CN1587196A - High light output quick attenuation flash ceramic and its preparing method - Google Patents
High light output quick attenuation flash ceramic and its preparing method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011858 nanopowder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000462 isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001272 pressureless sintering Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LCKIEQZJEYYRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium ion Chemical compound [Ti+4] LCKIEQZJEYYRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009694 cold isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005049 combustion synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000695 excitation spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 titanium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高光输出快衰减闪烁陶瓷及其制备方法，属于闪烁陶瓷领域，其特征在于闪烁陶瓷的组成为：La2Hf2－xTi2xO7；0＜x＜0.1。使用的起始粉料为低温燃烧合成的纳米粉料；采用在氢气中无压烧结工艺，适合大规模生产。本发明提供的透明闪烁陶瓷具有高光输出、快衰减和高的X射线吸收能力。The invention relates to a scintillation ceramic with high light output and fast decay and a preparation method thereof, which belongs to the field of scintillation ceramics, and is characterized in that the composition of the scintillation ceramic is: La 2 Hf 2-x Ti 2x O 7 ; 0<x<0.1. The starting powder used is nano-powder synthesized by low-temperature combustion; it adopts a pressureless sintering process in hydrogen, which is suitable for large-scale production. The transparent scintillation ceramic provided by the invention has high light output, fast decay and high X-ray absorption capacity.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及以铪酸镧为基体、四价钛离子为激活离子的闪烁陶瓷及其制备方法，属于闪烁陶瓷领域。The invention relates to scintillation ceramics with lanthanum hafnate as a matrix and tetravalent titanium ions as active ions and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of scintillation ceramics.
背景技术Background technique
X-CT(X-ray computed tomography)是一种重要的医学诊断设备；X射线探测器是其核心部分，决定其成像性能。当前X-CT一般采用闪烁体硅光电二极管阵列耦合的固态探测器：闪烁材料将吸收的X射线的能量转换成硅光电二极管敏感的可见光；可见光再由耦合的硅光电二极管阵列转换成电流，再将X射线携带的信息转换成图象显示。X-CT (X-ray computed tomography) is an important medical diagnostic equipment; X-ray detector is its core part, which determines its imaging performance. At present, X-CT generally uses a solid-state detector coupled with a scintillator silicon photodiode array: the scintillation material converts the energy of the absorbed X-rays into visible light sensitive to the silicon photodiode; the visible light is then converted into a current by the coupled silicon photodiode array, and then Convert the information carried by X-rays into images for display.
X-CT对闪烁体的性能要求为：(1)高光输出；(2)低余辉；(3)高X射线吸收能力；(4)低辐照损伤；(5)均匀性好；(6)良好机械加工性能；(7)化学性能稳定；(8)发射波段硅光电二极的敏感波段区相匹配。X-CT performance requirements for scintillators are: (1) high light output; (2) low afterglow; (3) high X-ray absorption capacity; (4) low radiation damage; (5) good uniformity; (6) Good mechanical processing performance; (7) Stable chemical properties; (8) The emission band matches the sensitive band area of the silicon photodiode.
当前更加人性化的X-CT的扫描速度更快，这就要求闪烁材料具有快的衰减时间。The scanning speed of the current more user-friendly X-CT is faster, which requires scintillation materials with fast decay times.
由于成像对闪烁体的均匀性高，掺杂发光的闪烁晶体难以满足其要求；X-CT采用本征发光的CdWO4闪烁晶体，但是CdWO4存在加工机械性能差，有毒性等缺点。Due to the high uniformity of imaging to scintillators, doped luminescent scintillation crystals are difficult to meet its requirements; X-CT uses intrinsically luminescent CdWO 4 scintillation crystals, but CdWO 4 has disadvantages such as poor processing mechanical properties and toxicity.
