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CN1553528A - Method for preparing low-temperature semi-solid phase of lithium ion battery positive material - Google Patents

Method for preparing low-temperature semi-solid phase of lithium ion battery positive material Download PDF

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CN1553528A
CN1553528A CNA031343775A CN03134377A CN1553528A CN 1553528 A CN1553528 A CN 1553528A CN A031343775 A CNA031343775 A CN A031343775A CN 03134377 A CN03134377 A CN 03134377A CN 1553528 A CN1553528 A CN 1553528A
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lithium
solid phase
low temperature
ion battery
raw material
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CN1274038C (en
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园 周
周园
贾永忠
马培华
韩金铎
景燕
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Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes Research of CAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
    • C01G45/12—Complex oxides containing manganese and at least one other metal element
    • C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with trivalent manganese, tetravalent manganese or mixtures thereof
    • C01G45/1242—Manganates or manganites with trivalent manganese, tetravalent manganese or mixtures thereof of the type (Mn2O4)-, e.g. LiMn2O4 or Li(MxMn2-x)O4
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
    • C01G51/40—Complex oxides containing cobalt and at least one other metal element
    • C01G51/42—Complex oxides containing cobalt and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2
    • C01G51/44—Complex oxides containing cobalt and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese
    • C01G51/54—Complex oxides containing cobalt and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese of the type (Mn2O4)-, e.g. Li(CoxMn2-x)O4 or Li(MyCoxMn2-x-y)O4
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
    • C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
    • C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
    • C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
    • C01G53/54—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (Mn2O4)-, e.g. Li(NixMn2-x)O4 or Li(MyNixMn2-x-y)O4
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
    • C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
    • C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
    • C01P2002/54—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants one element only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
    • C01P2002/88—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by thermal analysis data, e.g. TGA, DTA, DSC
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/40—Electric properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
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    • H01M2004/023—Gel electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The method includes steps: according to proportion, mixing material of manganese source, material of doped elements and material of lithium source; carrying out preliminary treatments for the said materials; after wet mixing, synthesizing material of positive pole under 350 deg.C - 500 deg.C low temperature; carrying out crystallizing qualified treatment in 700 deg.C -900 deg.C high temperature for short time so as to obtain material of positive pole of lithium ion battery in pure phase and high crystal quality. Reserving strongpoint of solid phase method, accepting merit of liquid phase and overcoming shortcoming of pure solid phase method, the invention possesses features of cheap materials, fine electrochemical performances, simple equipment, non toxic matter produced.

