保护指的是如果沿着这些通路的一个通路的任何交换器、放大器、或光纤连接失效，通过在沿着它的源环的其它方向上传送，通过第二互连、然后在绕着它的目的环的其它方向上传送来完成通路，服务能够被恢复。尽管这种结构提供了保护，如果沿着任何环或者在互连中存在失效，必须使用影响网络的其余部分的保护通路。对于带有专用保护的服务而言这不是问题，因为总是由服务的备份来激活备份通路。然而，如果使用共享保护，必须建立令人厌烦的保护，因为环和互连必须共同协作以建立给定的保护通路，即使推测仅仅是网络的单一部分发生失效。通过在节点430和节点630之间的互连的备份对(duplicatepair)，可以为共享保护应用极大地消除这种限制，所述备份对允许信号从430的左边进入到节点630，信号从节点430的右边进入并且从节点630的右边退出。利用这种结构，根据使用的互连端口，当进入独立于源环中的路由方向的新环时，有可能确定给定信号的路由方向。而且，这种结构还允许将保护重配置与已失效的环或互连部件隔离开。例如，信号从节点420经节点430传送到节点630，并且在节点620处撤出。如果在沿着节点420和430的通路的环400中出现失效，可以通过节点路由保护信号到节点430，在节点430处，信号将沿着将通过在节点630中的重配置交换直接到节点620的互连端口撤出。复制的互连结构允许当进入第二环时灵活地确定路由方向，该结构不要求在发生失效的环(即，节点600)中的光通路改变。这种共享结构减少了参与保护交换器的网络部件的数目，改善了保护的可靠性，同时降低了实现的复杂性。最后，减少了保护信号必须沿着保护通路穿越网络的最大距离，这在很多情况下，允许不需要任何光电再生就可以实现保护。

Claims (4)

1.在一种包括由通信链路互连的多个节点的WDM光通信系统中，一种节点，其包括：
光耦合结构，具有：至少一个输入端口，用于接收WDM信号；和多个输出端口，用于有选择地接收所述WDM光信号的一个或多个波长成分，所述结构适于重配置它的工作状态以(i)有选择地将在所述输入端口上接收到的任何一个波长成分引导到任何输出端口，而与所述波长成分的其它成分无关，和(ii)有选择地将两个或多个所述波长成分的两个或多个的任何组合从所述输入端口引导到作为WDM输出端口的至少两个输出端口；
光耦合到所述WDM输出端口的第一个输出端口的至少一个光WDM接口，所述光WDM适于在不同时候容纳可以通过其传送WDM信号的转发器和传输链路；和
耦合到所述WDM输出端口的第二输出端口的至少一个转发器。
2.在如权利要求1所述的系统中，在一个节点中，所述转发器适于接收来自第二WDM输出端口的多个波长成分。
3.一种以全光方式在至少第一和第二WDM光通信系统之间传送WDM信号的互连设备，每一个WDM光通信系统包括由通信链路互连的多个节点，所述互连设备包括：
多个光耦合结构，每一个都可操作地与所述通信系统的不同的一个相关，用于以光透明方式在它们的各自通信系统中的节点之间引导波长成分，每一个所述光耦合结构包括：至少一个第一端口，用于接收来自一个通信系统的WDM光信号；和多个第二端口，用于有选择地接收所述光信号的任何两个或多个波长成分，至少一个所述光耦合结构适于以光透明方式在至少第一输入端口和多个第二端口之间路由每一个波长成分，而与每一个其它的波长成分无关；和
光波导管，支持至少两个波长成分，且将第一光耦合结构的第二输出耦合到第二耦合结构的第二输出。
4.一种在第一通信系统内和在第一通信系统与第二通信系统之间路由WDM光信号的三个或多个波长成分的方法，所述第一通信系统包括第一节点，具有：第一光通路，用于通过该通路将波长成分传送到第一通信系统中的其它节点；和第二光通路，用于通过该通路将波长成分传送到第二通信系统，所述方法包括步骤：
以光透明方式、通过第一节点的第一光通路将一个或多个波长成分的任何组合进行路由；和
以光透明方式在单个光波导管上将两个或多个余下的波长成分的任何组合在第一通信系统的第一节点和第二通信系统的一个节点之间的第二光通路上路由。
CNA028066707A 2001-03-16 2002-03-15 以光透明方式在不同的波分复用光通信系统之间传输wdm信号的方法和装置 Pending CN1672351A (zh)

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