CN1606428A - 稳定混合的阳离子和阴离子表面活性剂组合物 - Google Patents
稳定混合的阳离子和阴离子表面活性剂组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1606428A CN1606428A CN02825487.2A CN02825487A CN1606428A CN 1606428 A CN1606428 A CN 1606428A CN 02825487 A CN02825487 A CN 02825487A CN 1606428 A CN1606428 A CN 1606428A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- described compositions
- surfactant
- agent
- hair
- ammonium chloride
- Prior art date
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- Granted
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 306
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 88
- -1 alkyl ether sulfate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 65
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000002453 shampoo Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009960 carding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- CXRFDZFCGOPDTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C CXRFDZFCGOPDTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- MPNXSZJPSVBLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-phenylpyridine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound ClC1=NC=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 MPNXSZJPSVBLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 7
- WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetyltrimethylammonium chloride Chemical group [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920013750 conditioning polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
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- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- VIDTVPHHDGRGAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium sulfide Chemical compound [Se]=S VIDTVPHHDGRGAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- IQDGSYLLQPDQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CNC IQDGSYLLQPDQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- REZZEXDLIUJMMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC REZZEXDLIUJMMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- FIGVVZUWCLSUEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricosane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FIGVVZUWCLSUEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- OSDLLIBGSJNGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=CC(C)=C1Cl OSDLLIBGSJNGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000058 anti acne agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000003213 antiperspirant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(dimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH+](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- JXTPJDDICSTXJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Triacontane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC JXTPJDDICSTXJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- ITFGZZGYXVHOOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylmethanamine;methyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical class C[NH+](C)C.COS([O-])(=O)=O ITFGZZGYXVHOOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
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- BZSGPDZLTINARP-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethyl-octadecyl-octylazanium methyl sulfate Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCC BZSGPDZLTINARP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含水自由流动的表面活性剂组合物,其具有非牛顿型流体剪切稀化性。这些稳定的组合物包括阳离子表面活性剂和阴离子表面活性剂,可悬浮水不溶解的颗粒或部分不能溶解的组分。
Description
发明背景
本申请根据35 U.S.C.§119(e)要求早期提交和待审的2001年12月21递交的美国临时申请60/341,810和2002年4月1日递交的美国临时申请60/369,219的优先权,每个申请的内容引入本文作为参考。
1.技术领域
本发明涉及含水自由流动组合物。具体地,本发明涉及具有自由流动的非牛顿型剪切稀化性能的表面活性剂组合物。
2.相关技术背景
在个人护理表面活性剂组合物如洗发剂、皮肤清洁剂,和用于递送化妆品或局部治疗剂的组合物中,需要很多性能。这些性能的范围从改善组分特征到提高流变性能。
已知的表面活性剂系统一般包括充当清洁剂的第一表面活性剂和通常是发泡剂或稳定剂的第二表面活性剂。第一表面活性剂的作用是通过去垢处理赋予配方清洁性能。第一表面活性剂在大多数情况下本质上是阴离子,赋予配方最佳的去垢效果。烷基硫酸盐和烷基醚硫酸盐是典型的第一表面活性剂。
第二表面活性剂的作用可以是促进或稳定泡沫,增加粘度,和/或减轻第一清洁表面活性剂的刺激。第二表面活性剂一般被分为两类,非离子表面活性剂和两性/两性离子表面活性剂。通常使用的非离子表面活性剂包括氧化胺和烷基多糖。最常用的两性/两性离子表面活性剂是n-烷基甜菜碱,n-烷基酰胺甜菜碱,羧基两性氨基乙酸盐和羟基磺基甜菜碱。
当阴离子组合物作为用于清洗头发的洗发香波时,需要用调理剂处理头发。在洗发香波后使用护发剂可以改善头发的状态和外观。护发剂在冲洗前通常在头发上保持1-2分钟。护发剂通常包含阳离子表面活性剂,所述阳离子表面活性剂通过发干上阴离子电荷的吸引而被吸收到头发中。最普及的表面活性剂的种类是季胺化合物。
现今有许多产品在同一瓶中提供清洁和调理(2合1洗发香波和调理剂)。在2合1洗发香波中使用的调理成分通常是硅酮,脂肪醇,水解蛋白质,阳离子聚合物和乙氧基化烷基胺。在这些配方中不使用阳离子季胺化合物,因为它与在洗发香波体系中使用的主要阴离子表面活性剂有不相容的问题,最主要的问题是阴离子和阳离子表面活性剂形成不溶性沉淀物。在2合1洗发香波/护发剂产品中获得的调理性能比单独使用洗发香波和护发剂获得的调理性能差。
长期存在的组分挑战是希望有一种包含用于清洁目的的阴离子表面活性剂和用于调理目的的阳离子表面活性剂的组合物。然而,在一个体系中包含上述两种组分充满了困难。这种困难已在文献中被重复地指出。例如,美国专利4,001,394中指出包括季胺盐如卤化物和硫酸盐的阳离子表面活性剂不能成功地包含在阴离子配方中。在最近的2000年5月,一个重要的洗发剂制造商在欧洲专利申请EP1080714A2中证明“由于洗涤阴离子表面活性剂和阳离子护发剂之间的内在的不相容性,使得形成这样的“2合1”调理配方(例如,具有阴离子表面活性剂和阳离子调理剂的洗发香波)是困难的。”
