CN1671695A - 用作pde4抑制剂的吡咯烷二酮取代的哌啶-2,3-二氮杂萘酮化合物 - Google Patents
用作pde4抑制剂的吡咯烷二酮取代的哌啶-2,3-二氮杂萘酮化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1671695A CN1671695A CNA038185202A CN03818520A CN1671695A CN 1671695 A CN1671695 A CN 1671695A CN A038185202 A CNA038185202 A CN A038185202A CN 03818520 A CN03818520 A CN 03818520A CN 1671695 A CN1671695 A CN 1671695A
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- tetramethyleneimine
- diketone
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Abstract
一些式(1)化合物是新的有效的PDE4抑制剂,其中所给出的取代基具有在说明书中提供的含义。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及在药物工业中用于制备药物组合物的新的哌啶衍生物。
发明背景
国际专利申请WO98/31674(=USP 6,103,718)、WO99/31071、WO99/31090和WO99/47505(=USP 6,255,303)、WO01/19818、WO01/30766、WO01/30777、WO01/94319、WO02/064584、WO02/085885和WO02/085906公开了具有PDE4抑制活性的2,3-二氮杂萘酮(phthalazinone)衍生物。在国际专利申请WO94/12461和欧洲专利申请EP 0 763 534中公开了作为选择性PDE4抑制剂的3-芳基-哒嗪-6-酮和芳基烷基-二嗪酮衍生物。国际专利中请WO93/07146(=USP5,716,954)公开了具有PDE4抑制活性的苯并和吡啶并哒嗪酮和哒嗪硫酮化合物。
在Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,Vol.33,No.6,1990,pp.1735-1741中公开了作为有效磷酸二酯酶抑制剂和纤维扩张剂的1,4-二(3-氧代-2,3-二氢哒嗪-6-基)苯衍生物。在Journal ofMedicinal Chemistry Vol.45 No.12,2002,pp.2520-2525,2526-2533和Vol.44,No.16,2001,pp.2511-2522和pp.2523-2535中公开了用作PDE4抑制剂的2,3-二氮杂萘酮衍生物。
发明内容
现已发现,在下面详细描述的哌啶衍生物具有令人惊奇和特别有利的性质。
因此,本发明涉及式1化合物及其盐
其中
R1和R2都是氢或者一起形成一条另外的键,
R3代表式(a)或(b)所示苯基衍生物
其中
R4是1-4C-烷氧基或全部或大部分地被氟取代的1-4C-烷氧基,
R5是1-4C-烷氧基、3-7C-环烷氧基、3-7C-环烷基甲氧基或全部或大部分地被氟取代的1-4C-烷氧基,
R6是1-4C-烷氧基或全部或大部分地被氟取代的1-4C-烷氧基,
R7是1-4C-烷基,且
R8是氢或1-4C-烷基,
或者其中
R7和R8以及与它们连接的两个碳原子一起形成螺连接的5-、6-或7-元烃环,所述烃环任选被氧或硫原子间隔,
R9是-C(O)-(CH2)n-R10,
其中
R10是吡咯烷-2,5-二酮-1-基,
n是1-4的整数。
如果R1和R2一起是一条另外的键,则在式1化合物的六氢-2,3-二氮杂萘酮环系的6和7位上的碳原子经由双键彼此连接(→四氢-2,3-二氮杂萘酮环系)。
1-4C-烷基是具有1-4个碳原子的直链或支链烷基。实例是丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、丙基、异丙基、乙基和甲基。
1-4C-烷氧基是除了氧原子外含有具有1-4个碳原子的直链或支链烷基的基团。在本发明中可提及的具有1-4个碳原子的烷氧基是例如丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、乙氧基和甲氧基。甲氧基和乙氧基是优选的。
全部或大部分地被氟取代的1-4C-烷氧基是例如2,2,3,3,3-五氟丙氧基、全氟乙氧基、1,2,2-三氟乙氧基和特别是1,1,2,2-四氟乙氧基、2,2,2-三氟乙氧基、三氟甲氧基和二氟甲氧基,其中优选二氟甲氧基。“大部分地”在本发明中是指1-4C-烷氧基中多于半数的氢原子被氟原子替代。
