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CN1558999A - Micro-structured illumination system for providing polarized light - Google Patents

Micro-structured illumination system for providing polarized light Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1558999A
CN1558999A CNA028186737A CN02818673A CN1558999A CN 1558999 A CN1558999 A CN 1558999A CN A028186737 A CNA028186737 A CN A028186737A CN 02818673 A CN02818673 A CN 02818673A CN 1558999 A CN1558999 A CN 1558999A
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China
Prior art keywords
layer
microstructure
light
refractive index
birefringent
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Granted
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CNA028186737A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN100564998C (en
Inventor
H��J��B���ָ���
H·J·B·贾格特
������˹�ٰ�ɭ
C·巴斯蒂安森
�������ɭ
H·J·科内里斯森
D·J·布罗尔
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/0038—Linear indentations or grooves, e.g. arc-shaped grooves or meandering grooves, extending over the full length or width of the light guide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0056—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide for producing polarisation effects, e.g. by a surface with polarizing properties or by an additional polarizing elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/13362—Illuminating devices providing polarized light, e.g. by converting a polarisation component into another one

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
  • Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)
  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
  • Planar Illumination Modules (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

A multi-layered arrangement according to the invention provide emission of polarized light. At least one of the interfacing surfaces between the layers is provided with a microstructure. In one embodiment, a first layer in the form of a lightguide substrate (401) receives unpolarized light from a lamp (420). A birefringent second layer (402) is provided with a microstructure (410) in the form of parallel grooves. On top of the birefringent layer a third layer (403), i.e. a coating layer, is located. Light is outcoupled by way of selective Total Internal Reflection, TIR, at the micro-structured surface of the birefringent layer, yielding a highly linearly polarized emission at near normal angles. The polarized light may be emitted out through the coating or in an opposite direction through the lightguide, which in an advantageous manner allow any configuration of transmissive (backlight), transflective (backlight) or reflective (frontlight) display arrangement.

Description

The illuminator of the band microstructure of polarised light is provided
Invention field
The present invention relates to lighting device and comprise the system of this lighting device, described device is configured to receive non-polarized light and sends polarised light, and comprises that at least form is the ground floor of optical clear photoconduction, the birefringent second layer and the 3rd layer.
Background
Flat-panel monitor such as LCD (LCD) are the necessary parts of the electronic equipment of numerous species, and important in these electronic equipments have portable computer, a mobile communication terminal etc.Therefore these equipment must be powered by battery, and it is vital using the energy in the battery with effective and efficient manner.
In order to realize high total energy efficiency, the loss relevant with the generation of polarised light should be reduced to minimum in the illuminator that is used for back lighting or front lit LCD.A kind of solution recently is recycling rather than absorbs non-required polarised light.This can realize by use the reflection type polarization paper tinsel that can buy recently from how tame manufacturer.This paper tinsel is the light of a polarization direction of transmission directly, and non-required reflection of polarization is got back in its illuminator that reuses.In addition, such polaroid foil has been proposed also, wherein with the light of non-required polarization direction toward backscatter, rather than it is reflected and recycling subsequently.
Another solution is a kind of back lighting or forward lighting systems that can directly send a kind of light of polarization state of design.In back illumination system, be combined with for example aforesaid reflective or diffuse transmission type polaroid foil.
Also used another notion, for example relevant total internal reflection (TIR), aligned liquid-crystal coating or its combination with polarization about polarization separation.The example of back one notion has introduction in patent US-5729311, wherein show the illuminator that is used for flat-panel type picture display device.
The described illuminator of patent US-5729311 comprises fiber waveguide, and light is coupled in the described waveguide through the end face of waveguide.Described waveguide is provided with cavity, has wherein filled the material different with waveguide material.A kind of in these materials is optically isotropic, and its refractive index is n p, and another material is optically anisotropic, its refractive index is n oAnd n eFor refractive index, should make n oOr n eEqual or be substantially equal to n p, so that the generation polarization separation at the interface between isotropism and anisotropic material, this has just caused the polarization emission.
The shortcoming of the described device of patent US-5729311 is that cavity is arranged in fiber waveguide itself.This makes waveguide complicated more or less, thereby it is higher to manufacture cost.
Brief summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to overcome the problem relevant with shortcoming of the prior art.That is to say how to obtain being used for the high illuminator of energy efficiency of flat-panel monitor, make its manufacturing process remain on simple and level cheaply simultaneously.
