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CN1493451A - 管连接方法 - Google Patents

管连接方法 Download PDF

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CN1493451A
CN1493451A CNA031603033A CN03160303A CN1493451A CN 1493451 A CN1493451 A CN 1493451A CN A031603033 A CNA031603033 A CN A031603033A CN 03160303 A CN03160303 A CN 03160303A CN 1493451 A CN1493451 A CN 1493451A
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pipe
joint
plastic
laser
plastic part
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CN100475499C (zh
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S����лĬ
S·蒙谢默
R·格林
H·里斯
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Evonik Operations GmbH
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Degussa GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1677—Laser beams making use of an absorber or impact modifier
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1222—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a lapped joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1224—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5344—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B29C66/612—Making circumferential joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/02—Welded joints; Adhesive joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/16—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C65/1612—Infrared [IR] radiation, e.g. by infrared lasers
    • B29C65/1616—Near infrared radiation [NIR], e.g. by YAG lasers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
    • B29L2023/005—Hoses, i.e. flexible
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

塑料管与另一个塑料零件的连接方法，其中a)塑料管外层和另一个塑料零件外层对一定波长的激光基本不透过；b)塑料管和另一个塑料零件在端部都由用透过激光的塑料制造的另外的接头包封；c)通过激光束焊接将接头固定，产生的连接点即使在较高的温度也具有提高的拉出阻力和抗扭转性。相应的复合件特别用作机动车管道。

