CN1473399A - Method and apparatus for providing reference signal from time division multiplexed data - Google Patents

Abstract

Techniques for generating a reference signal based on time-multiplexed pilot data. A modulated signal is received (FIG. 7) and processed to provide received samples, which are then further processed to provide pilot symbols. A reference signal is generated based on the available pilot symbols (722a, 722b). The reference signal comprises a sequence of 'predicted' pilot symbols representative of future estimates of one or more characteristics (e.g., the phase and amplitude) of one or more carrier signals used to generate the modulated signal (FIG's 5A-5E). The reference signal can be generated using a number of techniques. For example, the reference signal can be generated by (e.g., linearly) extrapolating pilot symbols from prior time intervals (FIG. 5B), curve fitting the pilot symbols (FIG. 5C), or (normal or ensemble) averaging (unweighted or weighted) pilot symbols (FIG's 5D, 5E). For the W-CDMA standard, the processing to generate the pilot symbols typically includes decovering the received samples with a channelization code to provide channelized symbols (720a, 720b), and multiplying the channelized symbols with a particular pilot symbol pattern. The pilot symbols from each slot may also be filtered to generate one or more filtered pilot symbols.

Description

The method and apparatus of reference signal is provided from time-multiplexed pilot data

Background of invention

I. invention field

The present invention relates to data communication.More particularly, the present invention relates to the method and apparatus that a kind of novelty of reference signal is provided and improved from time-multiplexed (TDM) pilot data.

II. description of Related Art

Support a kind of Modern Communication System of various application needs.A kind of such system supports the speech between the user and code division multiple access (CDMA) system of data communication on the terrestrial links.U.S. Patent number 4901307, be entitled as " SPREAD SPECTRUM MULTIPLE ACCESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM USING SATELLITEOR TERRESTRIAL REPEATERS " and U.S. Patent number 5103459, be entitled as in the patent of " SYSTEM AND METHODFOR GENERATING WAVEFORMS IN A CDMA CELLULAR TELEPHONE SYSTEM " and disclosed the use of CDMA technology in the multi-address communication system, these two patents all are transferred to assignee of the present invention and incorporated herein by reference.

Cdma system generally is designed to defer to one or more standards.A kind of such first generation standard is " TIA/EIA/IS-95 Terminal-Base Station Compatibility Standard forDual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular System ", is called as the IS-95 standard and is incorporated into this by reference in down being.The IS-95 cdma system can send voice data and (though efficient is not high) grouped data.By name " 3 ^RdGeneration Partnership Project " (3GPP) association proposed the standard that can effectively send grouped data of a new generation and in the disclosed one group of file that comprises document number 3G TS 25.211,3G TS 25.212,3G TS 25.213 and 3G TS 25.214 it specialized the public.The 3GPP standard is hereinafter referred to as W-CDMA standard and incorporated herein by reference.

The W-CDMA standard definition a kind of channel architecture that can support many users and design for effective transmission of grouped data.According to the W-CDMA standard, the user of end the duration calling out down link and up link on generally be assigned with " special use " channel.Down link is meant the transmission from the base station to the terminal, and up link is meant the transmission from terminal to base station.Dedicated channel can be used to Speech Communication and also can be used to transmission of packet data.

According to the W-CDMA standard, dedicated channel has the Time Division Multiplexing structure that transfer of data wherein is divided into radio frame, and the duration of each radio frame is 10 milliseconds and comprises 15 time slots.Each time slot further is divided into some fields that are used to transmit grouped data and other information.For example, a field in each time slot is used to the pilot data relevant with specific dedicated channel, and the one or more fields in each time slot are used to grouped data, and other field can be used to signaling message.At the transmitter unit place, grouping, signaling and pilot data are used to modulate the carrier signal of homophase and quadrature.

At the receiver place, time-multiplexed pilot data is processed and be used to produce and have " reference " signal that phase place and amplitude approach to receive the phase place and the amplitude of (quadrature) carrier signal.This reference signal then is used to received signal is carried out coherent demodulation to recover grouping and signaling data.Pilot data can only be used for the sub-fraction of each time slot, and to wherein there not being the time period estimation reference signal of pilot data.

Reference signal generally produces at the receiver place with periodically the pilot data of a bit of time occurring.The accuracy of the reference signal that is produced directly influences the performance of demodulating process, and has determined the performance of communication system.In addition,, then can carry out demodulation in real time, thereby reduce or eliminate necessity that temporary transient storage receives data if reference signal is " predictable ".

Therefore, it is very desirable being used to according to the technology that accurately also produces reference signal such as the used time-multiplexed pilot data of the dedicated channel in the W-CDMA system effectively.

Abstract of invention

The invention provides the generation representative and in communication system, produce the phase place of the used carrier signal of modulated signal and the technology of estimating the reference signal of (that is prediction) future of amplitude.Each reference signal is all according to the current available pilot signal time slot of front (for example, from) and produce.

One aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method that produces reference signal according to time-multiplexed pilot signal.According to this method, modulated signal is received and is processed to provide the reception that then is further processed so that pilot frequency code element to be provided to sample.Reference signal produces according to available pilot frequency code element.Reference signal comprises " prediction " pilot frequency code element that estimate the future of one or more characteristics (for example, phase place and amplitude) of one or more carrier signals that a succession of representative generation modulated signal is used.Reference signal can produce with some technology.For example, reference signal can by from (as, linearly) average (not weighting or the weighting) pilot frequency code element of the pilot frequency code element of extrapolation front time slot, curve fit pilot frequency code element, (normal state or general collection) or some other technology produce.

Another aspect of the present invention provides the receiver unit that can be used to handle the physical channel in the cdma communication system.This receiver unit comprises a receiver and at least one demodulator element.Receiver receives and handles modulated signal, and the sampling of reception of the data that send on the expression physical channel is provided.Each demodulator element comprises data processing unit and pilot tone processing unit.Data processing unit is handled and has been received sampling so that the channelizing code element to be provided.Pilot tone processing unit processes channelizing code element to be producing pilot frequency code element, and also produces reference signal according to available pilot frequency code element.This reference signal comprises that a succession of representative is used to produce the pilot frequency code element of the prediction of estimating in future of one or more characteristics of the used one or more carrier signals of modulated signal (for example, phase place and amplitude).Reference signal can and use extrapolation, curve fit, average, weighted average, ensemble average or other technology to produce according to available pilot frequency code element.

Various aspect of the present invention, embodiment and feature will be described in further detail below.