被提出解决这个问题的方法包括使用专门制造的表现出改善的水溶性和减少溶液沉淀物的季胺衍生物(参见美国专利4,069,347),或为了防止不相容问题而使用一种阴离子交联聚合物的助悬剂(参见美国专利5,114,706)。然而,迄今为止那些方法会导致产品的清洁或调理性能降低,或需要添加特殊成分。
在个人护理表面活性剂组合物中希望获得的其它性能包括一种容易流动却在分散下以类似洗液形式堆积时具有浓厚外观的组合物,和一种具有悬浮水溶解的颗粒,例如活化剂,增湿剂等组合物。这些特征与表面活性剂组合物的流变性能有关。
所有表面活性剂溶液的流变行为,包括个人护理组合物,被认为取决于它的微观结构,也就是在溶液中胶束或其它自组合结构的形状和浓度。胶束不一定必需是球形的,例如,可以作为圆柱的或铁饼状的胶束存在。在较高浓度下,更多规则的液晶相,如层状相、六方相或立方相可能形成。表面活性剂在超过临界胶束浓度或CMC可以呈现有机相。(CMC是指在溶液中开始形成胶束时表面活性剂的浓度)。因此,当考虑表面活性剂体系的有效性时,流变相是非常重要的。
表面活性剂系统的流变能力可用术语牛顿型与非牛顿型流体粘度来描述。牛顿型流体表面活性剂的流变能力被描述为具有不依靠剪切速率的粘度(也就是,当使用不同等级剪切力时系统具有相同的粘度)。非牛顿型流体表面活性剂的流变能力被描述为依靠剪切速率的粘度。在非牛顿型流体剪切稀化表面活性剂系统中,当剪切速率增加时粘度会减少。这种非牛顿型流变行为有效地允许不溶解固体、液体和气体的悬浮。
制备层状相体系的一般方法可在文献中找到,研发洗衣清洁配方的Messenger等人(参见美国专利4,659,497)提出了第一个基于层状配方的工业应用,在所述配方中高水平可溶解的增洁剂,例如SATPP和柠檬酸盐被用来形成层状相,随后被用来悬浮不能溶解或不溶解的增洁剂如沸石。
美国专利5,556,628公开了自由流动的非牛顿型流体剪切稀化的化妆品制剂。被Derian公开的组合物是基于特定表面活性剂的混合物,所述特定表面活性剂混合物包括阴离子表面活性剂、十二醇醚硫酸钠(也被称为月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠)、确定的助表面活性剂和电解质。
非牛顿型流体剪切稀化的配方可遵循美国专利5,556,628的教导制备。然而,虽然上述主体配方在室温(25℃)和较高的温度(45℃)表现出良好的粘度稳定性,但是它们并没有在所有条件下(例如冷冻/熔化)展示最佳性能。
这类化妆品应用的主要焦点在于身体清洁产品,在这种产品中使用了高比率的表面活性剂与水以产生层状结构,之后这种层状结构用来使洗涤油和润肤剂产生程度较高的悬浮(参见例如WO98/13022和WO98/1171)。
其它的公开内容建议使用脂肪酸结构剂来稳定层状相体系(参见例如美国专利号6,150,312,5,952,286和5,962,395)。这些需要脂肪酸成分的体系的的固有缺点是脂肪酸在硬水中形成不能溶解的盐(Ca+2和Mg+2盐),这些盐会在表面例如头发、皮肤、硬表面等留下令人不快的残渣。这种残渣在洗发香波配方中是尤其不愿要的,它会使头发失去光泽,同时充当抑泡剂并对高发泡化妆品配方例如洗发香波和身体清洁产生负面影响。
此外,保持其它已知体系的稳定性和统一性是困难的,尤其在冷冻/熔化条件下。
因此,希望发现一种在低温下具有良好稳定性能的个人护理自由流动非牛顿型流体剪切稀化的表面活性剂组合物。此外,希望发展一种包括阴离子和阳离子表面活性剂混合物的稳定的、单一的表面活性剂体系。
发明概述
本发明涉及一种包括阴离子和阳离子表面活性剂的自由流动的非牛顿型流体剪切稀化组合物。本发明组合物具有改善了的低温稳定性,能够提供给皮肤和头发加强了的阳离子表面活性剂的递送性,并且与先前其它已知的个人护理组合物相比,它具有好的发泡性能。所述组合物通常形成稳定的自由流动的组合物,它可以悬浮水不能溶解的固体或水不能溶解的液体如润肤剂。令人惊讶的是,已经发现,在本发明组合物中阴离子和阳离子表面活性剂的一些混合物不会产生沉淀物。
所述自由流动的组合物可以进一步包括至少一种两性/两性离子或非离子表面活性剂。
制备本发明所述自由流动组合物的方法包括在搅拌下将阴离子表面活性剂和阳离子表面活性剂以使所述组合物被赋予非牛顿型流体剪切稀化性能的数量混合到含水介质中。如果需要可以加热。所述方法可以进一步包括将其它成分混合到所述组合物,例如将至少一种水不溶解的颗粒或部分不能溶解的成分混合到含水介质、阳离子和阴离子表面活性剂的混合物中。包含在这类配方中的其它典型成分包括,例如,防腐剂,染料,香料,螯合剂等等。任选地,一种或多种有益的试剂也可以包含在所述混合物中。
本发明的组合物可以用来悬浮在皮肤和头发的护理治疗中有用的试剂,包括但不限于,紫外线吸收剂,头发调理剂,用于儿童护理配方的头发和皮肤调理剂,皮肤调理剂,抗菌剂,用于头发和皮肤护理配方(包括漂洗应用如洗发香波)的成型聚合物,用于头发和皮肤护理配方的调理聚合物,用于提高对头发和皮肤活性递送的沉淀调理剂,用于头发和皮肤护理配方的含有高分子量和/或阳离子电荷密度的调理聚合物,通常与固体配方混合的表面活性剂(例如椰油基羟基乙磺酸盐),和仅仅在应用时成水合物的溶胀聚合物。本发明的组合物还可以用来制备稳定的、多相的个人护理配方,包括那些在身体清洁剂、洗发香波、皮肤清洁剂、儿童护理配方包括洗发香波和身体清洁产品、面部清洁剂和皮肤治疗中发现的带有有色条纹的配方。
附图简述
图1是表示一种自由流动组合物中阳离子表面活性剂浓度和形成不透明组合物特性之间关系的图表;
图2是表示湿梳理实验的总体性能结果的图表;
图3是表示湿梳理试验的不缠结(高峰负荷)结果的图表;
图4是表示在经过处理的干梳理中的变化图表;
图5是表示干发不缠结实验结果的图表;以及
图6是表示在处理后的静电荷实验变化结果的图表。
发明详述
稳定的、自由流动的包括阴离子表面活性剂和阳离子表面活性剂的组合物可以通过使用和个人护理产品配方共存的表面活性剂的浓度水平来制备。本发明的组合物是自由流动的体系,所述体系能够悬浮不溶解固体或部分溶解材料以及能够在有限的溶解度下提高组合物中材料内含物。这些组合物适合用于个人护理组合物如洗发香波、沐浴产品、洗液、凝胶肥皂、脱落性凝胶、面霜,和用于化妆品或局部治疗剂以及类似试剂的递送体系。另外,这些组合物对于洗衣配方、光滑剂和抗腐蚀金属加工应用,以及对于使用在消毒硬表面中的清洁剂是有用的。
尤其特殊的是,在一个实施方案中本发明是包括一个表面活性剂体系的自由流动的组合物,所述表面活性剂体系包括(a)阴离子表面活性剂,其中阴离子表面活性剂包括烷基硫酸盐或烷基醚硫酸盐;(b)阳离子表面活性剂,其中阳离子表面活性剂包括具有四个取代基团的季铵化合物,所述取代基团可以是烃或氢,并且至少一个取代基团是烃;和(c)水,其中阴离子表面活性剂和阳离子表面活性剂以一定量混合以使所述组合物呈现非牛顿型流体剪切稀化性能,并且使所述组合物在至少一个冷冻/熔化循环下是稳定的。
不受理论的限制,本发明人认为在一些实施例中本发明的组合物可以具有层状结构。无论如何,本发明的组合物具有自由流动的非牛顿型流体剪切稀化性能,并具有悬浮组分例如水不溶解的颗粒或部分不能溶解的成分的能力(这是层状相表面活性剂组合物已知的特征)。
此处所使用的“表面活性剂”一般是指表面活化剂,包括所有阴离子、非离子、两性/两性离子和阳离子的表面活化剂以及它们的各种混合物。优选地,至少一种阴离子表面活性剂和阳离子表面活性剂具有至少一个不饱和脂族基或一个支链脂族基。在一些实施方案中,十三烷基醚(trideceth)硫酸盐是优选的阴离子表面活性剂。
除了在实施例中或其它明确说明之外,在本发明中所有表示原料用量或比率或反应条件、原料和/或使用的物理性能的数值应理解为是用术语“约”来修饰的。在本发明中使用了表面活性剂的重量,重量应理解为是活化的表面活性剂重量,实施例表格中列出的除外。
阴离子表面活性剂的用量,无论是单一阴离子表面活性剂或阴离子表面活性剂的混合物,一般以组合物重量计为约1%至约30%、优选约4%至约25%、更优选约7%至约20%。
阳离子表面活性剂的用量,无论是单一阳离子表面活性剂或阳离子表面活性剂的混合物,一般以组合物重量计为约0.1%至约20%、优选约1%至约10%、更优选约2%至约6%。
本发明的组合物在冷冻/熔化的条件下是稳定的。此处所使用的“稳定”是指在至少一个、优选四个冷冻/熔化循环后,测量所述组合物的粘度降百分数不大于40%、优选不大于35%。一个冷冻/熔化循环是指外界环境直接包围试验样本使试验样本在-10℃下保持12小时和在25℃下保持12小时的24小时周期。
本发明组合物优于以前已知组合物的一个主要优点是本发明的组合物允许只混合阴离子和阳离子表面活性剂而不需要在形成的自由流动非牛顿型流体剪切稀化的组合物中作为稳定剂的脂肪酸结构剂。此外,本发明自由流动的组合物具有好的冷冻/熔化稳定性,而不需要添加单独的冷冻/熔化稳定剂。好的冷冻/熔化稳定性被定义为在至少一个、优选四个冷冻/熔化循环中,所述组合物在测量前后的粘度降百分数不大于40%,优选不大于35%。此处所使用的一个冷冻/熔化循环是指外界环境直接包围试验样本使试验样本在-10℃下保持12小时和在25℃下保持12小时的24小时周期。
更特殊的是,在一个实施方案中本发明是一种自由流动的包括一个表面活性剂体系的自由流动的组合物,所述表面活性剂体系包括(a)阴离子表面活性剂,其中阴离子表面活性剂包括烷基硫酸盐或烷基醚硫酸盐;(b)阳离子表面活性剂,其中阳离子表面活性剂包括具有三个取代烃的铵化合物,和(c)水,其中阴离子表面活性剂和阳离子表面活性剂以一定量混合以使所述组合物呈现非牛顿型流体剪切稀化性能,并使所述组合物在至少一个冷冻/熔化循环下是稳定的。优选地,至少一种阴离子表面活性剂和至少一种阳离子表面活性剂具有至少一个不饱和脂族基或一个支链脂族基。
在一些实施方案中,自由流动的组合物可以进一步包括悬浮在所述组合物中的水不溶解颗粒或部分不能溶解的组分。
在其它实施方案中,自由流动的组合物可以包括一个以上的阴离子表面活性剂,一个以上的阳离子表面活性剂,或二者都多于一个。一些实施方案中可以包括两性/两性离子表面活性剂或非离子表面活性剂以及它们的混合物。其它实施方案在组合物中可以包括一个或多个有益试剂。“有益试剂”是指能被递送递送到皮肤或头发里的、递送皮肤或头发上、或同时递送到二者中的一个需要的位置的任何活性成分。
生产本发明自由流动组合物的一般方法如下。所述阴离子表面活性剂和阳离子表面活性剂在搅拌下以一定量被混合到含水介质中,以形成自由流动非牛顿型流体组合物。所述方法可以进一步包括将至少一种水不溶解颗粒或部分不能溶解成分混合到上述含水混合物中。任选地,一种或多种有益试剂也可以包含在所述组合物中。
如下面表1中所列出的,希望得到的自由流动组合物可以通过混合单一阴离子表面活性剂和单一阳离子表面活性剂形成。在一些实施方案中,可能希望使用包括一个以上的阴离子表面活性剂,一个以上的阳离子表面活性剂,或二者都多于一个的混合物。
表1
包括一种阴离子表面活性剂和一个阳离子表面活性剂的典型配方
成分 | 化学名称 | 实施例#1 | 实施例#2 |