Description

The low temperature semi-solid phase preparation method of anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of spinelle LiM XMn 2-XO 4Novel preparation synthetic method---the low temperature semi-solid phase method of (M=Co, Ni, Cr, x=0～0.3) anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Background technology
Owing to have the voltage height, the energy density height, power output is big, but fast charging and discharging, cycle performance is superior, long service life, the charge efficiency height, operating temperature range is wide, self discharge is little, no memory effect of cell, advantages such as non-environmental-pollution, lithium rechargeable battery b referred to as the green energy resource battery of 21st century again, can be widely used in mobile phone, notebook computer, on the electrical equipment such as Video Camera, its particular performances is particularly suitable for the miniaturization of electronic product, the requirement of energetic development, it can also be used for military affairs, leading-edge fields such as space flight, so these factors have been quickened its development.Advanced battery must be based on advanced person's material, electrode material is one of lithium rechargeable battery key issue that need solve, negative material mainly adopts the material with carbon element of inserting lithium in the world at present, and the research of positive electrode concentrates on the transition metal oxide LiCoO that inserts lithium 2, LiNiO 2, LiMn 2O 4And modified compound aspect.Commercial anode material for lithium-ion batteries mainly is LiCoO 2But because the cobalt resource reserves are limited in the world, cost an arm and a leg, and environment is had pollution, therefore, the substitute products of seeking cobalt acid lithium have become inevitable.LiNiO 2Though specific capacity height, low price are stablized the LiNiO of the better electro-chemical activity of prepared in batches 2Very difficult.By contrast, LiMn 2O 4Advantage be: (1) manganese aboundresources, especially China's manganese resource reserve occupies first of the countries in the world; (2) low price, nontoxic, pollute little; (3) owing to be extensive use of in primary cell, battery industry is easy to accept; (4) recycling problem solved already substantially; (5) use LiMn 2O 4Material is as the lithium ion battery operating voltage height of positive pole assembling, and fail safe is good, and is with low cost.But LiMn 2O 4Also there are some shortcomings in electrode, as: disproportionated reaction, take place in dissolving gradually in electrolyte; In the deep discharge process, the Jahn-Teller distortion takes place; During the high voltage impulse electricity, the poor stability of electrolyte makes cycle life reduction etc.Therefore, to LiMn 2O 4Preparation method's improvement and character perfect is the only way which must be passed of realizing its final industrialization and practical application.Its preparation synthetic method has conventional solid-state method, firing method, molten (melting) liquid infusion process, coprecipitation, sol-gel process, emulsion-seasoning, template, hydro thermal method etc.
Solid phase method is adopted in the preparation of anode material for lithium-ion batteries the earliest, and this method is the mass transfer diffusion through between solid phase, to generate new compound.Its process is roughly: improved grinding, mixing, sintering, repeatedly grind and long-time sintering of multistage.This method need be under higher temperature and long period abundant haptoreaction, just may generate purity height, material that crystal formation is good.Therefore, solid phase method has mixing inhomogeneous, reaction heterogeneity, shortcomings such as batch quantity properties of product instability.But solid phase method is compared additive method, and it is simple to have technology, and production cost is low, and equipment investment is little, is the first-selected production method of industrialization, so remain the emphasis of producing and studying.
We sum up a kind of novel low temperature semi-solid phase method of having invented with regard to the synthesis preparation method of anode material for lithium-ion batteries.This method has kept the advantage of solid phase method substantially, and handles in earlier stage by some, has obtained the advantage of some liquid phase methods, has overcome the shortcoming of pure solid phase method; Thereby it to have technology simple, raw material cheaply is easy to get, mixing of materials is even, product is a pure phase, crystalline quality is good, and chemical property is good, low cost of manufacture, and equipment is simple, building-up process does not have the poisonous and harmful deposits yields, meets the environmental protection notion, is easy to realize characteristics such as industrialization production.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the shortcoming of pure solid phase method and provide a kind of both kept the low temperature semi-solid phase method that solid phase method has the advantage of liquid phase method and prepare lithium ion battery spinelle positive electrode, this preparation method's technology is simple, raw material cheaply is easy to get, mixing of materials is even, product is a pure phase, its crystalline quality is good, chemical property is good, low cost of manufacture.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of low temperature semi-solid phase preparation method of lithium ion battery spinelle positive electrode, this method comprises the steps:
(1) be 1 in molar ratio with lithium source raw material, doped chemical M raw material, manganese source raw material: x: (2-x) in advance ball milling mixes, x=0～0.3 wherein, and doped chemical M is selected from a kind of among Co, Ni, Cr, Fe, Al, Zn, the Cu;
(2) in the mixture of above-mentioned steps (1), add the oxidant weak solution;
(3) step (2) gained wet stock is made it fully to mix by kneading;
(4) material after the wet-mixed is controled environment under 50～120 ℃ humidity drying;
(5) dried material is ground the back in 350～500 ℃ of low temperature preparation in synthetic 4～20 hours LiM XMn 2-XO 4Material;
(6) material that step (5) is synthetic in 700～900 ℃ of high temperature crystallizations got final product in 2～10 hours LiM XMn 2-XO 4Anode material for lithium-ion batteries, wherein x=0～0.3.
Described lithium source raw material is selected from least a in lithium nitrate, lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium acetate and the lithium citrate.
Described manganese source raw material is at least a in nitrate, carbonate, acetate and the hydroxide of manganese and the oxide.
At least a in nitrate, carbonate, acetate, oxalates and the oxide that described doped chemical M raw material is Co, Ni, Cr, Fe, Al, Zn, Cu.
Oxidizing agent solution is the H of 10～20% mass concentrations in the described step (2) 2O 2Solution, its consumption are 15～40% of the middle material gross mass of step (1).
This method also can be used for stratiform LiM yCo 1-yO 2With the synthetic preparation of Li-V-Oxide anode material for lithium-ion batteries, wherein M is selected from Co, Ni, Mn, y=0～1.
The present invention has following advantage compared to existing technology:
1, process using wet-mixed technology of the present invention, adopting solid-phase material to mediate with liquid phase material mixes, form the mixed material of solid-liquid coexistence, diffusion by ionic state mixes, effectively guarantee the degree that mixes of material, overcome shortcomings such as the moisture content treating capacity that the inhomogeneities of pure solid phase mixing and pure liquid phase and slurry mix is big, complex process;
2, the present invention adopts and adds oxidant--the technology of hydrogen peroxide in advance, has promoted Mn greatly 2+To the conversion of high price manganese, and do not influence product quality behind the hydroperoxidation;
3, in the technology of the present invention owing to adopt wet-mixed and pre-oxidizer, effectively reduce synthesis reaction temperature, reduce the reaction time, significantly reduce energy resource consumption;
4, the preparation technology of the present invention low temperature synthetic material of going ahead of the rest adopts high temperature crystallization technology again, make the product crystalline quality good, thereby guarantee that product is a pure phase, and than great, electrochemistry is good;
5, process equipment is simple, and raw material cheaply is easy to get, low cost of manufacture, and equipment is simple, and building-up process does not have the poisonous and harmful deposits yields, meets the environmental protection notion, is easy to realize industrialization production.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is low temperature semi-solid phase method synthetic spinel phase anode material for lithium-ion batteries LiM xMn 2-xO 4Process chart;
Fig. 2 is low temperature semi-solid phase method synthetic spinel phase Li 1.08Mn 2O 4During anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the TG-DTG curve of 60 ℃ of oven dry predecessors;
Can obtain reaction mechanism and the technological principle that this kind new type lithium ion battery positive electrode prepares synthetic method by Fig. 2, owing to adopted earlier stage treatment process such as wet-mixed, make synthetic reaction take place relatively easily, realized that low temperature is synthetic, pass through high temperature crystallization technology again, material crystallization regularity is improved greatly, thereby properties of product are got a promotion.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: low temperature semi-solid phase method is synthesized pure spinelle phase Li 1.08Mn 2O 4
Place the planetary ball mill ground and mixed even 0.108mol (4.53g) Lithium hydroxide monohydrate and 0.200mol (22.99g) manganese carbonate, slowly drip 8ml concentration then and be 5% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, above-mentioned wet stock is fully mediated, after wet-mixed is even, put into 60 ℃ of vacuum drying ovens that the bottom fills water, it is slowly dry to regulate vacuum degree control humidity, the oven dry material synthesized 10 hours in 480 ℃ of low temperature, 780 ℃ of high temperature crystallizations 5 hours, the gained black powder was anode material for lithium-ion batteries Li then 1.08Mn 2O 4
Embodiment two: low temperature semi-solid phase method synthetic spinel phase LiCo 0.1Mn 1.9O 4
Place the planetary ball mill ground and mixed even 0.1mol (4.19g) Lithium hydroxide monohydrate, 0.01mol cobalt acetate (1.77g) and 0.19mol manganese carbonate (21.84g), slowly be added dropwise to 6ml concentration then and be 5% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, above-mentioned wet stock is fully mediated, after wet-mixed is even, put into 60 ℃ of vacuum drying ovens that the bottom fills water, it is slowly dry to regulate vacuum degree control humidity, the oven dry material synthesized 12 hours in 520 ℃ of low temperature, 800 ℃ of high temperature crystallizations 4 hours, the gained black powder was anode material for lithium-ion batteries LiCo then 0.1Mn 1.9O 4

