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CN1490227A - 一种集装箱底板及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种集装箱底板及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1490227A
CN1490227A CNA031528414A CN03152841A CN1490227A CN 1490227 A CN1490227 A CN 1490227A CN A031528414 A CNA031528414 A CN A031528414A CN 03152841 A CN03152841 A CN 03152841A CN 1490227 A CN1490227 A CN 1490227A
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bamboo
wood
veneer
density
board
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CN1200860C (zh
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张齐生
罗伯特·威尔伍德
蒋身学
陈立衡
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Guizhou Xinjin Bamboo & Wood Products Co ltd
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Nanjing Forestry University
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Priority to US10/927,942 priority patent/US20050153150A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/14—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood board or veneer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
    • B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
    • B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/04—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/02—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising animal or vegetable substances, e.g. cork, bamboo, starch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/72—Density
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
    • B32B2419/04—Tiles for floors or walls
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

一种以竹材和速生木材为主要原料制造的集装箱底板及其制造方法，其特征是面层采用高密度竹材薄板，芯层材料采用木材单板和木质刨花板，或木材单板和竹帘，或木材单板，采用多次热压工艺复合为成品。本发明所提供的集装箱底板，可以充分发挥竹、木材料的特性，在各方面满足对集装箱底板所提出的各项机械、物理技术要求。

