CN1558564B - Data Communication System Based on Power Line and Its Realization Method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a system for realizing data communication based on subzone power line network which comprises a subzone switch-in network and a subzone power line network that are coupled together, the entry port of the subzone power line network is provided with at least a local side main station device, and each exit end of the subzone power line network is provided with at least a user side secondary station device matchine with the local side master station equipment. The invention also provides a method for realizing data communication in the said system.

Description

Data Communication System Based on Power Line and Its Realization Method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of power line network and data communication and information technology, more specifically, to a system for realizing high-speed data communication in a low-voltage power distribution network, and a method for realizing such high-speed data communication.

Background technique

The use of power lines for voice and data transmission has a history of decades, but because the power line system is not a system dedicated to data communication, the research and development of related technologies have not been carried out on a large scale, so data communication based on power lines is mostly in Low-speed voice and data communication in the low-to-medium frequency range. With the development of information technology and the advent of the information age, people's demand for high-speed data services is also increasing. Among the many alternative data access methods, using the existing low-voltage distribution network as a carrier to transmit high-speed data undoubtedly has obvious advantages.

The 14Mbps system based on the American HomePlug1.0 standard uses the existing power lines in the home to carry out computer networking in the home, thereby realizing access to resources such as the Internet, printers, and shared files, as well as high-speed data communications such as online interactive games for multi-person networking. Function. However, this technique has some drawbacks. On the one hand, since there are few centralized residential areas in the United States as in China, this technology is mainly focused on realizing high-speed data communication within a single family; on the other hand, even if the above-mentioned American technology exists for centralized Due to the differences in the network environment and hardware equipment such as the distribution power line network, it is impossible to move the technology as it is to a concentrated community like our country, so as to realize high-speed data communication based on wires.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to fill the gaps in the above-mentioned prior art, make full use of the existing low-voltage power distribution power line network infrastructure, and provide users with data communication services, such as Internet access services, remote monitoring, etc., without any wiring.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a system for realizing data communication based on a residential power line network is provided, the system includes:

Community access network, community power line network,

The cell access network is coupled to the cell power line network, and the cell access network is also coupled to an external network, so that each corresponding client communication device in the cell power line network accesses The network and the community power line network (3) realize data communication with the external network.

In the above-mentioned system for realizing data communication based on the residential power line network, it includes at least one central office master station equipment set at the entrance of the residential power line network, and the central station equipment set at each exit end of the residential power line network to communicate with the central office At least one user-side slave station device matched with the end-master station device, wherein the central office-side master station device is coupled with the external network through the cell access network, so as to communicate with the user-side slave station device through the corresponding user-side slave station device With the cooperation of the master station equipment at the central office, the data communication equipment at the user end connected to the slave station equipment at the user end performs data communication with the external network via the power line network of the cell and the access network of the cell.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for realizing data communication in a system based on a cell power line network, the system including a cell access network and a cell power line network, the method comprising the steps of:

coupling the cell access network and the cell power line network together;

coupling the cell access network with an external network;

Therefore, each corresponding client communication device in the cell power line network realizes data communication with the external network through the cell access network and the cell power line network.

In the above-mentioned method for implementing data communication in a system based on a residential power line network, the step of coupling the residential access network and the residential power line network includes sub-steps:

At least one central office master station device is set at the entrance of the residential power line network, and at least one user end slave station device matching the central office master station device is set at each exit end of the residential power line network;

Coupling the master station equipment at the central office and the external network through the cell access network;

Therefore, through the cooperation of the corresponding user-end slave station equipment and the central office master station equipment, the data user-end data communication equipment connected to each of the user-end slave station equipment accesses the network via the power line network of the cell and the cell The network communicates data with external networks.

