Two, background technology
Along with fast development of national economy, a large amount of uses of agriculture chemical, environmental pollution aggravates day by day, the poisoning of organochlorine, organophosphorus pesticide emerges in an endless stream, because a large amount of uses of this two classes agricultural chemicals in these years, can detect their existence in soil and the water body,, should improve from the source and detect requirement for the safety that guarantees that agricultural product are produced.
For a long time, people are often analyzing, are extracting respectively, purify with diverse ways, different chemical reagent when detecting these two kinds of agricultural chemicals, this disposal route of extracting respectively, purifying respectively of organochlorine, organophosphorus pesticide is in use to now always, and by the national standard method defined, not only time-consuming, and take reagent, expense sample.
Last 217 pages of articles " simultaneous extraction of organophosphorus, organo-chlorine pesticide, the discussion of purification " that disclose the simultaneous extraction method aspect of one piece of relevant organophosphorus, organo-chlorine pesticide of " Chinese health quarantine magazine " 1997 the 7th the 4th phase of volume, wherein Xu Shu method is with the sample acetone extract, pass through chromatographic column then, with methylene chloride-sherwood oil eluent wash-out, use acetone-second eyeball eluent wash-out more earlier.This method is many with respect to former method progress, can accomplish simultaneous extraction, but this method agents useful for same is more, and has certain toxicity mostly, can damage the experimenter.
Three, summary of the invention
1. goal of the invention: the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of synchronous purification and extraction method that organochlorine, organophosphorus pesticide are analyzed that is used for, the organochlorine that is used to use always, organophosphorus pesticide simultaneous extraction purify.
2. technical scheme:
The principle of this programme: Gu the sample extraction before the gas chromatographic analysis and the principle that purifies institute's foundation mainly are liquid-or absorption, the desorptions of liquid-liquid.The restriction that adsorption effect is subjected to the acting in conjunction between adsorbent, sample and the eluent and adsorbs environment.Use liquid-liquid apportion design, adopt polar solvent and non-polar solvent to be made into solvent, interfering material is separated with agricultural chemicals to be measured carrying out repeated dispensing.Adopt the adsorpting column chromatography method, utilize each component in the potpourri adsorb on adsorbent-difference of desorption ability and reach the purification method of separation purpose, adsorbent commonly used has florisil silica, aluminium oxide and silica gel.Solid phase extraction techniques (SPE) is a kind of sample preparation methods based on the liquid chromatography separation mechanism.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of synchronous purification and extraction method that is used for organochlorine, organophosphorus pesticide analysis, it mainly may further comprise the steps:
(a) water sample carries out enrichment with the speed of 0.5~2L/h by solid-phase extraction column by behind the membrane filtration, before using, extraction column, dries up removing the moisture in the post through centrifugal and nitrogen more respectively with methyl alcohol and distilled water activation,
(b) take by weighing 10~15g pedotheque in glass tube, the adding volume ratio is normal hexane-ethyl acetate solution 15~25mL of 1~2: 1, puts into ultrasonic generator ultrasonic Extraction 0.5~1h after the sealing, leaves standstill, and pipettes upper strata extraction clear liquid, adds anhydrous Na
2SO
4Drying, with extract rotary evaporation to 1.0~2.0ml, by mass ratio 2~3: 1 takes by weighing filler and anhydrous Na respectively
2SO
4To solid-phase extraction column, the sample solution that extraction is concentrated adds extraction column,
(c) with 8~15mL normal hexane and ethyl acetate mass ratio be 1~9: 1 solution drip washing step (a) or (b) in extraction column, eluent is concentrated into 0.1~0.2mL.
Filter membrane is the 0.45um filter membrane.Adopt the C18 enriching column as solid-phase extraction column.General water sampling volume is 0.5~1L.Pipette that can to add volume ratio after the upper strata extraction clear liquid again in glass tube be normal hexane-ethyl acetate solution 15~25mL of 1~2: 1, put into ultrasonic generator ultrasonic Extraction 0.5~1h after the sealing, leave standstill, pipette upper strata extraction clear liquid and integrate with in the preceding extraction clear liquid.
Filler is florisil silica or silica gel, aluminium oxide.Can adopt florisil silica as filler.Eluent concentrates and can be concentrated into about 1mL with Rotary Evaporators earlier, uses N again
2Slowly purge solvent, use the normal hexane constant volume at last.Solution behind the constant volume can be used for stratographic analysis.
3. beneficial effect: the characteristics of this method are that the reagent that adopts is less, security is higher, step but can be analyzed many organochlorines and organophosphorus pesticide less, wherein the recovery of standard addition of organo-chlorine pesticide can reach more than 80% mostly, and the big multipotency of the recovery of standard addition of organophosphorus pesticide reaches more than 70%.
Four, embodiment
Below further specify the present invention by example.
Embodiment 1:
1) filters enrichment: gather water sample 1L, behind the 0.45um membrane filtration, carry out on-the-spot enrichment by the C18 solid-phase extraction column, band meeting laboratory, freezing preservation with the speed of 1L/h.Before using, extraction column activates with 10ml methyl alcohol and 10ml distilled water.
2) drying and wash-out: hydro-extractor 3600r/min, the 3-4min rotary evaporation to slough most of moisture, then dries up with nitrogen.(10ml) as eluant, eluent, the effluent of washing pillar is received in the receiving bottle with normal hexane and ethyl acetate (4: 1).
3) concentrated and constant volume: eluent is concentrated into about 1mL with Rotary Evaporators earlier, slowly purges solvent to not enough 1ml with high pure nitrogen again, and is to be measured to 1ml with the normal hexane constant volume.