3-7C-环烷氧基表示环丙基氧基、环丁基氧基、环戊基氧基、环己基氧基或环庚基氧基,其中优选环丙基氧基、环丁基氧基和环戊基氧基。
3-7C-环烷基甲氧基代表环丙基甲氧基、环丁基甲氧基、环戊基甲氧基、环己基甲氧基或环庚基甲氧基,其中优选环丙基甲氧基、环丁基甲氧基和环戊基甲氧基。
作为任选被氧或硫原子间隔的螺连接的5-、6-或7-元烃环可提及环戊烷、环己烷、环庚烷、四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃和四氢噻吩环。
合适的式1化合物的盐是所有酸加成盐。特别可提及常用于药物的药理可耐受的无机和有机酸。合适的是可水溶和水不溶的酸加成盐,例如与下述酸形成的盐:盐酸、氢溴酸、磷酸、硝酸、硫酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、D-葡糖酸、苯甲酸、2-(4-羟基苯甲酰基)苯甲酸、丁酸、磺基水杨酸、马来酸、月桂酸、苹果酸、富马酸、琥珀酸、草酸、酒石酸、恩波酸、硬脂酸、甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸或3-羟基-2-萘甲酸,在盐制备中所用的酸(取决于所用的是一元酸还是多元酸并取决于目的盐是什么)是等摩尔量的或不同摩尔量的。
可在本发明化合物的工业规模制备中作为产品得到的药理不可耐受的盐可通过本领域技术人员已知的方法转化成药理可耐受的盐。
根据专业人员的知识,本发明的化合物及其盐,当以结晶形式分离出来时,可含有不同量的溶剂。因此,在本发明范围内包括式1化合物的所有溶剂化物和特别是所有水合物,以及式1化合物的盐的所有溶剂化物和特别是所有水合物。
要强调的是这样的式1化合物及其盐,其中
R1和R2都是氢或一起形成一条另外的键,
R3代表式(a)或(b)所示苯基衍生物,
其中
R4是1-2C-烷氧基或全部或大部分地被氟取代的1-2C-烷氧基,
R5是1-2C-烷氧基或全部或大部分地被氟取代的1-2C-烷氧基,
R6是1-2C-烷氧基或全部或大部分地被氟取代的1-2C-烷氧基,
R7是甲基,且
R8是氢,
或者其中
R7和R8以及与它们连接的两个碳原子一起形成螺连接的环戊烷、环己烷、四氢呋喃或四氢吡喃环,
R9是-C(O)-(CH2)n-R10,
其中
R10是吡咯烷-2,5-二酮-1-基,且
n是1-2的整数。
特别要强调的是这样的式1化合物及其盐,其中
R1和R2一起形成一条另外的键,
R3代表式(a)所示苯基衍生物,
其中
R4是1-2C-烷氧基,
R5是1-2C-烷氧基,
R9是-C(O)-(CH2)n-R10,
其中
R10是吡咯烷-2,5-二酮-1-基,且
n是1。
优选的是这样的式1化合物及其盐,其中
R1和R2一起形成一条另外的键,
R3代表式(a)所示苯基衍生物,
其中
R4是甲氧基,
R5是甲氧基,
R9是-C(O)-(CH2)n-R10,
其中
R10是吡咯烷-2,5-二酮-1-基,且
n是1。
本发明的一个特殊实施方案是其中R3代表式(a)所示苯基衍生物的式1化合物。
本发明的另一个特殊实施方案是其中R3代表式(a)所示苯基衍生物,且n是1的式1化合物。
本发明的另一个特殊实施方案是其中R1和R2形成一条另外的键,且R3代表式(a)所示苯基衍生物的式1化合物。
本发明的另一个特殊实施方案是其中R1和R2形成一条另外的键,R3代表式(a)所示苯基衍生物,且n是1的式1化合物。
本发明的另一个特殊实施方案是定义如下的式1化合物:其中R1和R2形成一条另外的键,R3代表式(b)所示苯基衍生物,R6是甲氧基,R7是甲基,R8是氢,或者R7和R8以及与它们连接的两个碳原子一起形成螺连接的环戊烷或环己烷环,且n是1。
所述式1化合物是手性化合物。手性中心存在于式1化合物的4a和8a位。在R3代表式(b)所示苯基衍生物的情况下,如果取代基-R7和-CH2R8不相同,则在二氢呋喃环中存在另外一个手性中心。但是,优选其中的取代基-R7和-CH2R8相同或者这两个取代基与和它们连接的两个碳原子一起形成螺连接的5-、6-或7-元烃环的化合物。
编号:
因此,本发明包括所有可能的式1化合物的纯的非对映异构体和纯的对映异构体,以及它们各种比例的混合物,包括外消旋体。优选这样的式1化合物,其中在4a和8a位氢原子是顺式构型的。特别优选这样的化合物,其中在4a位的绝对构型(按照Cahn、Ingold和Prelog的规则)为S构型,并且在8a位的绝对构型为R构型。
外消旋体可以通过本领域普通技术人员已知的方法拆分成相应的对映体。优选地,在制备过程中,在环己烷甲酸化合物或1,2,3,6-四氢苯甲酸化合物(例如,起始化合物A8、A9和A10)阶段用旋光性分离试剂将所述外消旋体混合物分离成两个非对映体。