Brief description of the drawings

The detailed description that proposes below consider in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is more obvious that feature of the present invention, character and advantage will become.Identical reference symbol is represented corresponding element in the accompanying drawing, wherein:

Fig. 1 is the figure that supports some users' spread spectrum communication system;

Fig. 2 is the simplified block diagram of embodiment of the signal processing of downlink physical channel;

Fig. 3 is the block diagram of support by modulator, transmitter and the antenna of the transmission of the downlink physical channel of one or more antenna;

Fig. 4 A is as the frame format of the DPCH of W-CDMA standard definition and time slot format figure;

Fig. 4 B is the figure of the part particular data transmission on the DPCH;

Fig. 5 A illustrates the figure that uses interpolation, extrapolation, curve fit, weighted average and ensemble average to produce reference signal respectively to 5E;

Fig. 6 can be used to receive the also block diagram of the embodiment of the part of the receiver unit of demodulation physical channel; And

Fig. 7 is the block diagram of embodiment of finger element that can be used to realize a finger element of thunder gram (RAKE) receiver shown in Fig. 6.

The detailed description of specific embodiment

Fig. 1 is the figure that supports some users' spread spectrum communication system 100.System 100 provides communication for a plurality of sub-district 102a to 102g, and each sub-district 102 is by relevant base station 104 services.Various terminals 106 are dispersed throughout whole system.In one embodiment, whether each terminal 106 is in soft handover according to this terminal and communicates with one or more base stations on down link and up link in any given time.System 100 can be designed to support one or more CDMA standards, such as IS-95 standard, W-CDMA standard, other standard or their combination.

As shown in Figure 1, base station 104a sends to terminal 106a and 106j to data on down link, and base station 104b sends to terminal 106b and 106j to data, and base station 104c sends to terminal 106c to data, and the rest may be inferred.In Fig. 1, the solid line of band arrow is represented the transmission from the base station to the terminal.The dotted line of band arrow represents that terminal is receiving pilot signal from the base station, but does not have specific user's transfer of data.In order to simplify uplink communication not shown in Figure 1.

In the transmission mode in some W-CDMA standard, for some the physical channel type such as downlink dedicated physical channels (DPCH), terminal can receive a plurality of transmission from many antennas of single base station.As shown in Figure 1, terminal 106a receives a plurality of transmission from base station 104a, and terminal 106d receives a plurality of transmission from base station 104d, and terminal 106f receives a plurality of transmission from base station 104f.

Fig. 2 is the simplified block diagram of embodiment of the signal processing of downlink physical channel.At the transmitter unit place, data generally are sent to encoder 214 with block form from data source 212.Encoder 214 is carried out some functions according to specific CDMA system that is implemented or standard.This encoding function generally comprises with necessary control field, CRC (CRC) bit and sign indicating number tail bit and formats each packet.Encoder 214 is encoded through formative grouping to one or more with specific encoding scheme then, carries out the rate-matched (for example, repeating or clip code element) of encoded grouping, and to the code element in dividing into groups interweave (or rearrangement).For the W-CDMA standard, the data through interweaving then be segmented into radio frame, further be segmented into physical channel, be interleaved and be mapped to then one or more physical channel.The processing of carrying out for downlink physical channel has been described in further detail in the W-CDMA standard (for example, document number 3G TS 25-212), and the processing of carrying out for forward link traffic channel has been described in further detail in the IS-95 standard.

Defer to the particular frame format that defines into this physical channel for each physical channel channel appointed data.The channel data of special-purpose physical channel comprises grouped data, signaling data, pilot data or their combination in the W-CDMA standard, and the frame format of DPCH has been described in further detail below.

The channel data of each physical channel all is provided for modulator (MOD) 216 and can carries out scramble, cover and expand with extended code (for example, PN sign indicating number) with channelization code with scrambling sequence (for the IS-95 system).The expansion of carrying out with extended code is called as " scramble " in the W-CDMA standard.Channelization code can be orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) sign indicating number (for the W-CDMA system), Walsh sign indicating number (for the IS-95CDMA system) or some other orthogonal coding, and this also is to depend on specific CDMA system or the standard of being implemented.Growth data then is provided for transmitter (TMTR) 218 and by quadrature modulation, filtering and be exaggerated to produce one or more down link signals.Down link signal is issued from one or more antenna 220 by broadcasting.With IS-95 and W-CDMA standard the down link processing has been described in further detail below.

At the receiver unit place, down link signal is received and is routed to receiver (RCVR) 232 by antenna 230.232 pairs of received signals of receiver carry out filtering, amplification, (quadrature) demodulation, sampling and quantification.Through digitized sampling then be provided for demodulator (DEMOD) 234 and spend extended coding go the expansion (or going scramble) and, just carrying out channelizing with channelization code for every at processed physical channel.For the IS-95 cdma system, after channelizing, spend scrambling encode scramble is gone in the sampling of going to expand.The channelization code that the receiver unit place makes and spend expansion, goes scramble and channelization code to be used corresponding to the transmitter unit place.Then be provided for the decoder 236 (for example, deinterleave, decoding and CRC check function) of the function of carrying out the functions reversed of carrying out with encoder 214 places through demodulated data.Data through decoding then are provided for data sink 238.

Controller 240 can be controlled the operation of demodulator 234 and decoder 236.Memory cell 242 is coupled to demodulator 234 (shown in dotted line, as also may to be coupled to controller 240), and can be used to store intermediate object program or data from demodulator 234 under some mode of operation.

As mentioned above, the transmission of grouped data, message, speech, video and other communication type on the hardware supports down link.Two-way communication system is also supported the ul transmissions from terminal to base station.Yet, in order to simplify uplink processing not shown in Figure 2.

Fig. 3 is the block diagram of supporting on the down link through modulator 300, transmitter 302 and the antenna 304 of the transmission of the physical channel of one or two antenna.Processing unit shown in Fig. 3 can be used to support the wherein transfer of data by the W-CDMA standard definition occur on the antenna " do not have and send diversity " pattern and wherein data occur in " transmission diversity " pattern on two antennas.Send diversity mode and in the W-CDMA standard, be also referred to as " space time block encoding transmitting antenna diversity " (STTD) pattern.

The data of physical channel (that is channel data) are provided for to every velamen is used for the antenna of transmitting channel data and produce the STTD encoder of STTD coded data.Application No. is 09/655609, be entitled as the operation of describing STTD encoder 310 in the application of " METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING A PHYSICAL CHANNEL WITH PARTIALTRANSPORT FORMAT INFORMATION " in detail, and this application and the application are open on the same day and be transferred to assignee of the present invention and incorporated herein by reference.The STTD coded data of every antenna all is provided for corresponding channelizer 320, and it comes " covering " data to produce " channelizing " data with the channelization code that is assigned to this physical channel.In the W-CDMA system, identical channelization code is used to two antennas under the STTD pattern.