Description of drawings

By further explaining the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, the purpose, features and benefits of the present invention will become clearer. In the attached picture:

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a low-voltage power line high-speed data communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a functional block diagram of the central office master station equipment used in the low-voltage power line high-speed data communication system according to this embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a functional block diagram of the user end slave station equipment used in the low-voltage power line high-speed data communication system according to this embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an installation schematic diagram of the direct coupling between the central office master station equipment and the power line network in the low-voltage power line high-speed data communication system according to this embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of coupling a high-frequency signal line to a user's electric meter in the low-voltage power line high-speed data communication system according to this embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the high-frequency signal line connecting the ammeters of multiple users in the same ammeter box in the low-voltage power line high-speed data communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of high-frequency signal lines connecting the ammeters of multiple users in the ammeter boxes on different floors in the low-voltage power line high-speed data communication system according to this embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram that realizes the high-rise tower building network of the low-voltage power line high-speed data communication system according to the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a multi-unit low-rise slab building network realizing a low-voltage power line high-speed data communication system according to the present invention;

Fig. 10 is the schematic diagram that realizes the multi-unit high-rise slab building network of the low-voltage power line high-speed data communication system according to the present invention;

Fig. 11 is the schematic diagram that realizes the commercial office building networking of low-voltage power line high-speed data communication system according to the present invention;

Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a hotel and hotel network implementing the low-voltage power line high-speed data communication system according to the present invention.

Detailed ways

Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Referring to FIG. 1 , this figure shows a schematic diagram of a low-voltage power line high-speed data communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the system includes: the existing low-voltage power line network of the community in the corresponding residential area formed by the power line 3; the community access network represented by the Ethernet line 2; the external network, such as the Internet 4; The central office master station equipment 5 (PLC-HE, that is: power line carrier communication equipment-office end master station equipment) coupled with the Internet 4; the power line 3 is respectively connected to each user in the residential area (only 2 are shown in the figure) 8 The user end slave station equipment (PLC-CPE, that is: power line carrier communication equipment-client end slave station equipment) 6 is coupled, and each user end has an electric meter 9 . Among them, the high-frequency data communication line 1 connects the central office master station equipment PLC-HE 5 and The user-side slave station equipment PLC-CPE 6 is coupled together. Thus, communication between the client data communication device 7 and external networks such as the Internet 4 can be realized. The above-mentioned central office master station equipment PLC-HE 5 and user end slave station equipment PLC-CPE 6 are both power line carrier communication equipment, which are used to modulate and demodulate related signals in data communication. Therefore, any other power line communication equipment with modulation and demodulation function can also be used as the master station equipment PLC-HE 5 at the central office and the slave station equipment PLC-CPE 6 at the user end.

The implementation details of this embodiment of the present invention are described below with reference to FIGS. 2-8 .

The main technical indicators and functional block diagrams of the master station equipment PLC-HE 5 at the central office and the slave station equipment PLC-CPE 6 at the user end used in this system are shown in the following table:

Table 1 main technical indicators

Figure 2 and Figure 3 are the functional block diagrams of the master station equipment PLC-HE 5 at the central office and the slave station equipment PLC-CPE 6 at the user end respectively. Although high-speed data communication with a transmission rate of 14 Mbps is implemented in this embodiment, those skilled in the art should understand that high-speed data communication with other transmission rates can also be accomplished by using the above-mentioned system of the present invention.

In this embodiment, the central office master station equipment PLC-HE 5 has a transmission rate of 14 Mbps, and is generally installed in a low-voltage power distribution cabinet or between electric meters, serving as a bridge between the external access network 2 and the power line high-speed communication network 3, for connecting The standard Ethernet signal is converted into a high-frequency signal suitable for transmission on the power line, and the signal is coupled to the low-voltage distribution network 3 through a capacitive or inductive broadband coupling device. The PLC-HE 5 needs to be used in conjunction with the power line high-speed carrier communication equipment PLC-CPE 6 of the user-side slave station equipment.