作为分离试剂可提及,例如旋光性胺,如(+)-和(-)-形式的1-苯基乙基胺[(R)-(+)-1-苯基乙基胺=(R)-(+)-α-甲基苄基胺或(S)-(-)-1-苯基乙基胺=(S)-(-)-α-甲基苄基胺)和麻黄碱、光学活性的生物碱奎宁、辛可宁、辛可尼定和番木鳖碱。
本发明化合物可例如按反应方案1的描述制备。
反应方案1:
反应方案1表明了式I化合物可例如由4-氧代-哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁基酯制得,在第一步反应中,该化合物与肼基甲酸叔丁酯反应生成4-(叔丁氧基羰基-亚肼基)-哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯(起始化合物A7)。用例如硼烷四氢呋喃络合物还原A7得到4-(N′-叔丁氧基羰基-肼基)-哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁基酯(起始化合物A6)。用浓盐酸处理化合物A6生成哌啶-4-基-肼二盐酸盐(起始化合物A5)。
哌啶-4-基-肼二盐酸盐与式4a或4b所示苯甲酰基-1,2,3,6-四氢苯甲酸、苯甲酰基-1,2,3,4,5,6-六氢苯甲酸、2-[1-(2,3-二氢苯并呋喃-4-基)甲酰基]环己烷甲酸或-环己烷甲酸反应,生成式3哌啶子基化合物。
将式3哌啶子基化合物与氯乙酰氯(3-氯丙酰氯、4-氯丁酰氯或5-氯戊酰氯)反应,以生成式2化合物,在最后的反应步骤中将式2化合物与吡咯烷-2,5-二酮反应,生成式1化合物。
式3哌啶子基化合物与氯乙酰氯(3-氯丙酰氯、4-氯丁酰氯或5-氯戊酰氯)的反应是在例如以下条件下进行的:在惰性溶剂例如丙酮或其同系物、乙腈、四氢呋喃、苯、甲苯、二氧杂环己烷、(二-)乙二醇醚、二氯甲烷、氯仿或同系物、乙酸乙酯或吡啶中,优选在丙酮、乙酸乙酯或二氯甲烷中,在合适的有机碱例如吡啶、喹啉、二甲基苯胺、三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺,优选三乙胺存在下。或者,该反应在下述两相系统中进行:具有一种上述有机碱的上述溶剂与水的两相系统,或包含无机碱例如碳酸钠(或钾)、碳酸氢钠(或钾)或氢氧化钠(或钾)的上述溶剂与水的两相系统,所述两相系统中加入或未加入季烷基铵相转移催化剂例如四丁基氯化铵或其同系物。反应温度通常为-30至+50℃,反应温度优选为约0℃。
式2化合物与吡咯烷-2,5-二酮的反应在以下条件下进行:在合适的惰性溶剂例如丙酮和同系物、乙腈、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲亚砜、二氧杂环己烷或二甘醇醚,优选二甲基甲酰胺或丁酮中,在合适的碱例如氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钙或氢氧化钡或碳酸钾或碳酸钠存在下,优选的碱是碳酸钾。反应温度可以为0-150℃,反应温度优选为20-100℃。
在上述反应条件的变型中,可直接使用吡咯烷-2,5-二酮的合适的碱式盐(例如吡咯烷-2,5-二酮的钾盐或钠盐),以代替通过在反应混合物内向吡咯烷-2,5-二酮中加入合适的碱来在原位制备这种盐。
在另一合成路线中,可将式3化合物与1-(2-氯-乙酰基)-吡咯烷-2,5-二酮[1-(3-氯-丙酰基)-吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、1-(4-氯-丁酰基)-吡咯烷-2,5-二酮或1-(5-氯戊酰基)-吡咯烷-2,5-二酮]反应,以生成式1化合物。
式3化合物与1-(2-氯-乙酰基)-吡咯烷-2,5-二酮[1-(3-氯-丙酰基)-吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、1-(4-氯-丁酰基)-吡咯烷-2,5-二酮或1-(5-氯-戊酰基)-吡咯烷-2,5-二酮]的反应在以下条件下进行:在合适的惰性溶剂例如丙酮和同系物、乙腈、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲亚砜、二氧杂环己烷或二甘醇醚,优选二甲基甲酰胺或丁酮中,在合适的碱例如氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钙或氢氧化钡或碳酸钾或碳酸钠存在下,优选的碱是碳酸钾。反应温度可以为0-150℃,反应温度优选为20-100℃。
如果需要的话,可将通过上述方法制得的式1化合物转化成其盐,或者如果需要的话,可将式1化合物的盐转化成游离化合物。相应的方法是本领域技术人员已知的。