In channelizer 320, the STTD coded data is provided for the I/Q demultiplexer (DEMUX) 322 that data multiplex is resolved into homophase (I) and quadrature (Q) data.I data and Q data are provided for corresponding multiplier 324a and 324b and use the channelization code C that distributes to this physical channel _dCover (that is, multiplying each other).Multiplier 324a and 324b cover with channelization code in the mode similar to the covering carried out with the Walsh sign indicating number in the IS-95 cdma system.IS-95 and W-CDMA standard and the above-mentioned and disclosed on the same day U. S. application sequence number of the application are in 09/655609 the application channelizing to be described in further detail.

For the IS-95CDMA system, regular length is that the Walsh sign indicating number of 64 chips is used to cover traffic channel, and wherein every traffic channel (for example ,≤32Kbps) has variable but limited data rate.For the W-CDMA system, the ovsf code that has variable-length is used to cover traffic channel.The length of ovsf code changes and depends on the data rate of physical channel between 4 to 512 chips.W-CDMA standard and the above-mentioned and disclosed on the same day U. S. application sequence number of the application are in 09/655609 the application ovsf code to be described in further detail.

The Q data through covering from multiplier 324b are provided for multiplier 326 and multiply by the imaginary part that produces channelized data mutually with complex symbol j.From the real part of multiplier 324a and from the imaginary part of multiplier 326 by adder 328 combinations so that the complex channel data to be provided.The channelized data of every antenna is then carried out scramble (that is expansion) and is carried out convergent-divergent by multiplier 330 usefulness weight factor G by the plural scrambling code PN of multiplier 328 usefulness.Weight factor G is used to regulate the transmitted power of physical channel.Comprise the handled data of physical channel from multiplier 332b through scramble with through the data of weighting.

The every handled channel data of antenna is provided for corresponding combiner 334, and this combiner 334 also receives the handled data that are used for other physical channel that are sent out from this antenna.Each combiner 334 is combined as the handled channel data of physical channel reception and produces the dateout of associated antenna.The complex data of every antenna further multiplies each other with complex weight factor W by multiplier 336.As defined in the W-CDMA standard, phase adjusted and the phase/amplitude in the closed loop mode 2 that weight factor is used in the closed loop mode 1 are regulated. Closed loop mode 1 and 2 is both mode of operations of STTD pattern.

Data from each multiplier 336 are provided for corresponding transmitter 302, and it becomes data transaction the RF modulated signal that then is issued from corresponding antenna 304.

Fig. 4 A is as the frame format of the DPCH of W-CDMA standard definition and time slot format figure.Generally speaking, by the W-CDMA standard every type physical channel as downlink dedicated channel (DPCH), downlink sharied signal channel (DSCH) has been defined different frame formats.The data that will send on each physical channel are divided into radio frame, and wherein each radio frame comprises and is marked as time slot 0 15 time slots to time slot 14.Each time slot further is divided into the one or more fields that are used to carry grouping, signaling and pilot data or their combination.

Shown in Fig. 4 A, for DPCH, time slot 410 comprises first data (data 1) field 420a, second data (data 2) field 420b, transmission power control (TPC) field 422, transformat combination indication (TFCI) field 424 and pilot field 426. Data field 420a and 420b are utilized for DPCH and send grouped data.Transmission power control field 422 is used to transmission power control information and comes the receiver control unit that its transmitted power on up link is heightened or turned down so that disturbing the performance that hour realizes expectation.Transformat combination indication field 424 is used to send the form (for example, bit rate, channelization code or the like) of the expression shared physical channel relevant with DPCH.Pilot field 426 is used to DPCH to send pilot data.

Table 1 is listed by W-CDMA standard V3.1.1 version some time slot formats to the DPCH definition.Each time slot format in the table 1 has defined the length of each field in the time slot (is unit with bit number).As shown in table 1, the bit rate of DPCH can also correspondingly change at the bit number in (for example, from 15Kbps to 1920Kbps) change and each time slot between the value of certain limit.Can omit (that is length=0) above-mentioned one or more fields for some time slot formats.

Table 1

Time slot format	Channel bit rate (Kbps)	Total bit/time slot	Bit/time slot
								??N Data 1	??N Data 2	??N TPC	??N TFCI	??N Pilot tone
			????0	????15	????10	????0	????4						????2	????0	????4
????1	????15	????10						????0	????2	????2	????2	????4
			????2	????30	????20	????2	????14						????2	????0	????2
????3	????30	????20						????2	????12	????2	????2	????2
			????4	????30	????20	????2	????12						????2	????0	????4
????5	????30	????20						????2	????10	????2	????2	????4
			????6	????30	????20	????2	????8						????2	????0	????8
????7	????30	????20						????2	????6	????2	????2	????8
			????8	????60	????40	????6	????28						????2	????0	????4
????9	????60	????50						????6	????26	????2	????2	????4
			????10	????60	????60	????6	????24						????2	????0	????8
????11	????60	????70						????6	????22	????2	????2	????8
			????12	????120	????80	????12	????48						????4	????8	????8
????13	????240	????160						????28	????112	????4	????8	????8
			????14	????480	????320	????56	????232						????8	????8	????16
????15	????960	????640						????120	????488	????8	????8	????16
			????16	????1920	????1280	????248	????992						????6	????16	????16

According to the W-CDMA standard, every DPCH is relevant with the pilot frequency information of himself.The dedicated pilot support is used to data to send to provide the wave beam of the directivity of having improved to form, and this has improved performance and has reduced interference.The phase place of modulated signal can (and general) change to the signal of another wave beam formation from the signal that a wave beam forms.Therefore, every DPCH all has the pilot tone of self.

Define as the W-CDMA standard, the pilot data of each time slot comprises specific symbol pattern (that is defined complex symbol sequence).At the transmitter unit place, pilot data is used to modulate the carrier signal of homophase and quadrature.Because pilot data has known pattern, so receiver unit can be handled received signal, recovers pilot data and estimate the phase place and the amplitude of reception carrier signal.Thereby pilot data can be used to produce " reference " signal at the receiver unit place, and it then is used to coherent demodulation is carried out in grouping that sends on the DPCH and signaling data.Reference signal also can be used to carrying out coherent demodulation such as other physical channel of sharing physical channel.

It is the pilot code element mode of no diversity antenna definition that table 2 is listed by the W-CDMA standard.Reference table 1, pilot field can have from 2 bits to one of four kinds of different lengths 16 bits.Equally, according to the W-CDMA standard, different pilot code element modes is used to each of 15 time slots of particular radio frame.Therefore, four groups of patterns with 15 pilot frequency code elements are defined and shown in the table 2.Each pilot code element mode comprises 1,2,4 or 8 complex symbol that is used at transmitter place modulation homophase and quadrature carrier signal.