闪烁陶瓷成为一种新的闪烁材料在X-CT领域得到了广泛的应用。上个世纪80年代GE公司首先发展了透明的(Y，Gd)2O3:Eu闪烁陶瓷[U.S.P.4421671]。(Y，Gd)2O3:Eu闪烁陶瓷具有高的光输出和低的余辉等优异的闪烁性能而广泛应用于商业的X-CT探测器。但是(Y，Gd)2O3:Eu的衰减时间较长(约1ms)，不能满足先进、快速扫描X-CT的性能要求。Gd2O2S:Pr，Ce，F闪烁陶瓷[Ito H，Yamada H，Yoshida M，et al，Jpn.J.Appl.Phys.1988，27(8)：L1371-1373]具有快的衰减时间(约几个微妙)成为第二种应用于X-CT的陶瓷闪烁体。但是Gd2O2S是六方结构，只能制备半透明的陶瓷。Scintillation ceramics have been widely used in the field of X-CT as a new scintillation material. In the 1980s, GE Company first developed transparent (Y, Gd) 2 O 3 :Eu scintillation ceramics [USP4421671]. (Y, Gd) 2 O 3 :Eu scintillation ceramics have excellent scintillation properties such as high light output and low afterglow, and are widely used in commercial X-CT detectors. But (Y, Gd) 2 O 3 :Eu has a long decay time (about 1ms), which cannot meet the performance requirements of advanced and fast scanning X-CT. Gd 2 O 2 S:Pr, Ce, F scintillation ceramics [Ito H, Yamada H, Yoshida M, et al, Jpn.J.Appl.Phys.1988, 27(8):L1371-1373] have fast decay times (about a few microseconds) become the second type of ceramic scintillator used in X-CT. But Gd 2 O 2 S has a hexagonal structure and can only prepare translucent ceramics.
制备一种具有高密度、高光输出和快衰减并且具有立方结构可以用于高速X-CT探测器的闪烁陶瓷就引发本发明的目的。It is the object of the present invention to produce a scintillation ceramic with high density, high light output and fast decay and with a cubic structure that can be used in high-speed X-CT detectors.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的在于采用氢气中无压烧结制备一种透明钛离子掺杂铪酸镧透明闪烁陶瓷。The purpose of the invention is to prepare a transparent titanium ion-doped lanthanum hafnate transparent scintillation ceramic by pressureless sintering in hydrogen.
钛离子掺杂铪酸镧闪烁陶瓷，其通式表示为：La2Hf2-xTi2xO7；0＜x＜0.1。该透明闪烁陶瓷具有高光输出、快衰减和高的X射线吸收能力。Titanium ion doped lanthanum hafnate scintillation ceramics, its general formula is: La 2 Hf 2-x Ti 2x O 7 ; 0<x<0.1. The transparent scintillation ceramic has high light output, fast decay and high X-ray absorption capacity.
本发明使用的粉料为利用甘氨酸与La(NO3)3、HfO(NO3)2、TiO(NO3)2燃烧合成的纳米(10-100nm)粉料。The powder used in the present invention is a nanometer (10-100nm) powder synthesized by combustion of glycine and La(NO 3 ) 3 , HfO(NO 3 ) 2 , TiO(NO 3 ) 2 .
本发明提供的钛离子掺杂铪酸镧透明闪烁陶瓷包括燃烧合成的粉料热处理、干压或冷等静压成型、烧结以及退火热处理等工艺。烧结过程的特征在于：The titanium ion-doped lanthanum hafnate transparent scintillation ceramics provided by the present invention include processes such as combustion synthesis powder heat treatment, dry pressing or cold isostatic pressing, sintering and annealing heat treatment. The sintering process is characterized by:
(1)烧结的气氛为氢气；(1) The sintering atmosphere is hydrogen;
(2)在1700-1900℃保温4-20小时，随炉冷却。(2) Keep warm at 1700-1900°C for 4-20 hours, and cool with the furnace.
其退火过程的特征在于：Its annealing process is characterized by:
(1)退火的气氛为空气；(1) The annealing atmosphere is air;
(2)退火的温度为1050-1200℃；(2) The annealing temperature is 1050-1200°C;
(3)升温的速度为1-5℃/min，试样随炉冷却。(3) The heating rate is 1-5°C/min, and the sample is cooled with the furnace.
