CN1533325A - 连续生产弹性体合成物的方法和设备 - Google Patents
连续生产弹性体合成物的方法和设备 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1533325A CN1533325A CNA028146484A CN02814648A CN1533325A CN 1533325 A CN1533325 A CN 1533325A CN A028146484 A CNA028146484 A CN A028146484A CN 02814648 A CN02814648 A CN 02814648A CN 1533325 A CN1533325 A CN 1533325A
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- rubber
- cement
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- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
用于通过至少一个挤压机连续制造弹性体合成物的方法和设备,其中次要成分以细分产品的形式使用,所述产品包括至少一种在热塑性接合剂中分散的次要成分。这样的产品通过一个气动运输线被运送到计量装置,并且因此能够精确地被计量并连续地进给到所述挤压机中。所述热塑性接合剂能保证细分产品自由流动的特性以及高维规则性和稳定性,即使在强压缩和/或摩擦压力下,像那些发生在气动传输线上的情况。
Description
本发明涉及一种连续生产弹性体合成物的方法和设备。更特别的,本发明涉及一种依靠至少一个挤压机来连续生产弹性体合成物的方法和设备,所产生的弹性成分是主要的,但不是排他性的,目的是用于轮胎的制造。
传统地,弹性体合成物(在下面也指代“橡胶混合物”)的制造是通过内部搅拌器来分批实现的,通常班拍里混炼机具有两个反向旋转的回转轴,回转轴施加一个强烈的混合运动来素炼橡胶成分,并且在其中混合而且彻底地分散其它成分,这些成分包括填料、润滑剂、固化剂以及辅助物质。
使用内部搅拌器的混合方法表现出很多缺点,尤其是糟糕的热消散并且因此缺乏对温度的控制,这主要是由于材料体积与搅拌器表面面积之间存在不利的比率。为了改善橡胶基的分散状况,不同的成分,尤其是填料,被成批分配地混合进橡胶基,混合操作被冷却和储存步骤分离成多个操作。温度敏感成分,像交联剂和催化剂,只是在将橡胶混合物的温度冷却到预定温度以下(通常是110℃以下)以后的最后的混合步骤过程中才被加入,从而避免焦化。
因此,在内部搅拌器中的混合方法,尽管在橡胶工业中仍然保持是使用最广泛的混合方法,但它却是费时又费力的,并且不能保证对所产生的弹性体合成物的特性进行有效控制,尤其是关于将填料的一致性扩散进橡胶基中。个别成分添加数量的改变、从搅拌器加入和排出的时间选择、原材料最初的温度、以及在混合过程中材料内部剪切力的波动,所有这些都导致各批次产品的不同。
为了克服断续生产方法的限制,橡胶工业已经在同通常使用的热塑性聚合体材料工艺相类似的挤压技术的基础上做过很多尝试,来建立连续混合过程。通过挤压机实现的连续混合方法应该能改善橡胶混合物特性中的一致性,由改善的表面对体积的比率导致更好的热量管理,并且得到高度自动化操作有可能的发展。对这个主题的一个总的看法请参见H.Ellwood的文章《一个连续发展的故事》,发表于《欧洲橡胶杂志》,1987年3月号,第26-28页。
美国专利第4897236号公开了用于连续生产橡胶混合物的一种方法和设备,其中混合物的成分在一个双螺旋桨的挤压机中被进给、素炼和均质化。所产生的混合物被分成第一和第二部分。第一部分被排出,而第二部分被再循环,以进一步均质化以及同进给到挤压机里的新一批成分进行混合。被再循环的部分循环到冷却的环形室表面,并且从那里返回到挤压机室,所述环形室具有流出物和流入物通道与挤压机内部相通。橡胶混合物的部分循环应当补偿成分测量中的波动以及可能发生的局部不均质。此外,在环形室中的再循环部分的强力冷却应当纠正上升的处理温度,并且能改善分散作用,因为温度降低的结果就是剪切力增加。
美国专利第5302635号公开了用于连续生产橡胶合成物的一种方法和设备。在第一步骤中,生胶被连续地进给到一个双螺旋桨的挤压机中,加入无反应的添加剂(油和填料)并且产生的混合物被挤压机的螺旋桨来素炼和均质化。在第一步过程中,混合物的温度保持在100℃到160℃之间。然后,在第二步骤中,产生的混合物被冷却到100℃到120℃之间,并且反应的添加剂(尤其是硫磺和硫化促进剂)被进给并融入橡胶混合物中。均质后的最后橡胶合成物然后经由挤压机的排出口离开挤压机。
所述过程可以根据不同的挤压机结构来实现。例如,两个混合步骤可以在单独一个双螺旋桨挤压机中实现,此挤压机具有两个在不同温度下进行操作的独特的混合区。作为选择,第一步骤可以在操作于100℃到160℃温度下的第一双螺旋桨挤压机中实现;所产生的基合成物然后直接进给到操作于100℃到120℃温度下的第二双螺旋桨挤压机中。根据另一个实施例,所述过程可以在单独一个挤压机中实现,该挤压机具有两个在相对的挤压机架中被驱动的螺旋桨组,两个螺旋桨组在不同温度下操作。
美国专利第5158725号公开了用于连续生产合成橡胶的一种方法,该方法包括:将弹性体进给到一个双螺旋桨挤压机中;将至少一种填料,油和/或其它弹性体进给到挤压机中;将成分混合以提供均质的混合物,该均质混合物在混合过程中在100℃下保持门尼粘度ML(1+4)在20到250之间;从挤压机中排出得到的混合物。精确的体积或重量损失给料器被用来将弹性体和其它成分计量到挤压机中。在离开挤压机后,混合的橡胶可以通过一个冲模被轮压成薄片、条带或绳,或者被制成丸。所述连续的方法比现有技术中所普遍使用的多步骤分批次的方法要便宜,而且节省人力和物料的输送。而且,将会导致所得的合成橡胶具有改善的分散性和均质性。
美国专利第5262111号公开了用于在一个双螺旋桨挤压机中连续生产橡胶合成物的一种方法。橡胶连同加工助剂被进给到挤压机中,并且素炼到120℃到180℃之间。随后,碳黑的第一部分,优选整个碳黑数量的40-80%,被进给到加热的压出物中。然后,在剩余的第二部分碳黑被进给并在120℃到180℃之间被融入到压出物中之前,增塑油被加入到压出物中。所有的成分然后被冷却到100℃到120℃之间,交联剂被加入,并且合成物被均质化和挤压。所述方法将改善碳黑在压出物中的分散性而减少特殊能量的需要。
美国专利第5626420号公开了一种连续混合的方法和设备,其中基橡胶和其它成分被连续地配剂并引入到一个混合室中,该混合室由一个定子和一个旋转于其中的转子构成,优选地具有一个单螺旋桨挤压机。混合室内引入的成分沿着推进和混合区域前进。为了改善橡胶成分的分散性和均质性,在混合室至少一定的混合区域内的填充率要低于1。为了适当地将成分,尤其是橡胶基,引入到混合室中,使用了强制进给装置,像体积泵(比如齿轮泵)。为了获得不同成分的精确剂量,可以在两个具有低于1的填充率的混合区域之间所设置的填充率等于1的混合区域中添加成分。