Table 2

	??N Pilot tone??＝2	?????N Pilot tone＝4		?????????????????N Pilot tone＝8				????????????????????????????????????N Pilot tone＝16
																Code element →	????0	????0	????1	????0	????1	????2	????3	????0	????1	????2	????3	????4	????5	????6	????7
Time slot 0	????11	????11	????11	????11	????11	????11	????10	????11	????11	????11	????10	????11	????11	????11	????10
																????1	????00	????11	????00	????11	????00	????11	????10	????11	????00	????11	????10	????11	????11	????11	????00
????2	????01	????11	????01	????11	????01	????11	????01	????11	????01	????11	????01	????11	????10	????11	????00
																????3	????00	????11	????00	????11	????00	????11	????00	????11	????00	????11	????00	????11	????01	????11	????10
????4	????10	????11	????10	????11	????10	????11	????01	????11	????10	????11	????01	????11	????11	????11	????11
																????5	????11	????11	????11	????11	????11	????11	????10	????11	????11	????11	????10	????11	????01	????11	????01
????6	????11	????11	????11	????11	????11	????11	????00	????11	????11	????11	????00	????11	????10	????11	????11
																????7	????10	????11	????10	????11	????10	????11	????00	????11	????10	????11	????00	????11	????10	????11	????00
????8	????01	????11	????01	????11	????01	????11	????10	????11	????01	????11	????10	????11	????00	????11	????11
																????9	????11	????11	????11	????11	????11	????11	????11	????11	????11	????11	????11	????11	????00	????11	????11
????10	????01	????11	????01	????11	????01	????11	????01	????11	????01	????11	????01	????11	????11	????11	????10
																????11	????10	????11	????10	????11	????10	????11	????11	????11	????10	????11	????11	????11	????00	????11	????10
????12	????10	????11	????10	????11	????10	????11	????00	????11	????10	????11	????00	????11	????01	????11	????01
																????13	????00	????11	????00	????11	????00	????11	????11	????11	????00	????11	????11	????11	????00	????11	????00
????14	????00	????11	????00	????11	????00	????11	????11	????11	????00	????11	????11	????11	????10	????11	????01

The W-CDMA standard definition two kinds of STTD mode of operations.In closed loop mode 1, the orthogonal guide frequency symbol pattern is used to two transmitting antennas.Pilot code element mode shown in the table 2 is used to first (no diversity) antenna, and the pilot frequency code element structure shown in the table 3 is used to second (diversity) antenna.In closed loop mode 2, the pilot code element mode shown in the table 2 is used to two antennas.

Table 3

	??N Pilot tone??＝2	????N Pilot tone＝4		???????????????N Pilot tone＝8				??????????????????????????????????N Pilot tone＝16
																Code element →	????0	????0	????1	????0	????1	????2	????3	????0	????1	????2	????3	????4	????5	????6	????7
Time slot 0	????01	????01	????10	????11	????00	????00	????10	????11	????00	????00	????10	????11	????00	????00	????10
																????1	????10	????10	????10	????11	????00	????00	????01	????11	????00	????00	????01	????11	????10	????00	????10
????2	????11	????11	????10	????11	????11	????00	????00	????11	????11	????00	????00	????11	????10	????00	????11
																????3	????10	????10	????10	????11	????10	????00	????01	????11	????10	????00	????01	????11	????00	????00	????00
????4	????00	????00	????10	????11	????11	????00	????11	????11	????11	????00	????11	????11	????01	????00	????10
																????5	????01	????01	????10	????11	????00	????00	????10	????11	????00	????00	????10	????11	????11	????00	????00
????6	????01	????01	????10	????11	????10	????00	????10	????11	????10	????00	????10	????11	????01	????00	????11
																????7	????00	????00	????10	????11	????10	????00	????11	????11	????10	????00	????11	????11	????10	????00	????11
????8	????11	????11	????10	????11	????00	????00	????00	????11	????00	????00	????00	????11	????01	????00	????01
																????9	????01	????01	????10	????11	????01	????00	????10	????11	????01	????00	????10	????11	????01	????00	????01
????10	????11	????11	????10	????11	????11	????00	????00	????11	????11	????00	????00	????11	????00	????00	????10
																????11	????00	????00	????10	????11	????01	????00	????11	????11	????01	????00	????11	????11	????00	????00	????01
????12	????00	????00	????10	????11	????10	????00	????11	????11	????10	????00	????11	????11	????11	????00	????00
																????13	????10	????10	????10	????11	????01	????00	????01	????11	????01	????00	????01	????11	????10	????00	????01
????14	????10	????10	????10	????11	????01	????00	????01	????11	????01	????00	????01	????11	????11	????00	????11

At the transmitter unit place, the data bit in data 1, TPC, TFCI, data 2 and the pilot field is to being grouped into the complex symbol that then is used to modulate homophase and quadrature carrier signal.Because pilot data has known symbol pattern, so receiver unit can be handled this pilot data and determine the phase place and the amplitude of reception carrier signal during the effective time interval of pilot data.Pilot data is time-multiplexed and does not exist between grouping and signaling data transmission period.Yet, need these periods the phase place of carrier signal and amplitude to come the data in data 1, data 2, TPC and the TFCI field are carried out coherent demodulation.

Fig. 4 B is the figure of the particular data transmission on DPCH top.Some time slots are illustrated, and wherein each time slot comprises combination, TPC field 422, TFCI field 424 and the pilot field 426 of data field 420a and 420b.Designed to 426e as the pilot field 426a among Fig. 4 B, pilot data is sent out when each time slot finishes.Pilot data in the pilot field 426 is used to produce and then is used to the grouping that the demodulation pilot frequency interfield sends and the reference signal of signaling data.

Several Methods can be used to carrying out coherent demodulation with time-multiplexed grouping of pilot data and signaling data.In some method, the pilot data P of current time slots (i) (when time slot finishes, being sent out in the W-CDMA system) be received and processed (use old pilot data) with the generation reference signal before, the grouping and the signaling data of current time slots (i) are stored temporarily.The grouping of current time slots and signaling data then use the reference signal that is produced to be reproduced and by demodulation.For these methods, the pilot data P (i) of current time slots (i) is used to produce the phase place of carrier signal and " past " of amplitude is estimated, and these data needed to be stored before pilot data is received and handles temporarily.

In some other method, the pilot data P (i-1) of last time slot (i-1) processed (generally with last pilot data, for example, P (i-2)) then is used to the grouping that sends in the demodulation current time slots (i) and the reference signal of signaling data to produce.For these methods, the pilot data in the time slot of front is used to produce the phase place of carrier signal and " in the future " of amplitude estimated.These methods allow the real-time processing of received signal in current time slots (i), and can significantly reduce maybe and may eliminate call data storage.Following describing in further detail can produce the phase place of carrier signal and estimate the future of amplitude with various technology.