Rhodapex EST-30(Rhodia) | 十三烷基醚硫酸钠,30% | 52.0 | ---- |
Rhodapex ESY(Rhodia) | 月桂基醚硫酸钠,25% | ---- | 71.4 |
去离子去离子水 | 42.6 | 17.9 | |
柠檬酸,50% | 0.2 | ---- | |
Rhodaquat M-242B/99(Rhodia) | 十六烷基三甲基溴化铵,99% | 5.2 | ---- |
Ammonyx KP(Stepan) | 油基二甲基苄基氯化铵,50% | ---- | 10.7 |
在其它实施方案中,如下表2中所示,希望包括一种两性/两性离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂、或它们的混合物来减少或调理所使用的阳离子表面活性剂的用量。
表2
包括一种阴离子表面活性剂、一个阳离子表面活性剂和一个两性或一个非离子表面活性剂的示例配方
成分 | 化学名称 | 实施例#3 | 实施例#4 | 实施例#5 | 实施例#6 | 实施例#7 | 实施例#8 | 实施例#9 |
Rhodapex EST-30(Rhodia) | 十三烷基醚硫酸钠,30% | 53.0 | 49.3 | 53.6 | 53.5 | 51.1 | 49.0 | 48.8 |
Miranol UltraL-32(Rhodia) | 月桂酰基两性醋酸钠(Sodiumlauroamphoacetate),32% | 16.4 | 15.2 | 16.6 | 16.5 | 15.8 | 15.2 | 15.1 |
去离子水 | 24.8 | 23.0 | 25.0 | 25.0 | 23.9 | 22.9 | 22.8 | |
柠檬酸,50% | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | |
Rhodaquat M-242B/99(Rhodia) | 十六烷基三甲基溴化铵,99% | 3.9 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
Ammonyx CETAC(Stepan) | 十六烷基三甲基氯化铵,25% | ---- | 10.7 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
Rhodaquat M-214C/99(乙酸纤维素) | 十四烷基三甲基溴化铵,99% | ---- | ---- | 2.9 | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
Ammonyx 4002(Stepan) | 肉豆蔻基二甲基苄基氯化铵94% | ---- | ---- | ---- | 3.1 | ---- | ---- | ---- |
Ammonyx KP(Stepan) | 油基二甲基苄基氯化铵,50% | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | 7.4 | ---- | ---- |
Loviquat Mono LS(BASF) | 椰油三甲基甲硫酸铵,31.9% | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | 11.1 | ---- |
Loviquat Mono CP(BASF) | 羟乙基十六烷二甲基磷酸铵,30.8% | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | 11.5 |
典型的阴离子表面活性剂包括衍生自线性醇(天然的或合成的)或支链合成醇的硫酸盐或磺酸盐。所述醇可以被烷基氧化。如果被烷基氧化,典型的醇是具有1-4摩尔(平均)乙氧基化物,例如月桂基醚(3)硫酸盐或十三烷(trideneth)基醚(3)硫酸盐,上述硫酸盐是具有3摩尔环氧乙烷的乙氧化长链脂肪醇硫酸盐。适合的阴离子表面活性剂的例子包括十三烷基硫酸钠、烷基硫酸盐、烷基醚硫酸盐、pareth硫酸盐、或它们的混合物。所述阳离子盐可以是碱金属例如钠或钾。或者,所述阳离子可以是铵、三乙醇胺、或二乙醇胺。具有支链脂族基的阴离子表面活性剂在一些实施例中是优选的。具有支链脂族基的阴离子表面活性剂在其它实施例中可能是所希望的。
阳离子表面活性剂被描述为通常在氮原子携带正电荷,为胺盐或季铵化合物形式,包括单烷基胺衍生物、二烷基胺衍生物、或咪唑啉衍生物。
阳离子表面活性剂可以用下列通式描述:
其中四个R基团,R1、R2、R3和R4是氢、有机基团、或它们的结合,前体条件是至少一个R基团不是氢。X代表典型的阴离子,它可以包括氯化物、溴化物、硫酸二甲酯、硫酸二乙酯、乳酸盐、糖精盐、醋酸盐或磷酸盐。如果三个R基团中有一个是氢,化合物可以认为是一种铵盐。阳离子铵的一些例子包括聚乙氧基化(2)油胺/十八胺、乙氧基牛油脂肪胺、椰油烷基胺、油胺和牛油烷基胺。对于季铵化合物(通常称为quats),R1、R2、R3和R4可以相同或不同,但可以不是氢。在一个实施方案中,R1、R2、R3和R4是C8~C24支链或线性的,饱和或不饱和的脂族长链,它们可以具有附加的官能度,例如脂肪酸或其衍生物,包括脂肪酸酯和带有烷氧基化基团、烷基酰氨基、芳香环、杂环、磷酸盐基、环氧基和羟基的脂肪酸。氮原子也可是杂环或芳香环体系的一部分,例如十六烷基乙基吗啉乙硫酸铵(cetethylmorpholinium ethosulfate)或十八吡喃氯化铵。参见InternationalCosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook,第八版,2000,第2卷,p.1703。
单烷基铵衍生物类的季胺化合物的例子包括:
十六烷基三甲基铵溴化物,也就是已知的CETAB或十六烷三甲基溴化铵
十六烷基三甲基铵氯化物,也就是已知的十六烷三甲基氯化铵
肉豆蔻基三甲基铵溴化物,也就是已知的肉豆蔻三甲基溴化铵或季铵-13
十八烷基二甲基苄基铵氯化物,也就是已知十八烷二甲基苄基氯化铵
油基二甲基苄基铵氯化物,也就是已知的油基二甲基苄基氯化铵
也就是已知的椰油基三甲基甲硫酸铵。
其中R为C12-C14
十六烷基-二甲基-(2)羟乙基铵磷酸二氢盐,也就是已知的羟乙基十六烷基二甲基磷酸铵
其它可以使用的阳离子表面活性剂包括,但不限于,巴巴苏油酰氨基丙基苄基氯化铵,椰油基三甲基氯化铵,二硬脂基二甲基氯化铵,麦芽-酰氨基丙基苄基氯化铵,十八烷基辛基二甲基甲硫酸铵(stearyloctyldimonium chloride),异十八烷基氨基丙基-苄基氯化铵,二羟丙基PEG-5亚麻基氯化铵,PEG-2十八烷基氯化铵,季铵18,季铵80,季铵82,季铵84,山萮基三甲基氯化铵,联十六烷基二甲基氯化铵,山萮基三甲基甲硫酸铵,牛油三甲基氯化铵和山萮基酰氨基丙基乙基二甲基甲硫酸铵。
可选择地,通常是指二烷基铵衍生物的季胺化合物在一些实施例中可以使用。这些化合物包括,例如,二硬脂基二甲基氯化铵、二氢化二棕榈酰乙基羟乙基甲硫酸铵、二棕榈酰乙基羟乙基甲硫酸铵、二油酰乙基羟乙基甲硫酸铵和羟丙基双十八烷基二甲基氯化铵。
还可以使用通常称为咪唑啉铵衍生物的季铵化合物。这些化合物包括,例如,异十八烷基苄基咪唑基氯化铵,椰油基苄基羟乙基咪唑啉基氯化铵,椰油羟乙基咪唑啉基PG-氯化物磷酸铵,季铵32,十八烷基羟乙基咪唑啉基氯化铵。
阳离子表面活性剂的混合物也可以在一些实施方案中使用。活化阳离子表面活性剂的用量,无论是单一阳离子或多个阳离子表面活性剂,一般以组合物重量计,是约0.1%至约20%,优选约1%至约10%,更优选约2%至约6%。通常优选至少一个阳离子表面活性剂或阴离子表面活性剂具有至少一个不饱和脂族基或支链脂族基。
所述组合物中水的用量是变化的,但大体来说使用的量为所有其它成分的总百分比加上水的百分比等于100%(重量)。
无论如何,本发明组合物具有自由流动的非牛顿型流体剪切稀化性能,并有悬浮组分的能力,这是层状相表面活性剂组合物已知的特征。
由于组合物具有高零剪切粘度,因此本发明自由流动的组合物能够悬浮大颗粒,包括直到1微米和更大的颗粒,但是所述组合物由于具有剪切稀化性能所以仍然可以流动。所述组合物的自由流动特性在视觉上可以被确定,并且所述组合物可以通过具有可被流变测量的特有的剪切稀化性能的事实来区分。本发明组合物的外观可以包括透明、半透明或不透明,并可以经常包括轻微地带蓝色色彩的外观,所有这些可通过肉眼检测。
在一些典型的实施方案中,可以使用离心法来确定在体系中是否含有单一相或多相。一般一个2ml样本在20,000g(克力)和环境温度下离心分离15分钟。
在一些实施方案中,自由流动的非牛顿型流体剪切稀化组合物可以更进一步包括两性/两性离子表面活性剂,非离子表面活性剂,或这些表面活性剂的混合物。两性醋酸盐如月桂基两性醋酸钠,或两性二醋酸盐在一些实施例中是优选的。两性醋酸盐和两性二醋酸盐也可以使用。两性醋酸盐一般符合下式:
同时,两性二醋酸盐一般符合下式:
其中R是具有8-18个碳原子的脂族基,并且M是阳离子如钠、钾、铵或取代铵。月桂基两性醋酸钠,椰油基两性醋酸钠,二月桂基两性醋酸钠,和二椰油基两性醋酸钠在一些实施方案中是优选的。
上表2中提供了含有阳离子和阴离子表面活性剂的同时还包含两性表面活性剂的组合物配方的例子。
在本发明中可以使用的其它两性/两性离子表面活性剂包括在它们的结构中至少有一个酸基。所述酸基可以是羧基或磺酸基。两性/两性离子表面活性剂具有一个季氮,因此是季化酰胺酸类。所述两性/两性离子表面活性剂通常进一步包括7-18个碳原子的烷基或链烯基。
它们一般符合下面的总结构式:
其中R1是含有7-18个碳原子的烷基或链烯基;R2和R3是相互独立的具有1-3个碳原子的烷基、羟烷基或羧基;n是2-4;m是0-1;X是可任意被氢取代的1-3个碳原子的亚烃基;以及Y是--CO2--或--SO3--。
适合上述通式的两性/两性离子表面活性剂包括具有下式的简单甜菜碱:
和具有下式的酰胺甜菜碱:
其中m是2或3。在上述两个公式中(xii和xiii)中,R1、R2和R3与前面公式(xi)所定义的相同。具体地,R1可以是衍生自椰子的C12和C14烷基的混合物,因此至少一半、优选至少四分之三的R1基具有10-14个碳原子。R2和R3优选是甲基。
其它可能的两性/两性离子表面活性剂是具有下式的磺基甜菜碱:
或
其中R1、R2和R3与前面公式(xi)所定义的相同,m是2或3,或者-(CH2)3SO3可被下式替代的这些化合物的变量:
在与它们等电点一致的pH下加入的两性/两性离子表面活性剂可以减少形成自由流动体系所需要的阳离子表面活性剂的用量。