The GC/NPD operation
Condition:
60 ℃ of programmed temperature method-initial temperature are warming up to 100 ℃ with the speed of 20 ℃/min, keep 0min;
Speed with 10 ℃/min is warming up to 250 ℃, keeps 0min;
Injector temperature: 150 ℃; Temperature of vaporization chamber: 220 ℃; Detector temperature: 320 ℃;
Nitrogen flow: 4ml/min; Hydrogen flowing quantity: 4ml/min; Air mass flow: 100ml/min;
Total flow: 6.5psi
Recovery experiment
Add the standard model solution of 0.2ppm in distilled water, repeat the operating process of above sample, the organophosphorus pesticide of Huo Deing (Rogor, parathion, the malathion) recovery reaches more than 80% at last.
Embodiment 2:
Get in 8 50ml color comparison tubes, add 15 gram soil samples respectively, be numbered 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8.Add earlier 5ml water in every part respectively, in 1, No. 2, add 20ml normal hexane-methyl alcohol (1: 1) again; 3, No. 4 20ml normal hexane-ethyl acetate (1: 1); 5, No. 6 20ml methyl alcohol-acetone (1: 1); 7, No. 8 20ml normal hexane-acetone (1: 1).Put into the ultrasonic generator ultrasonic Extraction after the sealing one hour, and left standstill, pipette upper strata extraction clear liquid, the corresponding respectively again 20ml normal hexane-methyl alcohol (1: 1) that adds; Normal hexane-ethyl acetate (1: 1); Methyl alcohol-acetone (1: 1); Normal hexane-acetone (1: 1).And ultrasonic Extraction one hour, leave standstill, pipette upper strata extraction clear liquid, be incorporated in the pyriform bottle with extract last time, add the capacity anhydrous Na
2SO
4Dry.All add the NaCl breakdown of emulsion during each ultrasonic Extraction.With extract rotary evaporation in the pyriform bottle to 2.0ml because three kinds of organophosphorus pesticide boiling points to be measured are all higher, can be suitably with the temperature raising of rotary evaporation, with pick up speed.
Florisil silica (60-100 order, 650 ℃ of calcination 5h in 130 ℃ of activation 4-6h, add 5% distilled water and take off work before using after the cooling).
(1) preparation of post accurately takes by weighing 2.4g florisil silica and 0.8g anhydrous Na
2SO
4(or 1.8g silica gel and 0.6g anhydrous Na
2SO
4) to the 6mL solid-phase extraction column, extraction column is with 10mL normal hexane drip washing twice, to remove foreign body in the post.The normal hexane post that need pressurize is to remove the bubble in the post.
(2) wash-out and the dry sample solution that concentrates that will extract are added on the extraction column top, in the time of to sample infiltration post, with the polluter that is adsorbed in 10mL n-hexane/ethyl acetate (1: 1) the solution drip washing post, and eluent are collected in the 25mL pyriform bottle.
(3) concentrate eluant is concentrated into about 1mL with Rotary Evaporators earlier, uses N again
2Slowly purge solvent, concentrate and be settled to 0.2mL with normal hexane.
With same sample extraction liquid difference Florisil silica column and silicagel column, after gas chromatographic analysis finds that the sample impurities of Florisil silica column is less and the recovery is higher.16 parts of extracts warps with gained concentrate, purify (Florisil silica column), concentrate at last, get 16 parts and treat test sample.Wherein use slightly color of sample that methyl alcohol-acetone (1: 1) makes extractant, should not carry out gas chromatographic analysis.All the other samples are through gas chromatographic analysis, relatively following result:
(1) more with sample impurities after purifying of normal hexane-methyl alcohol (1: 1) and normal hexane-acetone (1: 1) extraction, disturb the mensuration of three kinds of organophosphorus pesticides in gas chromatography, should not adopt.
(2) impure less with the sample of normal hexane-ethyl acetate (1: 1) extraction, the peak degree of separation of three kinds of organophosphorus pesticides is better and interference-free.
Embodiment 3:
Filter enrichment, dry and wash-out and the concentrated and logical embodiment 1 of three steps of constant volume, adopt GC/ECD time-and-motion study organochlorine.
The GC/ECD operating conditions:
60 ℃ of initial temperature, programmed temperature method is warming up to 170 ℃ with the speed of 25 ℃/min; 4 ℃/min is increased to 190 ℃; 10 ℃/min is increased to 220 ℃; 2 ℃/min is increased to 240 ℃; 20 ℃/min is increased to 300 ℃; Keep 5min.
Split sampling not, 250 ℃ of injection ports, sample size 1ul
Carrier gas: high-purity helium (purity 99.99%), constant voltage 28.30psi, carrier gas flux 1.6mL/min, mean flow rate 28cm/sec.
Capillary column: Model No:J﹠amp; 325 ℃ of Max DB-1 of W 122-1032 Capillary 60.0m * 250 μ m * 0.25 μ m nominal.
Detecting device: ECD, 320 ℃.N
2?60ml/min
Recovery experiment
Add the standard model solution of 10ppb in distilled water, repeat the operating process of above sample, the organo-chlorine pesticide of Huo Deing (benzene hexachloride, the D.D.T. (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane) etc.) recovery reaches more than 80% at last.
Embodiment 4:
Basic operation changes in the preparation of (1) post and takes by weighing 1.8g florisil silica and 0.8g anhydrous Na with embodiment 2
2SO
4, change the polluter that is adsorbed with in 15mL n-hexane/ethyl acetate (9: 1) the solution drip washing post in (2) wash-out and the drying into.
Analyze according to the GC/ECD operating conditions among the embodiment 3, the big multipotency of the recovery of standard addition of organo-chlorine pesticide reaches more than 80%.