美国专利第5374387号描述了一种用双螺旋桨挤压机连续生产合成橡胶的方法,包括以连续步骤。一种弹性体材料在挤压机的第一混合区被加入、剪切并加热到第一操作温度(典型的温度是从130℃到220℃),而同时减少粘性。然后,弹性体材料经过第二混合区,在这里加入了增强填充剂和加工助剂的至少第一部分,而同时将橡胶混合物冷却到第二操作温度(典型的温度是从110℃到160℃)。所得的混合物然后经过任意的第三混合区,在这里,小的化学成分,像附着力促进剂、抗臭氧剂、颜色添加剂、阻火剂以及类似物,被引入到橡胶混合物中。优选地,在所述第三混合区中,增强填充剂和加工助剂的第二部分被加入,这样就达到了第三操作温度(典型的温度是从85℃到130℃)。然后,在第四混合区,橡胶混合物在第四操作温度(典型的温度是从115℃到150℃)补充了硫化剂。混合物流然后直接通过传输区(第五区),在其中混合物流通过一些种类的冲模槽或类似物被压成期望的形状。合成橡胶的不同成分被连续且分别地计量进入挤压机,这些成分优选地是以颗粒和/或液体形式通过失重进料器完成进给。
美国专利第5711904号公开了连续混合用硅强化的弹性体合成物的一种方法。在一个双螺旋桨挤压机中进给弹性材料,然后进给硅和其它配合材料,包括硅伴侣。沿着挤压机的温度和压力被控制得能够让硅伴侣同硅和弹性材料发生反应。然后固化剂和加速剂被添加,而保持混合物在100℃下的门尼粘度ML(1+4)在20到250之间。混合作用继续足够的一段时间以将固化剂和加速剂彻底混合。所得到的弹性体合成物然后受力通过安装在挤压机出口的合适的冲模。所有过程可以用单独一个挤压机或者一连串挤压机来实现。优选地,在第一双螺旋桨挤压机里停留的时间增加,然后合成物被冷却、研磨并倾倒在第二双螺旋桨挤压机里,在那里橡胶混合体与固化剂以及其它成分一同完成混合。不同的挤压机可以分离成独立的实体或者彼此结合以形成一个连续的过程。挤压机可以紧密地结合在一个十字头挤压机座架中,或者可以更松一点连接,例如通过将材料从一个单元运送到另一个单元的花彩或带子来连接。
在申请人看来,通过连续过程制造弹性体合成物的最关键的方面是附加到橡胶基中的所谓的“次要成分”,这些成分不同于橡胶、增强填料以及增塑剂(例如硫化剂、硫化促进剂、延缓剂、硬化树脂等),添加它们是为了改变和/或改善弹性体合成物的特性。次要成分数量众多(通常在一个橡胶混合物中至少有5-15种)并且用量很少(通常占橡胶混合物总重量的不超过5%)。加入的次要成分的种类和数量根据要制造的弹性体合成物而改变。
通常,在断续合成过程中,次要成分是脱机管理的。它们作为原材料被称量,装进由低熔点材料制成的材料袋,密封并自动贴上条形码以及数字日期标签。然后贴标签的袋子根据预定程序被手动引入搅拌器漏斗,预定的程序是建立在要生产的橡胶混合物的处方而定的。一个轮胎制造厂典型地必须管理大约30-40种不同的次要成分。
上述次要成分的脱机管理在连续合成过程中全部难以实施,在连续合成过程中所有的成分都必须连续且自动地计量并进给到挤压机中。剂量将会非常准确而且进给将会流畅进行,因为即使是在加入的次要成分数量上很小的一点波动也会造成最终的橡胶混合物特性的显著改变。
而且,作为未加工、充分纯净产品的次要成分的添加表现出很多缺点。首先,原料通常是粉末或液体的形式,这种形式在橡胶基中很难分散并且因此需要很长的混合时间。此外,在产业规模上对一件浓缩制品的很小数量进行精确而连续的测量是很难的,尤其是当产品很难流动时,例如在表现了静电荷积聚的低溶解合成物或低溶解材料的情况下。最后,原料可能发出蒸汽和/或粉末,这会引起令人讨厌的气味和安全问题,尤其是当原料是有害的或有毒的物质的情况下。
申请人现在发现一种用于连续制造弹性体合成物的方法,该方法通过使用以细分产品形式出现的次要成分从而可以在至少一个挤压机里实现,所述产品包括分散在热塑性接合剂里的次要成分的至少一种。这样的产品通过气动传输线运送到一个定量装置,并且因此能够精确地测量并连续进给到所述挤压机中。所述热塑性接合剂保证了细分产品自由流动的特性以及高维规则性和稳定性,即使在强压缩和/或摩擦压力下,像那些发生在气动传输线上的情况。因此,所述细分产品适合于气动运输和精确剂量,基本上没有精炼的粉末形式及颗粒的形状和/或尺寸的不希望的改变。而且,所述热塑性接合剂在被引入挤压机的时候很容易熔化,因此起到了加工助剂的作用,并且显著地促进所述次要成分分散进所述橡胶基,而没有造成最后的弹性体合成物特性的任何显著变化。
因此,本发明的第一个方面涉及一种用于连续制造弹性体合成物的方法,包括步骤:
-提供至少一个包括一机架的挤压机,旋转安装于所述机架上的至少一个螺旋桨,所述机架包括至少一个进给口和一个排出口;
-将至少一种弹性体和至少一种填料计量并进给到所述至少一个挤压机中;
-将不同于弹性体和填料的次要成分计量并进给到所述至少一个挤压机中;
-通过所述至少一个挤压机将所述至少一种填料和次要成分混合并分散进所述至少一种弹性体中;
-挤压所得到的弹性体合成物穿过所述排除口。
其中,至少一种所述次要成分在被计量并传送进所述挤压机之前通过气动传输线以细分产品的形式被传送,所述产品包括在至少一种热塑性接合剂中分散的至少一种次要成分。
根据一个优选方面,至少一种增塑剂被进一步计量并进给到所述挤压机中。
根据一个优选方面,所述细分产品通过一个定量给料器被计量并进给。
根据另一个优选方面,相对于所述产品的总重量,所述细分产品包含所述至少一种次要成分重量的从40%到98%,更优选的是从50%到95%,甚至更优选的是从70%到85%。
根据另一个优选方面,所述细分产品具有一个不低于45的肖氏A硬度以及一个不高于65的肖氏D硬度。更优选的是。所述细分产品具有从20到60的肖氏硬度D。肖氏A硬度和肖氏D硬度是根据ASTM(美国材料实验协会)标准D2240-00来测量的。
根据本发明,所述细分产品可以是适合于气动传输的任何细分自由流动形式,举例来说以颗粒、小球、珠子、珍珠状或类似形式,具有通常是从0.5mm到5mm的平均尺寸,优选的是从1mm到3mm。
根据进一步的方面,本发明涉及一种用于连续制造弹性体合成物的设备,包括:
-至少一个包括一机架的挤压机,旋转安装于所述机架上的至少一个螺旋桨,所述机架包括至少一个进给口和一个排出口;
-至少一个第一计量装置,用于将至少一种弹性体和至少一种填料通过至少一个所述进给口计量并进给到所述至少一个挤压机中;
-至少一个第二计量装置,用于将不同于弹性体和填料的次要成分计量并进给到所述至少一个挤压机中,至少一种所述次要成分是细分产品的形式,包括在至少一种热塑性接合剂中分散的所述至少一种次要成分;
-至少一个气动传输线,用来将细分产品形式的所述至少一种次要成分从存储箱输送到所述所述至少一个第二计量装置。
根据本发明的能够以细分产品的形式被计量并进给的次要成分可以选择,例如,从以下中选择:
(a1)交联剂,像:
硫(通常以可溶晶体的形式,或者以不可溶聚合物的形式,任选地,分散在油相中);硫磺供体(例如烷基秋兰姆二硫化物);有机过氧化物;