所述表面活性剂体系还可以任选包括非离子表面活性剂。合适的非离子表面活性剂包括具有疏水基和活性氢原子化合物的反应产物,例如由反应脂肪醇、酸、链烷醇酰胺或具有环氧烷烃、尤其是单独的环氧乙烷或结合环氧丙烷的烷基苯酚所得到的产物。特殊的非离子表面活性剂包括烷基(C6-C22)酚与环氧乙烷的缩合产物,脂族(C8-C18)伯或仲直链或支链醇与环氧乙烷的缩合产物,和由缩合环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷和乙(撑)二胺的反应产物所得到的产物。其它的非离子表面活性剂包括长链氧化胺和长链酰胺氧化胺,甘油基长链酸性酯,山梨聚糖和乙氧基化山梨糖醇酐酯,蔗糖酯,长链氧化叔膦和二烃基亚砜。
所述非离子表面活性剂可以包括糖酰胺,例如多糖酰胺。具体地,所述非离子表面活性剂可以是在美国专利5,389,279中描述的乳糖酰胺的一种,或在美国专利5,009,814中描述的糖酰胺的一种。此处以不会与本申请产生矛盾的程度将两个美国专利引入作为参考。
其它可以使用的表面活性剂包括那些描述在美国专利3,723,325中的,和描述在美国专利4,565,647中的烷基多糖非离子表面活性剂,此处以不会与本申请产生矛盾的程度将两个美国专利引入作为参考。
优选的烷基多糖为具有下式的烷基多苷:
R2O(CnH2nO)t(糖基)x (xvii)
其中R2选自烷基、烷基苯基、羟烷基、羟烷基苯基和它们的混合物,其中烷基含有约10至约18个、优选约12至约14个碳原子;n是0至约3,优选2;t是0至约10,优选0;以及x是约1.3至约10,优选约1.3至约2.7。糖基优选衍生自葡萄糖。为了制备这些化合物,首先形成醇或烷基聚乙氧基醇,然后与葡萄糖或衍生自葡萄糖的化合物反应而形成葡糖苷(结合在1-位置)。然后另外的糖基单元可以结合在它们的1-位置和前述的糖基单元的2-,3-,4-和/或6-位置、优选在2-位置。
当使用时,非离子表面活性剂的用量以组合物的重量计典型地为约0.5%至约20%、优选约0.75%至约10%、更优选约1%至约3%,这取决于所使用的非离子表面活性剂的种类。
表面活性剂常常是作为将它们稀释到小于100%的活化表面活性剂的水溶液或其它溶剂溶液出售的,因此,此处所用的“活化表面活性剂”是指从市售表面活性剂制剂递送送到自由流动组合物的表面活性剂的实际量。组合物中表面活性剂的总量,即阴离子表面活性剂,阳离子表面活性剂,两性/两性离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂的总量典型地包括约8%至约30%的活化表面活性剂,优选约10%至约25%(重量)的活化表面活性剂。
本发明组合物还可以包括电解质。所述电解质可以单独添加至组合物中或可以作为一种其它原料的一部分包括在其中。所述电解质优选包括含有磷酸盐、氯化物、硫酸盐或柠檬酸盐的阴离子和含有钠、铵、钾、镁或它们混合物的阳离子。一些优选的电解质是氯化钠或氯化铵、和硫酸钠或硫酸铵。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,希望在自由流动组合物中包括水不溶解颗粒或部分不能溶解成分。术语“水不溶解颗粒”和“部分不能溶解的成分”是指不完全溶解在所述主题组合物含水介质中的,并包括不溶解或部分溶解类物质的固态或非固态实体。术语“水不溶解颗粒”和“部分不能溶解的成分”也可以被理解为是指和包括所述固态或非固态实体以超出它们溶解极限的浓度存在从而它们中仍有部分未溶解的这些情况。典型地,水不溶解颗粒或部分不能溶解成分可以是固体颗粒、液体成分、气体或它们的混合物。一些优选的气体例子包括气泡。固体颗粒可以包括例如除醇菊硫酮锌、云母、氧化铝、颜料硅、增湿颗粒、天然研磨剂、合成研磨剂(脱落剂)如聚氧乙烯颗粒,以及杏树种子的固体颗粒。水不溶解的颗粒典型地具有约0.5至约3,000微米直径的平均粒度。具有悬浮水不溶解颗粒或部分不能溶解的成分的能力是本发明自由流动组合物所希望获得的特性。
水不溶解液态颗粒包括植物油、动物脂肪、矿物油、矿脂,硅油、聚烷基硅氧烷、聚烷基芳基硅氧烷,以及它们的混合物,并且它们典型的存在量,以组合物重量计,为约0.1%至约25%,优选1%至约15%(重量)。
更具体地,这些液体原料可以包括,例如:植物油类如花生油、蓖麻油、可可油、椰子油、谷物油、棉花籽油、橄榄油、棕榈仁油、油菜籽油、红花籽油、芝麻籽油和大豆油;丁基豆蔻酸酯、鲸蜡醇十六酸酯、癸基油酸酯、甘油基月桂酸酯、甘油基蓖麻醇酸酯、甘油基硬脂酸酯、甘油基异硬脂酸酯、己基月桂酸酯、异丁基棕榈酸酯、异十六烷基硬脂酸酯、异丙基异硬脂酸酯、异丙基月桂酸酯、异丙基亚油酸酯、异丙基豆蔻酸酯、异丙基棕榈酸酯、异丙基硬脂酸酯、丙二醇单月桂酸酯、丙二醇蓖麻醇酸酯、丙二醇硬脂酸酯、和丙二醇异硬脂酸酯;乙酰化羊毛酯醇、羊毛酯、猪油、貂油和牛酯的动物油脂;以及脂肪酸和山萮酸醇、棕榈酸醇、硬脂酸醇、山萮醇、十六烷醇、二十烷醇和异十六烷醇。
水不溶解的气态颗粒或部分不能溶解的成分包括悬浮在自由流动的溶液中的气泡。
香料是部分不能溶解成分的例子,所述香料可以有利地以比先前水溶液更高的浓度混合到本发明自由流动组合物中。
在一些实施方案中,希望将一种或多种有益试剂加入到自由流动组合物中去。自由流动组合物促进有益试剂的递送,同时在一些实施例中它可以被认为是有益试剂的递送体系。“有益试剂”是指可以被递送至皮肤或头发里或它们任意组合的需要位置的任意活性成分。
适合的有益试剂的例子包括,但不限于,阳离子调理剂;脱色素剂、紫外线吸收剂;反射剂;增稠剂;不缠结剂/湿梳理剂;形成薄膜的聚合物;湿润剂;氨基酸类及其衍生物;抗菌剂;抗痤疮剂;抗老化剂;防腐剂;止痛剂;局部麻醉剂;防止头发损伤剂;头发生长抑制剂;抗炎药;除臭剂;止汗药;皮肤润肤剂;皮肤增湿剂;头发护发剂;头发柔软剂;头发增湿剂;维生素类;鞣剂;皮肤光亮剂;抗真菌剂如用于脚配方的抗真菌剂;脱毛剂;刮脸制剂;用于治疗头皮屑、脂溢性和牛皮癣的试剂;反刺激剂;与痔疾相关的药剂;杀虫剂;遮光剂等;和它们的混合物。
阳离子调理剂的例子包括阳离子纤维素衍生物如衍生自羟乙基纤维素和三甲铵取代环氧化物的反应产物的聚合季胺盐,阳离子瓜尔胶衍生物如瓜尔胶羟丙基三甲基氯化铵,丙烯酰氨基丙基三甲基氯化铵的衍生物,衍生自单体二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵的聚合物,二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的共聚物,聚季铵-47,及其混合物。这些调理剂典型地以约0.1%至约7%,优选0.2%至约5%(以组合物重量计)的量混合。
适合的反射剂的例子包括云母,氧化铝,硅酸钙,乙二醇二油酸盐,乙二醇二硬脂酸盐,硅石,氟硅酸镁钠,及其混合物。
紫外线吸收剂的例子包括苯甲酮、波尼酮(bornelone)、PABA(对氨基苯酸)、丁基PABA、肉桂酰氨基丙基三甲基氯化铵、联苯乙烯基二磷酸二钠、甲氧基肉桂酸钾,及其混合物。
市售的可以获得的、能够赋予调理洗发香波组合物合适粘度的增稠剂都适合于在本发明中使用。适合的增稠剂的例子包括:公式中的聚乙二醇单酯或二酯
HO-(CH2CH2O)zH (xviii)
其中z是从约3到约200的整数;含有大约16到大约22个碳原子的脂肪酸;烷氧基多元醇脂肪酸酯;脂肪酸单酯和二酯以及丙三醇的烷氧基衍生物;羟烷基纤维素;烷基纤维素;羟烷基烷基纤维素;及其混合物。更具体地,适合的增稠剂例子包括,例如山萮基二甲基苄基氯化铵,鲸蜡醇,季铵46,PG-羟乙基纤维素,椰油二甲基氯化铵,聚季铵6,聚季铵7,季铵18,PEG-18甘油酸盐/可可酸盐,丙烯酸盐/酒精50丙烯酸盐共聚物、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚3和丙二醇的混合物,椰子酰氨基丙基甜菜碱和甘油基月桂酸盐的混合物,丙二醇、PEG55和丙二醇油酸盐的混合物,以及它们的混合物。优选的增稠剂包括丙二醇酯,更优选的是PEG-150二硬脂酸盐。
适合的不缠结剂/或湿梳理剂包括二油酰基酰氨基乙基羟基甲硫酸铵(、二(大豆酰乙基)羟乙基甲硫酸铵,羟乙基山萮基酰氨基丙基二甲基氯化铵,油基二甲基苄基氯化铵,聚季铵47,十八烷二甲基苄基氯化铵,三鲸蜡基氯化铵,瓜儿胶羟丙基三氯化铵,羟丙基瓜儿胶羟丙基三氯化铵,以及上述混合物。
适合形成薄膜的聚合物包括那些在干燥时充分地在头发、皮肤或指甲上形成连续的覆盖层或薄膜的聚合物。适合的形成薄膜的聚合物例子包括丙烯酰氨基丙基三甲基氯化铵/丙烯酰胺共聚物;谷物淀粉/丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸钠共聚物;聚季铵10;聚季铵47;聚乙烯基甲基/马来酸酐共聚物;苯乙烯/丙烯酸盐共聚物;以及它们的混合物。
市售的、能够提供给清洁组合物增湿性能和调理性能的湿润剂都适合于在本发明中使用。湿润剂典型的存在量,以全部组合物重量计,为约0%至约10%,更优选约0.5%至约5%,最优选约0.5%至约3%。适合的湿润剂例子包括:包括甘油,丙二醇,己二醇,1,3-丁二醇,戊二醇,二丙(撑)二醇,以及它们的混合物的水溶性液体多元醇;具有下式的聚(亚烷基)二醇:
HO-(R″O)b-H (xix)
其中R″是具有约2至约4个碳原子的亚烃基,b是约1至约10的整数(例如PEG4);具有下式的甲基葡萄糖的聚乙二醇醚:
CH3-C6H10O5-(OCH2CH2)c-OH (xx)
其中c是约5至约25的整数;尿素;果糖;葡萄糖;蜂蜜;乳酸;麦芽糖;葡萄醛酸钠;以及它们的混合物。在更优选的实施方案中,所述保湿剂是甘油。
可能对头发和皮肤有益的、以及在某些情况下可包括在本发明组合物中作为调理剂的合适氨基酸类化合物包括衍生自不同蛋白质的水解物及其盐类、酯类,和酰基衍生物的氨基酸类化合物。这些氨基酸类化合物的例子包括两性/两性离子氨基酸类化合物如烷基酰胺烷基胺;硬脂乙酰基谷氨酸盐;辛酰基丝氨基酸类化合物;辛酰基胶原蛋白氨基酸类化合物;辛酰基角蛋白氨基酸类化合物;辛酰基豌豆氨基酸类化合物;椰油二甲基胺羟丙基丝氨基酸类化合物;头发角蛋白氨基酸类化合物;头发氨基酸类化合物如天冬氨酸,苏氨酸,丝氨酸,谷氨酸,脯氨酸,氨基乙酸,丙胺酸,半-胱氨酸,缬氨酸,蛋氨酸,异亮氨酸,亮氨酸,酪氨酸,苯基丙氨酸,磺基丙氨酸,赖氨酸,组氨酸,精氨酸,半胱氨酸,色氨酸,瓜氨酸;其它的丝氨基酸类化合物和小麦氨基酸类化合物;以及它们的混合物。
可能对头发和皮肤有益的、以及在某些情况下可包括在本发明组合物中作为调理剂的合适蛋白质包括具有长链的、即至少约10个碳原子的那些聚合物,和高分子量的、即至少约1000的那些聚合物,以及通过氨基酸类化合物自缩合形成的聚合物。这些蛋白质的例子包括胶原蛋白,脱氧核糖核酸酶,碘化谷物蛋白,角蛋白,牛奶蛋白质,蛋白酶,血清蛋白,丝,甜杏仁蛋白质,麦芽蛋白质,小麦蛋白质,α和β螺旋角质蛋白,头发蛋白质,例如中间丝蛋白质,高硫蛋白质,超高硫蛋白质,中间丝联合的蛋白质,高酪氨酸蛋白质,高氨基乙酸蛋白质,tricohyalin,以及它们的混合物。