Next, the installation and use of the low-voltage power line high-speed data communication network of this embodiment will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1) Installation environment

According to the site conditions, the central office master station equipment PLC-HE 5 can be installed in a dedicated computer room, using an existing power distribution room, or using a wall-mounted cabinet. The installation environment should be well ventilated, the temperature should be kept at -20-50°C, the humidity should be 10%-90%, and an uninterrupted 220V/50Hz power supply should be provided. The usable area of the machine room and power distribution room is not less than 3 square meters, which is used to place 19-inch standard cabinets, and the depth of the cabinets should be greater than 450mm. The available size of the wall-mounted cabinet should be greater than: 400mm×400mm×300mm. The cabinet or chassis where the equipment is placed should have cooling holes, and it is best to configure a cooling fan to ensure good heat dissipation of the equipment. The computer room, power distribution room, cabinet or chassis should have enough spare space to place other auxiliary equipment, such as switches, photoelectric converters, etc., or reserve the location for auxiliary equipment.

Necessary broadband outlets, such as optical fiber, VDSL, ADSL, etc., shall be laid in advance at the installation site of PLC-HE 5, the master station equipment at the central office. Connect the 220V/50Hz power line, Ethernet line (connected to the broadband outlet), and high-frequency signal line (used to couple high-frequency signals to the power line network) in the chassis in advance.

2) Hardware installation

Insert the Ethernet cable into the RJ-45 Ethernet port of the PLC-HE 5 (not shown in the figure), and the PLC-HE 5 will automatically recognize the crossover or direct connection of the Ethernet cable, no need to set; insert the high-frequency signal line laid in advance The high-frequency signal RJ-11 interface of the PLC-HE 5; connect the power supply to the PLC-HE 5, the Power light and the PLC light of the PLC-HE 5 are always on, indicating that the equipment is in good condition. So far, the installation of PLC-HE 5 is complete.

In addition, it is also possible to directly couple the high-frequency data communication signal to the power line 3 without using another high-frequency data communication line 1 , that is, a direct coupling method. Figure 4 shows exactly this direct coupling. The performance index of PLC-HE 5 used in the central office master station equipment is exactly the same as that of PLC-HE 5 used in the networking scheme using high-frequency signal line coupling. The difference is that in the direct coupling mode, The PLC-HE 5 does not completely separate the signal and power parts, and the high-frequency signal is directly coupled to the power line of the PLC-HE 5 through the signal coupling part inside the PLC-HE 5. In other words, the signal and power are multiplexed on the same power line. Therefore, PLC-HE 5, the master station equipment at the central office, does not have a separate high-frequency signal line. When the PLC-HE 5 is powered on, the high-frequency signal is also injected into the power line network connected to the wall power supply through the power line. In this direct coupling mode, the high-frequency data communication signal is coupled to the power line network 3 by properly configuring the master station equipment at the central office, thus saving the high-frequency signal line. However, this coupling method requires modification of the existing power line network, for example, coupling the power supply/high frequency signal terminal of PLC-HE 5 to the wall power supply in the existing power line network, so in this process There is electrical contact. Therefore, this direct coupling method is preferably suitable for use in a small-scale residential area.

During data communication, the Power light and PLC (modem) light of PLC-HE 5 are always on, and the ACT light and ETH interface status light are flashing. If the ETH indicator is off, it means that the device is not properly connected to the Ethernet switch or computer, and the Ethernet cable should be checked. If multiple devices communicate at the same time, the COL light may flash, indicating that there is a conflict, which does not affect the use.

When the high-frequency signal line coupling method is used for networking, a suitable coupling device can be used at the live line and neutral line at the outlet end of each meter 9 to couple the high-frequency signal line to the power line. This solution has obvious advantages when the meters are placed centrally. For the case where the electric meters are placed in layers, it is necessary to use the original power line pipeline to lay high-frequency signal lines between the main station equipment PLC-HE 5 at the central office and the electric meters on each floor. The whole installation process has no electrical contact and does not change the structure of the original distribution network, which is safe and convenient.

In the user's home, directly insert the user-side slave device PLC-CPE 6 into the wall socket, connect the USB interface of the PLC-CPE 6 to the computer, that is, the user-side data communication device 7, and install the corresponding driver to realize self-PLC -Reliable data communication between HE 5 and PLC-CPE 6. Certainly, any communication device that needs to realize high-speed data communication function can also be connected with PLC-CPE 6. In addition, if the family cannot communicate reliably due to the interference of household appliances such as mobile phone chargers, electronic energy-saving lamps, and some computer power supplies, it is necessary to install a channel optimization device between the corresponding household appliances and the wall socket to achieve anti-interference. Purpose.