(a2)交联加速剂,像:
噻唑、亚磺酰胺、胍、秋兰姆、二硫代氨基甲酸盐、胺、黄原酸盐;
(a3)合成树脂,像:α(alpha)甲基苯乙烯树脂,氧(杂)茚树脂;
(a4)交联催化剂,像:锌化合物(例如ZnO、ZnCO3、脂肪酸锌盐);
(a5)交联延缓剂,像:羧酸、苯邻二甲酰亚胺衍生物、二苯胺衍生物;
(a6)粘合促进剂,像:环六亚甲基四胺(HMT)、resocinol;
(a7)保护剂,像:芳族二胺(例如N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N’-p-苯二胺(6PPD))、二氢喹啉衍生物、咪唑衍生物;
(a8)联结剂,像:硅石联结剂,尤其是含硫的可水解硅烷(例如3,3’-双(三乙氧基-甲硅烷基丙基)四硫化物(TESPT));
(a9)缩合催化剂,像:金属羧酸盐(例如dibutyltindilaurate二丁基二月桂酸锡(DBTL))。
上面所列举的仅仅阐释了用在橡胶混合物中的最常见的次要成分的一些例子,尤其是用在用于轮胎制造的橡胶混合物中,并且不应该意味着是对本发明范围的限制。
根据一个优选方面,在本发明的方法中提供了一个第一挤压机和一个第二挤压机,其中通过所述第一挤压机生产出没有温度敏感性次要成分的中间橡胶混合物,并且通过所述第二挤压机生产出包括所述温度敏感性次要成分的完成的橡胶混合物。
根据一个优选地方面,所述热塑性接合剂具有不低于40℃的熔化温度(Tm),优选的是从50℃到120℃。所述熔化温度可以根据已知技术来测定,比如通过微分扫描量热器(DSC)。
更优选的是,所述热塑性接合剂包括一从以下选择的聚合物:
(I)乙烯均聚物或者具有至少一种脂族的或芳族的α(alpha)-烯烃并且任意具有一种多烯的乙烯共聚物;
(II)具有至少一种乙烯化不饱和酯的乙烯共聚物;
(III)通过至少一种环烷的methatesis反应得到的聚合体;或者在其中的混合物。
参考聚合体(I),α(alpha)-烯烃通常意味着分子式为CH2=CH-R的烯烃,其中R是:
一种烃基组,直线的或分支的,具有1到12个碳原子;或者
具有6到14个碳原子的一个烃基组。
优选地,所述脂肪族α(alpha)-烯烃从下面选择:丙烯、1-丁烯、异丁烯、1-戊烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯、1-十二烯、或其混合物。优选地,所述芳香族α(alpha)-烯烃从苯乙烯、α(alpha)-甲基-苯乙烯、或其混合物中选择。
优选地,作为聚合体(I)的共聚用单体而随意提出的多烯(烃)是共轭的或非共轭的二烯(烃)、三烯(烃)或四烯(烃),通常具有从4到20个碳原子。所述聚合体优选地是从下面选择:1,3-丁二烯、1,4-己二烯、1,6-八烯,1,4-环己二烯、5-亚乙基-2-降冰片烯(norbornene)、5-亚甲基-2-.降冰片烯,乙烯基.降冰片烯,或其混合物。
所述聚合体(I)通常具有以下单体成分:乙烯50%-100%的摩尔,优选的是60%-97%摩尔;脂肪族或芳香族α(alpha)-烯烃0%-50%摩尔,优选的是3%-40%摩尔;多烯0%-5%摩尔,优选的是0%-2%摩尔。
根据一个优选实施例,聚合体(I)是具有至少一种脂肪族的或芬芳族的α(alpha)-烯烃并且任意具有一种多烯的乙烯共聚物,具有低于5的分子量分布指数(MWD),优选的是从1.5到3.5。它可以通过具有一种脂肪族的或芬芳族的α(alpha)-烯烃并且任意具有一种多烯的乙烯的共聚合而获得,在单坐席催化剂面前,例如茂金属催化剂或者约束几何晶体催化剂。
合适的茂金属催化剂例如是过渡金属元素的配位络合物,通常是在IV属,尤其是具有两个茂基的钛、锆、铪,可以随意替换,用于助催化剂的结合,例如一种矾烷,优选的是甲基矾烷或者硼化物。举例来说,参见《有机金属化学》18卷,99页,(1980);《有机金属化学》32卷325页(1991);J.M.S-《大分子化学物理展示》C34(3)卷,439页,(1994);J.《有机金属化学》479卷,1-29页,(1994);Angew化学有限公司,Ed.Engl.,34卷1143页,(1995);Prog.Polym.Sci.第20卷459页(1995);Adv.Polym.Sci..第127卷144页(1997);美国专利第5229478号或者专利申请号WO93/19107,EP-35342,EP-129368,EP-277003,EP-277004,EP-632065;Macromol.Rapid.Commun.第17卷745-748页,(1996);Makromol.Chem.第191卷2378-2396页,(1990)。
合适的约束几何晶体催化剂例如是金属的配位络合物,通常是在3-10属,或者在稀土属元素中,只有一个茂基,任选地可以是取代的,用于助催化剂的结合,例如一种矾烷,优选的是甲基矾烷或者硼合物。举例来说,参见《有机金属》16卷,3649页,(1997);J.Am.Chem.Soc.,第118卷13021页,(1996);J.Am.Chem.Soc.,第118卷12451页,(1996);J.Organometallic Chemistry第482卷169页,(1994);J.Am.Chem.Soc.,第116卷4623页,(1994);Organometallics.第9卷867页,(1990);美国专利号5096867和5414040,或者专利申请号WO 92/00333,WO 97/15583,WO 01/12708,EP-416815,EP-418044,EP-420436,EP-514828;Macromol.Chem.Phys.,第197卷1071-1083页,(1996);Macromolecules.第32卷7587-7593页;专利申请WO01/112078,EP-514828,EP-416815。
上述乙烯共聚物优选的是具有以下特性:
-密度从0.86g/cm3到0.93g/cm3;
-根据美国材料实验协会(ASTM)标准D1646-00测量,在125℃下门尼粘度ML(1+4)通常不低于5,优选的是从8到40;
根据美国材料实验协会(ASTM)标准D1238-00测量,熔体流动指数(MFI)从0.1g/10’到35g/10’,优选的是从1g/10’到20g/10’;
-熔化温度(Tm)从50℃到120℃,优选的是从55℃到110℃;
-热熔焓(ΔHm)从30J/g到150J/g,优选的是从34J/g到130J/g。
上面确定的优选的乙烯共聚物的例子已经是DuPont-Dow合成橡胶公司运作的商业化产品Engage和Exxon化学公司的商业产品Exact。
