CN1567070A - Active matrix type LCD - Google Patents
Active matrix type LCD Download PDFInfo
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- CN1567070A CN1567070A CN 03139605 CN03139605A CN1567070A CN 1567070 A CN1567070 A CN 1567070A CN 03139605 CN03139605 CN 03139605 CN 03139605 A CN03139605 A CN 03139605A CN 1567070 A CN1567070 A CN 1567070A
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Abstract
It is a source array LCD, which comprises the first and second bases located relatively, a crystal layer between the first and second base, a insulation layer located by one side of crystal layer near second base, a passivating film located by one side of LCD layer near the insulation layer and picture element units vertically located on second base with signal lines and grating lines. And the picture element units comprises common electrode located in the insulation layer and picture element electrode located in the passivating layer, wherein, the common electrode comprises the first common electrode and second common electrode, and the picture element units comprises the first picture element electrode and second picture element electrode. The first common electrode is parallel located with space to the first picture element electrode and the second common electrode is parallel located with space to the second picture element electrode. The first common electrode and the second common electrode are separately at an angle with the signal line.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to a kind of LCD, relate in particular to a kind of active matrix-type liquid crystal display device.
[background technology]
Liquid crystal in the LCD itself is not had a characteristics of luminescence, is to adopt the electric field controls liquid crystal molecule to reverse and realize passing through or not passing through of light, thereby reaches the purpose of demonstration.In conventional liquid crystal, form electrode on the surface of two substrate of glass, to form the electric field that the control liquid crystal molecule reverses, this electrode uses transparent material, and the electrode of two substrates is oppositely arranged, thereby forms and the perpendicular electric field of substrate surface.Because liquid crystal molecule has dielectric anisotropy and electricity is led anisotropy, therefore under the control of this electric field, liquid crystal molecular orientation will be perpendicular to substrate surface, but because the influence of physical force such as interaction force between liquid crystal molecule and gravity, make that the orientation of liquid crystal molecule can not be fully perpendicular to substrate surface, make light lead at the bottom of the efficient, and then influence the display effect of LCD.
A kind of prior art LCD such as Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3, this LCD 1 comprises first substrate 11 and second substrate 12 that is oppositely arranged, one liquid crystal layer 17 that between this first substrate 11 and second substrate 12, constitutes by a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 171, two lay respectively at this first substrate 11 and second substrate 12 and the different side of liquid crystal layer and the orthogonal polarizing appliance 110 of polarizing axis (Polarizing Axis) and 120, one is arranged on the colored filter 19 in first substrate 11, one is adjacent with liquid crystal layer 17 and be used to control the both alignment layers 100 of liquid crystal molecule 171 orientations, be arranged on the spaced walls (not indicating) between first substrate 11 and second substrate 12, one drive unit (figure does not show) and the pixel cell 10 that forms by orthogonal signal wire 13 and gate line 14, this pixel cell 10 comprises a plurality of common electrodes that are parallel to each other and are provided with at interval 15 and pixel electrode 16, this common electrode 15 and pixel electrode 16 are parallel to gate line 13 and are provided with, and form the electric field 18 that is basically parallel to first substrate 11 and second substrate 12.Wherein, the orientation of this both alignment layers 100 is identical with the polarization direction of polarizing appliance 120, have at least one to be to adopt transparent material to make in this first substrate 11 and second substrate 12, this liquid crystal layer 17 is to adopt to row (Nematic) type liquid crystal to make, and this liquid crystal indicator 1 is realized colored the demonstration by colored filter 19.
Please consult Fig. 2 once more, not during making alive, the synoptic diagram of this LCD 1 duty of living in.Under this state, owing to be not subjected to electric field action, then the orientation of this liquid crystal molecule 171 is identical with the orientation of both alignment layers 100, and the orientation of this both alignment layers 100 is identical with the polarizing axis direction of polarizing appliance 120, therefore, the linearly polarized light (figure does not show) that enters liquid crystal layer 17 through polarizing appliance 120 just in time can pass through this liquid crystal layer 17, and polarization state does not change.In addition, because polarizing appliance 110 is vertical mutually with 120 polarizing axis, so this linearly polarized light can not pass through polarizing appliance 110, promptly this LCD 1 is in dark attitude.