苯甲酰基-1,2,3,6-四氢苯甲酸、苯甲酰基-1,2,3,4,5,6-六氢苯甲酸、2-[1-(2,3-二氢苯并呋喃-4-基)甲酰基]环己烷甲酸或-环己烷甲酸的制备是本领域技术人员已知的(参见例如起始化合物和中间体)。
1-(2-氯-乙酰基)-吡咯烷-2,5-二酮是商购获得的。1-(3-氯-丙酰基)-吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、1-(4-氯-丁酰基)-吡咯烷-2,5-二酮或1-(5-氯-戊酰基)-吡咯烷-2,5-二酮可依据本领域技术人员已知的方法制得,例如通过将氯链烷酰氯与吡咯烷-2,5-二酮钠盐、钾盐或锂盐在惰性溶剂例如四氢呋喃中反应来制得。
适当地,按照类似于本领域技术人员熟知的方法,例如按照在下面的实施例中描述的方式来进行转化。
按照本身已知的方式,例如通过减压除去溶剂,得到的残余物用合适的溶剂重结晶,或者进行一种常规纯化方法,例如在合适载体材料上的柱色谱,来分离和纯化本发明化合物。
盐可这样获得:将游离的化合物溶于合适的溶剂中(例如酮,如丙酮、甲基乙基酮或甲基异丁基酮,醚,例如乙醚、四氢呋喃或二氧杂环己烷,氯代烃,如二氯甲烷或氯仿,或低分子量的脂族醇,如乙醇、异丙醇),其中含有希望的酸,或者然后向其中加入希望的酸。通过过滤、再沉淀、用加成盐的非溶剂沉淀或通过蒸发溶剂得到盐。通过碱化可将所得到的盐转化成游离化合物,其反过来又可转化成盐。以这种方式可将药理学不可耐受的盐转化成药理学可耐受的盐。
下述实施例用于进一步说明本发明,而不是对本发明的限制。同样,其制备没有明确描述的另一些式1化合物可以类似的方式制备或者以本领域技术人员已知的方式应用常规制备方法制备。
在实施例中提及的化合物及其盐是本发明的优选化合物。
在实施例中,RT代表室温,h代表小时,min代表分钟,M.p.代表熔点。
实施例
终产物
1.
1-(2-{4-[(4aS,8aR)-4-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-氧代-4a,5,8,8a- 四氢-1H-2,3-二氮杂萘-2-基]-哌啶-1-基}-2-氧代-乙基)-吡咯烷- 2,5-二酮
将1g起始化合物A1、0.4g琥珀酰亚胺和1g碳酸钾在20ml二甲基甲酰胺中的混合物于室温搅拌18小时,然后将该混合物用100ml乙酸乙酯稀释。将该混合物过滤后,把溶剂蒸发,通过色谱法纯化残余物(乙酸乙酯∶甲醇/2∶1)。从乙酸乙酯中结晶本标题化合物。M.p.171-173℃。
另一合成:
将5mmol起始化合物A2、6mmol 1-(2-氯-乙酰基)-吡咯烷-2,5-二酮和20mmol碳酸钾在20ml二甲基甲酰胺中的混合物于室温搅拌。18小时后,向该混合物中加入100ml水和300ml乙醚。用硫酸镁将该乙醚溶液干燥。在浓缩该溶液时,结晶出了本标题化合物。M.p.171-173℃。
在一个另外的合成途径中,使用乙酸乙酯来代替在上述另一合成的后处理中采用的乙醚。
起始化合物和中间体
A1.
(4aS,8aR)-2-[1-(2-氯-乙酰基)-哌啶-4-基]-4-(3,4-二甲 氧基-苯基)-4a,5,8,8a-四氢-2H-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮
在0℃,将10g氯乙酰氯在100ml二氯甲烷中的溶液缓慢地加到10g起始化合物A2和20ml三乙胺在100ml二氯甲烷内的溶液中。加入完成后,向该反应中加入水,将所得混合物搅拌30分钟。分离出二氯甲烷层,用碳酸钠水溶液洗涤。干燥和蒸发后,通过色谱法纯化该化合物(乙酸乙酯∶石油醚(60-80℃)/1∶1),从乙醚中结晶。M.p.104-106℃。
A2.
(4aS,8aR)-4-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-2-哌啶-4-基-4a,5,8,8a- 四氢-2H-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮盐酸盐
将50mmol(S)-(-)-α-甲基苄基胺和(顺式)-2-(3,4-二甲氧基苯甲酰基)-1,2,3,6-四氢苯甲酸的盐(起始化合物A8)、55mmol哌啶-4-基-肼二盐酸盐和100mmol三乙胺在150ml 1-丙醇中的溶液回流18小时,冷却至室温后,过滤出沉淀并干燥。M.p.285-288℃。
A3.
(4aS,8aR)-4-(3,4-二乙氧基-苯基)-2-哌啶-4-基-4a,5,8,8a- 四氢-2H-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮盐酸盐
如对化合物A2所述,用(S)-(-)-α-甲基苄基胺和(顺式)-2-(3,4-二乙氧基苯甲酰基)-1,2,3,6-四氢苯甲酸的盐(起始化合物A9)在2-丙醇中进行制备。M.p.248-250℃。
A4.