The Ethernet interface of PLC-HE 5 is directly connected with the Ethernet switch 20 of the community, in order to reduce the broadcast domain of the power line network, ensure network performance and for security considerations, preferably, the switch 20 connected to PLC-HE 5 is set based on port VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) to support port isolation.

Although in the present embodiment, the user end master station equipment PLC-HE 5 is coupled with the network switch 20 and the external network 4 through an Ethernet connection, those skilled in the art should understand that other similar connection methods can also be used to achieve Coupling between PLC-HE 5 and network switch 20 and external network 4. These contents belong to the well-known knowledge in the field of network communication, and will not be repeated here.

3) Coupling device

The PLC-HE 5 master station equipment at the central office converts the Ethernet signal into a power line high-frequency communication signal, and injects the high-frequency communication signal into the power line through a high-frequency coupling device, thereby performing data communication based on the existing community power line network. In this embodiment, the coupling device adopts a detachable magnetic ring with an installation buckle, and there is no electrical contact during installation, which is safe and convenient. The length of the meter outlet for signal coupling must be at least 5 cm.

The coupling magnetic ring can be selected from the ZCAT series produced by Japan TDK Company, depending on the size of the power line, there are many specifications to choose from. For example:

ZCAT3035-1330 Specifications:

(1) Inner diameter: 13mm

(2) Outer diameter: 30mm

(3) Length: 35mm

ZCAT2132-1130 Specifications:

(1) Inner diameter: 11mm

(2) Outer diameter: 21mm

(3) Length: 32mm

ZCAT2032-0930 Specifications:

(1) Inner diameter: 9mm

(2) Outer diameter: 20mm

(3) Length: 32mm

Certainly, other suitable electromagnetic coupling devices may also be used according to the networking environment.

In addition, the high-frequency data communication signal carried on the high-frequency signal line can also be injected into the power line through the capacitive coupling device. However, since the capacitive coupling device itself needs to work in an active environment, the capacitive coupling method involves electrical contact during operation, and is more suitable for use in a small residential area.

4) High frequency signal line

The high-frequency signal line can be a 4-core unshielded twisted pair that conforms to the GB/T 50312-2000 standard.

5) High-frequency signal line coupling method

Figure 5 shows the coupling method with only one user.

As shown in Figure 5, set the magnetic ring 10 on the outlet end of the electric meter 9 (the ones turning to the right in the figure are the live wire and the neutral wire outlet, the same as in the following figures), one on the neutral wire outlet, one on the live wire outlet, The high-frequency signal line 1 passes through the magnetic ring 10 . In order to reduce the attenuation of the signal, the signal line follows the principle of being as short as possible, and the joints are preferably welded instead of simply twisted to enhance reliability.

The principle of electromagnetic induction law is mainly used for the coupling of high-frequency signals using magnetic rings, so it is necessary to pay attention to the direction of high-frequency signal lines, so as to avoid the high-frequency signals on different user power lines under the same central office master station equipment canceling each other, resulting in reduced High frequency signal strength. The direction of the high-frequency signal line should follow the following principles: all the ammeters under the same central office master station equipment should be completely consistent, and the direction of the live line and the neutral line is just opposite, that is, a loop is formed.

For example, when the hot wire of the first ammeter couples high-frequency signals, the direction of the signal wires is along the direction of the outgoing current of the meter, then when the hot wires of other ammeters under the same central office are coupled with high-frequency signals, the signal wires should follow the current direction. direction. After the terminal coupling of the terminal ammeter is completed, the two terminals of the high-frequency signal line are welded and wrapped with adhesive tape to form a loop. Figure 6 shows that when there are multiple electric meters of users (two in the figure) in the same electric meter box, the high-frequency signal lines connect the electric meters in series.

