CN1509443A - 通信系统中的用户别名 - Google Patents
通信系统中的用户别名 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1509443A CN1509443A CNA028100182A CN02810018A CN1509443A CN 1509443 A CN1509443 A CN 1509443A CN A028100182 A CNA028100182 A CN A028100182A CN 02810018 A CN02810018 A CN 02810018A CN 1509443 A CN1509443 A CN 1509443A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- user
- network
- phone
- sip
- call
- Prior art date
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Abstract
在通信系统的环境中公开一种技术,由此可以通过多个替代的符号名称(300)来指出可通过系统访问的对方。可在系统中维护给定一方的用户简档信息,以便响应涉及该方的会话请求来控制特征和路由行为(320)。借助于映射功能,一个或多个符号名称可与同一用户简档信息相关。涉及一方的任一替代名称的会话请求可调用同一用户简档。
Description
本发明涉及一种通信系统,更具体地说,涉及用于建立通信会话的用户身份的分辨。
数据传送网络、最显著的是因特网的迅速扩展导致电话和其它形式的实时通信的变革。一直习惯于分别在不同系统和网络上支持电话业务和数据业务的企业现在正在转向所谓的“汇聚网络”,其中电话语音业务和其它形式的实时媒体转换成数字形式并且与其它形式的数据一起由分组数据网来传送。既然技术上可以支持它,基于数据传送的语音传输在降低投资和运营成本、资源效率以及灵活性这些方面提供许多优点。
例如,在商业安装中,客户基础设备投资和运营成本可能显著减少,因为大多数增强功能、如PBX和自动呼叫分发功能可驻留在服务提供商网络中。各种类型的网关允许甚至在诸如IP电话、传统模拟电话和PBX之类的不同系统之间建立会话,以及与连网的台式计算机建立会话。
因此,电话领域正在摒弃在存储程序的控制下或者在行业标准化的智能网络(IN)呼叫处理的控制下工作的电路交换机的传统使用。而是出现了新的业务处理体系结构(诸如所谓的“软交换机”方法)以及协议(如会话发起协议或‘SIP’),它们主要是根据为因特网和其它数据网络开发的技术来设计的。
除成本考虑以外,这种业务处理上的改变的主要优势和动机是允许增强的新业务和业务的更快部署。正在设计的新分组交换电话网连同前述新业务处理范例为用户提供空前的灵活度和可定制性。
即使在网络外围,新一代的最终用户终端设备正在代替传统的电话、甚至较新的PBX电话机。这些新设备,如Cisco Systems,Inc.和Pingtel Corporation提供的设备,可以经由例如以太网连接直接连接到公用数据网,特意配备大的可视显示器来增强用户界面的丰富性。
根本背离传统电话的另一主要迹象涉及表达目的地的方式。不是使用熟悉的电话号码来向特定电话机发出呼叫,新的范例依靠识别想要接通的一方,与任何特定地点或站地址(如电话号码)无关。当前的趋势是,这种标识是字母数字的并且类似于目前在其它类型的通信中普遍使用的电子邮件地址或URI(统一资源标识符)。上述新电话可以“拔打”这种字母数字地址。
这种指定一方而不是一个站的技术嵌入分组交换电话的另一新颖方面,也就是说,允许用户位置是非常动态的。缺省情况下,给定用户可以与传统意义上的特定通信终端(电话机、移动电话、寻呼机等)相关。此外,用户可能靠近一种更新类型的IP电话设备,并且登记其在场,以便在给定电话上接收呼叫。任何呼入则会转到最近登记的地址。给定这种移动性,目标方的识别方案必须与特定终端的寻址脱离关系。记忆“电话号码”的熟悉习惯可能很快会废除,或者至少通过用于指定给定目标方、也称为“端接”方的另一种符号表达来作为补充。
传统上使用电话号码来接通特定电话号码,这很不适合在通信系统中指定所需目标方,在该方可能从一个位置到另一个位置动态地四处移动的情况下更是如此。先有技术中已知,提供单一号码,通过该号码找到特定的人。但是,这种“一个号码”方法需要主叫、也称为“始呼”方熟悉大多数传统电话号码所具有的意义不明确的号码,没有丝毫地理意义作用。此外,在传统电话网络中已经实现的现有的单号码业务不能动态地配置以便实时地跟踪用户的行踪。
先有技术方法的另一个缺点是无法提供都归结到单个简档的各种地址类型。这在支持许多种通信类型的综合通信系统中变得尤为重要,这些通信类型包括实时媒体、如语音、视频、会议以及与其它数据业务的合作应用。在综合网络的新环境中,各种地址类型易于投入使用。
还有其它实际原因支持多种地址类型。传统电话和较新的控制和传送方案有可能共存一段时间。突然转变一种系统或者用户从具有传统电话号码到仅具有URI等是不必要的中断。容许两种形式的寻址的能力能良好地适应网络基础设施和用户人口的逐步过渡,即使在其它寻址形式变得可用时,也允许人们使用熟悉的电话号码。