Description

一种集装箱底板及其制造方法
一、技术领域
本发明属木材工业中的人造板制造技术领域。
二、背景技术
集装箱底板是集装箱的主要承载配件，集装箱制造业要求底板具有很高的力学性能、精确的加工尺寸、良好的抗冲击性和耐老化性能。长期以来，集装箱制造业几乎全部依赖热带雨林中生长的高密度硬阔叶材制成的多层厚胶合板用作集装箱底板。由于高密度阔叶树种的生长周期很长，一般均需50年甚至更长，而人类的需求却日愈增加。为了保护世界生态环境，减少热带硬木资源的消耗，开发新型集装箱底板，拓宽底板用材来源，具有深远的现实意义。因此，国内仅已申请专利的有关集装箱底板的产品和技术就有20多项，其中比较主要的有：
CNZL 93115652.1《竹质集装箱底板的生产方法》——该法将竹材剖成等宽等厚的篾片，篾片平行排列成片，放入防腐剂与酚醛树脂的混合液中浸渍后叠层加压，所生产的竹质集装箱底板的防腐性能比较突出，但密度很大。
CNZL 93246369.X《多层竹木复合集装箱底板》——该复合集装箱底板是由木片、条、屑胶合的板或木质装饰板作面板，用竹材的片、条、块、编织、胶合成的板作芯板，再经定厚胶压后制成的集装箱专用底板。这种底板的面板可以钉钉子，其他性能在防潮防腐方面均比原柳安木板底板优越，而且生产成本大为下降，但机械、物理性能指标偏低。
CNZL 94114944.7《高强竹胶合板制造方法》——本法通过将原竹分部位锯断，剖竹，分层、整形生产成竹片后制成竹单板，涂胶后将竹单板纵横交叉组坯并热压成型。采用本发明的方法制得的高强竹胶合板密度很高。
CNZL 95239449.9《复合集装箱底板》——其特征是以低碳钢板、铝或铝合金板、各种工程塑料如硬或软质聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、ABS(丙烯腈、丁二烯、苯乙烯)、酚醛层压布或酚醛层压玻璃布为表层材料，以旋切木单板为芯层材料，应用胶粘剂通过一次或两次热压成型后制成。其机械、物理性能可利用表层板的材料或厚度变化来进行调节。由于这些材料自身所具有的特点，可满足某些场合下对集装箱底板材料的特殊要求，但制造成本偏高。
CNZL 96232232.6《纤维强化复合集装箱底板)》——该材料以多层旋切木单板或其它木、竹板材为芯层，且在芯层的外表面粘贴了合成纤维织物表层以强化其机械、物理性能，制造工艺比较复杂。
CNZL 98111153.X《一种集装箱底板及其制造方法》——该集装箱底板主要以密度较中等的木材(如马尾松、落叶松、花旗松等)为原料，经旋切、组坯、涂胶热压后制成压缩比达20％的坯板，经定厚加工后，上下两表面再各胶合一层2～3mm、用竹片材或竹席竹帘结合树脂浸渍纸的面层材料。
CNZL 98231841.3《竹质复合集装箱底板)》——本实用新型由上下表层及芯层三层结构组成，经施胶和防腐剂后铺装一次热压成型，其上下表层为顺纤维方向排列成的竹片，芯层为竹碎料。该集装箱底板要求的板材，其强度、密度等均较高，且竹材利用率高，成本低。
CNZL 01226523.3集装箱复合木底板——该集装箱复合木底板由芯层和面层构成，面层是由厚度为1.7mm的1～3层单板构成，芯层是由厚度为1.7mm或1.8mm的17～21层单板构成，每两层纵向单板之间为一横向单板。该集装箱底板的工艺和结构基本保持了原有集装箱底板的特点，木材消耗量仍然很大。
三、发明内容
本发明的目的是开发利用我国速生的人工林欧美杨或其他多种针、阔叶树种木材与竹材，经科学的结构设计与独特的加工方法，制成新型的复合集装箱底板。
本发明的技术解决方案为：
1.一种以竹材和速生木材为主要原料制造的集装箱底板，其特征是面层(1)
采用高密度竹材薄板；芯层材料采用木材单板和木质刨花板，或木材单板和竹帘，或木材单板。
2.一种以竹材和速生木材为主要原料制造集装箱底板的方法，其特征为：
a)将竹材加工成竹帘和用竹帘热压胶合制成的高密度竹材薄板；将木材加工成木质刨花板和单板；
b)以高密度竹材薄板作面层(1)；将高密度竹材薄板、木材单板、木质刨花板，或将高密度竹材薄板、木材单板、竹帘，或将高密度竹材薄板、木材单板，经涂胶、组坯后以较低的压力再次进行热压复合。即可得到密度、强度、弹性模量和表面质量等各项性能指标均达到国际集装箱工业标准的复合集装箱底板。
四、附图说明
图1为木材单板和木质刨花板芯层材料的复合集装箱底板结构示意图，图中面层(1)为高密度竹材薄板，(2)为纵向杨木或其他树种单板，(3)为木质刨花板；
图2为木材单板和竹帘为芯层材料的复合集装箱底板结构示意图，图中面层(1)为高密度竹材薄板，(2)为纵向木材单板，(3)为横向木材单板，(4)为横向竹帘；