参考所述聚合体(ii),优选是乙烯共聚物,其带有至少一个乙烯化不饱和酯,这些酯选自丙烯酸烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸烷基酯和羧酸乙烯酯,其中所述烷基基团,直链或支链的,可以具有1到8,优选1到4个碳原子,而羧酸酯基团,直链或支链,可以具有2到8,优选2到5个碳原子。通常,乙烯化不饱和酯占聚合物(ii)重量的5%到50%,优选占重量的15%到40%。丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯的例子有:丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、t-丙烯酸丁酯、n-丙烯酸丁酯、n-甲基丙烯酸丁酯、2-丙烯酸甲基己基酯。羧酸乙烯酯的例子有:醋酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、丁酸乙烯酯。优选地,聚合物(ii)选自:乙烯/乙烯基醋酸酯共聚物(EVA)、乙烯/丙烯酸乙酯共聚物(EEA)、乙烯/丙烯酸丁酯共聚物(EBA)。
参考所述聚合物(iii),其根据已知的在溶液中的环烯例如环戊烯、环辛烯、环十二烯的methatetis反应技术获得,此外,对于这样的聚合物的制备例如可参阅Scott,Calderon,Ofstead,Judy and Ward在Rubber Chem.and Tech.,44(1971),及在US专利第3,816,358号和第4,153,772号中的详细介绍。
优选地,所述聚合体(iii)具有以下特性:
-在由红外(IR)光谱学决定的反式构型中双键的百分比是至少60%摩尔,优选的是从75%到95%;
-根据美国材料实验协会(ASTM)标准D1646-00测量,在125℃下门尼粘度ML(1+4)是从2到20,优选的是从5到15;
-由国防与航天中心(DSC)测量的熔化温度(Tm)是从25℃到80℃,优选的是从40℃到60℃;
-根据德国工业标准53445测量的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)是从-90℃到-50℃,优选的是从-80℃到-60℃。
优选十聚体作为聚合物(iii),如由DegusSa-Hüls公司生产的商标为Vestenamer的聚合物中的一种。
根据本发明的热塑性交联剂和至少一种弹性体聚合物混合,并且所具有的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)低于20℃,优选从0℃到-90℃。至少一种弹性体聚合物的添加将改进细分产品的机械应力的抵抗力,特别是冲击力。就此细分产品中次要成分的重量而言,通常弹性体聚合物的重量为0到40%,优选为10%到20%。
弹性体聚合物通常选自:二烯烃弹性体聚合物和单烯烃弹性体聚合物。
二烯烃弹性体聚合物通常来自天然,或者可以在溶液或乳液中聚合得到,其至少有一个共轭二烯,任选地,其至少有一个重量不超过50%的单乙基芳烃。二烯烃弹性体聚合物的例子有:顺式-1,4-异戊二烯(不论天然的还是合成的,优选为天然橡胶)、3,4-异戊二烯、聚氯丁二烯、异戊二烯/异丁烯共聚物、1,3-丁二烯/丙烯腈共聚物、1,3-丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物、异戊二烯/苯乙烯共聚物、异戊二烯/1,3-丁二烯/苯乙烯三元共聚物,或者它们的混合物。
对于单烯烃弹性体聚合物来说,它们可以为选自:乙烯和至少-种具有3到12个碳原子的α-烯烃的共聚物,任选地,还可以是乙烯和一种具有4到12个碳原子的二烯的共聚物;聚异丁烯;异丁烯和至少一种二烯烃的共聚物。特别优选的是:乙烯/丙稀共聚物(EPR)、乙烯/丙稀/二烯烃三元共聚物(EPDM)、聚异丁烯、丁基橡胶、卤丁基橡胶、或它们的混合物。
为了改进细分产品的机械抵抗力,需要在热塑性交联剂中加入增强填充剂,如:碳黑、硅石、矾土、铝硅酸盐、碳酸钙、高岭土、二氧化钛、或者它们的混合物。就此细分产品中次要成分的重量而言,增强填充剂的重量通常为0到60%,优选为5%到40%。
为了改善次要成分在热塑性交联剂中的分散性,还需要在细分产品中加入至少一种增塑剂。例如,增塑剂可以选自:矿物油,如石蜡油、石脑油、芳香族油;植物油;或者它们的混合物。就此细分产品中次要成分的重量而言,增塑剂的重量为0到40%,优选为5%到10%。
本发明现在进一步通过附图进行阐释,其中:
图1a是根据本发明的橡胶混合物连续生产车间的第一部分的示意图,其中中间橡胶混合物被生产;
图1b是根据本发明的橡胶混合物连续生产车间的第二部分的示意图,其中从中间橡胶混合物开始的最终可补救的橡胶混合物被生产。
通过参考图1a,所述中间橡胶混合物生产于其中的生产车间的所述第一部分包括一橡胶研磨器(1),其中通常被生产者成捆供应的所述橡胶基材料被研磨成小尺寸(平均尺寸大约3-50mm)的不规则微粒(碎屑),例如通过刀片。所述橡胶碎屑然后用防粘剂(例如白垩、硅石或其它粉末)补充,并且然后被引入橡胶贮藏桶(2),在那里所述橡胶微粒连续地或逐步地慢慢旋转以防止再次结块。为了将所述橡胶碎屑连续地进给到所述车间,通常至少需要两个桶,它们交替地充满和排出。所述橡胶碎屑然后被运送,例如通过一个运输带,运送到一个失重式测重给料器(3),用来将所述橡胶材料计量并进给到所述第一挤压机(5)的所述主进给漏斗(4)。
使用同样的漏斗(4)和/或通过一附加的进给漏斗(6),增强填料被引入到所述第一挤压机(5)中。一个附加进给漏斗(6)(如图1a所示)的使用允许在所述挤压机(5)的不同位置处部分地增加增强填料的全部数量,以便于改善所述填料在所述橡胶基中的分散情况。在图1a所示的实施例中,不同类型的碳黑可以从贮藏箱(7)被运送到相应的测重给料器(8a、8b)中,而不同类型的硅石可以从贮藏箱(9)被运送到相应的侧重给料器(10a、10b)中。所述挤压机(5)也可以提供两个附加的测重给料器(11)用来将那些以粉末形式出现的可用的橡胶从一个相应的储藏箱(12)中进给出来。也可以提供一个测重控制式进给泵(13),用来将增塑油以及可能的其它液体成分引入到所述挤压机(5)中,像硅石接合剂(比如硅烷)和附着力促进剂(比如钴盐)。
根据本发明,所述挤压机(5)的所述进给漏斗(4、6)的至少一个提供有测重给料器(14),用来计量并进给包括所述次要成分的细分产品(比如颗粒)。所述颗粒通过气动传输线(16)从储藏箱(15)中被运送到所述测重给料器(14)中。
根据一个优选实施例,每种包含一种特定的次要成分(或者不同次要产品的预定混合物)的颗粒产品通过一个专用测重给料器(14)和一个专用气动传输线(16)被分别运送、计量并进给。这样,就避免了由于颗粒的不同密度而产生的不规则的进给和不精确的计量,因为同样密度的微粒被进给到所述挤压机(5)中。作为选择,为了减少由于缺乏所述测重给料器(14)的填充而产生的计量错误,可以通过同样的测重给料器(14)来计量和进给不同的颗粒产品。
将进给到所述第一挤压机(5)中的所述次要成分通常是那些非温度敏感性成分,并且因此不能降解和/或造成焦化。而且,应该避免可能在所述第一混合阶段发生的那些能够干扰反应的次要成分被进给到所述第一挤压机中。例如,在硅石填料橡胶混合物、锌派生物(比如ZnO)以及胺化合物只是在所述第二混合阶段期间被加入的情况下,因为它们能够干扰所述接合剂与硅石之间的硅烷化反应。通常,在所述第一挤压机(5)中,所有所述次要成分都被进给,除了:交联剂、交联加速剂、交联延缓剂以及交联催化剂。