根据本发明的一个最佳实施例,采用会话处理控制系统,其中各个用户具有可规定的简档,它描述将该控制设置为网络代表用户处理呼叫的方式的特征。这种可配置特征可包括例如呼叫转发列表、呼叫筛选列表以及“找我”联络列表。
数据处理系统中指定目标用户的符号、如字符串被映射到目标用户的适当简档。响应发出的与目标方建立会话的请求,会话处理功能能够访问由字符串指示的简档并且执行处理以利用网络资源建立会话。这种处理可包括执行呼叫处理特征、对用户鉴权、验证请求以及确定目标方最近的行踪。这种处理大部分受到用户简档中的内容的影响。
根据一个最佳实施例,用于把字符串与用户简档匹配的解析功能(或者简单的查找表)可容许字符串的各种格式。简单地说,字符串可采用各种形式,包括诸如公共或专用电话号码、象166.78.32.3这样的数字IP地址或者象″john.doe@thiscompany.com.″的DNS可解析的名称。
特别重要的是以下方面:利用将各种形式映射到特定用户的表格,还可以将许多字符串映射到同一简档。当有多个字符串映射到单个简档时,字符串均被称为与该简档相关联的用户的“别名”。
提供别名有许多优点。一个优点源于以下事实:各种主叫或者主叫所用的系统可能服从于这些格式中的不同格式。为了更好地适应这种环境,目标可以具有例如一个别名,它是简单和直观的文本名称(Jack.Horner@Storybook.org),以便人们输入或电子邮件之类的界面,还可以具有第二个别名,如IP地址(象134.244.12.45),以便于通过机器接口访问。例如,后一种别名可以在格式的简洁和一致性上较好,这可能对于一些设备而言是重要的品质。
另一个优点涉及到区分不同人的可达性的能力。通过有选择地使不同的人已知不同的别名,可以区别对待呼入的处理。处理可以对整组呼入类型改变。例如,个人或企业或者甚至是面向公众的实体、如无线电或电视台或公职人员可以选择在一段时间和/或为了特定目的而公开和使用一个别名。以后,这种实体可以决定取消或禁用所公开的地址。或者,可以重新将公开的地址与另一简档相关联,或者将呼叫的处理改变到临时选择的地址。幸运的是,借助于本论述,这种别名的启用和禁用容易完成,而不必删除目标用户的简档。也不需要改变任何终端设备的逻辑地址(即电话号码)。较为容易地完成此操作可以与传统电话网络中改变或取消电话号码以及删除用户的特征集时的工作和不方便性形成对比。由于新网络中提供的用户可配置特征很丰富,后一方面已经变得相当重要。
提供别名的另一个不明显的优点涉及到甚至在类似的地址类型中,提供给用户以其它方式区别寻址的能力。可以设想,高级商务人员可能想提供传达业务相关图像的联络地址或者至少是直觉上与业务相关的名称、如“Alan.Stone@sandstone-architectural.com.”。至于家庭成员和孙子,这同一个人可能也想使用对于家庭和朋友而言直观的更加个性化的处理,比如″grandpa.al@sandstone.office.″。这两种引用可以调出同一个人的简档,导致任何类型的主叫方(公务或家庭)能够容易地与此人取得联系。也可以采用其它与用户生活中的组织关系、习惯、兴趣或其它方面相关的别名。别名可以是整个系统的重要部分,使得比起以前采用“找我”功能、来访者登录等,更容易与用户取得联系。还可设想,呼叫处理中的一些区别可以配置到简档中,使得这些不同的处理导致有些不同的呼叫处理、路由或者部署,甚至在统一简档的环境中也是如此。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供一种控制与对方的通信会话的建立的方法,包括以下步骤:接收指定对方的第一用户标识符号;将第一用户标识符号映射到标识与对方对应的用户简档信息的索引;采用该索引来访问用户简档信息;以及然后根据与对方对应的用户简档信息来控制通信会话的建立。本发明的论述还提供一种支持用户别名的通信系统,并且定位服务器功能通过将用户标识符号映射到用户简档信息来响应通信请求。在又一方面,本发明提供操作支持系统,通过该系统,可以在通信系统中规定别名。本发明的另外一些方面、特征和优点可从以下详细描述中容易地理解,这些描述中仅说明了包括为实施本发明而设想的最佳方式的若干特定实施例和实现。本发明还服从于其它不同的实施例,并且只要不背离本发明的精神和范围,它的若干细节可在不同方面进行修改。因此,以下的附图和描述应当视为说明性的,而不是限定性的。
在附图的各图中,以举例方式而非限定方式来说明本发明,图中相同的参照标号指的是类似的要素,其中:
图1是根据本发明的示范实施例、能够支持语音业务的数据通信系统的示意图;
图2是根据本发明的示范实施例、建立各方之间会话时涉及的功能部件的示意图;
图3是根据本发明的示范实施例、用于实现用户简档的多个别名的数据结构的示意图;
图4是根据本发明的示范实施例、用于处理别名的过程的流程图;以及
图5是可用来实现本发明的一个实施例的计算机系统的示意图。