Figure 7 shows the direction of high-frequency signal line coupling between meter boxes on different floors. The figure shows the wiring situation where the high-frequency signal line 1 is coupled to the electric meters (four in the figure) of multiple users in the two floors (bounded by the dotted line). As shown in the figure, the high-frequency signal line connects the ammeters in series and forms a loop.

When performing on-site wiring and high-frequency signal coupling, it should be noted that the high-frequency signal lines drawn from the PLC-HE 5 master station equipment at the same central office should ensure that the routing direction is consistent with all corresponding user terminals. In addition, while following the above rules, special attention should be paid to the safety of the wiring in the meter box, the wiring should be as beautiful as possible, and the original electrical equipment and related facilities should not be damaged. Be careful not to short-circuit the high-frequency signal line with the grounding equipment such as the meter box, otherwise the equipment may be burned. Try to avoid running open wires outside the meter box. If necessary, the relevant cables can go into the wire slot or PVC pipe.

6) Typical networking scheme

a) High-rise tower building network

As shown in Figure 8, the high-rise tower determines the management of each PLC-HE 5 depending on the number of users on each floor and the capabilities of the user-side slave device PLC-CPE 6 carried by each central office master station device PLC-HE 5 number of floors. For example, in the Yuetan Community of Beijing State Power Corporation, there are 8 users on each floor, and a central office master station equipment PLC-HE 5 can be set up for 24 users on every three floors. For clarity of description, only one user 8 of each floor and two PLC-HE 5 therein are shown in the figure. The rest of the connections are similar.

b) Networking of multi-unit low-rise slab buildings

As shown in Figure 9, the multi-unit low-rise slab building has fewer floors and the number of users in each unit is not large. One central office master station equipment PLC-HE 5 can be set up in 2-3 units. For example, Shenyang Dianye Xincun has 10 users per unit, and a central office master station equipment PLE-HE 5 can be set up for every 3 units to manage 30 users.

c) Networking of multi-unit high-rise slab buildings

As shown in Figure 10, a multi-unit high-rise board building is equipped with a central office master station equipment PLC-HE 5 in each unit. For example, Beijing Huaneng Group's Baizhifang community has 9 floors, and each unit has 18 users (only 3 of them are shown in the figure), and a central office master station device PLE-HE 5 can be set up for each unit to manage 18 users .

d) Business office network

As shown in Figure 11, for the situation of providing power line high-speed carrier communication access for the entire commercial office building, you can refer to the networking modes of the above-mentioned high-rise tower building, multi-unit low-rise board building and multi-unit high-rise board building. Since there is no floor electric meter in the office building, the coupling behind the electric meter is changed to the coupling at the floor power distribution cabinet (not shown in the figure).

For the situation of providing power line high-speed carrier communication access for a certain office in a commercial office building, as shown in Figure 11, only need to insert the power line interface of the PLC-HE 5 of the master station equipment at the local end into any wall socket 30, and the Other Wall Outlet 30 Enjoy the convenience of a wired mobile network. As can be seen from the figure, in this networking scheme, the above-mentioned direct coupling method is used to couple high-frequency data communication signals to the power line network.

e) Hotel and hotel networking

For small hotels, it is only necessary to install PLC-HE5, the local master station equipment, at the general power distribution cabinet, and then the wall socket 30 in each guest room can access the Internet.

For large hotels, as shown in Figure 12, the central office main station equipment PLC-HE 5 is installed on each floor, and then the central office main station equipment PLC-HE 5 is coupled to the support port based VLAN on the network switch 20. As shown in the figure, in this networking method, the above-mentioned direct coupling method is used to couple the high-frequency data communication signal to the power line network 3, thereby realizing the communication device 7 at the user end in each guest room (only each is shown in the figure). A guest room in the floor, that is, a communication device 7 in a client, the rest are omitted and not shown) and an external network, such as high-speed data communication between the Internet 4.

In fact, although the networking methods listed above respectively use the high-frequency signal line coupling method or the direct connection coupling method to realize the coupling between the high-frequency data communication signal and the community power line network 3 . However, those skilled in the art can know from the above description that each of the above networking methods can use the high-frequency signal line coupling mode or the direct connection coupling mode for networking.