This purpose is to receive the lighting device that non-polarized light sends polarised light and realize by providing a kind of.Described device comprises that at least form is the ground floor of optical clear photoconduction, the birefringent second layer and the 3rd layer.At least one interface comprises microstructure between wantonly two layers of described each layer.For fear of the structure miniization that must make photoconduction, preferably the interface between second and the 3rd layer comprises microstructure.
In a preferred embodiment, birefringent layers is between photoconduction and the 3rd layer, thereby the 3rd layer is played the coating effect.In another preferred embodiment, the 3rd layer between photoconduction and birefringent layers, thereby the 3rd layer is played the tack coat effect.In addition, in another embodiment, ground floor and the 3rd layer refer to same one deck.
And, by suitably selecting the material of photoconduction, birefringent layers and coating or tack coat, thereby to select its refractive index, and the birefringent layers with microstructure surface suitably is provided, described device just can send polarised light.
Though one of the 3rd layer refractive index and the refractive index in the birefringent layers are complementary so that the refraction/reflection loss on the corresponding polarization direction is reduced to minimum, yet for suitable most preferably output coupling mechanism function and needn't be like this, described suitable selectivity total internal reflection (TIR) of most preferably exporting on the required polarization direction that the coupling mechanism function is exactly the microstructure place.For the non-required polarization direction that does not produce TIR at the microstructure place, some mismatches of refractive index are acceptables.Therefore, in ± 0.04 scope, preferably in ± 0.02 scope and be preferably in ± approximate match in 0.01 scope is acceptable.And birefringent layers is used to increase the refractive index difference on the required polarization direction, still matches basically with cross-polarization simultaneously, and this has caused improving emission measure and polarization contrast ratio.For the described selectivity TIR that makes waveguide light occurs in the microstructure place, must make that corresponding polarization direction is that birefringent layers and the refractive index between the coating on the corresponding direction in space realizes tangible mismatch, the refractive index of birefringent layers should be high more a lot of than the refractive index of coating.This just produces the critical angle of TIR at birefringent layers-coating interface place, promptly be incident on described light at the interface with the angle greater than critical angle and produce total internal reflection.Enough big inclination angle by will be enough big critical angle and interface is that the drift angle of microstructure combines, just the angular regions that produces total internal reflection can be controlled in the waveguide angular range, and the respective angles direction after the total internal reflection is controlled to the emission that can obtain from photoconduction.By suitable optimization, the waveguide angular regions can be chosen to make produce total internal reflection at the interface, and it is directed to the angle that can produce the polarization emission that approaches the photoconduction normal direction in microstructure.
In another embodiment, non-polarized light enters the end face of photoconduction.A polarized component of light between photoconduction and the birefringent layers at the interface and the TIR of generation at the interface between coating and surrounding air.The generation at the interface of the band microstructure of another polarized component of light between birefringent film and coating reflects or reflection, and is issued to outside the described device towards display or observer.In this embodiment of the invention, the form of the microstructure of birefringent layers is parallel spine, and these spines stretch out the surface and make the polarisation of light component produce refraction, thereby mainly light are exported towards the LCD coupling via coating.In another embodiment of the present invention, the form of the microstructure of birefringent layers is parallel groove, and these grooves stretch in the surface and make the polarisation of light component produce TIR and/or reflection, thereby mainly light are exported towards the LCD coupling via photoconduction.In the 3rd layer of embodiment between photoconduction and birefringent layers, polarised light is also mainly exported towards the LCD coupling via birefringent layers by the TIR/ reflection at microstructure place.
Can provide the polarization emission very effectively according to device of the present invention.Described optically-coupled output mechanism by the selectivity total internal reflection (TIR) at microstructure place producing the very high polarization emission of linearity near the angle of normal direction, this be according to the refraction technology in prior art such as the described device of patent US-5729311 can't realize.
Therefore, polarised light outwards sends via photoconduction via coating or along opposite direction, and this just can allow to construct any transmission-type (back lighting), transflective (back lighting) or reflective (front lit) display unit in an advantageous manner.
Another advantage provided by the present invention is, when on birefringent layers, applying microstructure, and for example by applying that the UV of liquid crystal base film known to promptly duplicates or during the UV curing process, can simplified manufacturing technique, thereby more cheap than one type of prior art syringe.
By with reference to following embodiment, can be aware and understand these and other aspect of the present invention.
Brief description of drawings
Fig. 1 schematically shows the perspective view according to lighting device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 a and 2b schematically show the cutaway view according to interface between each layer in the lighting device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 schematically shows the perspective view according to lighting device of the present invention.