在以下描述中,众所周知的结构和装置可以表示成框图形式或者概括表示,以免不必要地使本发明不明确。为了说明,陈述了大量具体细节,以便提供对本发明的全面理解。但是,应当理解,本发明可以用这些具体细节以外的其它各种方式来实施。
例如,虽然本发明是在会话发起协议(SIP)和基于因特网协议(IP)的网络的上下文中讨论的,但是本领域的普通技术人员将会知道,本发明可以普遍应用于其它等效或类似的通信协议或通信网络。
为了在网络中建立通信会话,出现了新的协议和控制体系结构。值得注意的是,这些是由向基于数据的语音传输的转移而激发的,但是不一定限制于这种环境。在某些方面,下面描述的协议和控制体系结构可用来经过任何形式的传送建立呼叫。
ITU H.323标准和IETF会话发起协议(SIP)都是可用来在连接到网络的终端之间建立通信会话的协议的示例。在IETF文件RFC2543及其后续者中描述了SIP协议。结合这些协议已经提出了各种各样的体系结构,其共同的主题是在网络中某处配置称为“定位服务器”的地址分辨功能来代表用户控制各特征并且维护关于如何找到任何目标方的当前信息。
在这整个公开中,应当理解,虽然为方便起见,说明SIP类型的消息,但是在整个系统的各个部分中可以应用任何类型的协议或者这类协议的混合。特别是,代理服务器与定位服务器之间的路由请求和响应可以严格地或者宽松地遵照SIP或者一些其它的标准化协议,或者可以是专有性的协议。
图1说明根据本发明的示范实施例、能够支持语音业务的数据通信系统的示意图。通信系统100包括分组数据传送网络101,在一个示范实施例中是基于因特网协议(IP)的网络。系统100提供在与之耦合的各种终端设备之间建立通信的能力,这些终端设备包括例如电话125、PBX电话118以及SIP电话109。实际上,一个或多个系统100可以服务于成千上万或者数百万的这种终端设备。
本文所用的术语“SIP电话”指的是配置成提供SIP电话功能性的任何客户机(例如个人计算机、网络设备等)。SIP电话109可以采用独立设备的形式,例如SIP电话可以设计和配置成用起来和看起来如普通老式电话业务(POTS)电话机。而SIP客户机111是软件客户机并且可以运行在例如传统个人计算机(PC)或膝上型计算机上。从信令的观点来看,这些设备109和111可以非常类似地工作,主要不同在于用户界面。除非另外说明,否则应当认识到SIP电话109和SIP客户机111的功能性是可比的,网络操作对于任一类设备是类似的。
系统100提供多个单元来支持语音业务,包括企业网关103、专用接入线路(DAL)网关105、网络网关107以及SIP会议平台127。具体来说,系统100包括代理服务器113[也称为网络服务器(NS)]和定位服务器(LS)115的重要单元。定位服务器115用作最终用户信息的资料库,实现地址验证、特征状态和实时用户特征配置。此外,LS115可存储配置信息。
为了说明,参照大企业用户来描述系统100的功能。应当指出,系统100的特征/功能性可适用于各种用户类型和通信要求。系统100能够支持维护具有语音和数据要求的多个位置的客户。
如图所示,企业网关103从PBX117提供连接性,其中包含常用于单个商业客户或位置(例如PBX电话118)的中继线或线路。从PBX117到IP网络中的呼叫的信令包括唯一地标识客户、中继线群或载波的信息。这允许私人号码在其正确的上下文中得到解释。为了与PBX117接口,企业网关103可采用综合数字业务网(ISDN)、电路相关信令(CAS)或者其它PBX接口[例如欧洲电信标准协会(ETSI)PRI,R2]。
系统100中采用专用接入线路(DAL)网关105以让虚拟专用网(VPN)用户能够甚至从未接受VPN服务的传统电话来接入其业务。
通过系统100,通信可以在通过PSTN123接受服务的语音台125和连接到分组数据网101的个人计算机(例如PC111)之间建立。
记住,PC软客户机和独立IP电话的类似特性,可以说,对于发出基于IP的语音呼叫存在四种可能的情况:(1)电话到电话、(2)电话到PC、(3)PC到电话以及(4)PC到PC。在电话到电话呼叫建立的第一种情况中,从电话125发出的呼叫经PSTN123通过交换机交换到网络网关107,网络网关107把呼叫通过IP骨干网101转发。然后通过网络101路由分组化的语音呼叫,或许路由到另一类似的网络网关107,从而在另一个PSTN电话上(图中未标出)。在第二种情况下,电话125向PC发出呼叫,通过交换机转到PSTN123。该语音呼叫然后通过PSTN123转到SIP网络网关107,网络网关107经由网络101把语音呼叫转到PC111。第三种情况涉及向语音台(例如电话125)发出呼叫的PC111。利用语音编码器,PC111把语音分组流引入网络101,这些语音分组被送往SIP网络网关107。SIP网络网关107把分组语音信息转换成POTS电信号,该信号经电路交换而到达语音台(例如电话125)。最后,在第四种情况中,PC111与另一PC(图中未标出)建立语音呼叫;在这种情况下,分组化语音数据经由网络101从PC111发送到其它PC(图中未标出),其中分组化语音数据被解码。