(顺式)-4-(7-甲氧基-2,2-二甲基-2,3-二氢-苯并呋喃-4-基) -2-哌啶-4-基-4a,5,8,8a-四氢-2H-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮盐酸盐
如对化合物A2所述,用(顺式)-2-(2,3-二氢-2,2-二甲基-7-甲氧基苯并呋喃-4-羰基)-1,2,3,6-四氢苯甲酸(起始化合物A10)在1-丙醇中进行制备。蒸发溶剂后,将残余物在二氯甲烷和碳酸钠水溶液之间分配,用硫酸镁干燥二氯甲烷层并蒸发,将残余物溶于二氯甲烷,加入盐酸的乙醚溶液后沉淀出所述化合物。M.p.288-290℃。
A5.
哌啶-4-基-肼二盐酸盐
在90℃下,加热0.1摩尔4-(N′-叔丁氧基羰基-肼基)-哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯(起始化合物A6)和150ml浓盐酸的混合物60分钟,然后蒸发该澄清溶液。用四氢呋喃洗涤残余物,过滤并减压干燥。M.p.256-259℃。
A6.
4-(N′-叔丁氧基羰基-肼基)-哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯
将150ml硼氢化物在四氢呋喃中的溶液(1.0mol/l)慢慢加到0.12摩尔4-(叔丁氧基羰基-亚肼基)-哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯(起始化合物A7)在100ml干燥四氢呋喃内的溶液中。加完后,继续搅拌该混合物30分钟,然后加入100ml水以破坏过量的硼氢化物。然后蒸发四氢呋喃,所得水溶液用乙醚萃取。用硫酸镁干燥溶剂后蒸发乙醚。M.p.112-115℃。
A7.
4-(叔丁氧基羰基-亚肼基)-哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯
在室温下搅拌0.15摩尔4-氧代-哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯(商购)和0.15摩尔肼基甲酸叔丁酯在250ml己烷中的混合物18小时,过滤出沉淀并减压干燥。M.p.172-174℃。
A8.
(顺式)-2-(3,4-二甲氧基苯甲酰基)-1,2,3,6-四氢苯甲酸
按照WO98/31674所述制备。
A9.
(顺式)-2-(3,4-二乙氧基苯甲酰基)-1,2,3,6-四氢苯甲酸
按照WO99/47505所述制备。
A10.
(顺式)-2-(2,3-二氢-2,2-二甲基-7-甲氧基苯并呋喃-4-羰 基)-1,2,3,6-四氢苯甲酸
按照WO99/31090所述制备。
商业应用
本发明化合物具有有用的药学性质,这些性质能够使其工业化应用。作为环核苷酸磷酸二酯酶(PDE)的选择性抑制剂(特别是类型4),这些化合物一方面适合于支气管病的治疗(由于它们的扩张作用以及它们对呼吸频率或促进呼吸的增加作用,所以它们可以用于治疗气道阻塞)以及由于具有血管扩张作用而用于治疗勃起障碍,另一方面,特别用于治疗机能紊乱,尤其是一些炎症性质的疾病,如气道炎症(预防哮喘)、皮炎、肠炎、眼部炎症、中枢神经系统炎症和关节炎等,这些炎症是由以下介质介导的,如组胺、PAF(血小板激活因子),象白三烯和前列腺素等的花生四烯酸的衍生物,细胞因子,白细胞介素,趋化因子,α-、β-和γ-干扰素,肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)或者氧自由基和蛋白酶。在本申请中,本发明化合物的特点是良好溶解性、良好耐受性以及在体内模型中口服给药后具有高的药理效力。
由于具有抑制PDE的性质,本发明化合物可用作治疗人和兽疾病的药物。应用范围如下:例如可用于下列疾病的治疗和预防,如各种原因(支气管炎、变应性支气管炎、支气管哮喘、肺气肿和COPD)引起的急性或慢性气道疾病(特别是炎症或变态反应诱发的气道疾病);皮肤病(特别是增生性、炎性和变应性皮肤病),如银屑病(普通的)、毒性和变应性的接触型湿疹、特异反应性湿疹、脂溢性湿疹、单纯苔藓性湿疹、晒斑、阴肛部的搔痒症、局限性脱发,肥大的瘢痕,红斑鳞屑性盘状狼疮、囊泡性和扩散性脓皮病、内源性和外源性痤疮、粉刺性酒渣鼻和其它增生性的、炎性的和变应性的皮肤病;过度释放TNF和白三烯引起的疾病,如关节炎类型的疾病(类风湿性关节炎、类风湿性脊椎炎、骨关节炎和其它的关节炎疾病),免疫系统疾病(AIDS,多发性硬化症),移植物抗宿主反应,同种移植物排斥反应,各种休克(脓毒性的休克、内毒素休克、革兰阴性菌引起的脓毒性休克综合症以及ARDS(成人呼吸窘迫综合征)和胃肠部位的普通炎症(节段性回肠炎和溃疡性结肠炎);在上呼吸道(咽,鼻)和毗邻区域(鼻旁窦,眼睛)由变应性的和/或慢性的、错误的免疫反应等引起的疾病,如变应性鼻炎/鼻窦炎、慢性鼻炎/鼻窦炎、变应性的结膜炎以及鼻息肉;还包括能用PDE抑制剂治疗的心脏疾病,如心功能不全,或者利用PDE抑制剂的组织松弛作用治疗的疾病,如勃起机能障碍或肾结石引起的肾绞痛和输尿管绞痛。此外,本发明的化合物还可以用于治疗尿崩症和与脑代谢抑制相关的疾病,如脑衰老、老年痴呆(阿尔茨海默氏病)、与帕金森氏病或多梗塞性痴呆相关的记忆功能缺损;同样也可以用于治疗中枢神经系统的疾病,如忧郁症或动脉硬化造成的痴呆。