Fig. 4 a-4f schematically shows the cutaway view according to lighting device of the present invention.
Fig. 5 a-5d shows the top view according to luminous lighting device of the present invention.
Fig. 6 a-6r schematically shows the cutaway view of microstructure.
Preferred embodiment
With reference to figure 1,2a and 2b show the back illumination system that is used for LCD 100 among the figure, and described back illumination system comprises isotropic fiber waveguide 101, has the birefringent layers 102 and the top coat 103 of microstructure 211,221.First reflector 104 and second reflector 105 are set, so that the polarization direction that recycling is preferentially held back in photoconduction near photoconduction.This can realize that its form is depolarization reflector such as diffuse reflector by cremasteric reflex body 104,105, i.e. the assembly of directional mirror and quarter-wave film.Perhaps, the light delay of the polarized wave leaded light in the additional delay layer provides the another way of light recycling.In addition, the recycling that produces by optical delay can come from fiber waveguide 101 and the isotropic deviation of perfect optics, this with for example in injection-molded Merlon (PC) layer general generation the same.
Material as fiber waveguide 101 for example generally includes transparent polymer, for example polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), Merlon (PC) or polystyrene (PS).Birefringent layers 102 for example generally includes orientation (as stretching) polymeric layer, for example Ding Xiang PETG (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) (PBT), polyethylene glycol phthalate (PEN) or liquid crystal layer, for example liquid crystal layer of the uniaxial orientation of Gu Huaing or crosslinked liquid crystal network.Coating 103 for example generally includes transparent polymeric material, for example polypropylene acid resin (as the Bisphenol A ethoxylated diacrylate that solidifies, the hexanedioldiacrylate (HDDA) of curing, the phenoxyethylacrylate (POEA) that solidifies, epoxy resin, these mixtures of material of solidifying) or aligned liquid-crystal layer.
Non-polarized light sends from light source 120 and enters into waveguide along a plurality of light paths, has wherein only demonstrated first light path 131 and second light path 141.The propagation of light path 131,141 will more specifically be discussed below.
Yet, before beginning to describe the propagation of light path in detail, should suitably recall some characteristics of polarization phenomena, will rely on these characteristics following in to the description of embodiment.Because linear polarization, non-polarized light beam is divided into two mutually orthogonal light beam components.By being incident on, non-polarized light beam has refractive index n IsoIsotropic material the zone and have a refractive index n oAnd n eThe zone of anisotropic material between the interface on, wherein in these two refractive indexes is n oOr n eEqual or be substantially equal to n Iso, just can obtain this polarization separation.When non-polarized light beam was incident on this interface, the beam component that can not detect any refractive index difference at the interface between isotropism and anisotropic material will not have refraction ground therefrom to be passed through, and another component will produce refraction.If n IsoEqual or be substantially equal to n o, so ordinary light beam does not have refraction ground by the interface between isotropism and the anisotropic material; If n IsoEqual or be substantially equal to n e, so this interface will make very light beam have refraction ground not pass through.
In described embodiment, the polymeric material in waveguide 101, birefringent film 102 and the coating 103 is chosen to:
n O, film＜n Iso, waveguide＜n E, film, and
n O, film≈ n Iso, coating
Wherein, n O, filmAnd n E, filmBe respectively the ordinary index of refraction and the extra-ordinary index of refraction of birefringent film 102, n Iso, waveguideBe the isotropic refractive index of waveguide 101, n Iso, coatingIt is the isotropic refractive index of coating 103.
Therefore the light of s-polarization state be coupled in the birefringent film 102, shown in light path 132 and light path 142 in the transformation of 107 places, interface of waveguide/birefringent film experience from the low-refraction to the high index of refraction.The transformation from the high index of refraction to the low-refraction of p-polarised light experience, if therefore light enough collimate it will be by total internal reflection in waveguide, shown in light path 133 and light path 143.In other words, based on the TIR at 107 places, interface of waveguide/birefringent film and introduce the first polarization separation mechanism.