如上所述,系统100可采用SIP来交换会话建立消息。另一种流行的会话建立协议称为H.323协议,尽管它实际上是由国际电信联盟(ITU)为完成多媒体通信而发布的一组相关协议。SIP是由因特网工程特别任务组(IETF)开发的另一种标准。SIP是基于客户机-服务器模型的信令协议,一般意味着,客户机通过向可提供业务的服务器发送请求消息来调用所需业务。类似于其它IETF协议[例如,简易邮件传送协议(SMTP)和超文本传送协议(HTTP)],SIP是文本的人可读协议。
应当指出,H.323或SIP协议都不限于IP电话应用,而是可适用于一般的多媒体业务。在本发明的一个实施例中,SIP用来通过系统100建立电话呼叫和其它类型的会话。但是,本领域的普通技术人员应当清楚,H.323协议(带有一些修改或扩展)或其它类似协议可用来代替SIP。与SIP分开,但通常与SIP结合使用的是会话描述协议(SDP),该协议提供关于多媒体会话中媒体流的信息,以允许会话描述的接收方参与会话。
因特网工程特别任务组的SIP协议定义了许多类型的请求,也称为方法。一种重要的方法是INVITE方法,它邀请用户参加会议。另一种方法是BYE请求,它指明可以释放呼叫。换言之,BYE终止两个用户或会议各方之间的连接。另一种方法是OPTIONS方法。此方法请求关于容量的信息而不一定建立呼叫。REGISTER方法可用来向SIP服务器提供关于用户目前位置的信息。
关于SIP及其呼叫控制业务的详细情况在IETF RFC2543和IETF因特网草案“SIP Call Control Services”(June.17,1999)中描述。
SIP消息的传输可以在IP网络中通过众所周知的用户数据报协议(UDP)或通过更可靠的事务控制协议(TCP)来进行。而SIP,H.323或其它协议可用来通过数据网络建立会话,要在用户之间传递的实际媒体或“业务量”可根据IETF文件RFC1889中描述的众所周知的实时传送协议(RTP)来进行。
很可能(并非必要的)所有的呼叫控制信令(SIP,H.323)、媒体业务(RTP/RTCP)以及网络管理和规定将通过公共传送网络101来传递。因此,在图1中,所有元件出现在传送网络101周围的集线器配置中。
在传统的电话网络中,呼叫被引导到特定位置或者由所呼叫的电话号码唯一地标识的终端装置。与此相比,系统100使主叫能够指定要找的被叫方,而与任何特定位置或终端无关。
用户可以从一个终端移动到另一个终端,在每个终端,可以登记为在场,使得呼入被引导到最近登记的位置。此外,用户可以具有个人方式和小组方式的简档设定,这些设定甚至可随一天的时间而变来影响诸如呼叫阻塞之类功能的激活。
由于用户位置和呼叫处理功能的动态性,每个建立会话的请求首先被路由到代理服务器,以便可以验证用户许可,可以找出目标地址,以及可以将与用户或业务相关的特殊功能运用于该呼叫。请求在内部得到满足,或者将它们可能在翻译之后传递给其它服务器。代理翻译在必要时将请求消息在转发前重写。
一般来说,定位服务器115接受比如来自代理服务器的路由请求,并且确定与路由请求中表达的目标方对应的地址或“联络方式”。响应该请求,定位服务器可返回包括该方的联络信息的改发响应。应当指出,NS113和LS115之间的消息传递可以采用SIP的修改形式。例如,在NS113和LS115之间,SIP确认消息可能是不必要的。否则,如NS113和LS115之类的网络功能之间的消息传递可以采用标准SIP或者甚至是非SIP替代物。
系统100还包括操作支持系统(OSS)121来提供规定、计费和网络管理能力。OSS121可提供环境或接口、如基于万维网的接口,用于规定拨号计划、用户许可以及各特征如何代表各个用户操作的许多方面。许多这些方面经由OSS121通过改变系统100内的定位服务器或数据库内的信息来进行配置。可由OSS121配置的一些特定的特征包括遗传上下文(Centrex)特征,如无条件的呼叫转发、有条件的呼叫转发、呼叫阻塞和呼叫筛选。
可以配置的一个特征涉及到所谓的“找我”业务。“找我”日程表提供一种利用可能的目的地的列表为呼叫选择路由的机制,其中依次尝试每个目的地。“找我”列表可以指定为在一天的某个时间或者一周中的某天中运用,或者可以与呼叫号码的不同类别相关。此外,可以规定缺省“找我”列表,以便在更具体的“找我”列表无效时确定一般的处理。
“找我”列表中的可能目的地可以是与帐户简档相关的特定地址。例如,特定的蜂窝电话号码或有线电话号码可以是可能的目的地址。此外,如果用户在一个终端、如SIP电话上登记他们在场,则该终端的地址可以临时添加到“找我”列表中。
对于SIP电话简档,“找我”列表可包含用户简档中规定的特定的目的地址和/或对当前登记的地址的引用。对于企业网关简档后面的传统电话,“找我”列表可包含用户简档中规定的特定的目的地址和/或对用户的PBX电话的引用。“找我”列表特征可以在帐户创建期间对某个用户激活,然后由该用户更新。构成“找我”列表的条目可以对照用户拨号计划所用的特征阻塞列表来验证。用户简档具有链接来更新“找我”列表。特别是,系统100允许用户创建、读取、更新和删除可用来组成“找我”列表的潜在装置的详细目录。