本发明还涉及治疗患有上述疾病的哺乳动物,包括人的方法。本方法的特征在于给患病的哺乳动物施用本发明治疗活性、药理有效和耐受剂量的一种或多种本发明化合物。
本发明还涉及用于治疗和/或预防疾病,特别是上述疾病的本发明化合物。
本发明也同样涉及本发明化合物在制备用于治疗和/或预防上述疾病的药物组合物中的用途。
此外,本发明涉及用于治疗和/或预防上述疾病的药物组合物,所述药物组合物含有一种或多种本发明化合物。
此外,本发明涉及产品,该产品包括包装材料和在所述包装材料中的药剂,其中所述药剂对以下疾病治疗有效,如拮抗4型环核苷酸磷酸二酯酶(PDE4)的效应,改善PDE4所介导疾病的症状;并且其中的包装材料包括标签或包装说明书,其指明药剂是用于预防或治疗PDE4介导的疾病,而且其中所述药剂含有一种或多种本发明式1的化合物。所述包装材料、标签和包装说明书在其它方面与用于具有相关用途的药剂的一般被称作标准包装材料、标签和包装说明书相同或相似。
所述药物组合物用本身已知和本领域技术人员熟悉的方法制备。对于药物组合物来说,或用本发明化合物(=活性化合物)本身,或者优选与合适的药剂辅料联合应用,例如以片剂、包衣片剂、胶囊、栓剂、贴剂(例如TTS)、乳剂、混悬剂、凝胶剂或者溶液剂的形式,活性化合物含量有利的是在0.1到95%之间,并且通过适当选择辅料和/或赋形剂,可获得精确地适于活性化合物和/或所需作用开始的药物给药形式(例如延迟释放形式或肠溶形式)。
本领域的技术人员,根据其专业知识熟悉适合于希望药物制剂的辅料或赋形剂。除了溶剂、凝胶形成剂、软膏基质和其它活性化合物辅料之外,如抗氧化剂、分散剂、乳化剂、防腐剂、增溶剂、着色剂、复合剂或渗透促进剂都可以使用。
本发明药物组合物的给药可通过本领域通常接受的任何给药方式来进行。合适的给药方式的实例包括静脉内给药、口服给药、经鼻给药、胃肠外给药、局部给药、经皮给药和直肠给药。口服给药是优选的。
对于治疗呼吸道疾病,本发明化合物优选以气溶胶的形式吸入给药;固体、液体或混合的组合物的气溶胶粒子优选的粒径是0.5-10μm,有利的是2-6μm。
气溶胶的产生可采用下述方法,如压力驱动的雾化喷头或超声雾化喷头,当然更有利的方式是用推进剂驱动的可计量的气溶胶,或者采用无推进剂推进,通过吸入微粉化活性化合物的微囊给药。
根据所用吸入系统的不同,除活性化合物之外,给药形式还包括以下所需的辅料,如推进剂(例如在可计量的气溶胶中的氟利昂)、表面活性剂、乳化剂、稳定剂、防腐剂、矫味剂、填料(例如粉末吸入剂中的乳糖)或者,如果合适的话,还包括其它的活性化合物。
为了达到吸入的目的,可以采用各种的设备来产生最佳粒径的气溶胶并给药,应用的吸入技术要尽可能方便病人使用。除了使用接合器(垫片,膨胀器),梨形的容器(例如Nebulator,Volumatic)以及用于计量喷雾剂的、能够产生喷雾效果的自动装置(Autohaler),特别是对于粉末吸入器之外,还有很多技术方案可;利用(例如Diskhaler,Rotadisk,Turbohaler或者是在欧洲专利申请EP 0 505 321中所述的吸入器),应用这些方案可以获得最佳的活性化合物给药。
对于治疗皮肤病,本发明化合物特别以能够适合于局部用药的药物形式给药。对于药物的制备,本发明化合物(=活性化合物)优选与合适的药物辅料混和,然后进一步加工得到合适的药物制剂。合适的药物制剂形式是如下的剂型,如粉末、乳剂、混悬液、喷雾剂、油、软膏、脂肪软膏、霜剂、糊剂、凝胶或溶液剂。
本发明的药物组合物用本身已知的方法制备。根据PDE抑制剂的常规使用剂量来安排活性化合物的用药剂量。因此对于治疗皮肤病的局部用药剂型(如软膏)含有活性化合物的浓度例如是0.1-99%。吸入给药的常用剂量为每天0.1-3mg。全身治疗(口服或静脉内注射)的常用剂量为每天0.03-3mg/kg。
生物学研究
众所周知,第二信使环状AMP(cAMP)能够抑制炎症和有免疫能力的细胞。PDE4同功酶在能够诱发炎症和传播炎症的细胞中广泛表达(H Tenor and C Schudt,in“磷酸二酯酶抑制剂”,21-40,“TheHandbook of Immunopharmacology”,Academic Press,1996),它的抑制会导致细胞内cAMP的浓度增加,并因此抑制了细胞的激活(JESouness等,Immunopharmacology 47:127-162,2000)。