所述中间橡胶混合物从所述第一挤压机(5)中通过一个冲模(17)被排出。优选地,在离开所述第一挤压机之前,所述中间橡胶混合物被过滤以消除可能的集料、金属微粒或其它杂质。为了这个目的,一个过滤体(18)(比如一个网式过滤器)被放置在所述冲模(17)前面。为了给予经挤压的材料足够的压力以通过所述过滤体(18),一个齿轮泵(19)被优选地放置在所述过滤体(18)的上游。
现在参考图1b,从所述第一挤压机(5)排出的所述中间橡胶混合物然后被运送到所述第二挤压机(20),在那里所述橡胶混合物被加入所述温度敏感成分而完成。所述橡胶混合物从所述第一挤压机到所述第二挤压机的通道可以通过任何已知方法实现,并且应该用来冷却所述中间混合物以避免在第二混合阶段期间橡胶焦化。例如,从所述第一挤压机到所述第二挤压机的通道可以通过一个“松弛”的连接而实现,例如通过挤压成连续带或连续片的形式的所述中间橡胶混合物的花彩来实现。优选地,所述中间橡胶混合物被制成颗粒,比如通过将其穿过一个装备有刀片(图中未示出)的穿孔冲模板。
所述中间橡胶混合物被传送,比如通过一个传送带,被传送到一个失重式测重给料器(21),用来通过一个进给漏斗(22)被计量并进给到所述第二挤压机(20)。通过同样的进给漏斗(21)(或者优选的是通过一个附加漏斗-图1b中未示出),完成所述橡胶混合物所必须的所述次要成分被进给到所述挤压机(20)中。根据本发明,所述次要成分以细分产品的形式(比如颗粒)被使用。所述颗粒通过气动传输线(25)从贮藏箱(23)被运送到测重给料器(24)。与所述生产过程的所述第一阶段相类似,优选地,包括一种特殊次要成分(或者是不同次要成分的预定混合物)的每一种颗粒产品通过一个专用气动传输线(25)和一个专用测重给料器(24)而被分别传送、计量并进给。作为选择,不同的颗粒产品可以通过同样的测重给料器(24)被计量并进给。如图1b所示,在被计量以后,不同的颗粒产品可以被进给到附加漏斗(26)中,此漏斗将所述颗粒产品传送到所述挤压机漏斗(22)。
以细分产品形式被进给到所述第二挤压机(20)中的次要成分通常是完成所述橡胶混合物所必须的那些成分,它们是温度敏感性的,像交联剂、交联加速剂、交联延缓剂以及交联催化剂。
所述第二挤压机(20)也可以提供有测重式控制的进给泵(27),用来将附加的增塑油或其它液体成分引入到所述挤压机(20)中,像液体树脂(比如酚醛树脂)和反逆转剂(比如硅烷)。
所述最后橡胶混合物从所述第二挤压机(20)通过一个冲模(28)被排出。与所述第一生产阶段相似,所述最后橡胶混合物可以随意地过滤以消除可能的集料、技术颗粒或者其它杂质。因此,一个过滤体(29)(比如一个网式过滤器)以及一个齿轮泵(30)可以放置在所述冲模(28)的前面。在所述完成的橡胶混合物的这个随意的过滤阶段,应该采取特别的注意来避免温度升高,这会造成所述橡胶的焦化。
所述气动传输线(16、25)被连接到一个气动传输系统(图中未示出)上,该系统可以根据现有的公知技术来实现。概括地,一个气动传输系统能够通过管道利用主动或被动压力下的空气(或其它气体)的原动力来运输细分产品。
适合于本发明的一个气动传输系统可以“稀相”或“密相”下操作,也就是用所述气动线的低的填充因数或高的填充因数操作。在稀相传输系统情况下,要运输的所述产品被气流悬浮并且运输速度高(通常从15-40米/秒),而在密相系统中,所述产品滑动穿过所述管道,而不是颗粒被完全悬浮在气流中,并且所述运输速度低(通常不高于5-10米/秒)。
所述气动传输系统通常包括一个用来将空气送到所述管道中(在主动压力的情况下),或者将空气从所述管道中吸出(在被动压力的情况下)的吹风机或鼓风机,一个用来将所述产品运输到所述输送空气中的进给装置(比如一个旋转阀),一个用来将所述产品从接收装置(比如进给漏斗)处的空气中移开的过滤器或空气分离器。对于关于气动传输系统的调查,请参考例如论文《近期气动传输的发展》,R.L.Serpan著,发表于PCA/MTC技术会议(1998年9月22日,加拿大Alberta,Banff)。
根据本发明的方法可以用来生产任何种类弹性体的橡胶混合物,尤其是用于轮胎工业的弹性体。通常,所述弹性基可以从以下选择:二烯弹性聚合体和单烯弹性聚合体,或其混合物。
二烯烃弹性体聚合物通常来自天然,或者可以在溶液或乳液中聚合得到,其至少有一个共轭二烯,任选地,其至少有一个重量不超过50%的单乙基芳烃。二烯烃弹性体聚合物的例子有:顺式-1,4-异戊二烯(不论天然的还是合成的,优选为天然橡胶)、3,4-异戊二烯、聚乙烯-1,3-丁二烯(特别的,具有15%到85%重量的1,2-聚合体单元的高乙烯基聚乙烯-1,3-丁二烯),聚氯丁烯,卤化橡胶基质/异丁烯共聚物,1,3-丁二烯/丙烯腈共聚物、1,3-丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物、异戊二烯/苯乙烯共聚物、异戊二烯/1,3-丁二烯/苯乙烯三元共聚物,或者它们的混合物。
对于单烯烃弹性体聚合物来说,它们可以为选自:乙烯和至少一种具有3到12个碳原子的α-烯烃的共聚物,任选地,还可以是乙烯和一种具有4到12个碳原子的二烯的共聚物;聚异丁烯;异丁烯和至少一种二烯烃的共聚物。特别优选的是:乙烯/丙稀共聚物(EPR)、乙烯/丙稀/二烯烃三元共聚物(EPDM)、聚异丁烯、丁基橡胶、卤丁基橡胶、或它们的混合物。
所述橡胶混合物进一步包括至少一种增强填充剂,如:碳黑、硅石、矾土、铝硅酸盐、碳酸钙、高岭土、二氧化钛、或者它们的混合物。所述增强填充剂的数量通常为0.1到120phr,优选为20到90phr(phr=就弹性基重量而言每100份重量中其所占的重量)。
为了改善次加工性,优选地需要在所述橡胶混合物中加入至少一种增塑剂。增塑剂通常选自:矿物油,植物油,合成油及其类似物,或者它们的混合物,例如芳香族油,环烷油,酞酸盐,大豆油,或者它们的混合物。所述增塑剂的数量通常可以为2到100phr,优选为5到50phr。
本发明现在进一步通过下述工作例子阐释。
一些次要成分以颗粒形式被生产,通过将每种次要成分连同所述接合剂在一个同步旋转双螺旋桨挤压机中混合。所述挤压后的“意大利式细面条”形式的材料在水池中冷却,被气流干燥并弄碎,以便于获得具有如下尺寸的颗粒:大约2mm直径,3mm长度。
不同的颗粒成分已在表1中介绍(表1表达的是就所述颗粒的全部重量而言的百分比重量)。
表1
成分 | 接合剂 |
硬脂酸(70%) | Engage8200(20%)碳黑N660(10%) |
ZnO(85%) | Engage8150(7.5%)Vestenamer8012(7.5%) |
石蜡(50%) | Engage8200(30%)碳黑N660(20%) |
N-cycloexylmercaptobenzothiazylsulphenamide(CBS)(70%) | Engage8150(30%) |