可能对头发和皮肤有益的、以及在某些情况下可包括在本发明组合物中作为调理剂的合适维生素类包括复合维生素B,包括硫胺素,烟酸,生物素,泛酸,胆碱,核黄素,维生素维生素B6,维生素B12,吡哆醇,肌糖,肉碱;维生素A、C、D、E、K和它们的衍生物,例如维生素A棕榈酸酯;;和维生素原,例如,泛醇(维生素原B5),泛酰醇三醋酸酯,以及它们的混合物。
用于头发和皮肤护理应用的合适抗菌剂的例子包括杆菌肽,红霉素,二十三烷,新霉素,四环素,氯四环素,苯酚,对氯间二甲基苯酚(PCMX),三氯二苯脲(TCC),双氯苯双胍己烷,葡萄糖酸盐(CHG),羟基吡啶硫酮锌,一硫化硒以及它们的混合物。
合适的皮肤润肤剂和皮肤润肤乳液包括:植物油如花生油,蓖麻油,可可油,椰子油,谷物油,棉花籽油,橄榄油,棕榈仁油,油菜籽油,红花籽油,芝麻籽油和大豆油;酯如丁基豆蔻酸酯、鲸蜡醇十六酸酯、癸基油酸酯、甘油基月桂酸酯、甘油基蓖麻醇酸酯、甘油基硬脂酸酯、甘油基异硬脂酸酯、己基月桂酸酯、异丁基棕榈酸酯、异十六烷基硬脂酸酯、异丙基异硬脂酸酯、异丙基月桂酸酯、异丙基亚油酸酯、异丙基豆蔻酸酯、异丙基棕榈酸酯、异丙基硬脂酸酯、丙二醇单月桂酸酯、丙二醇蓖麻醇酸酯、丙二醇硬脂酸酯、和丙二醇异硬脂酸酯;动物油脂如乙酰化羊毛酯醇、羊毛酯、猪油、貂油和牛酯;以及脂肪酸和山萮酸醇、棕榈酸醇、硬脂酸醇、山萮醇、十六烷醇、二十烷醇和异十六烷醇。
其它的皮肤处理剂和皮肤调理剂可以包括水杨酸,α羟基酸,维生素类,维生素复合物,研磨剂,硅酮,硅酮衍生物,聚合物,天然油类,合成油类,矿物油类,矿酯,甲基葡萄糖甙十环氧乙烷,甲基葡萄糖甙二十环氧乙烷,壳聚醣,以及上述混合物。
合适的头发护发剂的例子包括硅酮,硅酮衍生物,天然油类,合成油类,非离子性表面活性剂,阳离子型表面活性剂,蜡,和聚合物。季铵化合物,例如山萮基酰氨基丙基PG-二甲基氯化铵,三鲸蜡基氯化铵,二氢化牛油酰氨基乙基羟乙基甲硫酸铵,以及它们的混合物,和亲脂性化合物,例如鲸蜡醇,硬脂醇,氢化聚癸烯,以及它们的混合物,也可以被使用。
合适的头发护发剂/柔软剂包括硅酮化合物,例如那些不挥发或挥发的化合物,或它们的混合物,以及那些水溶性或水不溶性的化合物,或它们的混合物。合适的化合物的例子包括它们的衍生物如有机金属取代的聚硅醚,它们是硅酮/氧单体的直链或环状聚合物,并且包括鲸蜡基二甲基硅酮,十六烷基三乙基聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚醇基邻苯二甲酸铵,环甲基硅酮,聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚醇,聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚醇基乳酸盐,水解大豆蛋白质/聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚醇基乳酸盐,硅酮季铵13,十八烷二甲基苄基聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚醇基邻苯二甲酸铵,硬脂酰氨基丙基二甲基硅酮,以及上述混合物。
合适的头发增湿剂包括泛酰醇乙烯醚,植三醇,以及它们的混合物。
遮光剂的例子包括丁基甲氧基二苯甲酰甲烷,辛基甲氧基肉桂酸盐,羟苯甲酸(oxybenzone),octocrylene,辛基水杨酸盐,苯基苯并咪唑磺酸,乙基羟丙基氨基苯甲酸盐,氨基苯甲酸盐,氨基苯甲酸,桂醚酯,甲氧基肉桂酸二乙醇胺,甘油基氨基苯甲酸盐,二氧化钛,氧化锌,羟苯甲酸,辛基二甲基PABA(帕地马酯O),红色的矿酯,以及它们的混合物。
合适的鞣剂的一个例子是二羟基丙酮。
皮肤光亮剂的例子包括对苯二酚,儿茶酚及其衍生物,抗坏血酸及其衍生物,以及它们的混合物。
合适的杀虫剂(包括驱虫剂、防疥疮和防虱子处理剂)的例子包括苄氯菊酯;除虫菊酯;胡椒基丁醚;吡虫啉(imidacloprid);N,N-二乙基甲苯酰胺,它是指主要包含间异构体的原料,也就是N,N-二乙基-间-甲苯酰胺,也是已知的DEET;符合下式的化合物:
其中R5是支链的或无支链的具有约1至约6个碳原子的烷基,R6是H、甲基或乙基,R7是支链的或无支链的具有约1至约8个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基,和K是-CN或-COOR8基,其中R8是支链的或无支链的具有约1至约6个碳原子的烷基;天然的或合成的拟除虫菊酯,其中天然拟除虫菊酯包含在除虫菊内;cinerariae菊叶或红花菊的地(ground)花的提取物;以及它们的混合物。在公式(xxi)结构内的是乙基3-(N-丁基乙酰氨基)丙酸盐,其中R7是CH3基团,R5是n-丁基,R6是H,K是COOR8,其中R8是乙基。
用于脚制剂的抗真菌的一个例子是托萘酯。
合适的脱毛剂例子包括巯基乙酸钙,巯基乙酸镁,巯基乙酸钾,巯基乙酸锶,以及它们的混合物。
合适的外用止痛剂和局部麻醉剂的例子包括苯坐卡因,二丁卡因,苯甲醇,樟脑,辣椒素,辣椒,辣椒油树脂,杜松焦油,薄荷醇,甲基烟酸盐,甲基水杨酸盐,酚,间苯二酚,松脂,以及它们的混合物。
合适的止汗药和防臭剂的例子包括水合氯化铝,水合氯化锌铝,以及它们的混合物。
合适的抗刺激剂的例子包含樟脑,薄荷醇,甲基水杨酸盐,薄荷油类,丁香油类,鱼石脂(ichtammol),以及它们的混合物。
合适的发炎抑制剂的一个例子是氢基可的松。
合适的与痔疾相关的产品的例子包括麻醉剂例如苯坐卡因,盐酸普莫卡因,以及它们的混合物;防腐剂例如苯硫代氯化铵;收敛剂,例如氧化锌,碱性棓酸铋,秘鲁香胶,以及它们的混合物;皮肤保护剂,例如鳕鱼肝油,植物油,以及它们的混合物。
合适的含有有效治疗头皮屑、脂溢性皮炎和牛皮癣、以及与它们相关联的症状的治疗成分的有益试剂包括羟基吡啶硫酮锌;页岩油和其衍生物如磺化页岩油;一硫化硒;硫磺;水杨酸;煤焦油;聚烯吡酮-碘;咪唑如酮康唑,双氯苯,克霉唑,伊曲康唑,咪康唑,甘宝素(climbazole),噻康唑,硫康唑,布康唑,氟康唑;以及其任何立体异构体和衍生物如蒽三酚;吡啶酮乙醇胺盐(Octopirox);一硫化硒;环吡酮胺;防止牛皮癣的试剂包括维生素D类如钙泊三醇,骨化三醇,tacaleitrol;维生素A类如维生素A类的酯类包括维生素A棕榈酸酯,类维生素A,松香油和视黄酸;皮质类固醇如氢基可的松,氯倍他松,丁酸酯,丙酸氯氟美松;以及它们的混合物。
一些优选的有效治疗头皮屑、脂溢性皮炎和牛皮癣、以及与它们相关联的症状的有益试剂包括磺化页岩油,elubiol,6-(1-哌叮基)-2-4-嘧啶二胺-3-氧化物,柔沛(finasteride),酮康唑,水杨酸,羟基吡啶硫酮锌,煤焦油,过氧化苯甲酰,一硫化硒,,氢基可的松,硫磺,薄荷醇,盐酸普拉可索明(praxomine),三鲸蜡基氯化铵,聚季铵10,泛酰醇,泛酰醇三醋酸酯,维生素A和其衍生物,维生素B和基衍生物,维生素C和其衍生物,维生素D和其衍生物,维生素E和其衍生物,维生素K和其衍生物,角蛋白,赖胺酸,精胺酸,水解的小麦蛋白质,水分解的丝蛋白质,辛基甲氧基肉桂酸盐,氧苯酮,米诺地尔,二氧化钛,二氧化锌,松香油,红霉素,维甲酸,以及它们的混合物。
适合于治疗头发损伤的有益试剂的例子包括,但不限于,钾通道开启剂或毛细血管扩张药如米诺地尔,二氮嗪,和化合物如在美国专利号5,244,664中公开的N″-氰基-N-(3-戊基)-N′-3-吡啶基-胍(″P-1075″),这篇文献在此引入作为参考;维生素,如维生素E和维生素C,以及它们的衍生物如维生素E醋酸酯和维生素C棕榈酸酯;激素如促进红血球生成素;前列腺素,如前列腺素EI和前列腺素F2-α;脂肪酸如油酸;利尿剂(diruretics)如螺甾内酯;热休克蛋白质(″HSP″),如HSP 27和HSP 72;钙通道阻断剂,如维拉帕米HCL,硝苯啶,diltiazemamiloride;免疫抑制剂如环孢子菌素和Fk-506;5α-还原酶抑制剂如柔沛;生长因子如EGF,IGF和FGF;β-变异生长因子;肿瘤坏死因子;非甾族的抗炎药,如苯恶洛芬;类维生素A和其衍生物如维甲酸;细胞因子,如IL-6,IL-1α和IL-1β;细胞粘着分子如ICAM;糖皮质激素如倍他米松;植物学的提取物如芦荟,丁香,人叁,地黄,当药,甜橙,花椒属植物,锯叶矮棕榈浆果(锯棕榈),Hypoxis rooperi,大荨麻,南瓜种子,和裸麦花粉;其它植物学的提取物包括檀香,红色的甜菜根,菊花,迷迭香,牛蒡根和其它的如在DE 4330597公开的头发生长促进活化剂,在此以不会与本申请产生矛盾的程度引入作为参考;顺势疗法的试剂如KaliumPhosphoricum D2,印楝(Azadirachta indica)D2和毛果芸香(Joborandi)DI;细胞因子、生长因子和男性型秃发的基因;抗真菌剂如酮康唑和elubiol;抗生素如链霉素;蛋白质抑制剂如戊二酰亚胺环己酮;乙酰唑胺;苯恶洛芬;可的松;硫氮草酮;六氯苯;乙内酰脲;硝苯啶;青霉胺;吩噻嗪;松脂;补骨脂素;戊脉安;齐多夫定;具有至少一个芸香苷选自栎素、异栎素、橘皮苷、柚皮苷和甲基橙的α-葡糖基化芸香苷;以及黄酮类化合物和转糖苷的衍生物,其中它们都被JP7002677所公开,此处以不会与本申请产生矛盾的程度引入作为参考;以及上述物质的混合物。
适合用于抑制头发生长的有益试剂的例子包括丝氨酸蛋白酶,如胰导素;维生素,如α-生育胺(维生素E)和其衍生物,如生育酚醋酸酯和生育酚棕榈酸酯;抗肿瘤药,如阿霉素,环磷酰胺,氮芥,氨甲喋呤,氟尿嘧啶,长春新碱,道诺红菌素,博来霉素和羟基尿素;抗凝血剂,如肝素,类肝素,coumaerins,葡聚糖和indandiones抗甲状腺药,如碘,硫脲嘧啶和卡比马唑;锂和碳酸锂;干扰素,如α干扰素,α-2a干扰素和α-2b干扰素;类维生素A,如松香油(维生素A),异维甲酸;糖皮质激素,如倍他米松和地塞米松(dexamethosone);抗高脂血药物,如三苯乙醇和降固醇酸;铊;汞;阿苯达唑;别嘌呤醇;胺碘达隆;安非他明;男性激素;溴麦角多环肽;丁酰苯;氨甲酰氮卓;消胆胺;甲氰咪胍;降固醇酸;炔羟雄烯异唑;去甲丙咪嗪;羟乙氧拉嗪;乙胺丁醇;乙硫磷酰胺(etionamide);氟西汀;艮他霉素;氯金酸钠;乙内酰脲;异丁苯丙酸;丙咪嗪;免疫球蛋白;茚满二酮;消炎痛;伊曲康唑(intraconazole);左旋多巴(levadopa);马普替林;二甲麦角新碱;甲氧乙心安;甲吡酮;纳多洛尔;烟酸;硫氰酸钾;心得安;吡啶斯的明(pyridostimine);水杨酸盐;柳氮磺胺吡啶;特非那定;甲砜氯霉素;硫脲嘧啶;三甲双酮;troparanol;丙戊酸;以及它们的混合物。
适宜的抗老化剂的例子包括无机遮光剂,如二氧化钛和氧化锌;有机遮光剂,如辛基-甲基肉桂酸盐和其衍生物;类维生素;维生素,如维生素E,维生素A,维生素C,维生素B,和它们的衍生物,如维生素E醋酸酯,维生素C棕榈酸酯等等;抗氧化剂包括β胡萝卜素,α羟基酸,如乙醇酸,柠檬酸,乳酸,苹果酸,扁桃酸,抗坏血酸,α-羟基丁酸,α-羟基异丁酸,α-羟基异己酸,阿卓乳酸,α-羟基异戊酸,丙酮酸乙酯,半乳糖醛酸,葡庚糖酸,葡庚糖酰(glucoheptono)1,4-内酯,葡萄糖酸,葡糖酸内酯,葡萄糖醛酸,葡糖醛酸内酯,羟基乙酸,异丙基丙酮酸盐,甲基丙酮酸盐,粘酸,丙酮酸,黏液酸,糖酸1,4-内酯,酒石酸,和羟基丙二酸;β羟基酸,如β-羟基丁酸,β-苯基-乳酸,β-苯基丙酮酸;植物学的提取物,如绿茶,大豆,水飞雉,海藻,芦荟,当归,苦橙,咖啡,黄连,柚子,hoellen,金银花,薏苡,紫草,桑树,牡丹,葛藤(puerarua),稻,红花,以及上述物质的混合物。