Fig. 5 A is that explanation uses interpolation to produce the figure of reference signal.Interpolation is used to produce the phase place of reception carrier signal and " past " of amplitude is estimated. Pilot data 510a and 510b at time slot (i) and (i-1) locate to be received respectively and are processed so that phase place and the amplitude (shown in dotted line 520) that the pilot data 510a that received and the time period between 510b are produced reference signal.Before pilot data 510a was received and is processed, grouping that receives between pilot data 510a and 510b and signaling data were stored provisionally.The storage data then use the reference signal that is produced to reappear and demodulation.This method needed one or more time slots of stores packets and signaling data before pilot data 510a is received and is processed when time slot (i) finishes.

Fig. 5 B is that explanation uses extrapolation to produce the figure of reference signal.Extrapolation can be used to produce the phase place of reception carrier signal and " in the future " of amplitude estimated. Pilot data 510b and 510c at time slot (i-1) and (i-2) locate to be received respectively and are processed so that to the time period behind the pilot data 510b, between the pilot data that pilot data 510b that locates as time slot (i-1) and time slot (i) are located, produce the phase place and the amplitude (shown in dotted line 522) of reference signal.Received grouping and signaling data can roughly carry out demodulation in real time with the reference signal that is produced after pilot data 510b.This method can reduce or eliminate the memory requirement of grouping and signaling data.

Fig. 5 C is that explanation uses curve fit to produce the figure of reference signal.Curve fit is used to produce the past of the phase place of reception carrier signal and amplitude and/or estimates in the future.Shown in Fig. 5 C, pilot data 510b, 510c and 510d locate to be received and handle so that produced the phase place and the amplitude (shown in dotted line 524) of reference signal the time period after the pilot data 510b with curve fitting technique at time slot (i-1), (i-2) with (i-3) respectively.This curve fitting technique can be linear regression algorithm, nonlinear regression algorithm or any curve fitting algorithm known in the art.Linear regression algorithm makes square minimum that receives the vertical some distance between pilot data and curve.The pilot data (that is,＜〉3 of less or a greater number) can be used to curve fit.Grouping after the pilot data 510b and signaling data can use the reference signal that produced roughly in real time by demodulation.

Fig. 5 D is that explanation uses weighted average to produce the figure of reference signal.Weighted average can be separately or is used in combination the past of the phase place that produces reception carrier signal and amplitude with one or more other technology and/or estimates in the future.Pilot data 510b, 510c and 510d at time slot (i-1), (i-2) and (i-3) locate to be received and use respectively one group of weighted factor D respectively ₁, D ₂And D ₃Come weighting so that produced the phase place and the amplitude (shown in dotted line 526) of reference signal the time period after the pilot data 510b.Weighted factor can selectedly make nearest pilot data weight higher and make pilot data weight early lower.For example, can be to the pilot data exponential weighting so that time slot (i-1), (i-2) and the pilot data 510b, the 510c that (i-3) locate and 510d come weighting by weight factor 0.5,0.25 and 0.125 respectively.Can use extrapolation, curve fit or other averaging to produce pilot signal according to pilot data then through weighting.Grouping and signaling data after the pilot data 510b can be shown greatly in real time by demodulation with the reference signal that is produced.

Fig. 5 E is that explanation uses ensemble average to produce the figure of reference signal.Ensemble average also can be separately or is used in combination the past of the phase place that produces reception carrier signal and amplitude with one or more other technology and/or estimates in the future.Shown in Fig. 5 E, pilot data 510b, 510c, 510d and 510e are respectively at time slot (i-1), (i-2), (i-3) with (i-4) locate to be used to produce the straight line (or curve) 530 (for example, making the straight line or the curve of square minimum of the vertical some distance between pilot data and this straight line (or curve)) of the most suitable reception pilot data.Can produce reference signal according to straight line (or curve) 530 then.For example, reference signal can be with identical with straight line 530 slopes and represent from pilot data 510b (shown in Fig. 5 E) or from the terminal straight line 532 that continues or be connected to certain other point of straight line 530.Similar to Fig. 5 D, the weighting of pilot data can make nearest pilot data weight higher and make pilot data weight early lower.

Fig. 5 B illustrates to 5E can be used to produce the phase place that comprises reception carrier signal and some technology of estimating the reference signal of (that is, " prediction ") future of amplitude.Estimate the future that also can use other technology to produce phase place and amplitude and they within the scope of the present invention.

In certain embodiments, the phase place of reference signal and amplitude can define with (plural number) multinomial.For example, the single order multinomial can be used to linear interpolation and linear extrapolation.The single order multinomial P of reference signal (i j) can be represented as:

P (i, j)=a ₁(i) j+a ₀(i), equation (1) a wherein ₁(i) and a ₀(i) be polynomial coefficient and applicable to time slot i, symbol j is the chronomere's (for example, as described below, be unit with the code-element period) in the time slot i, (i is that the expression reference signal is at the phase place at the chronomere j place of time slot i and the sequence of complex numbers of amplitude j) to P.Coefficient a ₁(i) and a ₀(i) generally when receiving new pilot data, recomputated, but when the pilot data that is received is demoted (or unavailable), be reused (for example, being extrapolated to new time slot).

In an embodiment, reference signal comprises a series of plural numbers " reference symbols sn ", for each symbol time a reference symbols sn is arranged.The instantaneous phase and the amplitude of each reference symbols sn sign special code elementary time place reference signal.Reference table 1, each time slot comprises specific bit number, this number depends on the bit rate of time slot.A pair of bit is combined to form a complex symbol, so the code element number in each time slot is bit number half.For demodulation, it is one or more code elements that one or more physical channel receives at symbol time j place that the instantaneous phase of indication code elementary time j place reference signal and the reference symbols sn of amplitude are used to demodulation.The reference symbols sn number that produces for each time slot depends on specific time slot format, and in 5 code elements (for 15Kbps) to changing between 640 code elements (for 1920Kbps).In equation (1), thus symbol j for lowest order speed 15Kbps (0,1 ... 4) to for highest order speed 1920Kbps (0,1 ... 639) change between.

For linear extrapolation, the coefficient of equation (1) can be expressed as:

And

a ₀(i)=P (i-1) wherein P (i-1) and P (i-2) be respectively time slot (i-1) and the pilot data (i-2) located, they represent the phase place and the amplitude of reception carrier signal, T _{Time slot}Be duration (for example, the T of time slot _{Time slot}=5 ... or 640 code elements, depend on the bit rate of time slot).

The multinomial of higher-order can be used to other reference signal generation technique.For example, for the curve fitting technique that uses from the pilot data of four time slots, can define three rank multinomials represent reference signal P (i, j).Generally speaking, the N rank multinomial of reference signal can be expressed as: $\stackrel{\‾}{P}(i,j)=\underset{k=0}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{a}_k\left(i\right)\·j^k.$ The coefficient a of equation (2) equation (2) ₀(i), a ₁(i) ..., a _N(i) available above-mentioned arbitrary technology (for example, curve fit, average, or the like) determine.