Birefringent film is provided with microstructure (label 211 among Fig. 2 a and the label 221 among Fig. 2 b), so that s-polarised light 132,142 is exported towards LCD 100 couplings.If there is not this microstructure, light will still be intercepted and captured in waveguide because of the TIR at for example coating/air interface 109 places.Be filled with coating 103 in the microstructure 211,221, the ordinary index of refraction of itself and birefringent film 102 is complementary and has therefore introduced the second polarization mechanism, promptly between birefringent film 102 and coating 103, produce the refractive index coupling by light path 133 represented remaining P-polarised lights, and at coating/air interface 109 places by total internal reflection, therefore still intercepted and captured.Yet S polarized light is that light path 132 exists refractive index mismatch between birefringent film 102 and coating 103, thereby is outputed to outside the waveguide 101 in coupling on LCD 100 or observer's the direction by microstructure 211,221.In order to make the refractive index mismatch maximum of S polarized light, Topcoating 103 also should be chosen as anisotropy.
As selection, to send the polarisation of light direction and rotate to different orientation in order to make, can set up the polarization rotating layer.For example, in order to realize the polarization direction rotation of 45 degree, can set up the part that piles up of two λ/4 retardation plates, the axis of these two retardation plates is 45 degree each other.
The design of microstructure in birefringent film 102 again.In Fig. 2 a and 2b, show two kinds of different microstructures designs 211,221 that are mainly refraction and reflection respectively.Show microstructure 211 in Fig. 2 a, it is mainly through refraction and the output linearly polarized photon that is coupled.The major advantage of these microstructures is, the depolarization of the light between period of output of can avoiding being coupled, and therefore obtain highly polarized light.Yet light outputs on the planar waveguide with bigger angle coupling with respect to normal 210, therefore, needs extra directed again paper tinsel (not shown) to obtain the light emission on LCD100 or observer's direction.
Though the section in the microstructure shown in Fig. 2 a and the 2b is triangular shaped, and asymmetric, yet also can adopt microstructure with respect to direction Z symmetrical triangular shape with respect to the direction Z vertical with their extensions in plan.Can carry out other to microstructure in addition and revise, for example depart from groove or the extension of spine's shape, for example geometry of hole or protuberance class in triangular shaped and/or the slip chart plane.Fig. 6 a shows the example of the geometry of microstructure by cutaway view to 6r.Groove or spine can comprise the minor groove/spine of the repetition that extends in the surface, or comprise pit or protuberance, and as symmetry or asymmetric leg-of-mutton substituting, also can comprise recessed, protruding or a plurality of straight sides.
Show microstructure 221 in Fig. 2 b, it is mainly by the total internal reflection output light that is coupled, and light directly sends and need not to use extra paper tinsel towards LCD 100 or observer.Export along the polarised light of normal 210 by the center that can obtain that combines with unidirectional output coupling, it is favourable that unidirectional output is coupling in the front lit application.And the coupling delivery efficiency of light is quite high in the situation based on the reflective microstructure of total internal reflection, and this has formed contrast with the lower refraction type microstructure of the coupling delivery efficiency that is characterized as light.
Refer now to Fig. 3 and while with reference to figure 2a and 2b, Fig. 3 schematically shows second design according to back lighting of the present invention/front lit lighting device.With combine Fig. 1,2a is identical with the system that 2b is discussed, and demonstrates the back lighting and/or the forward lighting systems that are used for LCD 300 among the figure, described system comprises isotropic fiber waveguide 301, has the birefringent film 302 and the top coat 303 of microstructure 211,221.The same with above-mentioned example, it is adjacent with photoconduction that reflector 305 is arranged to.
Non-polarized light is sent by light source 320 and enters into waveguide 301 along a plurality of light paths, shown in the figure wherein the S-component of first light path 331 and the P-component of second light path 341.Polymeric material is chosen to:
n Iso, waveguide≤ n O, film＜n E, film, and
n O, film=n Iso, coating
Here, the light of S-polarization and P-polarization all experiences the transformation from the low-refraction to the high index of refraction at 307 places, interface of waveguide/birefringent film.In other words, all be coupled in the birefringent film 302 two polarization directions of light, the separation of polarisation of light direction can not take place, promptly at described specific interface 307 places, the light beam of two polarization directions differently reflects, yet does not have a kind of polarization to be excluded outside anisotropic band.P-polarization and S polarized light separate and the coupling of light output occurs over just 308 places, interface of microstructure/top coat.The advantage of this particular design is that the selection of material is not critical, the more important thing is, the performance of back lighting and/or front lit becomes to only not too inresponsive by alignment correctly.This means the non-collimated light that for example can use from traditional cold-cathode fluorescence lamp (CCFL) or light emitting diode (LED).