OSS121提供收集和管理给LS115的客户“别名”的屏幕。别名可以与私人电话号码和/或URL地址相关。系统100允许用户创建、读取、更新和删除与私人电话号码和/或URL地址相关的别名。有效地址类型包括如下:私人的、公用的(E.164)和IP地址。
别名的输入和维护仅可由客户管理员(或帐户管理者)执行。客户管理员(或帐户管理者)还具有管理屏幕,以便通过别名管理屏幕来观看所有客户的别名。用户能够查看他们的别名列表,但是最好是没有权力来更新输入。为私人号码输入的别名作为公司拨号计划中包含的私人号码的一部分来验证。这种验证确保输入的私人号码归预订公司“拥有”。
被叫方的别名的处理是在LS115中执行的。一旦运用前缀规则,定位服务器115可以确定被叫方地址的类型,即私人的、E.164、本地的或者非电话号码的IP地址。然后参考定位服务器115中的用户ID表。如果被叫方出现在此表中,则有一个指针指向被叫方的简档记录。可以有多个别名指向相同的简档。
SIP电话可以拨打字母数字的URL。
对于端接到SIP电话的私人号码,为将呼叫引向SIP装置而建立别名。若基于INCP的私人号码仅可从系统100接通,则该号码所在的电话号码范围需要在INCP中规定,指向该客户所用的DAL网关105的TSID/TTG。如果私人电话号码可从3类网络以及系统100接通,则可能没有规定添加到INCP,从PSTN123到这些号码的呼叫将利用PSTN123来完成,不用到达系统100。
在示范实施例中,不允许个人用户管理他们自己的别名。因此,指定的管理员(客户管理员或服务提供商的管理员)需要代表用户执行此功能,从而防止欺诈行为。
在OSS121中,提供用户接口以支持经由SIP URL拨出的呼叫,该用户接口包括创建客户简档和管理别名的屏幕。可以使别名的输入和维护仅可供客户管理员(或帐户管理者)来使用。还为客户管理员(或帐户管理者)提供了管理屏幕,用以查看所有客户的别名,例如在NPA分路期间提供别名的管理。
当呼叫来自本地网关时,定位服务器115需要运用适当的前缀计划,然后为呼叫选择路由。完成这一点的最直接方法是建立指向正确简档的E.164别名。由于来自本地网关的呼叫作为完整的E.164号码到达,E.164号码的查找会找到正确的简档,从而将呼叫路由到适当的目的地。
呼叫处理网络把呼叫从PSTN123路由到系统100,呼入电话号码与装置或用户相关。这可以利用OSS屏幕来完成,OSS屏幕建立PBX电话118的简档,或者为SIP装置建立前缀计划和别名列表。通过别名列表,各个公共E.164号码可与一个简档相关。或者,建立前缀计划,将公共号码映射到私人号码。经由前缀计划的319.375.xxxx的呼入拨号串可以通过820.xxxx转换成私人号码;这每次转换一个大的码组。
SIP电话109允许用户登记和取消登记,或者从该电话“注册”和“注销”。在一个示范实施例中,为了提供移动性,SIP电话109允许为来访者输入用户名和密码。通过注册,把对来访者简档的呼入引向该电话。当来访者注册时,SIP电话109向网络服务器113和定位服务器115登记来访者。对电话所登记的任何简档的任何呼入可被引至该电话。网络服务器113和定位服务器115逻辑可采用通过确保允许登记的鉴权查询获得的名称和密码。网络服务器113和定位服务器115可类似地响应以下两种情况:用户作为来访者注册,或者用户到他们常用的家用装置(如果有的话)中注册。
关于E.164和DNS寻址,SIP电话109可支持ENUM(电子号码)业务,该业务被用来对IP域中或通过ENUM启用网络发出的呼叫进行路由。ENUM业务在IETF RFC2916中详细描述,称为“ENUM”。SIP电话109还可支持用于基于客户机的目录查找的LINCP。
图2是描述利用SIP协议建立会话的基本单元的典型交互作用的示意图。这些单元之间的通信通常是通过公共分组数据网、如图1中的分组网101来进行的。
在图2中,用户A210想要建立与用户B220的通信。用户B220可以在若干地址中任一个接通。这些地址或联络方式可对应于传统电话、IP电话、无线电话、寻呼机等。地址列表甚至可随着用户B四处移动而改变,并且在出现于各种终端装置222处时登记。通常在定位服务器240中或者在此处未说明的一些类型的到场登记中维护关于用户B的联络信息的当前信息。
为了开始联络,用户A210访问一个终端、即呼叫台212,并且指定用户B作为要找到的目标。特定的所需目标的这种表达可以采取拨打数字的形式或者采取从列表中选择用户名字或URL式地址的形式。在一些情况下,用户A还能够表达需要哪种类型的会话(视频、高质量、消息传送等)或者指定会话所需的质量等级。一旦在台212指定请求,形成描述该请求的SIP“邀请”消息并发送到代理服务器230。
代理服务器230通常将请求转发给定位服务器240,以便检索可找到用户B的一个或多个联络方式。如上所述,代理服务器230为了各种目的查询定位服务器240,比如调用简档控制的特征表现,获得关于用户B的最新已知定位信息。
定位服务器240分析请求并且以若干可行方式中的一种响应代理服务器230。如果不允许用户A与用户B联系,如果用户B的地址无法识别,或者如果用户B具有激活的特征、使得用户B无法被用户A找到,则定位服务器240可能不接受会话。