采用甘氨酸为燃料通过燃烧反应制备的纳米粉料，通过氢气中无压条件下烧结工艺首次成功制得一种具有良好透明性的Ti离子掺杂La2Hf2O7陶瓷，经抛光的退火热处理的试样在可见光波段具有良好的线性透过率；陶瓷烧结体具有立方烧绿石结构。得到的闪烁陶瓷具有从蓝光到绿光(~400-600nm)的宽发射峰，其光输出大于CaWO4闪烁晶体，衰减时间小于1毫秒。Using glycine as fuel to prepare nano-powder through combustion reaction, a kind of Ti ion-doped La 2 Hf 2 O 7 ceramics with good transparency was successfully prepared for the first time by sintering process under pressureless conditions in hydrogen. After polishing annealing heat treatment The sample has good linear transmittance in the visible light band; the ceramic sintered body has a cubic pyrochlore structure. The resulting scintillation ceramics have a broad emission peak from blue to green (~400–600 nm), with a light output greater than that of CaWO scintillation crystals and a decay time of less than 1 ms.
本发明提供的La2Hf2O7:Ti透明闪烁陶瓷特点是：La 2 Hf 2 O 7 :Ti transparent scintillating ceramics provided by the present invention are characterized by:
(1)La2Hf2O7:Ti透明陶瓷在其发射波长范围具有较高的透过率。(1) La 2 Hf 2 O 7 :Ti transparent ceramics have high transmittance in the emission wavelength range.
(2)La2Hf2O7:Ti透明陶瓷具有高的密度(～7.9g/cm3)和高的X射线吸收能力。(2) La 2 Hf 2 O 7 : Ti transparent ceramics have high density (~7.9g/cm 3 ) and high X-ray absorption capacity.
(3)La2Hf2O7:Ti透明闪烁陶瓷的光输出优于CaWO4闪烁晶体；其发射波段较宽(~400-600nm)，具有高的探测效率。(3) The light output of La 2 Hf 2 O 7 :Ti transparent scintillation ceramics is better than that of CaWO 4 scintillation crystals; its emission band is wider (~400-600nm), and it has high detection efficiency.
(4)La2Hf2O7:Ti透明闪烁陶瓷具有快的衰减时间，满足高速X-CT成像对闪烁材料衰减时间的要求。(4) La 2 Hf 2 O 7 :Ti transparent scintillation ceramics have a fast decay time, which meets the requirements of high-speed X-CT imaging on the decay time of scintillation materials.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是直径为1.5cm，厚度为1.5mm经抛光的氢气中烧结的La2Hf2O7:Ti陶瓷样品。Figure 1 is a polished La 2 Hf 2 O 7 :Ti ceramic sample sintered in hydrogen with a diameter of 1.5 cm and a thickness of 1.5 mm.
图2是直径为1.5cm，厚度为1.5mm经抛光的经退火热处理的La2Hf2O7:Ti陶瓷样品。Fig. 2 is a polished annealed La 2 Hf 2 O 7 :Ti ceramic sample with a diameter of 1.5 cm and a thickness of 1.5 mm.
图3厚度为1.5mm经抛光的经退火热处理的透明La2Hf2O7:Ti陶瓷在可见光波段的透过率曲线，横坐标为波长，纵坐标透过率。Fig. 3 is the transmittance curve in the visible light band of polished and annealed transparent La 2 Hf 2 O 7 :Ti ceramics with a thickness of 1.5 mm. The abscissa is the wavelength, and the ordinate is the transmittance.
图4是透明La2Hf2O7:Ti陶瓷的X射线衍射谱，表明其为纯净的立方烧绿石结构的La2Hf2O7相。Fig. 4 is the X-ray diffraction spectrum of transparent La 2 Hf 2 O 7 :Ti ceramics, which shows that it is a pure cubic pyrochlore La 2 Hf 2 O 7 phase.