Fig. 6 can be used to receive the also block diagram of the embodiment of the part receiver unit 600 of demodulation physical channel, and this physical channel is included in a physical channel that sends from many transmitting antennas by in the STTD pattern of W-CDMA standard definition.One or more RF modulated signals from one or more transmitting antenna are received and are provided for receiver (RCVR) 612 by antenna 610, this receiver is regulated (for example, amplification, filtering or the like) received signal and adjusted signal in orthogonal is down-converted to intermediate frequency (IF) or base band.Receiver 612 is also to sampling through the phase place of down-conversion and orthogonal signalling and quantizing to be provided for generation the sampling of reception of thunder gram (rake) receiver 620.Although the gram of thunder shown in Fig. 6 receiver is handled this physical channel, yet also can use other receiver structure and execution mode and they within the scope of the present invention.

In typical embodiment, received signal is to be higher than the spreading rate f of received signal _cSampling rate f _sBe sampled.For example, the spreading rate of IS-95 cdma system can be f _c=1.2288Mcps (being 3.84Mcps perhaps) for the W-CDMA system, but sampling rate can be, for example, 8 times (that is, 8 * chip) of spreading rate, 16 times (that is 16 * chips), 32 times (that is 32 * chips) or other multiple.Higher sampling rate allows regularly on channel position " amplification " to do meticulous adjusting.

As shown in Figure 6, thunder gram receiver 620 comprises that searcher element 622 and some finger element 630a are to 630n.Each of these elements all received sampling and carried out the task relevant with this element or by executing the task like that controller 640 is controlled from receiver 612.For example, controller 640 can instruct (or appointment) searcher element 622 to search for the strong example of received signal.Strong signal can be present in to be located when different partially, and can be sampled and identified by handling with different parameter (for example, different PN sign indicating number, inclined to one side when different, or the like) by searcher element 622.Can design searcher 622 handles corresponding to the data of search signal or the indication of Search Results offer controller 640.Controller 640 is by assisting determined such the strongest examples of specifying finger element 630 to come the demodulation received signal by searcher element 622.

As being controlled by controller 640, an example of 630 pairs of received signals of each appointed finger element when specific specify (that is, the signal at place) partially carries out the demodulation of a physical channel.Each appointed finger element 630 provides (for example, the S of recovery code element corresponding to appointed received signal example _A).Described in further detail below and produced the demodulation that has recovered code element.The recovery code element of all appointed finger elements 630 (for example, S _A, S _B..., S _N) then be provided for combiner 632 and be combined and can identify the complex symbol that has sent data to provide more.Code element through combination is represented the channel data that has recovered, and is provided for processing block (for example, decoder) subsequently.

U.S. Patent number 5764687, be entitled as " MOBILE DEMODULATOR ARCHITECTURE FOR ASPREAD SPECRUM MULTIPLE ACCESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM " and U.S. Patent number 5490165, be entitled as the design and the operation of the thunder gram receiver that cdma system has been described in further detail in the patent of " DEMODULATION ELEMENT ASSIGNMENT IN A SYSTEM CAPABLE OFRECEIVING MULTIPLE SIGNALS ", these two patents all are transferred to assignee of the present invention and incorporated herein by reference.

Although it is not shown in Figure 6 in order to simplify, yet each finger element also can comprise and calculates that the quality index (for example, average energy) of code element has been recovered at this finger element place and shield the lock detector that recovers code element from this finger element when this quality index does not exceed certain threshold level.Shielding has guaranteed to have only the finger element that receives the signal with sufficient intensity and reliability just can make contributions to array output, thereby has strengthened recovering the quality of code element.

Fig. 7 is the block diagram of embodiment that can be used to realize the finger element 700 of a finger element 630 among Fig. 6.This finger element also is known as restitution element.Be provided for multiplier 710 and go scrambling code PN to go scramble from the reception of receiver 612 sampling with plural number, this remove the scrambling code that scrambling code uses corresponding to the transmitter unit place and have be assigned to this finger element the time inclined to one side.

Sampling through going scramble comprises the data of all physical channels in the received signal.At the transmitter unit place, every physical channel with corresponding channelization code (for example, specific Walsh sign indicating number in the IS-95CDMA system, or specific ovsf code in the W-CDMA system) by channelizing to produce the data with the data quadrature of other physical channel.At the receiver unit place, in order to handle specific physical channel, the sampling through going scramble is provided for multiplier 712 and uses the channelization code C that is assigned to just processed physical channel _dThe covering (that is, multiplying each other) of making a return journey.

Be provided for accumulator 714 and at channelization code C from the output of multiplier 712 _dLength on added up to produce the code element of channelization.For example, if the bit rate of physical channel is 1.92Mbps, then accumulator 714 on the cycle of 4-chip to going to cover so that the code element of channelization to be provided from the sampling of multiplier 712.Under another extreme case, if the bit rate of physical channel is 7.5Kbps, then accumulator 714 went to cover so that the code element of channelization to be provided to sampling on the cycle of 512-chip.

At channelization code C _dUnder the condition of unknown (for example, for the shared physical channel in the W-CDMA system), can use " hypothesis " channelization code to handle to receive sampling producing intermediate object program (i.e. " channelizing sampling "), it can be stored and be further processed so that the code element of channelization to be provided behind the used actual channel coding of this physical channel having determined.Above-mentioned and the application submit on the same day, Application No. is to describe the section processes of this physical channel in 09/655609 the application in detail.

Turn around with reference to figure 4A, comprise time-multiplexed grouping, signaling and pilot data from the data of the channelization of accumulator 714.According to the W-CDMA sign, for closed loop mode 1, orthogonal guide frequency is used to two transmitting antennas.The orthogonal guide frequency of these two antennas is respectively by the different pilot code element mode W that uses definition in table 2 and the table 3 _P1And W _P2And produce.Therefore, at the receiver unit place, pilot code element mode by respectively by multiplier 720a and 720b with identical pilot code element mode W _P1And W _P2Multiply each other with the code element of channelization and be removed.Instantaneous phase and the amplitude of all representing the corresponding pilot tone in special code elementary time place from each plural pilot frequency code element of each multiplier 720a and 720b.Pilot frequency code element from multiplier 720a and 720b then is provided for corresponding pilot processor 722a and 722b.