Description

管连接方法
本发明涉及将单层或多层管道连接在另一个塑料零件例如快速连接器上的方法。
其中管扩口安装在塑料零件上的管和塑料零件之间的连接是已知的。这涉及使管膨胀以接收塑料零件的管接头。然后，如果存在凹槽，则管支撑在管接头型面的凹槽上。该连接必须满足这样的要求，即尽可能不渗透和不漏，可承受高的拉出力并且抗扭转。特别在连接燃料管和快速连接器的情况下，使用“结合带(wedding band)”也是已知的。“结合带”在扩口之前推到管上面并在扩口过程中同样被扩大，这样额外的材料增加了把接头拉出来所需的力。
特别在机动车机舱中常常发生的高温情况下，扩口连接的性能变坏。拉出阻力和抗扭转性明显下降，这样在某些情况下不再能够保证连接的整体性。在其它应用，例如医学工程中，也必须保证连接的整体性和稳定性。
克服该问题的一种方案是例如通过高速热气焊，红外焊，电承插焊，或通过高频场把要连接的两个部件焊起来。通常，这些方法的一个缺点是需要复杂地固定待连接零件以避免在冷却期间内发生扭曲变形。特别是在壁厚小的情况下，通过这些传统的焊接技术难以获得牢固的焊接。
在DE-A-199 16 786中，描述了焊接至少两个由塑料组成的管和/或壳壁元件的方法，其中利用激光的作用将一个传导激光的塑料焊接到吸收激光束的塑料上。但是，该方法不适用于例如将燃料管焊接到快速连接器上。燃料管通常不传导激光，由于其通常由许多层组成并且包括例如用碳黑染色的外层，通过碳黑导电的阻挡层或内层。因此，快速连接器必须由传导激光的材料组成。但是，由于快速连接器内径通常为例如8毫米，将激光装置引入其内部通道是不可能的，所以必须将管推入到管接头内以使激光束能够从外侧穿过传导材料到达焊接点。但是，在这种情况下，不能保证管会保持尺寸稳定。如果发生弯曲，则不再可能获得无泄漏的连接。在任何情况下，快速连接器通常都是不传导激光的。
因此，本发明的目的在于通过激光焊接将一个管牢固地连接在另一个塑料零件上，即使待连接的两个零件都不透过激光。
该目的是通过把塑料管连接到另一个塑料零件上的方法实现的，其中塑料管外层和另一个塑料零件外层对于一定波长的激光基本上是不透的，并且塑料管和另一个塑料零件在端部都用由透过激光的塑料做的接头套上，然后通过激光束焊接把接头固定。如下面进一步描述的，这里包括下面两个通常的实施形式：
a)接头是一个套筒，其在连接点安装在塑料管和另一个塑料零件的端部，并随后通过激光焊接固定在这两者上，
b)接头同样是套筒形的，但已经预先例如通过压塑包封或喷射连接在另一个塑料零件上；然后，将其安装在塑料管端部外面并通过激光焊接固定在那里。
塑料管通常用于输送燃料，溶剂，油，燃气，作物保护剂或类似物。在一个优选实施例中，它是一个燃气输送管道或者机动车管道，特别是燃料管，冷却剂管，制动液管，液压流体管或挡风玻璃洗涤系统的管道。管可以是单层或多层的；目前一直到七层都是技术上可行的，多层构造是合理的，因为需要阻挡层阻挡燃料成分的渗透。功能层通常由基于聚酰或聚烯烃的模制成分组成，而阻挡层由基于例如聚酯，含氟聚合物或乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物的模制成分组成。如果存在抗静电内层，则其由通过添加导电成分如例如导电碳黑或石墨原纤维变得抗静电的模制成分组成。相应的管是现有技术的并在许多文献中有描述。它们可通过传统的挤压或共挤压借助管或盘精压或成型夹具(去除波纹管)来制造。吹塑，例如吸入式吹塑或通过型坯控制的吹塑也是已知的作为相应单层或多层管的生产方法。
要连接到管上的另一个塑料零件可以是例如快速连接器，支管，阀门，管用的盖或另一根管。零件具有至少一个管接头，该管接头用于连接到管上。该管接头可以是平滑，但也可以在外侧备有型面，如例如在快速连接器情况下的枞树型面或橄榄体型面。锐缘型面与平滑型面的组合，例如橄榄体型面和枞树型面，被证明特别有利于通过激光焊接进行连接。塑料零件通常由单种材料组成，但也可以由许多不同材料组成并例如通过多构件注塑法制造。材料也可以例如通过玻璃或碳纤维增强，也可以做成防静电的，为此同样考虑碳纤维，或者导电碳黑，石墨细纤维或任何其它合适的添加剂。
在另一个实施形式中，复合件是医用设备的一部分，其中一根管例如与一个血液袋、阀、连接件或支管连接。
用透过激光的塑料做的另外的接头以套筒形式包封在待连接点上。在第一个优选实施例中，为此利用了从现有技术中获知的“结合带”。它是一个由热塑材料做的套筒，即套在连接点上的管部分。在DE 41 27 039 A1中描述了相应的装置；将其称为“压力套筒”；连接是通过压连接器主体，即例如快速连接器实现的。在现有技术中，这试图增加拉出力并改善抗扭转性。根据本发明的优选实施例通过图1中的实例进行解释。管1已经安装在快速连接器3的管接头2上；与DE 41 27 039 A1不同，管1和快速连接器3的一部分被“结合带”4套上。后者通过一圈焊缝(图1中未示出)既连接在快速连接器3上也连接在管1上。
在第二优选实施例中，由透过激光的材料制造的接头直接通过双构件注塑法与另一个塑料零件模制在一起，这样只需要相对管进行一次焊接。
如通常使用的通过扩口连接快速连接器的情况一样，管可压套在塑料零件的管接头上；但是，如果管和塑料零件刚好平接在一起通常就足够了，不需要扩口工序。试验已经证明，与传统解决方案相比，这种连接的整体性和负载能力同样好，并且在热负荷情况下甚至更好。
接头由热塑材料组成，这种材料既与塑料管外表面的材料相容，又与另一个塑料零件外表面的材料相容，使得可获得足够牢固的焊接连接。对于该技术领域的普通技术人员来说，适当的材料组合是已知的。在最简单的情况下，两个外表面都由PA12模制成分组成；在这种情况下，有利的是接头由基于PA12同聚物或共聚物，PA1012或PA1212的模制成分组成，已知它们是与PA12相容的。接头是多层形式的实施例也是可能的，较厚的外层保证强度和对激光的透过性，较薄的内层不必同样透过激光，可以关于材料相容性进行优化。这样就可以例如用接头把具有PA12模制成分外表面的管和具有聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)模制成分外表面的另一个塑料零件连接起来，其中接头具有PA12厚外层和已经做成相容的PA12/PBT混合物薄内层，可以用根据现有技术的方法将内层做成相容的，例如通过PA12/PBT块状共聚物或通过聚乙烯亚胺/聚酰胺接枝共聚物。接头的内层可牢固地焊接在两个外层上。
如果塑料在使用的激光波长范围是透明或半透明的，则该塑料是可透过激光的。通常在给定的层厚(可取的是最大为5毫米)，纯聚合物或其混合物是足够透明或半透明的，即它们仅仅少量吸收。如果由于设计的需要，如从DE 199 60 104 A1中已知的，接头的模制成分可以通过至少两种染色剂的组合染色，以产生深色底色，必须使模制成分在使用的激光波长在红外线范围内透明或基本透明。
塑料管的外层和另一个塑料零件的外层通过这样的方法调整为对激光不透明，即在各个模制成分中添加吸收所使用的激光波长范围内激光的颗粒形添加剂，例如碳黑，硅酸钙或氧化铁。作为这种染色的替代方法，还可添加有机染料或紫外线吸收剂。
为应用激光焊接方法，传统的固体激光器，气体激光器或半导体激光器都是适合的。激光束的波长最好在400和2000纳米之间。
在焊接过程中，最好产生连续的一圈焊缝。如果对强度和整体性要求较高，可以直接彼此相邻地产生两个或多个焊缝。
根据本发明的方法产生的连接点即使在较高的温度也能具有提高的拉出阻力和抗扭转性能。用这种方法制造的复合零件同样也包括在本发明的范围内。