图5是透明La2Hf2O7:Ti闪烁陶瓷的激发和发射光谱。Fig. 5 is the excitation and emission spectra of transparent La 2 Hf 2 O 7 :Ti scintillation ceramics.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面通过实施例进一步阐明本发明实质性的特点和显著的进步，然而本发明绝非仅局限于所述的实施例。The substantive characteristics and remarkable progress of the present invention are further illustrated below through examples, but the present invention is by no means limited to the described examples.
实施例1Example 1
0.0199摩尔HfO(NO3)2、0.0001摩尔TiO(NO3)2、0.02摩尔La(NO3)3与0.054摩尔甘氨酸燃烧反应制备的粉体在800℃条件下煅烧2个小时除去残留的碳和有机物。经煅烧处理燃烧合成的La2Hf2O7粉体先经等轴压，再经180MPa等静压成型。等静压成型的制品在1900℃氢气气氛中保温6个小时。烧结的试样在空气气氛1150℃条件下退火4个小时。The powder prepared by combustion reaction of 0.0199 mol HfO(NO 3 ) 2 , 0.0001 mol TiO(NO 3 ) 2 , 0.02 mol La(NO 3 ) 3 and 0.054 mol glycine was calcined at 800°C for 2 hours to remove residual carbon and organic matter. The La 2 Hf 2 O 7 powder synthesized by calcination and combustion is subjected to isoaxial pressing and then isostatic pressing at 180 MPa. The products formed by isostatic pressing are kept in a hydrogen atmosphere at 1900°C for 6 hours. The sintered samples were annealed at 1150°C for 4 hours in an air atmosphere.
得到的透明闪烁陶瓷的组成及其性能如下：The composition and properties of the obtained transparent scintillation ceramics are as follows:
组成：La2Hf1.99Ti0.01O7 Composition: La 2 Hf 1.99 Ti 0.01 O 7
相对密度：＞99.9％Relative density: >99.9%
密度(g/cm3)：＞7.8Density (g/cm 3 ): >7.8
晶相(X衍射分析)：La2Hf2O7 Crystal phase (X diffraction analysis): La 2 Hf 2 O 7
气孔率(％)：＜0.1Porosity (%): <0.1
400-800nm波段最大透过率(％)：＞50400-800nm band maximum transmittance (%): >50
光输出：优于CaWO4闪烁晶体Light output: better than CaWO 4 scintillation crystal
实施例2Example 2
0.0198摩尔HfO(NO3)2、0.0002摩尔TiO(NO3)2、0.02摩尔La(NO3)3与0.054摩尔甘氨酸燃烧反应制备的粉体在800℃条件下煅烧2个小时除去残留的碳和有机物。经煅烧处理燃烧合成的La2Hf2O7粉体先经等轴压，再经180MPa等静压成型。等静压成型的制品在1900℃氢气气氛中保温6个小时。烧结的试样在空气气氛1150℃条件下退火4个小时。The powder prepared by combustion reaction of 0.0198 mol HfO(NO 3 ) 2 , 0.0002 mol TiO(NO 3 ) 2 , 0.02 mol La(NO 3 ) 3 and 0.054 mol glycine was calcined at 800°C for 2 hours to remove residual carbon and organic matter. The La 2 Hf 2 O 7 powder synthesized by calcination and combustion is subjected to isoaxial pressing and then isostatic pressing at 180 MPa. The products formed by isostatic pressing are kept in a hydrogen atmosphere at 1900°C for 6 hours. The sintered samples were annealed at 1150°C for 4 hours in an air atmosphere.