In addition, the present invention also provides a method for realizing data communication in the above-mentioned system based on the residential power line network of the present invention, the method includes the steps of:

coupling the cell access network 2 and the cell power line network 3 together;

Coupling the cell access network 2 with an external network 4;

Therefore, each corresponding client communication device 7 in the cell power line network 3 realizes data communication with an external network through the cell access network 2 and the cell power line network 3 .

In a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned method of the present invention, at least one central office master station equipment PLC-HE 5 is set at the entrance of the community power line network 3 of the system, and at each exit port of the community power line network 3 At least one user end slave station equipment PLC-CPE 6 matched with the central office master station equipment is set; the central office master station equipment PLC-HE 5 is coupled with the external network 4 through the cell access network 2 together. Thus, through the cooperation of the corresponding user-end slave station equipment and the central office master station equipment, the data user-end data communication equipment connected to each of the user-end slave station equipment 6 passes through the cell power line network 3 and the cell The access network 2 performs data communication with the external network 4 .

It can be seen from the above introduction to the specific embodiments of the system and method for realizing high-speed data communication in the system based on the low-voltage power line network in the residential area of the present invention that the present invention can bring at least the following benefits.

1) It can solve the problem of the last 300 meters after the broadband reaches the community, and realize the power line broadband access network from the power distribution switch cabinet or the meter room to the user's home, without wiring, without drilling holes through the wall, without destroying the decoration, and saving manpower and material resources. It is an ideal solution for broadband access.

2) It is possible to install the main station equipment PLC-HE at the home broadband entrance

5. Its Ethernet port is connected to the home broadband interface, and its power line interface is plugged into any wall socket in the home, so that you can enjoy the convenience brought by wired mobile network in any room with a wall socket in the home.

3) For example, the bandwidth can be as high as 14Mbps, and the throughput can be as high as 6Mbps, which fully meets the needs of multiple computers in the home for networking, and can realize the sharing of resources such as Internet connections, printers, files, etc., and can also carry out multiplayer interactive online games. All of this can be achieved without wiring and without damaging the decoration.

4) By further embedding the communication module into the home appliance, you can enjoy the convenience of life brought by smart home appliances in advance.

5) By using the permanent online feature (unless the power supply of the community is interrupted), a digital home integrating security and monitoring can be built.

6) Establish a digital community that integrates community e-commerce services and remote copying of water, electricity, and heat meters.

7) It can realize the internal networking of small and medium-sized enterprises, without wiring, and has good mobility.

8) It is especially suitable for broadband access in guest rooms of hotels and hotels, and does not need to be fully configured. The staying passengers only need to rent power line high-speed carrier communication equipment to realize Internet access.

Although the present invention has been described in detail above in conjunction with specific embodiments, as understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and the details of each constituent part thereof. Without departing from the basic principle and spirit of the present invention, those skilled in the art can also make various changes and modifications to the above-mentioned embodiments. In conclusion, the protection scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims (24)