Please consult Fig. 3 once more, when being making alive, the synoptic diagram of this LCD 1 duty of living in.This common electrode 15 forms the electric field 18 that is basically parallel to first substrate 11 and second substrate 12 with pixel electrode 16, because of having electricity, liquid crystal molecule 171 leads anisotropy, so under electric field 18 effects, the orientation of this liquid crystal molecule 171 is consistent with the direction of this electric field 18, but, there is certain angle in the polarizing axis direction of the direction of electric field 18 and polarizing appliance 120, then the linearly polarized light (figure does not show) by polarizing appliance 120 will produce birefringence when arriving liquid crystal layer 17, make this linear polarization polarization state of light change, and polarizing appliance 110 is vertical mutually with 120 polarizing axis, so the part component of this linearly polarized light will be by polarizing appliance 110, promptly this LCD 1 is in bright attitude.
As mentioned above, this employing is parallel to the method that the electric field controls liquid crystal molecule of substrate reverses and is called " in-plane changes method " (In Plane Switching, IPS), should " in-plane changes method " be specifically designed to active matrix-type liquid crystal display device, and adopt the LCD 1 of this method to have broader angle of visibility than conventional liquid crystal.
But, this common electrode 15 and liquid crystal layer 17 only can form the electric field 18 that is parallel to first substrate 11 and second substrate 12 of a certain direction, this electric field 18 fails to be distributed in the whole plane that is parallel to first substrate 11 and second substrate 12, then during making alive, will there be part liquid crystal molecule 171 not to be subjected to the effect of electric field 18, promptly exist part to enter the linearly polarized light of liquid crystal layer 17 through polarizing appliance 120 by behind this liquid crystal layer 17, the phase polarization state will not change, be about to the partial line polarized light and can not have passed through this polarizing appliance 110, so liquid crystal indicator 1 still exists light to lead to the lower defective of efficient.
[summary of the invention]
Adopt the logical lower defective of efficient of prior art LCD light for overcoming, the invention provides the logical higher active matrix-type liquid crystal display device of efficient of a kind of light.
The technical scheme that technical solution problem of the present invention is adopted is: a kind of active matrix-type liquid crystal display device is provided, it comprises first substrate and second substrate that is oppositely arranged, one is arranged on the liquid crystal layer between this first substrate and second substrate, one is arranged on the insulation course of contiguous liquid crystal layer one side of this second substrate, one is arranged on the passivation layer of contiguous liquid crystal layer one side of this insulation course and by being vertically set on the pixel cell that the second suprabasil signal wire and gate line form mutually, this pixel cell comprises a plurality of common electrodes and the pixel electrode that is arranged in this passivation layer that are arranged in the insulation course, wherein, this common electrode comprises a plurality of first common electrodes and second common electrode, this pixel electrode comprises first pixel electrode and second pixel electrode that intersects setting, this first common electrode and first pixel electrode are arranged in parallel, this second common electrode and second pixel electrode are parallel to each other and are provided with at interval, this first common electrode and second common electrode form an angle with this signal wire respectively, and this first common electrode and the crossing setting of second common electrode.
The another technical scheme of technical solution problem of the present invention is: a kind of active array type LCD is provided, it comprises first substrate and second substrate that is oppositely arranged, one between this first substrate and second substrate liquid crystal layer and the pixel cell that forms by mutual vertically disposed signal wire and gate line, this pixel cell comprises and being arranged in parallel at second suprabasil common electrode and the pixel electrode, first transparency electrode that links to each other with common electrode and second transparency electrode that links to each other with pixel electrode, this common electrode and pixel electrode are all perpendicular to the signal wire setting, this first transparency electrode and second transparency electrode are arranged on same one deck of this second substrate, this first transparency electrode comprises first and the second portion that has angle with signal wire, this second transparency electrode comprises first and the second portion that intersects setting and have angle with signal wire, the first of the first of this first transparency electrode and second transparency electrode is parallel to each other and is provided with at interval, and the second portion of the second portion of this first transparency electrode and second transparency electrode is parallel to each other and is provided with at interval.