得到的透明闪烁陶瓷的组成及其性能如下：The composition and properties of the obtained transparent scintillation ceramics are as follows:
组成：La2Hf1.98Ti0.02O7 Composition: La 2 Hf 1.98 Ti 0.02 O 7
相对密度：＞99.9％Relative density: >99.9%
密度(g/cm3)：＞7.8Density (g/cm 3 ): >7.8
晶相(X衍射分析)：La2Hf2O7 Crystal phase (X diffraction analysis): La 2 Hf 2 O 7
气孔率(％)：＜0.1Porosity (%): <0.1
400-800nm波段最大透过率(％)：＞50400-800nm band maximum transmittance (%): >50
光输出：优于CaWO4闪烁晶体Light output: better than CaWO 4 scintillation crystal
衰减时间：＜1msDecay time: <1ms
实施例3Example 3
0.0196摩尔HfO(NO3)2、0.0004摩尔TiO(NO3)2、0.02摩尔La(NO3)3与0.054摩尔甘氨酸燃烧反应制备的粉体在800℃条件下煅烧2个小时除去残留的碳和有机物。经煅烧处理燃烧合成的La2Hf2O7粉体先经等轴压，再经180MPa等静压成型。等静压成型的制品在1900℃氢气气氛中保温9个小时。烧结的试样在空气气氛1200℃条件下退火2个小时。The powder prepared by combustion reaction of 0.0196 mol HfO(NO 3 ) 2 , 0.0004 mol TiO(NO 3 ) 2 , 0.02 mol La(NO 3 ) 3 and 0.054 mol glycine was calcined at 800°C for 2 hours to remove residual carbon and organic matter. The La 2 Hf 2 O 7 powder synthesized by calcination and combustion is subjected to isoaxial pressing and then isostatic pressing at 180 MPa. The products formed by isostatic pressing are kept in a hydrogen atmosphere at 1900°C for 9 hours. The sintered samples were annealed at 1200°C for 2 hours in an air atmosphere.
得到的透明闪烁陶瓷的组成及其性能如下：The composition and properties of the obtained transparent scintillation ceramics are as follows:
组成：La2Hf1.96Ti0.04O7 Composition: La 2 Hf 1.96 Ti 0.04 O 7
相对密度：＞99.9％Relative density: >99.9%
密度(g/cm3)：＞7.8Density (g/cm 3 ): >7.8
晶相(X衍射分析)：La2Hf2O7 Crystal phase (X diffraction analysis): La 2 Hf 2 O 7
气孔率(％)：＜0.1Porosity (%): <0.1
400-800nm波段最大透过率(％)：＞50400-800nm band maximum transmittance (%): >50
光输出：优于CaWO4闪烁晶体Light output: better than CaWO 4 scintillation crystal
衰减时间：＜1msDecay time: <1ms
实施例4Example 4
0.0194摩尔HfO(NO3)2、0.0006摩尔TiO(NO3)2、0.02摩尔La(NO3)3与0.054摩尔甘氨酸燃烧反应制备的粉体在800℃条件下煅烧2个小时除去残留的碳和有机物。经煅烧处理燃烧合成的La2Hf2O7粉体先经等轴压，再经180MPa等静压成型。等静压成型的制品在1900℃氢气气氛中保温9个小时。烧结的试样在空气气氛1200℃条件下退火2个小时。The powder prepared by combustion reaction of 0.0194 mol HfO(NO 3 ) 2 , 0.0006 mol TiO(NO 3 ) 2 , 0.02 mol La(NO 3 ) 3 and 0.054 mol glycine was calcined at 800°C for 2 hours to remove residual carbon and organic matter. The La 2 Hf 2 O 7 powder synthesized by calcination and combustion is subjected to isoaxial pressing and then isostatic pressing at 180 MPa. The products formed by isostatic pressing are kept in a hydrogen atmosphere at 1900°C for 9 hours. The sintered samples were annealed at 1200°C for 2 hours in an air atmosphere.
得到的透明闪烁陶瓷的组成及其性能如下：The composition and properties of the obtained transparent scintillation ceramics are as follows:
组成：La2Hf1.94Ti0.05O7 Composition: La 2 Hf 1.94 Ti 0.05 O 7
相对密度：＞99.9％Relative density: >99.9%
密度(g/cm3)：＞7.8Density (g/cm 3 ): >7.8
晶相(X衍射分析)：La2Hf2O7 Crystal phase (X diffraction analysis): La 2 Hf 2 O 7
气孔率(％)：＜0.1Porosity (%): <0.1
400-800nm波段最大透过率(％)：＞50400-800nm band maximum transmittance (%): >50
光输出：与CaWO4闪烁晶体相当Light output: Comparable to CaWO 4 scintillation crystal
衰减时间：＜1msDecay time: <1ms
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