一些优选的含有类维生素A的抗老化剂的例子,包括松香油和维甲酸,抗氧化剂,α-羟基酸和β-羟基酸。
适宜的抗痤疮剂的例子包括,但不限于,局部的类维生素A包括维甲酸,异维甲酸,莫维A胺,阿达帕林,他扎罗汀,壬二酸,松香油;水杨酸;过氧化苯甲酰;间苯二酚;抗生素如四环素和其异构体,红霉素,和抗炎药如异丁苯丙酸,甲基萘丙酸,hetprofen;植物学提取物,如赤扬,云母,菌陈蒿,asiasarum根,birth或胞衣,金盏草,黄春菊,蛇床属,紫草科植物,茴香,五倍子(galla rhois),山楂,鱼腥草,金丝桃属植物,枣,猕猴桃,欧亚甘草,木兰,橄榄树,胡椒薄荷,喜林芋,琴柱草,sasa albomarginata;咪唑如酮康唑和elubiol,以及它们的混合物。
适宜的脱色剂的例子包括类维生素A如松香油;曲酸和其衍生物诸如曲酸二棕榈酸酯;对苯二酚和其衍生物如熊果酚甙;氨甲环酸(transexamic acid);维生素,如烟酸,维生素C和它的衍生物;壬二酸;placertia;欧亚甘草;提取物如黄春菊和绿茶,和它们的混合物。松香油,曲酸,和对苯二酚是优选的。
有益试剂的其它例子包括过敏抑制剂,抗皱剂,止痒剂(anti-puritics),止咳剂,头发生长促进剂,抗组胺剂,抗胆碱能药物,止呕吐剂,防传染剂,血管收缩药,血管扩张剂,伤口康复促进剂,氨基酸,多肽,药物试剂,刮脸制剂,毒藤产品,毒葛产品,烧伤产品,抗尿疹剂,痱子剂,草药提取物,维生素A醛,黄酰胺类(flavoides),感觉剂(sensates),皮肤调理剂,头发光亮剂,细胞周转增强剂等,和它们的混合物。
本发明自由流动的表面活性剂组合物可以作为有益试剂的递送体系。与本发明组合物混合的有益试剂的用量可以变化,取决于例如需要产生的好处和使用者对所述有益试剂的敏感性。典型地,存在于个人护理产品中的有益试剂的用量,以基于组合物或递送体系的总量计,为约0.001%至约20%。在一个优选实施例中,存在的有益试剂的量,以组合物总重量计,为约0.001%至约10%,最优选的范围是约0.001%至约5%。一种或多种有益试剂可以在任何给出的实施例中使用。要包括的有益试剂的选择将会依靠预期的最终用途和所选择的有益试剂的相互的相容性。
可加入到本发明组合物中的其它成分包括那些典型地加入到个人护理产品或清洁产品中的物质,所有这些物质在提高产品的外观性能或化妆性能方面是有用的。所述成分可以包括,例如,辅助增稠剂如羧甲基纤维,硅酸铝镁,羟乙基纤维素,甲基纤维素,Carbopol,葡糖胺;香水;多价螯合剂如乙二胺四乙酸四钠(Na4-EDTA),EHDP,或它们的混合物,它们可以以范围为约0.01%至约5%的不同的量存在,优选约0.01%至约3%(重量);和着色剂,颜料,遮光剂和珠光剂如硬脂酸锌,硬脂酸镁,TiO2,EGMS(乙二醇单硬质酸酯)和Lytron621(苯乙烯/丙烯酸盐共聚物)。
抗菌剂内含物在一些实施例中可以有利地使用。这些抗菌剂包括,例如,2-羟基-4,2′4′三氯二苯醚(DP300);防腐剂如二羟甲基二甲基乙内酰脲(Glydant XL1000),对羟基苯甲酸酯,山梨酸等等;抗氧化剂诸如丁化羟基甲苯(BHT),和它们的混合物。
本发明组合物可以用来悬浮用于头发和皮肤护理治疗的试剂,所述试剂包括包括,但不限于,紫外线吸收剂,头发调理剂,用于儿童护理配方的头发和皮肤调理剂包括洗发香波和身体清洁产品,皮肤调理剂,抗菌剂,用于头发和皮肤护理配方(包括漂洗应用如洗发香波)的成型聚合物,用于头发和皮肤护理配方的调理聚合物,用于提高对头发和皮肤活性递送的沉淀调理剂,拥有高分子量和/或阳离子电荷密度的用于头发和皮肤护理配方的调理聚合物,通常与固体配方混合的表面活性剂(例如椰油基羟基乙磺酸盐),和仅仅在应用时成水合物的溶胀聚合物。
本发明的组合物可以用来制备个人护理产品如洗发香波,皮肤清洁配方,用于递送化妆品试剂或局部治疗剂的组合物。本发明的组合物还可以用来制备稳定的、多相的个人护理配方,包括那些在身体清洁剂、洗发香波、皮肤清洁剂、儿童护理配方包括洗发香波和身体清洁产品、面部清洁剂和皮肤治疗中发现的带有有色条纹的配方/包括有彩色纹的那些在身体清洁剂、洗发香波、皮肤清洁剂中发现的配方,儿童护理配方包括洗发香波和身体清洁产品,面部洗涤和皮肤处理。任选地,本发明组合物可以用来制备洗衣配方、光滑剂和用于金属加工应用的抗腐蚀剂,以及使用在消毒硬表面中的清洁剂。
在本发明的组合物被用作洗发香波的实施例中,将洗发香波应用于湿发,然后依据已知的习惯洗涤头发。较为优选地,冲洗前将组合物在头发上保留约0至约10分钟,优选约1-5分钟。
所述自由流动组合物可通过在伴有搅拌的含水介质中将至少一种阴离子表面活性剂,至少一种阳离子表面活性剂,和可以选择地一种两性/两性离子表面活性剂,一种非离子表面活性剂,或它们的混合物混合进行制备。表面活性剂的用量是可使产生的含水混合物具有非牛顿型流体剪切稀化性能,并使所述混合物呈现与稳定的自由流动组合物相关联的性能的数量。当包括一个两性表面活性剂时,可以调节组合物的pH以使两性表面活性剂保持在阴离子状态或中性状态。典型地,将pH调节到约5.5至约6.5。
在一些实施方案中,固体水不溶解颗粒或部分不能溶解的成分可以和表面活化剂混合来分散不溶解的颗粒或部分不能溶解的成分。在使用了不溶解油的实施例中,希望更有力的混合以剪切所述油至细的小滴。也希望预热所述组分并在高于外界温度的环境下混合。当使用了加温时,对温度敏感的添加剂如香料和着色剂可以在混合过程的最后或温度返回至接近外界环境后添加。
在一个优选实施方案中,制备本发明所述自由流动组合物的方法包括在适度的搅拌下,将阴离子表面活性剂和阳离子表面活性剂以使所述组合物被赋予非牛顿型流体剪切稀化相结构的数量混合到含水介质中。所述表面活性剂在适度的搅拌下混合直到混合均匀,当必需溶解阳离子表面活性剂时可以加热。在一些实施例中,所述方法可以进一步包括混合至少一种水不溶解的颗粒或部分不能溶解的成分,有益试剂,或它们的混合物。如果这些附加成分是部分或完全溶解在油或水中,为了保持自由流动的结构,表面活性剂浓度的调节是必需的。
下列非限制性实施例是对可依据本发明制备和使用的、自由流动的非牛顿型流体剪切稀化组合物的概括范围的例证性说明。
实施例1
阳离子作为阴离子非牛顿型流体体系的稳定剂
不同的阳离子表面活性剂在一个阴离子/两性基础配方(以下称为“基础体系”)中测试。代表性配方和代表性实验的试验数据在下表3-11中给出。首先制备在表3中示出的基础体系,调节pH,然后用于配制表4-10所列出的组合物。
表3
基础体系配方
组分 | wt(g) | w/w% | %Act |
十三烷基醚硫酸钠(或TDES)30%,RhodapexEST-30(Rhodia) | 1940 | 55.0 | 16.2 |
月桂酰基两性醋酸钠(或SLAA)32%;MiranolUltra L-32(Rhodia) | 600 | 17.0 | 5.3 |
水 | 920 | 26.0 | |
50%柠檬酸 | 69.22 | 2.0 | |
3529.22 | 100.0 | 21.5 |
对于下表4-10中所列出的阳离子和阴离子体系,将一个阳离子表面活性剂加入到基础体系的标准等分部分中。比较特殊地是,这个过程通过下列步骤来完成:将标准量的上表3中所列出的基础配方加入到一个4盎斯的瓶中,然后将标准量的阳离子表面活性剂加至所述瓶中,并用手通过搅拌或振动瓶子1分钟来混合表面活性剂。因为样本中的阳离子表面活性剂是固体,为了溶解固体,在混合前要将阳离子表面活性剂经声波处理1小时。
实验溶液通过目视观察和离心机分离实验结果来测定稳定性和自由流动结构的存在。在20,000g(g力)和外界温度的条件下离心分离15分钟,稳定的自由流动组合物具有从不透明到半透明的单相,并且在某些情况下它也具有轻微的蓝色。出现澄清的溶液或层表示在所述溶液或层中缺乏自由流动结构。
在下表4-10中给出了实验组合物和结果。(“结构”或“结构化”是指一个显示剪切稀化性能的体系)
附图1示出了表4-10配方的不透明性。
表4
十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作为阳离子表面活性剂
样本 | %活化TDES | %活化SLAA | %活化阳离子 | 离心分离的外观 |
1 | 16.10 | 5.31 | 0.50 | 80%清澈 |
2 | 16.02 | 5.28 | 0.99 | 30%清澈 |
3 | 15.94 | 5.26 | 1.48 | 25%清澈 |
4 | 15.86 | 5.23 | 1.96 | 30%清澈 |
5 | 15.78 | 5.21 | 2.44 | 25%清澈 |
6 | 15.70 | 5.18 | 2.91 | 稳定/结构化 |
7 | 15.63 | 5.16 | 3.38 | 稳定/结构化 |
8 | 15.55 | 5.13 | 3.85 | 稳定/结构化/蓝色 |
表5
十六烷基三甲基氯化铵作为阳离子表面活性剂
样本 | %活化TDES | %活化SLAA | %活化阳离子 | 离心分离的外观 |
1 | 15.55 | 5.13 | 0.96 | 25%清澈 |
2 | 14.98 | 4.94 | 1.85 | 稳定/不透明 |
3 | 14.44 | 4.76 | 2.68 | 稳定/半透明 |
4 | 13.94 | 4.60 | 3.45 | 稳定/半透明 |
5 | 13.48 | 4.45 | 4.17 | 稳定/半透明 |
表6
肉豆蔻基三甲基溴化铵作为阳离子表面活性剂
样本 | %活化TDES | %活化SLAA | %活化阳离子 | 离心分离的外观 |
1 | 16.02 | 5.28 | 0.99 | 25%清澈 |
2 | 15.86 | 5.23 | 1.96 | 5%清澈 |
3 | 15.70 | 5.18 | 2.91 | 稳定/半透明 |
4 | 15.55 | 5.13 | 3.85 | 稳定/半透明 |
5 | 15.41 | 5.08 | 4.76 | 稳定/半透明 |
表7
十八烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵作为阳离子表面活性剂
样本 | %活化TDES | %活化SLAA | %活化阳离子 | 离心分离的外观 |
1 | 16.01 | 5.28 | 0.99 | 40%清澈 |
2 | 15.84 | 5.23 | 1.96 | 稳定/不透明 |
3 | 15.68 | 5.17 | 2.91 | 稳定/半透明 |