N-tertbutyl-mercaptobenzothiazyl sulphenamide(TBBS)(70%) | Engage8150(30%) |
N,N-dicycloexylmercaptobenzothiazyl sulphenamide(DCBS)(70%) | Engage8150(30%) |
不溶硫(Sn)(76.5%) | Engage8150(15%)石蜡油(8.5%) |
不溶硫(Sn)+N-cyclohexyl thiophtaloimide(PVI)(6∶1wt)(79%) | Engage8150(15%)石蜡油(6%) |
联苯胍(DPG)(70%) | Engage8150(30%) |
Engage8200(Du Pont-Dow Elastomer生产):乙烯/1-辛烯聚合物,由具有以下特性的茂金属催化获得:
乙烯/1-辛烯重量比76/24;密度=0.870g/cm3;MFI=0.5g/10’,ΔHm=24J/g;Tm=60℃。
Engage8150(Du Pont-Dow Elastomer生产):乙烯/1-辛烯聚合物,由具有以下特性的茂金属催化获得:
乙烯/1-辛烯重量比75/25;密度=0.868g/cm3;MFI=0.5g/10’,ΔHm=34.8J/g;Tm=59.2℃。
例1
通过具有图1a和图1b所阐释的结构的装置准备好一种橡胶混合物,用天然橡胶(NR)作弹性基并用碳黑作增强填料。所述橡胶混合物的成分在表2中被介绍(表中介绍的数值涉及到有效成分的数量,没有考虑所述接合剂的数量)。
为了准备所述中间橡胶混合物,使用了一个同步旋转的相互配合的双螺旋桨挤压机,具有58mm的磁鼓直径和比值为48的L/D比。所述天然橡胶用一个旋转刀片磨粉机被第一次制粒,颗粒的平均尺寸达到大约1cm,并且用硅石除尘以防止再次结块。制成颗粒的天然橡胶连同碳黑通过所述挤压机的所述主漏斗被进给。通过同样的漏斗,ZnO和硬脂酸以颗粒的形式被进给,颗粒的成分已在表1中介绍。每一种颗粒成分用一个专门的测重给料器进给;所述给料器的存储再填充通过所述气动传输线实现,如图1a所示。芬芳油通过所述第二漏斗被注入到所述挤压机。挤压后材料的温度是167℃。
在第一阶段被挤压的所述中间橡胶混合物被制粒并用硅石除尘,然后通过58mm的第二挤压机(L/D=48)的主漏斗被进给。药品(不溶硫磺和N,N-双环己基含巯基(DCBS))通过所述第二挤压机的主漏斗以颗粒的形式被进给,其成分已在表1中介绍。每种颗粒成分用一个专用测重给料器进给;所述给料器的存储再填充通过所述气动传输线实现,如图1b所示。所述防护剂(N-(1,3-二甲基)丁基-N’-苯基-P-苯二胺)以熔融状态通过一个进给泵被注入到所述第二挤压机中。挤压后的材料的温度是117℃。
根据ISO 289/1标准测量所获得的橡胶混合物在100℃下的门尼粘度ML(1+4)。机械特性(根据ISO标准37)和IRHD程度的23℃和100℃下的硬度(根据ISO标准48)在所述交联接合剂合成物的样本上在170℃下测试10分钟。其结果显示在表3中。
表3也显示了动态弹力特性,通过根据下面方法所述的牵引压缩方式下的一个动态拉伸器来测量。具有圆柱形式(长度=25mm;直径=14mm)、压缩预载直到所述最初长度纵向变形10%,并且保持整个测试期间的前期温度(70℃或者23℃)的所述交联材料的试样被施加一个动态正弦张力,该正弦张力具有在预压力下关于长度的±3.33%的振幅以及100Hz的频率。所述动态弹性特性用动态弹性模数(E’)和tandelta(功耗因素)值来表述。众所周知,所述tandelta值是以粘性模量(E’’)和弹性模量(E’)之间的比率来计算的,这两个模量都是被上述动态测量所确定的。
表2
成分 | phr |
第一阶段 | |
天然橡胶(STR 20) | 100 |
碳黑N375 | 60 |
芬芳油 | 7 |
氧化锌* | 3.5 |
硬脂酸* | 2 |
第二阶段 | |
DCBS* | 1.3 |
硫磺* | 2 |
6PPD | 2 |
总成分 | 177.8 |
*以颗粒形式进给
表3
测试 | 值 |
100℃下粘性ML(1+4) | 71.3 |
100%模数(MPa) | 1.54 |
300%模数(MPa) | 8.33 |
突破应力(MPa) | 18.15 |
突破延伸率(%) | 517.5 |
23℃下的E’(MPa) | 3.91 |
70℃下的E’(MPa) | 3.13 |
23℃下的Tandelta | 0.174 |
70℃下的Tandelta | 0.135 |
23℃下的IRHD硬度 | 56 |
100℃下的IRHD硬度 | 49 |
例2
通过具有图1a和图1b所阐释的结构的装置准备好一种橡胶混合物,用苯乙烯/丁二烯共聚物(SBR)和聚丁二烯(BR)作弹性基并用硅石作增强填料。所述橡胶混合物的成分在表4中被介绍(表中介绍的数值涉及到有效成分的数量,没有考虑所述接合剂的数量)。
为了准备所述中间橡胶混合物,使用了一个同步旋转的相互配合的双螺旋桨挤压机,具有58mm的磁鼓直径和比值为48的L/D比。所述SBR和BR用一个旋转刀片磨粉机被第一次制粒,颗粒的平均尺寸达到大约1cm,并且用硅石除尘以防止再次结块,然后如此获得的碎屑的物理混合就完成了。制成颗粒的橡胶混合体连同硅石一起通过所述挤压机的所述主漏斗被进给。通过同样的漏斗,石蜡和硬脂酸以颗粒的形式被进给,颗粒的成分已在表1中介绍。每一种颗粒成分用一个专门的测重给料器进给;所述给料器的存储再填充通过所述气动传输线实现,如图1a所示。作为硅石的接合剂,使用了Degussa公司的商业产品X50S(包含50%重量的双(3-三乙氧甲硅烷丙基)四硫化物以及50%重量的碳黑)。
芬芳油通过所述第二漏斗被注入到所述挤压机。挤压后材料的温度是150℃。
在第一阶段被挤压的所述中间橡胶混合物被制粒并用硅石除尘,然后通过58mm的第二挤压机(L/D=48)的主漏斗被进给。药物(不溶硫磺和N,N-双环己基含巯基(CBS)和二苯胍(DPG))通过所述第二挤压机的主漏斗以颗粒的形式被进给,其成分已在表1中介绍。每种颗粒成分用一个专用测重给料器进给;所述给料器的存储再填充通过所述气动传输线实现,如图2所示。所述防护剂(N-(1,3-二甲基)丁基-N’-苯基-P-苯二胺)以熔融状态通过一个进给泵被注入到所述第二挤压机中。挤压后的材料的温度是128℃。
如此获得的橡胶混合物的特性如例1介绍的那样,其结果显示在表5中。
表4
成分 | phr |
第一阶段 | |
s-SBR(JSR HP-752) | 70 |
BR(丁纳橡胶顺式-132) | 30 |
硅石(Zeosil1165) | 65 |
芬芳油 | 7 |
接合剂 | 10 |
石蜡* | 1.5 |
硬脂酸* | 2 |
第二阶段 | |
氧化锌* | 2.5 |
DPG* | 1 |
CBS* | 2 |
硫磺* | 1.2 |
6PPD | 2 |
总成分 | 194.2 |
*以颗粒形式进给
表5
测试 | 值 |
100℃下粘性ML(1+4) | 80.1 |
100%模数(MPa) | 2.90 |