定位服务器240可以确定允许用户A与用户B联系,甚至可以找出可借以联络用户B的多个地址。如果是这样,定位服务器240返回一个SIP“300多个选择”消息,其中包含要尝试的联络方式的列表。
一旦接收这种响应,代理服务器230则开始尝试联络,看看是否可在任一对应终端222成功地找到用户B。这种“找我”功能通常从最近登记的位置开始依次执行,或者按照为用户B规定的特定顺序(先是电话,然后是寻呼机)执行。在一些配置中,可以设想,代理服务器230可并行地尝试所有联络方式。建立与终端222的联系的一种尝试包括向该终端发送SIP“邀请”,并且等待表明成功或失败的回复。
在图2中,用户B220表示成具有两个别名,即“5551234”和“user.b@ourcompany.com”。用户A210可通过“5551234”来标识用户B220,而从台214呼叫的另一个用户C216可以通过引用“user.b@ourcompany.com”来找到用户B220。根据本公开,这两种备选的引用均可找到用户B220。
图3描述可在系统100中存储和应用别名信息的方式。所示的别名表300包括别名映射记录。每个映射记录302还包括USERID字段304和用户ID(SUBID)字段306。别名表300用来将其中包含的每个USERID值映射到相应的SUBID值。要求USERID是别名表300中唯一的。SUBID值不必要是唯一的,因为系统100中可允许多个别名。这些USERID和SUBID值可通过OSS121规定活动来设置,或者可通过例如基于万维网的接口或SIP电话来用户配置。
所示的用户简档表320包括用户简档记录322。每个用户简档记录提供一组控制业务处理的值。这些值中不同的值可通过OSS121规定活动来设置,或者可以通过例如基于万维网的接口或SIP电话来用户配置。一些值可以提供对其它表、比如用户的当前登记位置的列表的索引。
用户简档表320中的每个记录表示系统100内唯一的用户简档,并且一般对应于各个用户。用户简档表320中的SUBID必须是唯一的。本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,SUBID可从例如唯一拨号计划标识符连同拨号计划中唯一的列表标识符的组合中导出。
拨号计划ID随特定企业客户而定,该客户的VPN具有其自己的拨号计划。拨号计划ID确保多个VPN可以共存,并且在系统100中充分地区分。例如,在属于公司A的专用网中拨打分机“2665205”的始呼方应当找到公司A内的预期目标,即使共享同一系统100的公司B刚好在其专用编码计划中也有“2665205”位置。
通常,通过别名来标识某一方的会话请求是以下列方式处理的。请求中提供的别名与别名表300的USERID字段中的值进行比较。如果找到其中USERID匹配所请求的一方标识符的记录,则使用该记录中的SUBID作为从用户简档表320中检索特定简档的索引。
应当指出,在图3的示例中,别名表300中表示的第一和第四记录具有相同的SUBID值。因此,USERID“”和“”都映射到由用户简档表320中的第三记录所表示的同一用户简档。因此,在此示例中,指出的用户简档具有两个别名。别名表300和用户简档表320中的值可由系统100中的定位服务器115来维护、或者可由其访问。
图4描述系统100可支持给定用户的多个别名的过程400。具体来说,根据最佳示范实施例,过程400在定位服务器115内执行,但是本领域的普通技术人员应当认识到在系统中有类似地支持别名的其它配置。
一旦从代理服务器113等收到路由请求,则过程在步骤402开始。如上所述,这种请求通常响应尝试发起会话的始呼方。在步骤404,从路由请求中提取目的USERID。路由请求通常包括多个字段,并且可能需要经过剖析以获得目的字段。例如,路由请求可以类似于SIP形式的“邀请”消息,消息的请求-URI部分中表达了预期目的地。
在步骤406,搜索别名表300以确定步骤404中导出的USERID是否刚好匹配表中任一USERID条目。如果是这样,则过程400在步骤408继续,利用别名表300来映射特定USERID302作为到SUBID304或用户ID的索引。
在步骤410,特定SUBID304则用作到用户简档表320中的索引。从用户简档表中可以获得影响对目标用户的业务处理的任何数量的参数和设置。如上所述,应当理解,SUBID可以是任何唯一标识符,比如拨号计划ID和该拨号计划内的唯一号码的串联。SUBID可以是唯一编号值。
接下来执行的步骤412指的是验证和筛选呼叫请求(如路由请求所表示的)的第一阶段。根据步骤410中访问的简档,确定是否允许始呼者发起所请求的会话。在步骤414,评估筛选的实际结果,以便决定是否可以尊重始呼者的会话请求。如果不能,则处理跳到步骤424,其中把“请求被拒绝”响应等发回提交了该路由请求的代理,并且过程400在步骤420终止。
另一方面,在步骤414,如果认为请求可接受,则处理继续到步骤416,其中,其它特征处理根据步骤410中获得的简档进行。这可包括呼叫转发、“找我”功能以及对目标方的最近登记的位置的检索。本领域的技术人员众所周知,这些特征的处理或者是众所周知的,或者只要不影响本论述,就可以以各种方式来完成,这里不必提供详细说明。结果可以是用于找到目标方的联络方式的列表。