Compared to prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: in the active matrix-type liquid crystal display device of the present invention, this common electrode comprises first common electrode and second common electrode, this pixel electrode comprises first pixel electrode and second pixel electrode that intersects setting, this first common electrode and first pixel electrode are parallel to each other and are provided with at interval, this second common electrode and second pixel electrode are parallel to each other and are provided with at interval, this first common electrode and second common electrode form an angle with signal wire respectively, and this first common electrode and second common electrode intersect setting, thereby, this first common electrode and first pixel electrode, second common electrode and second pixel electrode form two kinds of row in this first substrate and second substrate and in the same way electric field not, then, all there is electric field between this first substrate and second substrate and in the plane parallel with this two substrate, make the liquid crystal molecule quantity that can not be subjected to electric field action significantly reduce, and then can increase the logical efficient of light, so this active matrix shape liquid crystal indicator has the logical efficient of higher light.
In the another active array type LCD of the present invention, this pixel cell comprises common electrode and the pixel electrode that is arranged in parallel, first transparency electrode that links to each other with common electrode and second transparency electrode that links to each other with pixel electrode, this common electrode and pixel electrode are all perpendicular to the signal wire setting, this first transparency electrode comprises first and the second portion that has angle with signal wire, this second transparency electrode comprises first and the second portion that intersects setting and have angle with signal wire, the second portion of the first of this first transparency electrode and second transparency electrode is parallel to each other and is provided with at interval, thereby, the first of the first of this first transparency electrode and second transparency electrode, the second portion of the second portion of this first transparency electrode and second transparency electrode forms two kinds and is parallel to this two substrate and in the same way electric field not, then all there is electric field between this first substrate and second substrate and in the plane parallel with this two substrate, make the liquid crystal molecule quantity that can not be subjected to electric field action significantly reduce, and then can increase the logical efficient of light, so this active matrix shape liquid crystal indicator has the logical efficient of higher light.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of a pixel cell of prior art active array type LCD.
Fig. 2 is the not synoptic diagram of duty of living in during making alive of active array type LCD shown in Figure 1.
The synoptic diagram of duty of living in when Fig. 3 is an active array type LCD making alive shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of a pixel cell of active array type LCD first embodiment of the present invention.
The synoptic diagram of duty of living in when Fig. 5 is an active array type LCD making alive shown in Figure 4.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of a pixel cell of active array type LCD second embodiment of the present invention.
The synoptic diagram of duty of living in when Fig. 7 is an active array type LCD making alive shown in Figure 6.
[embodiment]
First embodiment of active matrix-type liquid crystal display device of the present invention such as Fig. 4 and shown in Figure 5, this LCD 2 comprises first substrate 21 and second substrate 22 that is oppositely arranged, one is positioned at the liquid crystal layer 27 between this two substrate, two lay respectively at this first substrate 21 and second substrate 22 and liquid crystal layer 27 different sides and the orthogonal polarizing appliance 210 of polarizing axis and 220, one is arranged on the colored filter 29 in the substrate 21, one is arranged on the insulation course 221 of these second substrate, 22 contiguous liquid crystal layer 27 1 sides, one is arranged on the passivation layer 222 of these insulation course 221 contiguous liquid crystal layer 27 1 sides, one is adjacent with liquid crystal layer 27 and be used to control the both alignment layers 200 of liquid crystal molecule 271 orientations, be arranged on two substrates 21 and 22 s' spaced walls (indicating), one drive unit (figure do not show) and the pixel cell 20 that forms by the signal wire 23 and the gate line 24 that are vertically set on mutually in second substrate 22, this pixel cell 20 comprises a plurality of common electrodes 25 and pixel electrode 26, wherein, this common electrode 25 is arranged in this insulation course 221, this pixel electrode 26 is arranged in this passivation layer 222, this common electrode 25 comprises a plurality of first common electrodes 251 and second common electrode 252, this pixel electrode 26 comprises a plurality of first pixel electrodes 261 and second pixel electrode 262, this first common electrode 251 and first pixel electrode 261 are parallel to each other and are provided with at interval, this second common electrode 252 and second pixel electrode 252 are parallel to each other and are provided with at interval, this first common electrode 251 and second common electrode 252 have angle with signal wire 23 respectively, and this first pixel electrode 261 and second pixel electrode, 262 crossing settings.