图3为木材单板为芯层材料的复合集装箱底板结构示意图，图中面层(1)为高密度竹材薄板，(2)为纵向木材单板，(3)为横向木材单板。
五、具体实施方式
实施例一：
以竹材、杨木木质刨花板、杨木单板为原料制造集装箱底板。集装箱底板结构与制造方法如下(参照附图1)：
a.将竹子剖成竹篾，用棉线编织成竹帘；3～7层竹帘浸渍液态酚醛树脂胶，胶中加入常用配比的防虫剂，陈化或低温干燥后组坯，在温度为135～145℃，最高压力为4.0～4.5MPa的条件下加温加压6～10分钟，然后分段降压、排汽、卸压，或向热压板内通冷水，待热压板冷却到一定温度后卸压制成高密度竹材薄板，并涂布少量胶粘剂；
b.将杨木制成的木质刨花板，定厚砂光后作为芯层(3)；
c.将含水率≤8％、厚度为1.7～2.0mm左右的杨木单板双面涂胶(胶中加入一定比例的防虫剂)，涂胶量300～400g/m2，陈化或低温干燥；
d.以高密度竹材薄板为面层(1)、木质刨花板为芯层(3)、上下各1层杨木单板(2)铺设于两者之间进行组坯，在温度为1 35～145℃，压力为1.5～3.0MPa的条件下进行再次热压，保持10～18分钟，然后分段降压、排汽、卸压，或向热压板内通冷水，待热压板冷却到一定温度后卸压。
经常规后期加工后，即可得到成品集装箱底板，其物理、力学性能如下：
    MOR∥：≥80Mpa
    MOR⊥：≥30Mpa
    MOE∥：≥10000Mpa
    MOE⊥：≥3000Mpa
    密度：0.75～0.85g/cm3
实施例二：
以竹材、杨木单板为原料制造集装箱底板。集装箱底板结构与制造方法如下(参照附图2)：
a.竹帘和高密度竹材薄板的制作同实施例1.a；
b.将含水率≤8％、厚度为1.7～2.0mm左右的杨木单板双面涂胶(胶中加入一定比例的防虫剂)，涂胶量300～400g/m2，陈化或低温干燥；将竹帘浸胶，陈化或低温干燥；
c.用2层高密度竹材薄板作面层(1)，2层竹帘作加强层(4)，17层杨木单板作芯层，共21层组坯。在温度为135～145℃，压力为2.0～3.0MPa的条件下进行再次热压，保持35～40分钟，然后分段降压、排汽、卸压，或向热压板内通冷水，待热压板冷却到一定温度后卸压。
经常规后期加工后，即可得到成品集装箱底板，其物理、力学性能如下：
    MOR∥：≥80Mpa
    MOR⊥：≥30Mpa
    MOE∥：≥10000Mpa
    MOE⊥：≥3000Mpa
    密度：0.7～0.85g/cm3
实施例三：
以竹材、杨木或马尾松单板为原料制造集装箱底板。集装箱底板结构与制造方法如下(参照附图3)：
a.高密度竹材薄板的制作同实施例1.a；
b.将含水率≤8％、厚度为1.7～2.0mm左右的杨木或马尾松单板，双面涂胶(胶中加入一定比例的防虫剂)，涂胶量300～400g/m2，陈化或低温干燥；
c.用2层高密度竹材薄板作面层(1)，17层杨木或马尾松单板作芯层，共19层参照附图3的结构进行组坯。在温度为135～145℃，压力为2.0～3.0MPa的条件下进行再次热压，保持35～40分钟，然后分段降压、排汽、卸压，或向热压板内通冷水，待热压板冷却到一定温度后卸压。
经常规后期加工后，即可得到成品集装箱底板，其物理、力学性能如下：
    MOR∥：≥80Mpa
    MOR⊥：≥30Mpa
    MOE∥：≥10000Mpa
    MOE⊥：≥3000Mpa
    密度：0.7～0.85g/cm3
根据复合材料结构力学理论，对称层合板中各单层材料对弹性模量的贡献与它们本身的弹性模量和它们到中心面(1/2厚度处)距离的三次方成正比，也就是说，弹性模量大的单层材料离中心面越远发挥的作用越大。同时，层合板中心面附近则承受着最大的剪切应力。因此，本发明所提供的集装箱底板，可以充分发挥竹、木材料的特性，在各方面满足对集装箱底板所提出的各项机械、物理技术要求。

Claims (2)

1.一种以竹材和速生木材为主要原料制造的集装箱底板，其特征是面层(1)采用高密度竹材薄板；芯层材料采用木材单板和木质刨花板，或木材单板和竹帘，或木材单板。
2.一种以竹材和速生木材为主要原料制造集装箱底板的方法，其特征为：
a)将竹材加工成竹帘和用竹帘热压胶合制成的高密度竹材薄板；将木材加工成木质刨花板和单板；
b)以高密度竹材薄板作面层(1)；将高密度竹材薄板、木材单板、木质刨花板，或将高密度竹材薄板、木材单板、竹帘，或将高密度竹材薄板、木材单板，经涂胶、组坯后以较低的压力再次进行热压复合。
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