300%模数(MPa) | 12.88 |
突破压力(MPa) | 18.26 |
突破拉力(%) | 439.1 |
23℃下的E’(MPa) | 10.78 |
70℃下的E’(MPa) | 7.15 |
23℃下的Tandelta | 0.299 |
70℃下的Tandelta | 0.137 |
23℃下的IRHD硬度 | 76 |
100℃下的IRHD硬度 | 69 |
例3
通过具有图1a和图1b所阐释的结构的装置准备好一种橡胶混合物,用天然橡胶(NR)和聚丁二烯(BR)作弹性基并用碳黑作增强填料。所述橡胶混合物的成分在表6中被介绍(表中介绍的数值涉及到有效成分的数量,没有考虑所述接合剂的数量)。
为了准备所述中间橡胶混合物,使用了一个同步旋转的相互配合的双螺旋桨挤压机,具有58mm的磁鼓直径和比值为48的L/D比。所述NR和BR用一个旋转刀片磨粉机被第一次制粒,颗粒的平均尺寸达到大约1cm,并且用硅石除尘以防止再次结块,然后如此获得的碎屑的物理混合就完成了。制成颗粒的橡胶混合体连同硅石一起通过所述挤压机的所述主漏斗被进给。通过同样的漏斗,石蜡和硬脂酸以颗粒的形式被进给,颗粒的成分已在表1中介绍。每一种颗粒成分用一个专门的测重给料器进给;所述给料器的存储再填充通过所述气动传输线实现,如图1a所示。挤压后材料的温度是146℃。
在第一阶段被挤压的所述中间橡胶混合物被制粒并用硅石除尘,然后通过58mm的第二挤压机(L/D=48)的主漏斗被进给。药物(Curatives)(不溶硫+N-cyclohexyl thiophtaloimide(PVI)和N-tertbutyl-mercaptobenzothiazyl sulphenamide(TBBS))通过所述第二挤压机的主漏斗以颗粒的形式被进给,其成分已在表1中介绍。每种颗粒成分用一个专用测重给料器进给;所述给料器的存储再填充通过所述气动传输线实现,如图1b所示。所述防护剂(N-(1,3-二甲基)丁基-N’-苯基-p-苯二胺)以熔融状态通过一个进给泵被注入到所述第二挤压机中。挤压后的材料的温度是128℃。
如此获得的橡胶混合物的特性如例1介绍的那样,其结果显示在表7中。
表6
成分 | phr |
第一阶段 | |
天然橡胶(STR 20) | 50 |
BR(丁纳橡胶顺式-132) | 50 |
碳黑N660 | 50 |
氧化锌* | 3 |
石蜡* | 2 |
硬脂酸* | 2 |
第二阶段 | |
TBBS* | 0.8 |
硫磺* | 1.8 |
PVI* | 0.3 |
6PPD | 2.5 |
总成分 | 162.4 |
*以颗粒形式进给
表7
测试 | 值 |
100℃下粘性ML(1+4) | 65.2 |
100%模数(MPa) | 2.08 |
300%模数(MPa) | 8.92 |
突破压力(MPa) | 14.18 |
突破拉力(%) | 459.0 |
23℃下的E’(MPa) | 5.30 |
70℃下的E’(MPa) | 4.28 |
23℃下的Tandelta | 0.142 |
70℃下的Tandelta | 0.111 |
23℃下的IRHD硬度 | 61 |
100℃下的IRHD硬度 | 58 |
Claims (25)
1.一种用于连续制造弹性体合成物的方法,包括下列步骤:
提供至少一个包括一机架的挤压机,至少一个螺旋杆可转动地安装于所述机架上,所述机架包括至少一个进给口和一个排出口;
将所述至少一种弹性体和至少一种填料计量并进给到所述至少一个挤压机中;
将不同于弹性体和填料的次要成分计量并进给到所述至少一个挤压机中;
通过所述至少一个挤压机将所述至少一种填料和次要成分混合并分散进所述至少一种弹性体中;
挤压所得到的弹性体合成物穿过所述排除口;
其中,至少一种所述次要成分在被计量并传送进所述挤压机之前通过气动传输线以细分产品的形式被传送,所述产品包括在至少一种热塑性接合剂中分散的至少一种次要成分。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中至少一种增塑剂被进一步计量并进给到所述挤压机中。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述细分产品通过一个测重给料器被计量并进给。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中相对于所述产品的总重量,所述细分产品包含所述至少一种次要成分重量的从40%到98%。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中相对于所述产品的总重量,所述细分产品包含所述至少一种次要成分重量的从50%到95%。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其中相对于所述产品的总重量,所述细分产品包含所述至少一种次要成分重量的从70%到85%。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述细分产品具有一个不低于45的肖氏A硬度以及一个不高于65的肖氏D硬度。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述细分产品具有从20到60的肖氏硬度D。
9.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中能够以细分产品的形式被计量并进给的次要成分从下述物品中选择:交联剂、交联加速剂、合成树脂、交联催化剂、交联延缓剂、附着力促进剂、保护剂、接合剂、浓缩催化剂。
10.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中提供了一第一挤压机和一第二挤压机,其中通过所述第一挤压机生产出没有温度敏感性次要成分的中间橡胶混合物,并且通过所述第二挤压机生产出包括所述温度敏感性次要成分的完成的橡胶混合物。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述温度敏感性次要成分从以下选择:交联剂、交联加速剂、交联延缓剂、交联催化剂。
12.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述热塑性接合剂具有不低于40℃的熔化温度(Tm)。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述热塑性接合剂具有从50℃到120℃的熔化温度(Tm)。
14.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述热塑性接合剂包括从下面选择的聚合体:
(I)具有至少一种脂肪族的或芬芳族的烯烃并且可选择地具有至少一种多烯的乙烯均聚(合)物或者乙烯共聚物;
(II)具有至少一种乙烯化不饱和酯的乙烯共聚物;
(III)通过至少一种环烯的methatesis反应得到的聚合体;