As mentioned above, when making alive, this first common electrode 251 and first pixel electrode 261, this second common electrode 252 and second pixel electrode 252 form the horizontal component of electric field 281 and 282 that is parallel to this first substrate 21 and second substrate 22 respectively, and the direction of an electric field of this electric field 281 and 282 has angle, then, be positioned at this first substrate 21 and 22 of second substrates and the plane parallel with this two substrate all exists electric field 281 or 282, thereby, the quantity that is subjected to the liquid crystal molecules 271 of electric field 281 or 282 effects is subjected to the quantity of the liquid crystal molecule 171 of electric field 18 effects in the liquid crystal indicator shown in Figure 11, so, this liquid crystal indicator 2 is compared with liquid crystal indicator 1, has the logical efficient of higher light.
In addition, the liquid crystal molecule 271 of this liquid crystal layer 27 is nematic crystals, have at least one to be to adopt transparent material to make in this first substrate 21 and second substrate 22,26 of this common electrode 25 and pixel electrodes are provided with insulation course (not indicating), and this common electrode 25 is to adopt ITO (Indium Tin Oxide, tin indium oxide) or metallic conduction materials such as gold, silver, copper to make with pixel electrode 26.
Second embodiment of active array type LCD of the present invention such as Fig. 6 and shown in Figure 7, this liquid crystal indicator 3 comprises first substrate 31 and second substrate 32 that is oppositely arranged, one is positioned at the liquid crystal layer 37 between this two substrate, two lay respectively at this first substrate 31 and second substrate 32 and liquid crystal layer 37 different sides and the mutual vertical polarizing appliance 310 and 320 of polarisation, one is arranged on the colored filter 39 in the substrate 31, one is adjacent with liquid crystal layer 37 and be used to control the both alignment layers 300 of liquid crystal molecule 371 orientations, be arranged on the spaced walls (not indicating) of 32 of first substrate 31 and second substrates, one drive unit (figure do not show) and the pixel cell 30 that forms by the signal wire 33 and the gate line 34 that are vertically set on mutually in second substrate 32, this pixel cell 30 comprises the common electrode 35 and pixel electrode 36 that is arranged in parallel, a plurality of first transparency electrodes 351 that link to each other with common electrode 35 and a plurality of second transparency electrodes 361 that link to each other with pixel electrode 36, this common electrode 35 all is provided with perpendicular to signal wire 33 with pixel electrode 36, these first transparent electric 351 utmost points and second transparency electrode 361 are arranged on same one deck of this second substrate 32, these first transparent electric 351 utmost points comprise the first 3511 and second portion 3512 that has angle with signal wire 33, this second transparency electrode 361 comprise the first 3611 that intersect to be provided with and to have angle with signal wire 33 and and second portion 3612, the first 3511 of this first transparency electrode 351 and the first 3611 of second transparency electrode 361 are parallel to each other and are provided with at interval, and the second portion 3512 of this first transparency electrode 351 and the second portion 3612 of second transparency electrode 361 are parallel to each other and are provided with at interval.