已经有文献阐述了PDE4抑制剂在各种动物模型体内的潜在抗炎能力(MM Teixeira,TIPS 18:164-170,1997)。在细胞水平的PDE4抑制作用的(体外)研究中,测量了大量的致炎反应。举例是嗜中性粒细胞(C Schudt等.,Arch Pharmacol 344:682-690,1991)或嗜酸性粒细胞(A Hatzelmann等,Brit J Pharmacol 114:821-831,1995)的超氧化物的产生,其可通过鲁米诺增强的化学发光测定,或者通过在单核细胞、巨噬细胞或树枝状细胞内肿瘤坏死因子-α的合成测定(Gantner等,Brit J Pharmacol 121:221-231,1997,和PulmonaryPharmacol Therap 12:377-386,1999)。此外,从类似细胞因子的合成或增殖的T细胞反应的抑制作用,可以明显看出PDE4抑制剂的潜在免疫调节能力(DM Essayan,Biochem Pharmacol 57:965-973,1999)。能够抑制上述促炎介质分泌的物质是那些能够抑制PDE4的物质。因此本发明化合物对PDE4的抑制作用是对炎症过程抑制的主要指示。
抑制PDE4活性的测定方法
按Thompson等(Adv Cycl Nucl Res 10:69-92,1979)所述的方法作部分改良(Bauer and Schwabe,Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s ArchPharmacol 311:193-198,1980)来测定PDE4活性。最终的测定体积为200μl(96孔微量滴定板),其中含有20mM的Tris(pH=7.4),5mM的MgCl2,0.5μM的cAMP,[3H]cAMP(大约30,000cpm/测定),待测化合物和可等分的主要含有PDE4活性的人嗜中性粒细胞的胞液,上述内容描述于Schudt等人的文献(Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s ArchPharmacol 344:682-690,1991)中;也包含PDE3的特异性抑制剂Motapizone(1μM)以抑制污染血小板产生的PDE3的活性。用DMSO制备所述化合物的系列稀释液,然后在测试中进一步稀释至1∶100(V/V),得到抑制剂的希望的最终浓度,此时DMSO浓度为1%(V/V),其本身对PDE4的活性影响甚微。
在37℃预培养5分钟后,加入底物(cAMP)开始反应,然后将测试液在37℃进一步培养15分钟。加入50μl 0.2N的HCl终止反应,然后将测试液在冰上放置约10分钟,随后与25μg的5’-核苷酸酶(响尾蛇毒液)在37℃培养10分钟,然后将测试液加到QAE Sephadex A-25柱上(柱床体积为1ml)。然后用2ml浓度为30mM的甲酸铵(pH=6.0)进行洗脱,同时计数洗脱液的放射活性。用空白液的测得值(在有变性蛋白存在时进行测定)对结果进行校正,空白液的测得值要低于总放射活性值的5%。水解的环核苷酸的量不超过最初底物浓度的30%。用非线性回归法从浓度-抑制率曲线得到本发明化合物对PDE4活性抑制的IC50-值。
本发明化合物的抑制活性数据列于下表A中,其中化合物的编号相应于实施例的编号。
表A
PDE4活性的抑制[以-logIC50(mol/l)表示]
化合物 | -logIC50 |
1 | 10.66 |
Claims (18)
1.式1化合物及其盐
其中
R1和R2都是氢或者一起形成一条另外的键,
R3代表式(a)或(b)所示苯基衍生物
其中
R4是1-4C-烷氧基或全部或大部分地被氟取代的1-4C-烷氧基,
R5是1-4C-烷氧基、3-7C-环烷氧基、3-7C-环烷基甲氧基或全部或大部分地被氟取代的1-4C-烷氧基,
R6是1-4C-烷氧基或全部或大部分地被氟取代的1-4C-烷氧基,
R7是1-4C-烷基,且
R8是氢或1-4C-烷基,
或者其中
R7和R8以及与它们连接的两个碳原子一起形成螺连接的5-、6-或7-元烃环,所述烃环任选被氧或硫原子间隔,
R9是-C(O)-(CH2)n-R10,
其中
R10是吡咯烷-2,5-二酮-1-基,
n是1-4的整数。
2.权利要求1的式1化合物及其盐,其中
R1和R2都是氢或一起形成一条另外的键,
R3代表式(a)或(b)所示苯基衍生物,
其中
R4是1-2C-烷氧基或全部或大部分地被氟取代的1-2C-烷氧基,
R5是1-2C-烷氧基或全部或大部分地被氟取代的1-2C-烷氧基,
R6是1-2C-烷氧基或全部或大部分地被氟取代的1-2C-烷氧基,