4 | 15.51 | 5.12 | 3.84 | 稳定/半透明 |
5 | 15.36 | 5.07 | 4.75 | 稳定/半透明 |
表8
油基二甲基苄基氯化铵作为阳离子表面活性剂
样本 | %活化TDES | %活化SLAA | %活化阳离子 | 离心分离的外观 |
1 | 15.86 | 5.23 | 0.98 | 40%清澈 |
2 | 15.55 | 5.13 | 1.92 | 稳定/不透明 |
3 | 15.26 | 5.03 | 2.83 | 稳定/半透明 |
4 | 14.98 | 4.94 | 3.70 | 稳定/半透明 |
5 | 14.71 | 4.85 | 4.55 | 稳定/半透明 |
表9
椰油基三甲基铵硫酸二甲酯作为阳离子表面活性剂
样本 | %活化TDES | %活化SLAA | %活化阳离子 | 离心分离的外观 |
1 | 15.68 | 5.17 | 0.97 | 40%清澈 |
2 | 15.22 | 5.02 | 1.88 | 3%清澈 |
3 | 14.79 | 4.88 | 2.74 | 稳定/半透明 |
4 | 14.37 | 4.74 | 3.55 | 稳定/半透明 |
5 | 13.98 | 4.61 | 4.32 | 稳定/半透明 |
表10
羟乙基肉豆蔻基二甲基磷酸铵
样本 | %活化TDES | %活化SLAA | %活化阳离子 | 离心分离的外观 |
1 | 15.68 | 5.17 | 0.97 | 45%清澈 |
2 | 15.22 | 5.02 | 1.88 | 10%清澈 |
3 | 14.79 | 4.88 | 2.74 | 稳定/不透明 |
4 | 14.37 | 4.74 | 3.55 | 稳定/半透明 |
5 | 13.98 | 4.61 | 4.32 | 稳定/半透明 |
随着逐渐增加阳离子表面活性剂的用量,在基础体系中使用高浓度的表面活化剂(阴离子的和两性的)的效果也被测试。如下表11所示,增加表面活性剂体系的浓度必需在体系中使用少量的阳离子表面活性剂。
表11
样本 | %活化TDES | %活化SLAA | %活化阳离子 | 离心分离的外观 |
1 | 21.6 | 7.1 | 1.0 | 模糊的/没有显示结构化 |
2 | 21.4 | 7.1 | 2.0 | 稍微模糊的/显示结构化 |
3 | 21.2 | 7.0 | 3.0 | 增强的不透明性/显示结构化 |
4 | 21.0 | 6.9 | 4.0 | 增强的不透明性/显示结构化 |
5 | 20.7 | 6.8 | 5.0 | 增强的不透明性/显示结构化 |
在两性表面活性剂不存在的条件下,含有阳离子表面活性剂和阴离子表面活性剂配方的实施例和试验结果在下表12和表13中示出。
表12
样本 | %活化的TDES | %活化的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 | 离心分离的外观 |
1 | 15.68 | 2.91 | 65%清澈 |
2 | 15.60 | 3.38 | 55%清澈 |
3 | 15.53 | 3.85 | 40%清澈 |
4 | 15.45 | 4.31 | 15%清澈 |
5 | 15.38 | 4.76 | 稳定/不透明 |
6 | 15.30 | 5.21 | 稳定/半透明 |
表13
样本 | %活化TDES | %活化的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 | 离心分离的外观 |
1 | 19.44 | 1.46 | 清澈 |
2 | 18.89 | 2.83 | 5%清澈 |
3 | 18.37 | 4.13 | 稳定/不透明 |
4 | 17.88 | 5.36 | 稳定/不透明/带蓝色 |
5 | 17.41 | 6.52 | 稳定/不透明/带蓝色 |
6 | 16.97 | 7.63 | 稳定/不透明/带蓝色 |
通常,如上述试样所示范,已经发现,使用混合比为75∶25的十三烷基醚硫酸钠和月桂基两性醋酸钠的混合物可以减少形成所需自由流动组合物体系中需要的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的用量(从不包含两性表面活性剂体系中需要的5.5%到包含两性表面活性剂体系中需要的3.5%-4%)。
实施例2
十三烷基醚硫酸盐和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的自由流动
组合物的头发调理的益处
对十三烷基醚硫酸盐和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的自由流动组合物在湿和干梳理性能以及减少静电性能方面进行了测定。所述测定使用了Diastron张力仪在一绺湿的和干的头发上来测量梳理和不缠结的总体性能。
准备实验中所使用的头发并且在每ADTM 6A上测定。实验样本是由重量约2g和长度为18cm,调节损伤的欧洲人的褐色头发组成。梳理测量是使用了Diastron TMM 160张力仪测定的。干发是在温度和适度在70-72华氏温度和43%-50%的室内相对湿度的控制室内分析的。静电测量是使用了Simco Electrostatic Locator type SS-2X;孔径X10;范围X2;并在头发间距离调至3英寸的孔径下操作的。
梳理研究是通过使用了3个制定的体系和水作为未处理控制操作的。配方如下:
1.十三烷基醚硫酸钠(TDES)与3%肉豆蔻基三甲基溴化铵(如在附图2-6中指定的M242B);
2.市售得到的由Proctor & Gamble生产的PanteneTM2合1洗发香波(如在附图2-6中指定的Pantene);
3.水;和
4.TDES与月桂基两性醋酸钠(SLAA)(如在附图2-6中指定的);
图2示出了湿梳理的总体性能。总体性能是在标准梳理曲线下的总面积。三个配方的性能都优于水,并且M242B和AA配方的性能比市售得到的2合1洗发香波的性能稍好些。
图3示出了不缠结和湿梳理实验的结果。不缠结是通过比较记录在每个单独梳理研究的最高峰值计算出的。不缠结是减少最大负荷的处理能力的量度。三个配方的性能都优于水,并且M242B和市售得到的2合1洗发香波性能相同,且它们的性能稍稍优于AA。
干梳理总体性能变化(Δ)的结果在图4中给出。对于干梳理,即在梳理前处理和梳理后处理的记载的变化值,因此,值越高显示的性能越好。如图4所示,M242B大大优于水和AA,并且显著地优于市售得到的2合1洗发香波。
图5示出了干法实验的不缠结结果。AA配方产生的有利结果大大少于其它两个配方和水。
图6示出了静电实验的结果。处理前和处理后都进行了测量,并且记录差别;因此,值越高显示的性能越好。M242B大大优于水和AA,而且优于市售的2合1香波。
那些本领域的技术人员将会意识到本发明容许被广泛的使用和应用。在不偏离本发明主旨或范围的情况下,从本发明和前面的描述或者合理建议得出本发明的许多实施例和变通办法,包括除了在此处描述的那些方法之外的制备本发明组合物的各种不同的方法,以及许多变化和修改,是明显的。因此,虽然本发明已经通过可仿效的实施例在此处进行了详细描述,但是,可以理解这种公开只是本发明示例性和可仿效的内容,公开仅仅是为了提供本发明完整和可授权的内容。前述内容不是打算或被认为是对本发明的限制,或相反去排斥任何其它的实施例、变通方法、变化、修改,本发明仅仅受附加至此的权利要求和它的等效内容的限制。
Claims (45)
1.一种含水自由流动组合物,所述组合物包括:
(a)至少一种包括烷基硫酸盐或烷基醚硫酸盐的阴离子表面活性剂;
(b)至少一种包括具有四个选自烃和氢的取代基团的季铵化合物的阳离子表面活性剂,其中至少一个取代基团是烃;和
(c)水,
其中所述至少一种阴离子表面活性剂和所述至少一种阳离子表面活性剂以一定量混合以使所述组合物具有非牛顿流体剪切稀化性能和在至少一个冷冻/熔化循环下稳定的粘性。
2.权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述至少一种阴离子表面活性剂选自具有至少一个不饱和脂肪基、支链脂肪基,及它们的组合的表面活性剂。
3.权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述至少一种阳离子表面活性剂选自具有至少一个不饱和脂肪基、支链脂肪基,及它们的组合的表面活性剂。
4.权利要求1所述的组合物,所述组合物另外包括选自两性/两性离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂、及其组合的表面活性剂。
5.权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述至少一种阴离子表面活性剂是十三烷基醚硫酸钠。
6.权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述至少一种阳离子表面活性剂选自十六烷三甲基氯化铵、山萮基三甲基氯化铵、椰油基三甲基氯化铵、二鲸蜡基二甲基氯化铵、山萮基三甲基甲硫酸铵、十八烷二甲基苄基氯化铵、牛油基三甲基氯化铵、十六烷三甲基溴化铵、山萮基酰氨基丙基乙基二甲基乙硫酸铵、二硬脂基二甲基氯化铵、肉豆蔻基三甲基溴化铵、十八烷二甲基苄基氯化铵、油基二甲基苄基氯化铵、椰油基三甲基甲硫酸铵、十八烷基辛基二甲基甲硫酸铵、二羟丙基PEG-5亚麻基氯化铵、季铵18、季铵80、季铵84和羟乙基鲸蜡基二甲基磷酸铵。
7.权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述至少一种阴离子表面活性剂占组合物重量的约1%至约30%,所述至少一种阳离子表面活性剂占组合物重量的约0.1%至约20%。
8.权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述至少一种阴离子表面活性剂占组合物重量的约4%至约25%,所述至少一种阳离子表面活性剂占组合物重量的约1%至约10%。
9.权利要求1所述的组合物,所述组合物另外包括电解质。
10.权利要求9所述的组合物,其中所述电解质包括基本上选自磷酸盐、氯化物、硫酸盐和柠檬酸盐的阴离子。
11.权利要求9所述的组合物,其中所述电解质包括基本上选自钠、铵、钾、镁、和它们的混合物的阳离子。
12.权利要求1所述的组合物,所述组合物另外包括至少一种基本上选自水不溶解的颗粒、部分不能溶解的成分、和有益试剂的化合物。
13.权利要求12所述的组合物,其中有益试剂选自去头皮屑剂、颜料或不透明剂、增湿颗粒、天然研磨剂、合成研磨剂如聚氧乙烯颗粒、遮光剂、植物油、动物油脂、矿物油、矿脂、硅油、聚烷基硅氧烷、聚烷基芳基硅氧烷、酯、脂肪酸和醇、脱色素剂、反射剂、紫外线吸收剂、增稠剂、去缠结剂/湿梳理剂、形成薄膜的聚合物、湿润剂、氨基酸类及其衍生物、抗微生物剂、抗痤疮剂、抗老化剂、防腐剂、止痛剂、局部麻醉剂、防止头发损伤剂、头发生长抑制剂、抗炎药、蛋白质、除臭剂和止汗药、治疗头皮屑、脂溢性皮炎和牛皮癣的试剂、皮肤润肤剂、皮肤增湿剂、头发调理剂、头发柔软剂、头发增湿剂、维生素、鞣剂、皮肤光亮剂、抗真菌剂、脱毛剂、抗刺激剂、与痔疾相关的药剂、杀虫剂、遮光剂,和它们的混合物。