As mentioned above, this first transparency electrode 351 links to each other with pixel electrode 36 with common electrode 35 respectively with second transparency electrode 361, this first transparency electrode 351 comprises first 3511 and the second portion 3512 that intersects setting and have angle with signal wire 33, this second transparency electrode 361 comprises the first 3611 and second portion 3612 of intersecting setting and having angle with signal wire 33, the first 3511 of this first transparency electrode 351 and the first 3611 of second transparency electrode 361 are parallel to each other and are provided with at interval, the second portion 3512 of this first transparency electrode 351 and the second portion 3612 of second transparency electrode 361 are parallel to each other and are provided with at interval, thereby, when making alive, the first 3511 of this first transparency electrode 351 and the first 3611 of second transparency electrode 361, the second portion 3512 of this first transparency electrode 351 and the second portion 3612 of second transparency electrode 361 form the horizontal component of electric field 381 and 382 that is parallel to this first substrate 31 and second substrate 32 respectively, and the direction of an electric field of this electric field 381 and 382 has angle, then be positioned at this first substrate 31 and 32 of second substrates and the plane parallel with this two substrate all exists electric field 381 or 382, thereby, the quantity that is subjected to the liquid crystal molecules 371 of electric field 381 or 382 effects is subjected to the quantity of the liquid crystal molecule 171 of electric field 18 effects in the liquid crystal indicator 1 shown in Figure 1, so, this liquid crystal indicator 3 is compared with liquid crystal indicator 1, has the logical efficient of higher light.Again because this first transparency electrode 351 and second transparency electrode 361 are arranged on same one deck of this second substrate 32, thereby, this electric field 381 and 382 active strength are greater than the intensity of electric field 281 in the liquid crystal indicator 2 and 282, therefore, this liquid crystal indicator 3 is compared with liquid crystal indicator 2, also has the logical efficient of higher light.
But it is described that active array type LCD of the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, as, this substrate can adopt glass or silicon dioxide to make; This insulation course can adopt insulating material such as monox or silicon nitride to make; The both alignment layers of this active array type LCD both can be arranged on contiguous liquid crystal layer one side of two substrates simultaneously, also can be separately positioned on contiguous liquid crystal layer one side of a substrate etc.
Claims (10)
1. active matrix-type liquid crystal display device, it comprises first substrate and second substrate that is oppositely arranged, one is arranged on the liquid crystal layer between this first substrate and second substrate, one is arranged on the insulation course of contiguous liquid crystal layer one side of this second substrate, one is arranged on the passivation layer and a pixel cell of contiguous liquid crystal layer one side of this insulation course, this pixel cell forms by being vertically set on the second suprabasil signal wire and gate line mutually, it comprises common electrode that is arranged in this insulation course and the pixel electrode that is arranged in this passivation layer, it is characterized in that: this common electrode of this common electrode comprises first common electrode and second common electrode, this pixel electrode comprises first pixel electrode and second pixel electrode that intersects setting, this first common electrode and first pixel electrode are parallel to each other and are provided with at interval, this second common electrode and second pixel electrode are parallel to each other and are provided with at interval, and this first common electrode and second common electrode form an angle with signal wire respectively.
2. active matrix-type liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: this active matrix-type liquid crystal display device further comprises one first both alignment layers, and this both alignment layers is arranged on contiguous liquid crystal layer one side of this first substrate.
3. active matrix-type liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: this active matrix-type liquid crystal display device further comprises a colored filter, and this colored filter is arranged between first substrate and first both alignment layers.
4. active matrix-type liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: this active matrix-type liquid crystal display device further comprises one first both alignment layers, and this both alignment layers is arranged on contiguous liquid crystal layer one side of this passivation layer.
5. active matrix-type liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: this active matrix-type liquid crystal display device further comprises a colored filter, and this colored filter is arranged on contiguous liquid crystal layer one side of this first substrate.