Fig. 4 a-4f shows other modification according to the embodiment of multiple field lighting device of the present invention.Form is that the ground floor of photoconduction substrate 401 receives the non-polarized light from lamp 420.All demonstrated the propagation of light and be separated into the S-component and the P-component among each width of cloth figure in Fig. 4 a-4f.Introduce about the details of propagating in conjunction with Fig. 1-3.All examples among Fig. 4 a-4f include the birefringent layers that is provided with microstructure 410,430.Microstructure 410 in Fig. 4 a-4c example shown is parallel groove, and the form of the microstructure 430 in Fig. 4 d-4f example shown is parallel spine.
In Fig. 4 a, photoconduction substrate 401 is covered by birefringent (promptly anisotropic) second layer 402 of band microstructure at least in part, and being provided with the 3rd layer 403 above the second layer 402 is coating.Coating 403 can be optically isotropic or anisotropic.
In Fig. 4 b, similar with Fig. 4 a, photoconduction substrate 401 is covered by birefringent (promptly anisotropic) second layer 402 of band microstructure at least in part, is provided with the 3rd coating 403 above the second layer 402.Yet in the device shown in Fig. 4 b, birefringent layers 402 is arranged on the photoconduction substrate layer 401 as viscose glue by means of tack coat 414.
In Fig. 4 c, photoconduction substrate 401 is covered by the birefringent second layer 422 of band microstructure at least in part.Yet, compare with the example among the 4b with Fig. 4 a, between the substrate 401 and the second layer 422, be provided with close-burning the 3rd layer 423.Tack coat 423 can be optically isotropic or anisotropic.
In Fig. 4 d, photoconduction substrate 401 is covered by the birefringent second layer 432 of band microstructure at least in part, and being provided with the 3rd layer 433 above the second layer 432 is coating.Coating 433 can be optically isotropic or anisotropic.
In Fig. 4 e, similar with Fig. 4 d, photoconduction substrate 401 is covered by the birefringent second layer 432 of band microstructure at least in part, is provided with the 3rd coating 433 above the second layer 432.Yet in the device shown in Fig. 4 b, birefringent layers 432 is arranged on the photoconduction substrate layer 401 as viscose glue by means of tack coat 444.
In Fig. 4 f, photoconduction substrate 401 is covered by the birefringent second layer 452 of band microstructure at least in part.Yet, compare with the example among the 4e with Fig. 4 d, between the substrate 401 and the second layer 452, be provided with close-burning the 3rd layer 453.Tack coat 453 can be optically isotropic or anisotropic.
For technique effect of the present invention is described, carried out by wherein only the substrate oriented layer produce at the interface polarization separation the light that device sent measurement of comparison and by measurement according to the light that device of the present invention sent.
In measurement of comparison, adopted refractive index n Iso, waveguide=1.585 Merlon waveguide.Adopted that draw ratio is 4.5, n O, film=1.57 and n E, film=1.87 stretching pen film.Make microstructure (referring to Fig. 2 b) by micro-cutting processing in stretched film, the major axis of described microstructure is parallel to draw direction.The employing refractive index is that the viscose glue of 1.585 (promptly the refractive index with the Merlon waveguide is identical) is bonded in birefringent film in the Merlon waveguide.Non-collimated light and highly collimated light are coupled in the waveguide, and measure the angular distribution relevant of sending light with polarization.Measurement shows that light mainly goes out into about 15 angular emission of spending with the normal with planar waveguide.Contrast ratio between S polarized light and the P-polarised light is lower under the situation of non-collimated light (being 1.9 on the direction of normal 210), and increasing (being 2.5 on the direction of normal 210) after the incident light alignment.
In adopting, adopted refractive index n according to the measurement that device of the present invention carried out Iso, waveguide=1.49 polymethyl methacrylate waveguide.Adopted equally that draw ratio is 4.5, n O, film=1.57 and n E, film=1.87 stretching pen film.Make microstructure (referring to Fig. 2 b) by micro-cutting processing in stretched film, the major axis of described microstructure is parallel to draw direction.Adopting refractive index is that 1.49 viscose glue is bonded in birefringent film in the polymethyl methacrylate waveguide.Set up the 3rd coating on stretched film, its refractive index is 1.57 (promptly the ordinary index of refraction with the stretching pen film is identical).Non-collimation is coupled light in the waveguide with the CCFL that highly collimates, and measure the spatial distribution relevant of sending light with polarization.Measurement shows, light is mainly launched along the normal of the planar waveguide of light guide side, and for uncollimated incident light, the contrast ratio between s-polarised light and the p-polarised light is higher.