在步骤418,步骤416的特征处理的结果以习惯的方式被发送到代理。众所周知,发回给代理的实际消息可以根据联络方式的数量或者结果的一些其它特性来区分。在发送此响应之后,过程400在步骤420终止。
返回到步骤406,如果在别名表中未找到USERID,则处理进行到步骤422,其中,关于是否允许呼叫的决定取决于本论述的范围之外的其它因素。例如,这允许适当处理用系统100之外的PSTN号码作出的呼叫。
图5说明一种计算机系统500,其中可以实现根据本发明的实施例。计算机系统500包括总线501或其它用于传递信息的通信机构,还包括与总线501连接、用于处理信息的处理器503。计算机系统500还包括主存储器505、如随机存取存储器(RAM)或其它动态存储装置,它们与总线501相连,用于存储信息和要由处理器503执行的指令。在要由处理器503执行的指令执行期间,主存储器505还可用来存储临时变量或其它中间信息。计算机系统500还包括只读存储器(ROM)507或其它静态存储装置,它们与总线501相连,用于存储静态信息和处理器503的指令。存储装置509(如磁盘或光盘)另外连接到总线501,用于存储信息和指令。
计算机系统500可经由总线501连接到显示器511,如阴极射线管(CRT)、液晶显示器、有源矩阵显示器或者等离子体显示器,用于向计算机用户显示信息。输入装置513(如包括字母数字键和其它键的键盘)连接到总线501,用于向处理器503传递信息和命令选择。另一类型的用户输入装置是光标控制器515,如鼠标、跟踪球或光标方向键,用于把方向信息和命令选择传递给处理器503,以及用于控制光标在显示器511上的移动。
根据本发明的一个实施例,SIP服务器功能性由计算机系统500提供,以响应处理器503执行主存储器505中包含的指令安排。这些指令可从另一计算机可读媒体、如存储装置509读入主存储器505。执行主存储器505中包含的指令安排使处理器503执行所述处理步骤。多处理配置中的一个或多个处理器还可用来执行主存储器505中包含的指令。在另一实施例中,硬连线电路可用来代替软件指令或与其组合,以便实现本发明的实施例。因此,本发明的实施例不限于硬件电路和软件的任何特定组合。
计算机系统500还包括与总线501相连的通信接口517。通信接口517提供双向数据通信,与连接到本地网521的网络链接519耦合。例如,通信接口517可以是数字用户线(DSL)卡或调制解调器、综合业务数字网(ISDN)卡、电缆调制解调器、或者电话调制解调器,用来提供与相应类型的电话线路的数据通信连接。作为另一示例,通信接口517可以是局域网(LAN)卡[例如,用于EthernetTM或异步转移模式(ATM)网],以便提供到兼容LAN的数据通信连接。也可以实现无线链接。在任一这种实现中,通信接口517发送和接收电信号、电磁信号或者光信号,这些信号携带表示各种类型信息的数字数据流。此外,通信接口517可包括外围接口装置、如通用串行总线(USB)接口、PCMCIA(个人计算机存储卡国际协会)接口、等等。虽然只表示了单个通信接口517,但是应当认识到,可以采用多个通信接口与不同的网络和装置通信。
网络链接519通常通过一个或多个网络提供与其它数据业务的数据通信。例如,网络链接519可通过本地网521提供到主机523的连接,主机523具有到网络525[例如广域网(WAN)或现在常称为“因特网”的全球分组数据通信网]或者服务提供商操作的数据设备的连接性。本地网521和网络525都采用电、电磁或光信号来传送信息和指令。通过各种网络的信号以及网络链接519上和通过通信接口517的信号与计算机系统500传递数字数据,它们是承载信息和指令的载波的示范形式。
计算机系统500可通过网络、网络链接519以及通信接口517发送消息和接收包括程序代码的数据。在因特网示例中,服务器(未示出)可通过网络525、本地网521以及通信接口517发送属于用来实现本发明实施例的应用程序的所请求代码。处理器504可以一边接收代码、一边执行所发送的代码和/或在存储装置509或其它非易失性存储器中存储代码,以供稍后执行。以这种方式,计算机系统500可以载波形式获得应用程序代码。
此处所用的术语“计算机可读媒体”指的是任何参与提供指令给处理器504以供执行的媒体。这种媒体可以采取许多形式,包括但不限于非易失性媒体、易失性媒体以及传输媒体。非易失性媒体包括例如光盘或磁盘,如存储装置509。易失性媒体包括动态存储器,如主存储器505。传输媒体包括同轴电缆、铜线和光纤,包括包含总线501的线路。传输媒体也可采用声波、光波或电磁波的形式,比如在射频(RF)和红外(IR)数据通信中产生的这些形式。计算机可读媒体的常见形式包括例如软盘、柔性碟、硬盘、磁带、任何其它磁媒体、CD-ROM、CDRW、DVD、任何其它光媒体、穿孔卡片、纸带、光标记片、带有孔或其它光可识别标记的图案的任何其它物理媒体、RAM、PROM以及EPROM、FLASH-EPROM、任何其它存储片或盒、载波、或者计算机可从中读取的任何其它媒体。