6. active matrix-type liquid crystal display device, it comprises first substrate and second substrate that is oppositely arranged, one is arranged on a liquid crystal layer and the pixel cell between this first substrate and second substrate, this pixel cell is formed by mutual vertically disposed signal wire and gate line, it comprises and being arranged in parallel at second suprabasil common electrode and the pixel electrode, first transparency electrode that links to each other with common electrode and second transparency electrode that links to each other with pixel electrode, it is characterized in that: common electrode and pixel electrode are all perpendicular to the signal wire setting, this first transparency electrode and second transparency electrode are arranged on same one deck of this second substrate, this first transparency electrode comprises first and the second portion that has angle with signal wire, this second transparency electrode comprises first and the second portion that intersects setting and have angle with signal wire, the first of the first of this first transparency electrode and second transparency electrode is parallel to each other and is provided with at interval, and the second portion of the second portion of this first transparency electrode and second transparency electrode is parallel to each other and is provided with at interval.
7. active matrix-type liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: this active matrix-type liquid crystal display device further comprises one first both alignment layers, and this both alignment layers is arranged on contiguous liquid crystal layer one side of this first substrate.
8. active matrix-type liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: this active matrix-type liquid crystal display device further comprises a colored filter, and this colored filter is arranged between first substrate and first both alignment layers.
9. active matrix-type liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: this active matrix-type liquid crystal display device further comprises one first both alignment layers, and this both alignment layers is arranged on contiguous liquid crystal layer one side of second substrate.
10. active matrix-type liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that: this active matrix-type liquid crystal display device further comprises a colored filter, and this colored filter is arranged on contiguous liquid crystal layer one side of this first substrate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031396054A CN100419545C (en) | 2003-06-23 | 2003-06-23 | Active matrix type LCD |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031396054A CN100419545C (en) | 2003-06-23 | 2003-06-23 | Active matrix type LCD |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1567070A true CN1567070A (en) | 2005-01-19 |
| CN100419545C CN100419545C (en) | 2008-09-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031396054A Expired - Fee Related CN100419545C (en) | 2003-06-23 | 2003-06-23 | Active matrix type LCD |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN100419545C (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100444003C (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2008-12-17 | 群康科技(深圳)有限公司 | Liquid-crystal panel |
| CN102200665A (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-09-28 | 乐金显示有限公司 | High light transmittance in-plane switching liquid crystal display device and method for manufacturing the same |
| CN105867031A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2016-08-17 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | TFT substrate and liquid crystal display panel |
| US11307356B2 (en) | 2018-01-04 | 2022-04-19 | Ntt Electronics Corporation | Optical module |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100367869B1 (en) * | 1993-09-20 | 2003-06-09 | 가부시끼가이샤 히다치 세이사꾸쇼 | LCD Display |
| KR100265572B1 (en) * | 1997-12-03 | 2000-09-15 | 김영환 | Lcd device imrpoved color-shift |
| JP3022463B2 (en) * | 1998-01-19 | 2000-03-21 | 日本電気株式会社 | Liquid crystal display device and method of manufacturing the same |
| TW466673B (en) * | 2000-12-11 | 2001-12-01 | Unipac Optoelectronics Corp | Cst on common structure |
| KR20020085244A (en) * | 2001-05-07 | 2002-11-16 | 주식회사 현대 디스플레이 테크놀로지 | Liquid crystal display |
-
2003
- 2003-06-23 CN CNB031396054A patent/CN100419545C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100444003C (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2008-12-17 | 群康科技(深圳)有限公司 | Liquid-crystal panel |
| CN102200665A (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-09-28 | 乐金显示有限公司 | High light transmittance in-plane switching liquid crystal display device and method for manufacturing the same |
| US8599348B2 (en) | 2010-03-25 | 2013-12-03 | Lg Display Co., Ltd. | High light transmittance in-plane switching liquid crystal display device and method for manufacturing the same |
| CN102200665B (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2016-06-08 | 乐金显示有限公司 | High light transmittance in-plane switching liquid crystal display device and manufacture method thereof |
| CN105867031A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2016-08-17 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | TFT substrate and liquid crystal display panel |
| US10353249B2 (en) | 2016-06-01 | 2019-07-16 | Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd | Thin film transistor substrate and liquid crystal display panel |
| US11307356B2 (en) | 2018-01-04 | 2022-04-19 | Ntt Electronics Corporation | Optical module |
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| CN100419545C (en) | 2008-09-17 |
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