R7是甲基,且
R8是氢,
或者其中
R7和R8以及与它们连接的两个碳原子一起形成螺连接的环戊烷、环己烷、四氢呋喃或四氢吡喃环,
R9是-C(O)-(CH2)n-R10,
其中
R10是吡咯烷-2,5-二酮-1-基,且
n是1-2的整数。
5.权利要求1-4任一项的式1化合物,其中在4a和8a位上的氢原子是顺式构型的。
6.权利要求1-4任一项的式1化合物,其中在4a位的绝对构型为S构型,并且在8a位的绝对构型为R构型。
7.具有以下化学式的权利要求1的式1化合物
9.化学名称为1-(2-{4-[(4aS,8aR)-4-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-氧代-4a,5,8,8a-四氢-1H-2,3-二氮杂萘-2-基]-哌啶-1-基}-2-氧代-乙基)-吡咯烷-2,5-二酮的权利要求1的式1化合物。
10.化学名称为1-(2-{4-[(4aS,8aR)-4-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-氧代-4a,5,8,8a-四氢-1H-2,3-二氮杂萘-2-基]-哌啶-1-基}-2-氧代-乙基)-吡咯烷-2,5-二酮的权利要求1的式1化合物以及该化合物的盐。
11.可通过将(4aS,8aR)-4-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-2-哌啶-4-基-4a,5,8,8a-四氢-2H-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮盐酸盐与1-(2-氯-乙酰基)-吡咯烷-2,5-二酮在碱存在下反应而获得的化合物。
12.可通过将(4aS,8aR)-4-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-2-哌啶-4-基-4a,5,8,8a-四氢-2H-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮盐酸盐与1-(2-氯-乙酰基)-吡咯烷-2,5-二酮在碱存在下反应而获得的1-(2-{4-[(4aS,8aR)-4-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-氧代-4a,5,8,8a-四氢-1H-2,3-二氮杂萘-2-基]-哌啶-1-基}-2-氧代-乙基)-吡咯烷-2,5-二酮。
13.用于治疗疾病的权利要求1的式1化合物。
14.药物组合物,所述组合物含有一种或多种权利要求1的式1化合物和常用的药物辅料和/或载体材料。
15.权利要求1的式1化合物在制备用于治疗可通过施用PDE4抑制剂来治疗的疾病的药物组合物中的用途。
16.权利要求1的式1化合物在制备用于治疗呼吸道疾病的药物组合物中的用途。
17.用于在患者中治疗可通过施用PDE4抑制剂来治疗的疾病的方法,所述方法包括给有此需要的所述患者施用治疗有效量的权利要求1的式1化合物。
18.用于在患者中治疗呼吸道疾病的方法,所述方法包括给所述患者施用治疗有效量的权利要求1的式1化合物。
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DE10112864A1 (de) * | 2001-03-16 | 2002-09-19 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Verfahren zum Zünden einer thermischen Turbomaschine |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN110330465A (zh) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-10-15 | 深圳市三启药物开发有限公司 | 腙酰胺类衍生物及其在制备防治脱发药物中的应用 |
WO2020258972A1 (zh) * | 2019-06-28 | 2020-12-30 | 深圳市三启药物开发有限公司 | 腙酰胺类衍生物及其在制备防治脱发药物中的应用 |
CN110330465B (zh) * | 2019-06-28 | 2021-05-11 | 深圳市三启药物开发有限公司 | 腙酰胺类衍生物及其在制备防治脱发药物中的应用 |
CN113105411A (zh) * | 2019-06-28 | 2021-07-13 | 深圳市三启药物开发有限公司 | 腙酰胺类衍生物及药物组合物 |
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