Claims (13)

1、把塑料管连接在另一个塑料零件上的方法，其中
a)塑料管外层和另一个塑料零件外层对一定波长的激光基本不透过；
b)塑料管和另一个塑料零件在端部都由用透过激光的塑料制造的另一个接头包封；
c)通过激光束焊接将接头固定。
2、根据权利要求1中所述的方法，其特征在于，塑料管是包括阻挡层和/或防静电内层的多层管。
3、根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，另一个塑料零件是一个快速连接器，一个支管，一个阀门或一个管用的盖。
4、根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述另一个塑料零件也是一根管。
5、根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，接头是一个套筒。
6、根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，接头通过至少一圈焊缝焊接到管和另一个塑料零件上。
7、根据权利要求1至5中所述的方法，其特征在于，用透过激光的材料制造的接头通过双构件注塑法与另一个塑料零件模制在一起，然后将管插入并通过至少一条焊缝将其固定在接头上。
8、根据权利要求1至5中所述的方法，其特征在于，用透过激光的材料制造的接头首先放置在供另一个塑料零件用的模具内，随后进行喷射或喷溅，然后将管插入并通过至少一条焊缝将其固定在接头上。
9、根据前述权利要求之一所述方法制造的复合件。
10、根据权利要求9中所述的复合件，其特征在于，它是一个机动车管道。
11、根据权利要求10中所述的复合件，其特征在于，它是燃料管，冷却剂管，制动液管，液压流体管或挡风玻璃洗涤系统的管道。
12、根据权利要求9所述的复合件，其特征在于，是一个燃气输送管道。
13、根据权利要求9所述的复合件，其特征在于，是一个医用设备的一部分。
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CN102765194B (zh) * 2006-04-06 2016-01-20 弗雷泽纽斯医疗保健德国有限公司 用于连接成形塑料体的激光透射焊接方法
CN102821931A (zh) * 2010-04-13 2012-12-12 赢创德固赛有限公司 柔性管及其制造方法
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CN104958816A (zh) * 2015-06-16 2015-10-07 东莞永胜医疗制品有限公司 小儿cpap持续气道正压通气系统及其压力发生器
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EP1403030A1 (de) 2004-03-31
US20040140668A1 (en) 2004-07-22
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ATE473857T1 (de) 2010-07-15
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AU2003248399A1 (en) 2004-04-22
BR0304241A (pt) 2004-09-08
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JP4503966B2 (ja) 2010-07-14
AR042425A1 (es) 2005-06-22
JP2004114689A (ja) 2004-04-15
DE50312880D1 (de) 2010-08-26
CA2442477A1 (en) 2004-03-27
CN100475499C (zh) 2009-04-08

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