或者其混合物。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述热塑性接合剂包括具有至少一种脂肪族的或芬芳族的α(alpha)-烯烃并且可选择地具有至少一种多烯的乙烯共聚物,具有低于5的分子量分布指数(MWD)。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述热塑性接合剂包括具有至少一种脂肪族的或芬芳族的α(alpha)-烯烃并且可选择地具有至少一种多烯的乙烯共聚物,具有从1.5到3.5的分子量分布指数(MWD)。
17.如权利要求15或16所述的方法,其中所述共聚物可以在单坐席催化剂存在的情况下通过具有一种脂肪族的或芬芳族的α(alpha)-烯烃并且可选择地具有一种多烯的乙烯的共聚合而获得。
18.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述热塑性接合剂是在具有至少一种弹性聚合物的混合物中,具有低于20℃的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)。
19.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述热塑性接合剂是在具有至少一种增强填料的混合物中。
20.如前述任意权利要求所述的方法,其中所述热塑性接合剂是在具有至少一种增塑剂的混合物中。
21.用于连续制造弹性体合成物的设备,包括:
至少一个包括一机架的挤压机,至少一个螺旋杆可转动地安装于所述机架上,所述机架包括至少一个进给口和一个排出口;
至少一个第一计量装置,用于将至少一种弹性体和至少一种填料通过所述至少一个进给口计量并进给到所述至少一个挤压机中;
至少一个第二计量装置,用于将不同于弹性体和填料的次要成分计量并进给到所述至少一个挤压机中,所述次要成分至少一种是细分产品的形式,包括在至少一种热塑性接合剂中分散的所述至少一种次要成分;
至少一个气动传输线,用来将细分产品形式的所述至少一种次要成分从存储箱输送到所述所述至少一个第二计量装置。
22.如权利要求21所述的设备,其中提供了一个第一挤压机和一个第二挤压机,通过所述第一挤压机生产出没有温度敏感性次要成分的中间橡胶混合物,并且通过所述第二挤压机生产出包括所述温度敏感性次要成分的完成的橡胶混合物。
23.如权利要求21或22所述的设备,其中至少一个所述第一和第二计量装置是测重给料器。
24.如权利要求21到23中任意一项权利要求所述的设备,进一步包括一个橡胶研磨机,用来把所述至少一种弹性体在被计量并进给到所述至少一个挤压机中之前研磨。
25.如权利要求21到24中任意一项权利要求所述的设备,进一步包括至少一个过滤体,用来将从所述至少一个挤压机中排出的所述弹性体合成物过滤。
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GB2360288B (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2003-12-03 | Goodyear Tire & Rubber | Pneumatic tire having a tread containing a metal oxide aerogel |
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-
2002
- 2002-07-22 WO PCT/EP2002/008145 patent/WO2003009989A1/en active Application Filing
- 2002-07-22 JP JP2003515367A patent/JP2004535319A/ja active Pending
- 2002-07-22 CN CNB028146484A patent/CN1328032C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-22 BR BRPI0211293-0A patent/BR0211293B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-22 US US10/484,494 patent/US8460590B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-22 EP EP02758375A patent/EP1419044B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-22 KR KR10-2004-7001172A patent/KR20040023813A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-07-22 RU RU2004105272/12A patent/RU2296047C2/ru active
- 2002-07-24 AR ARP020102776A patent/AR034886A1/es active IP Right Grant
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111590793A (zh) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-08-28 | 东莞市科信精工通用机器有限公司 | 一种塑料集中配料系统 |
CN112223575A (zh) * | 2020-08-29 | 2021-01-15 | 宁波禾隆新材料股份有限公司 | 一种高效造粒系统 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2004535319A (ja) | 2004-11-25 |
CN1328032C (zh) | 2007-07-25 |
RU2004105272A (ru) | 2005-02-27 |
BR0211293B1 (pt) | 2011-11-01 |
EP1419044A1 (en) | 2004-05-19 |
EP1419044B1 (en) | 2012-12-12 |
AR034886A1 (es) | 2004-03-24 |
US8460590B2 (en) | 2013-06-11 |
RU2296047C2 (ru) | 2007-03-27 |
WO2003009989A1 (en) | 2003-02-06 |
BR0211293A (pt) | 2004-08-03 |
KR20040023813A (ko) | 2004-03-19 |
US20050087906A1 (en) | 2005-04-28 |
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