Claims (6)

1, a kind of low temperature semi-solid phase preparation method of anode material for lithium-ion batteries is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:
(1) be 1 in molar ratio with lithium source raw material, doped chemical M raw material, manganese source raw material: x: (2-x) ball milling mixes in advance, wherein x=0～0.3; Wherein doped chemical M is selected from a kind of among Co, Ni, Cr, Fe, Al, Zn, the Cu;
(2) in the mixture of step (1), add oxidizing agent solution;
(3) step (2) gained wet stock is made it fully to mix by kneading;
(4) be 50～120 ℃ of dryings down with the material after the wet-mixed in temperature;
(5) dried material is ground the back in 350～500 ℃ of low temperature preparation in synthetic 4～20 hours LiM XMn 2-XO 4Material;
(6) material that step (5) is synthetic in 700～900 ℃ of high temperature crystallizations got final product in 2～10 hours LiM XMn 2-XO 4Anode material for lithium-ion batteries, wherein x=0～0.3.
2, the low temperature semi-solid phase preparation method of lithium ion battery spinelle positive electrode as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described lithium source raw material is selected from least a in lithium nitrate, lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium acetate and the lithium citrate.
3, the low temperature semi-solid phase preparation method of lithium ion battery spinelle positive electrode as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described manganese source raw material is at least a in nitrate, carbonate, acetate and the hydroxide of manganese and the oxide.
4, the low temperature semi-solid phase preparation method of lithium ion battery spinelle positive electrode as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described doped chemical M raw material is at least a in the nitrate of Co, Ni, Cr, Fe, Al, Zn, Cu, carbonate, acetate, oxalates and the oxide.
5, the low temperature semi-solid phase preparation method of lithium ion battery spinelle positive electrode as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that oxidizing agent solution is the H of 10～20% mass concentrations in the described step (2) 2O 2Solution, its consumption are 15～40% of the middle material gross mass of step (1).
6, the low temperature semi-solid phase preparation method of lithium ion battery spinelle positive electrode as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that this method also can be used for stratiform LiM yCo 1-yO 2With the synthetic preparation of Li-V-Oxide anode material for lithium-ion batteries, wherein M is selected from Co, Ni, Mn, y=0～1.
CNB031343775A 2003-06-07 2003-06-07 Method for preparing low-temperature semi-solid phase of lithium ion battery positive material Expired - Fee Related CN1274038C (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102208643A (en) * 2011-04-28 2011-10-05 河间市金鑫新能源有限公司 Multi-element doped modified anode material for lithium ion power battery and preparation method thereof
CN102509799A (en) * 2011-11-02 2012-06-20 江苏力泰锂能科技有限公司 Anode material with lithium ferrous phosphate being embedded in stereoscopic reticular electric conductor and preparation method thereof
CN103311530A (en) * 2012-03-13 2013-09-18 三星康宁精密素材株式会社 Positive active material, method of preparing the same, and lithium secondary battery using the same
CN110676450A (en) * 2019-10-16 2020-01-10 南昌工程学院 Secondary battery anode material and battery thereof
CN115925408A (en) * 2022-11-18 2023-04-07 上海御光新材料科技股份有限公司 Transparent scintillating ceramic material and preparation method and application thereof
CN115991601A (en) * 2022-11-18 2023-04-21 上海御光新材料科技股份有限公司 Preparation method of complex-phase transparent scintillating ceramic

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CN102709568A (en) * 2012-06-25 2012-10-03 天津工业大学 A kind of preparation method of LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 of nickel-cobalt manganese oxide lithium lithium ion battery cathode material
CN102723495A (en) * 2012-07-09 2012-10-10 华南师范大学 High-voltage lithium ion battery cathode material of copper-doped lithium manganate and preparation method thereof

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102208643A (en) * 2011-04-28 2011-10-05 河间市金鑫新能源有限公司 Multi-element doped modified anode material for lithium ion power battery and preparation method thereof
CN102509799A (en) * 2011-11-02 2012-06-20 江苏力泰锂能科技有限公司 Anode material with lithium ferrous phosphate being embedded in stereoscopic reticular electric conductor and preparation method thereof
CN103311530A (en) * 2012-03-13 2013-09-18 三星康宁精密素材株式会社 Positive active material, method of preparing the same, and lithium secondary battery using the same
CN110676450A (en) * 2019-10-16 2020-01-10 南昌工程学院 Secondary battery anode material and battery thereof
CN115925408A (en) * 2022-11-18 2023-04-07 上海御光新材料科技股份有限公司 Transparent scintillating ceramic material and preparation method and application thereof
CN115991601A (en) * 2022-11-18 2023-04-21 上海御光新材料科技股份有限公司 Preparation method of complex-phase transparent scintillating ceramic
CN115991601B (en) * 2022-11-18 2024-04-12 上海御光新材料科技股份有限公司 Preparation method of complex-phase transparent scintillating ceramic
CN115925408B (en) * 2022-11-18 2024-04-12 上海御光新材料科技股份有限公司 Transparent scintillating ceramic material and preparation method and application thereof

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