Each pilot processor 722 receives the pilot frequency code element P of each time slot and produces reference signal P according to the pilot frequency code element from the front time slot.Reference table 1, the pilot field of particular time-slot can change to 16 bits (that is 8 code elements) from 2 bits (that is 1 code element).Therefore, each pilot processor 722 receives 1 to 8 code element of each time slot and the pilot frequency code element of each time slot is carried out filtering to produce one or more pilot frequency code elements through filtering.For example, each pilot processor 722 can be carried out filtering (for example, average) to the pilot frequency code element that receives in each time slot with the phase place of the pilot tone of this time slot of generation expression and a pilot frequency code element through filtering of amplitude.Perhaps, under another extreme case, each pilot processor 722 can not carried out any filtering to pilot frequency code element.

Each pilot processor 722 is also handled through the pilot tone of filtering to produce reference signal P.For example, for linear extrapolation, pilot processor 722 can according to two time slots (i-1) that take place recently and pilot data P (i-1) (i-2) and P (i-2) produce current time slots (i) reference signal P (i, j).Each pilot processor 722 also can produce this reference signal with curve fit, weighted average, ensemble average or other technology.

According to the W-CDMA standard, pilot data was sent out in the time-multiplexed time interval of being separated by grouping and signaling data.Therefore, the pilot data that has received is the filtered and processed one or more reference signal P that are used to demodulated packets and signaling data with generation with above-mentioned method ₁And P ₂(depending on mode of operation).Pilot data also can be provided for the Pilot detectors (DET) 738 that the quality index that receives pilot tone is provided.In specific execution mode, Pilot detectors 738 is measured and has been received the power of pilot tone and provide pilot quality to estimate P _Q

Reference signal P from pilot processor 722a and 722b ₁And P ₂And being provided for data recovery element 740 from the code element X of the channelization of accumulator 714, it carries out necessary calculating so that the code element of having recovered for the finger element generation.Data recovery process is described below.

Among Fig. 7, multiplier 720a and 720b and pilot processor 722a and 722b constitute the part of the pilot tone processing unit of finger element.For the mode of operation that pilot data wherein only is issued from an antenna, only need a pilot tone to handle path and can forbid other pilot tone to handle path.Multiplier 712 and accumulator 714 constitute the part of the data processing unit of finger element.

Reference signal is the estimation to the data institute modulated carrier signal that is launched place, machine unit.Because transmission delay and path loss, therefore the amplitude and the phase place of the modulated signal that has received change in time.These variations also can be reflected in the pilot tone, and are detected and estimation by reference signal.Therefore, reference signal is used to received signal is carried out coherent demodulation.

In the finger element of each appointment, the code element X of reference signal P and channelization (it is to receiving the estimation of " reality " signal X) can be expressed as:

P=(P _I, P _Q)=P _I+ jP _Q, and

X=(X _I, X _Q)=X _I+ jX _Q. for the code element of recovering to have sent, can carry out following operation:

Wherein S represents the code element recovered, e ^{The j pilot tone}Frequently be the phase place of pilot tone, (P X) is the dot product of P and X and equals (P point _IX _I+ P _QX _Q), (P X) is the cross product of P and X and equals (P point _IX _Q-P _QX _I).

The relative intensity that dot product and cross product are used the pilot tone of being estimated by reference signal P, received by specific finger element is carried out convergent-divergent to the code element X from the channelization of this finger element.Convergent-divergent is used to respectively contributing weighting effectively to make up from the finger element of appointment.Therefore, dot product is carried out the phase projection and the double action that refers to weighting as the characteristic of coherent rake receiver.U.S. Patent number is to have further described dot product calculating in 5764687 and 5490165 the patent.

Just processed physical channel can be issued from one or two antennas (for example, for the STTD pattern in the W-CDMA system).In addition, physical channel or available BPSK modulation (for example, for the IS-95 cdma system) or available QPSK modulation (for example, for the W-CDMA system) is modulated.

For BPSK modulation (for example, the IS-95CDMA system is used), cross product is noise item and is left in the basket that pilot phase is zero, that is, and and e ^{The j pilot tone}=(1+j0).Thereby the code element S that has recovered can be expressed as:

S _BPSK＝P _IX _I+P _QX _Q

=dot product (P, X)

For QPSK modulation (for example, the W-CDMA system is used), pilot phase is e ^{The j pilot tone}=(1+j).Thereby the code element S that has recovered can be expressed as: ${\stackrel{\‾}{S}}_{\mathrm{QPSK}}=[(P_I{X}_I+P_Q{X}_Q)+j(P_I{X}_Q-P_Q{X}_I)](1+j)$

In the STTD of W-CDMA standard pattern, for a physical channel, two RF modulated signals are issued from two antennas.The data that the data of sending from second antenna and first antenna send are identical but resequenced and get complex conjugate so that diversity to be provided.Thereby, S _A1Sequence of symhols { the S that expression is sent from first antenna ₀, S ₁, S ₂, S ₃..., and S _A2Sequence of symhols { the S that expression is sent from second antenna ₁ ^*, S ₀ ^*,-S ₃ ^*, S ₂ ^*....

Each RF modulated signal can be subjected to independent and different path loss.Actual received signal X is the weighted sum of these two RF modulated signals, and can be expressed as:

X＝αS _A1+βS _A2，

Wherein α and β are respectively the path loss from first and second transmitting antennas to reception antenna, and X is receiving symbol sequence { X ₀, X ₁, X ₂, X ₃....The code element that has received can be expressed as: $X_0=\mathrm{\&alpha;}{S}_0-\mathrm{\&beta;}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="A0181842400291.png,A0181842400303.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*},$ Equation (3) ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="X"\; filenames="A0181842400291.png,A0181842400303.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">X</figure-callout>}}_1=\mathrm{\&alpha;}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="A0181842400291.png,A0181842400303.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1+\mathrm{\&beta;}{S}_0^{*},$ Equation (4) ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="X"\; filenames="A0181842400303.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">X</figure-callout>}}_2=\mathrm{\&alpha;}{S}_2-\mathrm{\&beta;}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="A0181842400303.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*},$ And equation (5) ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="X"\; filenames="A0181842400303.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">X</figure-callout>}}_3=\mathrm{\&alpha;}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="A0181842400303.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3+\mathrm{\&beta;}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="A0181842400303.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}.$ Equation (6)

Associating equation (3) is to (6), the code element S that has recovered ₀And S ₁Can followingly be calculated: ${\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{S}}_0=K({\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{P}}_1{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{X}}_0+{{{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{P}}_2}^{*}\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{X}}_1),$ And ${\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{S}}_1=K(-{{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{P}}_2}^{*}{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{X}}_0+{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{P}}_1{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{X}}_1),$

Wherein K is a zoom factor, K=1/ (| α | ²+ | β | ²), X represents as the actual code element of the channelization of the estimation of receiving symbol X.Zoom factor K is used to earlier carrying out convergent-divergent from the code element of having recovered of various specified fingers, makes up these code elements then so that code element is reliably added higher weights.Above-mentioned and the application submit on the same day, U.S. Patent Application Serial Number is xx/xxxxxx[proxy records QCPA000442] patent application in the demodulation of W-CDMA system has been described in further detail.