In table 1, be given in the total luminous intensity that on all angles, comprehensively forms when adopting non-collimation edge light, and be displayed in Table 2 the corresponding local strength value on normal direction.As can be seen from Table 2, the ratio of the S/P polarised light that sends along surface normal can be up to 60-90, the result from table 1 as can be seen, the comprehensive polarization contrast ratio of S/P light can be up to 14.5.
Fig. 5 a-d shows the photo of the lighting device of the back lighting prototype that for example is used for above-mentioned example.Fig. 5 a display lamp and sample fixer 501, PMMA substrate 502 and have the PEN paper tinsel 503 in the zone 504 of with groove.The device that Fig. 5 b display lamp is opened and directly observed.Shown in Fig. 5 c, observe the left part of back lighting by the directed polarizer 505 of S-, be difficult to see lowering of luminance, and shown in Fig. 5 d, observe the right part of back lighting by the directed polarizer 506 of P-, and the then complete blackening of image, this expression photoconduction emission exists high linear polarization contrast ratio.
Table 1:
Substrate side Comprehensive brightness (1m/m 2) S????????P The ratio CR of S/P
Away from lamp 265 ?25.1 ?9.0
The sample center 297 ?36.0 ?8.25
Near lamp 365 ?29.5 ?14.5
Coated side Comprehensive brightness S P The ratio CR of S/P
The sample center 153 ??45.0 ?3.4
Table 2:
Substrate side Normal brightness (cd/m 2) S????????????????????????????P The ratio CR of S/P
Away from lamp 200 ?3 ?66.7
The sample center 250 ?4 ?62.5
Near lamp 260 ?3 ?86.7
Coated side Comprehensive brightness S P The ratio CR of S/P
The sample center 33 ?6 ?5.5
Therefore, generally speaking, multi-layered arrangement according to the present invention provides emission of polarized light.At least one interface between the layer is provided with microstructure.In one embodiment, form is the non-polarized light of the ground floor reception of photoconduction substrate (401) from lamp (420).The birefringent second layer (402) is provided with the microstructure (410) of parallel groove form.Being provided with the 3rd layer (403) above birefringent layers is coating.Light is by means of at the selectivity total internal reflection TIR of the surface of the band microstructure of birefringent layers and the output that is coupled, the polarization emission that produces highly linear with the angle near normal.Polarised light can send or send in opposite direction via photoconduction via coating, and this just can allow to construct any transmission-type (back lighting), transflective (back lighting) or reflective (front lit) display unit in an advantageous manner.

Claims (14)

1. lighting device of being arranged to receive non-polarized light and sending polarised light, described lighting device comprises that at least form is the ground floor of optical clear photoconduction, the birefringent second layer and the 3rd layer, and it is characterized in that: at least one interface comprises microstructure between wantonly two layers of described each layer.
2. device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described birefringent layers is between described photoconduction and described the 3rd layer, thereby described the 3rd layer is played the coating effect.
3. device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described the 3rd layer between described photoconduction and described birefringent layers, thereby described the 3rd layer is played the tack coat effect.
4. as each described device in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: described ground floor and described the 3rd layer connect into a layer.
5. as each described device in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that: described microstructure comprises stretches out described spine with surface of microstructure.
6. as each described device in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that: described microstructure comprises and stretches into described groove with surface of microstructure.
7. as each described device in the claim 5 to 6, it is characterized in that: the section of the single microstructure of described extension is symmetrical with respect to the direction with the bearing of trend quadrature.
8. as each described device in the claim 5 to 7, it is characterized in that: the section of the single microstructure of described extension is triangular shaped.
9. as each described device in the claim 1 to 8, it is characterized in that: described the 3rd layer for isotropic material, one of refractive index of its refractive index and described birefringent layers is consistent basically.
10. as each described device in the claim 1 to 8, it is characterized in that: described the 3rd layer for anisotropic material, one of refractive index of one of its refractive index and described birefringent layers is consistent basically.
11. as each described device in the claim 1 to 8, it is characterized in that: described photoconduction has the refractive index lower than the refractive index of described birefringent layers.
12. as each described device in the claim 1 to 8, it is characterized in that: described photoconduction has the refractive index between each refractive index that is in described birefringent layers.
13. as each described device in the claim 1 to 12, it is characterized in that: described device also comprises and is in the additional delay layer between wantonly two layers in described each layer.
14. a display system, it comprises flat LCD and as each described lighting device in the claim 1 to 13.
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