1. A system for realizing data communication based on a community power line network, the system comprising: A cell access network (2), coupled to the cell power line network (3), and the cell access network (2) is also coupled to an external network (4); The community power line network (3), enabling each corresponding client communication device (7) in the community power line network (3) to realize data communication with the external network (4) through the community access network (2) and the community power line network (3); It is characterized in that it also includes at least one central office master station device and user end slave station device, wherein: The master station equipment (5) at the central office is set at the entrance of the power line network (3) of the residential area, the Ethernet cable is inserted into the RJ-45 Ethernet port of the master station equipment at the central office, and the high-frequency signal line laid in advance is inserted into the central office The high-frequency signal RJ-11 interface of the master station equipment, and converts the Ethernet signal into a power line high-frequency communication signal, and injects the high-frequency communication signal into the power line through a high-frequency coupling device; through the cell access network (2) and External networks (4) are coupled together; and The user end slave station equipment (6), matches with the local end master station equipment, is arranged on each outlet port of the power line network (3) of the residential area, is inserted into a wall socket, and the USB interface of the user end slave station equipment is connected to the user end data communication equipment, and perform data communication between the user end data communication equipment (7) and the external network (4) via the cell power line network (3) and the cell access network (2). 2. The system for realizing data communication based on the residential power line network as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The coupling between the central office master station equipment (5) and the cell power line network (3) includes direct coupling, wherein the data communication signal is directly coupled to the The power line of the master station equipment at the central office, and couple the power line to the power line network (3) of the residential area, thereby realizing that the data communication signal is directly coupled to the power line of the residential area at the main station equipment at the central office online. 3. The system for realizing data communication based on the residential power line network as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The coupling between the central office master station equipment (5) and the cell power line network (3) includes a high-frequency signal line (1) coupling, so that data can be transferred to the central office main station equipment via the high-frequency signal line The communication signal is coupled to the residential power line network (3), and it is ensured that all user-end slave station devices (6) corresponding to a central office master station device (5) are coupled with the high-frequency signal line in the same manner , so that the signal flow direction in the high-frequency signal line is the same for each of the user-end slave station devices. 4. The system for realizing data communication based on the residential power line network as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The high-frequency signal line (1) is signal-coupled to the outgoing line of the electric meter (9) corresponding to the user-end slave station equipment in the residential power line network (3), wherein the high-frequency signal line will be connected to each The ammeters (9) of all user-end slave station equipment (6) corresponding to the said central office master station equipment are respectively connected in series through the outgoing lines of each ammeter. 5. The system for realizing data communication based on the residential power line network as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The direction of the high-frequency signal line is along the direction of the outlet current of each ammeter (9). After the coupling of the most terminal ammeter is completed, the two terminals of the high-frequency signal line are connected together, so that the The high-frequency signal line forms a loop. 6. The system for realizing data communication based on the residential power line network according to any one of claims 3-5, characterized in that: The means for coupling the high frequency signal line to the cell power line network are capacitive or inductive coupling means. 7. The system for realizing data communication based on the residential power line network as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The inductive coupling device is a magnetic ring selected from the following group according to the wire diameter of the power line in the power line network of the residential area: ZCAT3035-1330ZCAT2132-1130ZCAT2032-0930, on the zero line outlet end and the live wire outlet end of each ammeter A magnetic ring is set, and the high-frequency signal line is passed through the magnetic ring, and the length of the high-frequency signal line is less than 200 meters. 8. The system for realizing data communication based on the residential power line network according to any one of claims 3-5, characterized in that: The high-frequency signal wire is a 4-core unshielded twisted-pair wire conforming to the GB/T 50312-2000 standard. 9. The system for realizing data communication based on the residential power line network according to claim 1, characterized in that, the data transmission rate of the master station equipment (5) at the central office is 14 Mbps. 10. The system for realizing data communication based on the residential power line network as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The system also includes a channel optimization device arranged between other electronic devices except the data communication equipment (7) in the user end and the outlet port of the corresponding user end slave station equipment (6), thereby ensuring that the data Reliable communication between the communication device and the client slave device. 11. The system for realizing data communication based on the residential power line network as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The central office master station equipment (5) is coupled to the cell access network (2) through a network switch (20), and the switch is configured with a port-based virtual local area network (VLAN) to support port isolation. 12. The system for realizing data communication based on the residential power line network as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The residential area is an ordinary residential building, and the number of central office master station equipment set in the community is determined according to the number of users on each floor and the capability of the user end slave station equipment carried by the central office master station equipment. 