Processing unit described herein (for example, multiplier 710,712 and 720, accumulator 714, pilot processor 722, data recovery element 740, controller 640 and other) can realize in various manners, such as application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) (ASIC), digital signal processor, microcontroller, microprocessor or other are designed to carry out the electronic circuit of function described herein.Equally, processing unit can be realized with the general or custom-designed processor of carrying out the instruction code that can realize function described herein.Therefore, processing unit described herein can be realized with hardware, software or their combination.

Memory cell can be realized with comprising as memory technologies such as random-access memory (ram), quickflashing (Flash) memories.Memory cell also can be used such as memory elements such as hard disk, CD-ROM drive and realize.Various other realizations of memory cell are feasible and within the scope of the present invention.

The description of above preferred embodiment makes those skilled in the art can make or use the present invention.The various modifications of these embodiment are conspicuous for a person skilled in the art, and Ding Yi General Principle can be applied among other embodiment and not use creativity here.Therefore, the embodiment that the present invention is not limited to illustrate here, and will meet and the principle and the novel feature the most wide in range consistent scope that disclose here.

Claims (23)

1. one kind produces the method for reference signal according to time-multiplexed pilot data, and described method is characterised in that and comprises:

Receive and handle modulated signal and receive sampling to provide;

Handle and received sampling so that pilot frequency code element to be provided; And

Produce reference signal according to available pilot frequency code element, wherein said reference signal comprises the pilot frequency code element of a series of predictions that estimate the future of one or more characteristics of one or more carrier signals of representing modulated signal.

2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described processing has received sampling and comprised

Go to cover with channelization code and received sampling so that the code element of channelization to be provided, and

Multiply by the generation pilot frequency code element with specific pilot code element mode mutually with the code element of channelization.

3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that also comprising:

Pilot frequency code element from each time interval is carried out filtering producing one or more pilot frequency code elements through filtering, and

Wherein said reference signal produces according to the available pilot frequency code element through filtering.

4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described reference signal produces by the pilot frequency code element of extrapolation from the front time interval.

5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described reference signal produces by the pilot frequency code element from preceding two time intervals of extrapolation linearly.

6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described reference signal produces by the pilot frequency code element of curve fit from the front time interval.

7. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described reference signal produces by average pilot frequency code element from the front time interval.

8. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described reference signal by with one group of weighted factor to from the pilot frequency code element weighting in the front time interval and on average produce through the pilot frequency code element of weighting.

9. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described reference signal produces by the pilot frequency code element of ensemble average from the front time interval.

10. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described time-multiplexed pilot data is available for the specific duration in each time interval.

11. method as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, the pilot frequency code element of the specific quantity described each time interval and from 1 to 8 scope is relevant.

12. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described reference signal is to represent with the phase place of one or more carrier signals and amplitude Estimation table.

13. the method according to time-multiplexed pilot data generation reference signal, described method is characterised in that and comprises:

Receive and handle modulated signal and receive sampling to provide;

Go to cover with channelization code and received sampling so that the code element of channelization to be provided;

Multiply by the generation pilot frequency code element with specific pilot code element mode mutually with the code element of channelization;

Pilot frequency code element from each time interval is carried out filtering to produce one or more pilot frequency code elements through filtering; And

Produce reference signal according to available pilot frequency code element with extrapolation, curve fit, average, weighted average or ensemble average, wherein said reference signal comprises the pilot frequency code element of a series of predictions of estimation in future of one or more characteristics of one or more carrier signals of represent modulated signal.

14. the method that the modulated signal that comprises time-multiplexed pilot data is carried out demodulation, described method is characterised in that:

Receive and handle modulated signal and receive sampling to provide;

Handle and received sampling so that the code element of pilot frequency code element and channelization to be provided;

Produce reference signal according to available pilot frequency code element, wherein said reference signal comprises the pilot frequency code element of representative to a series of predictions of the estimation in future of one or more characteristics of one or more carrier signals of modulated signal; And

With described reference signal the code element of channelization is carried out demodulation to produce the code element of having recovered.

15. method as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, described processing has received sampling and has comprised

Go to cover with channelization code and received sampling so that the code element of channelization to be provided,

Multiply by the generation pilot frequency code element with specific pilot code element mode mutually with the code element of channelization, and

Pilot frequency code element from each time interval is carried out filtering producing one or more pilot frequency code elements through filtering, and

Wherein said reference signal produces according to the available pilot frequency code element through filtering.

16. method as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, described processing has received sampling and has comprised

Go to cover with channelization code and received sampling so that the sampling of channelization to be provided, and

The sampling of the channelization that adds up on the channelization code of certain-length is to provide the code element of channelization.

17. method as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, described reference signal produces by available pilot frequency code element being carried out extrapolation, curve fit, average, weighted average or ensemble average.

18. method as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, described demodulation comprises

Dot product between the pilot frequency code element of predicting in the execution reference signal and the code element of channelization is to produce the code element of having recovered.

19. method as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, described demodulation comprises

Dot product between the pilot frequency code element of predicting in the execution reference signal and the code element of channelization,

Cross product between the pilot frequency code element of predicting in the execution reference signal and the code element of channelization, and

The result of combination dot product and cross product is to produce the code element of having recovered.

20. a receiver unit that is used for handling at cdma communication system physical channel is characterized in that comprising:

Be used to receive modulated signal and the receiver that receives sampling that is illustrated in the data that send on the physical channel is provided; And

Be coupled at least one demodulator element of described receiver, each demodulator element comprises

Data processing unit is used to receive and handle and has received sampling so that the code element of channelization to be provided, and

The pilot tone processing unit, be used to receive and handle received sampling so that the code element of channelization to be provided, and produce reference signal according to available pilot frequency code element, wherein said reference signal comprises the pilot frequency code element of representative to a series of predictions of one or more characteristics of the estimation in future of one or more carrier signals of modulated signal.

21. receiver unit as claimed in claim 20 is characterized in that, each demodulator element also comprises

Be coupled to the data recovery element of described data processing unit and described pilot tone processing unit, described data recovery element is used to receive the code element of reference signal and channelization and produces the code element of having recovered.

22. receiver unit as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that also comprising:

Be coupled to described at least one demodulator combination of elements device, be used to receive and make up the code element of having recovered from the demodulator element of one or more appointments to produce combined symbols.

23. receiver unit as claimed in claim 20 is characterized in that, described reference signal produces by available pilot frequency code element being carried out extrapolation, curve fit, average, weighted average or ensemble average.

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