在提供指令给处理器执行时可能涉及到各种形式的计算机可读媒体。例如,最初可以在远程计算机的磁盘上带有用于执行本发明的至少一部分的指令。在这种情况下,远程计算机把指令装入主存储器并且利用调制解调器通过电话线发送指令。本地计算机系统的调制解调器在电话线上接收数据并且利用红外发射器将数据转换成红外信号,并且把红外信号发送到便携式计算装置,如个人数字助理(PDA)和膝上型电脑。便携式计算装置上的红外检测器接收由红外信号承载的信息和指令,并将数据放在总线上。总线将数据传送给主存储器,处理器从主存储器中读出并执行指令。主存储器所接收的指令可以在处理器执行之前或之后任选地存储在存储装置上。
虽然已经通过举例并结合多个实施例和实现来描述本发明,但是本发明不限于这类实施例。本领域的技术人员应当认识到,在可从以下权利要求中分析的本发明的精神和范围之内,许多实现是可行的。
Claims (4)
1.在通信系统中,一种用于控制与对方的通信会话的建立的方法,包括以下步骤:
接收指定所述对方的第一用户标识符号;
将所述第一用户标识符号映射到标识与所述对方对应的用户简档信息的索引;
利用所述索引访问所述用户简档信息;
根据与所述对方对应的所述用户简档信息来控制所述通信会话的建立。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于还包括以下步骤:
接收与所述第一用户标识符号不同的至少一个第二用户标识符号;以及
确定所述第二用户标识符号映射到与所述第一用户标识符号相同的索引。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述映射是通过参考一个列表来执行的,所述列表指明所述第一用户标识符号与所述索引相关。
4.如权利要求1-3中任何一项所述的方法,其特征在于还包括以下步骤:在所述列表中提供至少一个条目,用于建立所述第一用户标识符号与所述索引的关系。
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- 2002-03-20 CN CNA028100182A patent/CN1509443A/zh active Pending
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CN101002168B (zh) * | 2004-08-12 | 2010-08-11 | 思科技术公司 | 对网络中的别名进行检测的方法和系统 |
CN101185312B (zh) * | 2005-05-06 | 2013-02-06 | 艾利森电话股份有限公司 | Ip多媒体子系统(ims)中的装置 |
CN100361553C (zh) * | 2005-07-29 | 2008-01-09 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种无线终端用户标识保存方法与装置 |
CN102739691A (zh) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-17 | 微巨行动科技股份有限公司 | 数位连网装置的资讯内容管理系统、管理方法以及快速存取方法 |
CN109075999A (zh) * | 2016-03-07 | 2018-12-21 | T移动美国公司 | 多个装置和多线连接家庭和家庭监控 |
CN109147306A (zh) * | 2018-09-07 | 2019-01-04 | 迈普通信技术股份有限公司 | 网络设备的管理方法、设备及管理系统 |
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US20100138520A1 (en) | 2010-06-03 |
CA2441818A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
EP1384156A4 (en) | 2005-05-11 |
EP1384156A1 (en) | 2004-01-28 |
US7698433B2 (en) | 2010-04-13 |
US20020165969A1 (en) | 2002-11-07 |
BR0208228A (pt) | 2004-03-23 |
US8725806B2 (en) | 2014-05-13 |
WO2002075572A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
US20120016938A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
JP2004532452A (ja) | 2004-10-21 |
MXPA03008509A (es) | 2004-06-30 |
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