14.权利要求13所述的组合物,其中有益试剂是用于皮肤护理领域的紫外线吸收剂,以保护皮肤免遭紫外线的伤害。
15.权利要求13所述的组合物,其中有益试剂是用于头发护理领域的紫外线吸收剂,以保护头发免遭紫外线的伤害。
16.权利要求13所述的组合物,其中有益试剂是头发调理剂。
17.权利要求13所述的组合物,其中头发调理剂选自硅酮、硅酮衍生物、天然油类、非离子性表面活性剂、蜡、合成油类、阳离子型表面活性剂、和聚合物。
18.权利要求13所述的组合物,其中有益试剂选自用于儿童护理配方的头发和皮肤调理剂。
19.权利要求18所述的组合物,其中头发调理剂选自硅酮、硅酮衍生物、天然油类、合成油类、阳离子型表面活性剂、和聚合物。
20.权利要求13所述的组合物,其中有益试剂选自皮肤治疗剂和皮肤调理剂。
21.权利要求20所述的组合物,其中有益试剂选自水杨酸、α羟基酸、维生素、维生素复合物、研磨剂、硅酮、硅酮衍生物、天然油类、合成油类,和聚合物。
22.权利要求13所述的组合物,其中有益试剂选自抗菌剂。
23.权利要求22所述的组合物,其中抗菌剂选自二十三烷、TCC、CHG、羟基吡啶硫酮锌、PCMX,和一硫化硒。
24.权利要求13所述的组合物,其中有益试剂包括头发成型聚合物。
25.权利要求13所述的组合物,其中有益试剂选自具有高分子量的调理聚合物和具有高阳离子电荷密度的调理聚合物。
26.权利要求13所述的组合物,其中有益试剂包括沉淀调理聚合物。
27.权利要求13所述的组合物,其中有益试剂包括通常与固体配方相关的表面活性剂。
28.权利要求27所述的组合物,其中所述表面活性剂包括椰油基羟乙基磺酸盐。
29.权利要求13所述的组合物,其中有益试剂包括仅在应用时与水化合的溶胀聚合物。
30.一种包括权利要求1所述组合物的稳定的、多相的个人护理配方。
31.权利要求30所述的个人护理配方,其中所述个人护理配方选自带条纹的身体清洁剂、洗发香波、皮肤清洁剂、儿童护理制剂、面部清洁剂和皮肤治疗。
32.一种制备含水自由流动组合物的方法,所述方法包括以足够的量混合下列物质:
至少一种包括烷基硫酸盐或烷基醚硫酸盐的阴离子表面活性剂;
至少一种包括具有四个烃基取代基的季铵化合物的阳离子表面活性剂;和
水;
以使产生的组合物具有非牛顿流体剪切稀化性能和在至少一个冷冻/熔化循环中具有稳定粘度。
33.权利要求32所述的方法,所述方法另外包括将至少一种基本上选自水不溶解的颗粒、部分不能溶解的成分和有益试剂的化合物混合到所述组合物中。
34.权利要求33所述的方法,其中所述至少一种化合物是固体。
35.权利要求33所述的方法,其中所述至少一种化合物是液体。
36.权利要求33所述的方法,其中所述至少一种化合物是气体。
37.一种含水自由流动组合物,所述组合物基本上由下列组分组成:
(a)至少一种包括烷基硫酸盐或烷基醚硫酸盐的阴离子表面活性剂;
(b)至少一种包括具有四个取代基的季铵化合物的阳离子表面活性剂,所述取代基选自烃和氢,其中至少一个取代基是烃;和
(c)水;
其中至少一种阴离子表面活性剂和至少一种阳离子表面活性剂以一定量混合,以使所述组合物具有非牛顿流体剪切稀化性能,以及在至少一个冷冻/熔化循环中具有稳定的粘度。
38.权利要求37所述的组合物,其中至少一种阴离子表面活性剂选自具有至少一个不饱和脂肪基、支链脂肪基及其组合的表面活性剂。
39.权利要求37所述的组合物,其中至少一种阳离子表面活性剂选自具有至少一个不饱和脂肪基、支链脂肪基及其组合的表面活性剂。
40.权利要求37所述的组合物,所述组合物另外包括选自两性/两性离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂及其组合的表面活性剂。
41.权利要求37所述的组合物,其中至少一种阴离子表面活性剂是十三烷基醚硫酸钠。
42.权利要求37所述的组合物,其中至少一种阳离子表面活性剂选自十六烷三甲基氯化铵、山萮基三甲基氯化铵、椰油基三甲基氯化铵、二鲸蜡基二甲基氯化铵、山萮基三甲基甲硫酸铵、十八烷二甲基苄基氯化铵、牛油基三甲基氯化铵、十六烷三甲基溴化铵、山萮基酰氨基丙基乙基二甲基乙硫酸铵、二硬脂基二甲基氯化铵、肉豆蔻基三甲基溴化铵、十八烷二甲基苄基氯化铵、油基二甲基苄基氯化铵、椰油基三甲基甲硫酸铵、十八烷基辛基二甲基甲硫酸铵、二羟丙基PEG-5亚麻基氯化铵、季铵18、季铵80、季铵84和羟乙基鲸蜡基二甲基磷酸铵。
43.权利要求37所述的组合物,其中至少一种阴离子表面活性剂占组合物重量的约1%至约30%,至少一种阳离子表面活性剂占组合物重量的约0.1%至约20%。
44.权利要求37所述的组合物,其中至少一种阴离子表面活性剂占组合物重量的约4%至约25%,至少一种阳离子表面活性剂占组合物重量的约1%至约10%。
45.权利要求37所述的组合物,所述组合物另外包括至少一种基本上选自水不溶解颗粒、部分不能溶解的成分、和有益试剂的化合物。
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2002
- 2002-12-20 JP JP2003556033A patent/JP4299142B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-20 CN CN02825487.2A patent/CN1279889C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-20 EP EP02805972A patent/EP1465584B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-20 US US10/325,150 patent/US20030190302A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-12-20 CA CA2471414A patent/CA2471414C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-20 MX MXPA04006000A patent/MXPA04006000A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-12-20 DE DE60224841T patent/DE60224841T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-20 AU AU2002367171A patent/AU2002367171B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-12-20 ES ES02805972T patent/ES2298438T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-20 BR BR0215245-2A patent/BR0215245A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-12-20 AT AT02805972T patent/ATE384554T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-12-20 WO PCT/US2002/041125 patent/WO2003055455A1/en active IP Right Grant
-
2012
- 2012-03-02 US US13/411,149 patent/US20120213722A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2013
- 2013-02-28 US US13/780,863 patent/US20130171088A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-11-13 US US14/079,117 patent/US20140065088A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN106669531A (zh) * | 2015-11-05 | 2017-05-17 | 南通恒成化工有限公司 | 一种复合表面活性剂 |
CN113520911A (zh) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-22 | 强生消费者公司 | 使用表面活性剂的原位络合用于泡沫控制和调理的方法 |
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ATE384554T1 (de) | 2008-02-15 |
CA2471414C (en) | 2011-11-01 |
US20030190302A1 (en) | 2003-10-09 |
CA2471414A1 (en) | 2003-07-10 |
ES2298438T3 (es) | 2008-05-16 |
AU2002367171A1 (en) | 2003-07-15 |
JP4299142B2 (ja) | 2009-07-22 |
DE60224841T2 (de) | 2009-01-22 |
US20130171088A1 (en) | 2013-07-04 |
DE60224841D1 (de) | 2008-03-13 |
EP1465584B1 (en) | 2008-01-23 |
MXPA04006000A (es) | 2004-09-27 |
WO2003055455A1 (en) | 2003-07-10 |
CN1279889C (zh) | 2006-10-18 |
US20140065088A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 |
US20120213722A1 (en) | 2012-08-23 |
AU2002367171B2 (en) | 2008-02-21 |
EP1465584A1 (en) | 2004-10-13 |
JP2005518389A (ja) | 2005-06-23 |
BR0215245A (pt) | 2004-11-16 |
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