13. The system for realizing data communication based on the residential power line network as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The residential area is a commercial office building, and the central office master station equipment is coupled to the residential power line network (3) at the power distribution cabinets on each floor. 14. The system for realizing data communication based on the residential power line network as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The cell is a small hotel, and the master station equipment at the central office is coupled to the cell power line network (3) at the general power distribution cabinet. 15. The system for realizing data communication based on the residential power line network as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The residential area is a large hotel, and the central office main station equipment is respectively installed on each floor, and each central office main station equipment is coupled to a network switch supporting a port-based virtual local area network VLAN through an Ethernet Category 5 twisted pair. 16. A method for realizing data communication in a system based on a community power line network, the system comprising a community access network (2) and a community power line network (3), the method comprising the steps of: coupling the cell access network (2) and the cell power line network (3); coupling the cell access network (2) with an external network (4); It is characterized in that it also includes the following steps: At least one central office master station device is set at the entrance of the residential power line network (3), coupled together with the external network (4) through the residential access network (2), and an Ethernet cable is inserted into the central office main station The RJ-45 Ethernet port of the equipment, the high-frequency signal line laid in advance is inserted into the high-frequency signal RJ-11 interface of the central office master station equipment, and the Ethernet signal is converted into a power line high-frequency communication signal, and the high-frequency coupling device connects the The high frequency communication signal is injected into the power line; At least one user-side slave station device (6) matched with the central office master station device is arranged at each outlet port of the residential power line network (3), inserted into a wall socket, and the USB interface of the user-side slave station device The user end data communication device is connected, and the user end data communication device (7) performs data communication with the external network (4) via the cell power line network (3) and the cell access network (2). 17. The method for implementing data communication in a system based on a residential power line network as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that: The central office main station equipment (5) is coupled with the cell power line network (3) through a direct coupling method, wherein the data communication signal is directly coupled through the signal coupling part inside the central office main station equipment (5) to the power line of the master station equipment at the central office, and couple the power line to the power line network (3) of the cell, thereby realizing that the data communication signal is directly coupled to the cell at the master station device at the central office on the powerline network. 18. The method for implementing data communication in a system based on a residential power line network as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that: The data communication signal is coupled to the power line network of the cell through the high-frequency signal line at the master station equipment at the office end, so that the data communication signal is coupled to the power line network of the cell at the master station device at the office end, and it is ensured that it is connected with an office All user-side slave station devices (6) corresponding to the end-master station equipment (5) are coupled with the high-frequency signal line in the same manner, so that the signal flow in the high-frequency signal line is for each user-side slave station Station equipment is the same. 19. The method for implementing data communication in a system based on a residential power line network as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that: Coupling the high-frequency signal line to the outgoing line of the electric meter (9) corresponding to each user end slave station equipment in the power line network of the residential area, wherein the high-frequency signal line will be connected with each office The ammeters (9) of all user-end slave station equipment (6) corresponding to the terminal master station equipment are respectively connected in series through the outgoing lines of the respective ammeters. 20. The method for realizing data communication in a system based on a residential power line network as claimed in claim 19, characterized in that: Make the high-frequency signal line route along the direction of the outgoing current of each ammeter, and connect the two terminals of the high-frequency signal line together after completing the coupling to the most terminal ammeter (9), so that the high-frequency signal line The frequency signal line forms a loop. 21. The method for realizing data communication in a system based on a residential power line network according to any one of claims 18-20, characterized in that: The high frequency signal is coupled to the cell power line network through capacitive or inductive coupling means. 22. The method for implementing data communication in a system based on a residential power line network as claimed in claim 21, characterized in that: The inductive coupling device is a magnetic ring selected from the following group according to the wire diameter of the power line in the power line network of the residential area: ZCAT3035-1330ZCAT2132-1130ZCAT2032-0930, on the zero line outlet end and the live wire outlet end of each ammeter A magnetic ring is set, and the high-frequency signal line is passed through the magnetic ring, and the length of the high-frequency signal line is less than 200 meters. 23. The method for implementing data communication in a system based on a residential power line network as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that: A channel optimization device is arranged between other electronic equipments except the data communication equipment (7) in each user end and the exit end of the corresponding user end slave station equipment (6), thereby ensuring that the data communication equipment and all Reliable communication between client and slave devices. 24. The method for implementing data communication in a system based on a residential power line network as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that: The master station equipment at the central office is coupled to the cell access network through a network switch (20), and the switch is configured with a port-based virtual local area network (VLAN) to support port isolation.

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