CN1470168A - Chitooligosaccharide plant growth agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Chitooligosaccharide plant growth agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1470168A CN1470168A CNA031294642A CN03129464A CN1470168A CN 1470168 A CN1470168 A CN 1470168A CN A031294642 A CNA031294642 A CN A031294642A CN 03129464 A CN03129464 A CN 03129464A CN 1470168 A CN1470168 A CN 1470168A
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a plant growing promoter and the preparing method. It comprises chitlsan oligosaccharide, compound amino acid, micro nutritious element, complexing agent, surface active agent, etc. It can promote plant growth, activate plant cell, strengthen abilities of plant antivirus and pathogenic germs, strengthen plant anti-contradictoriness, promote plant to absorb nutrient, and improve the quality and output of the crop, besides without pollution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant growth substance and preparation method thereof, particularly a kind of plant growth substance that contains chitosan oligosaccharide and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Modern science studies show that plant not only absorbs nutriment with root, can also directly absorb from leaf, stalk cell.Can replenish crop alimentary quickly selectively to the crop fertilization of leaves.What crops were used is liquid fertile, and as foliage fertilizer, micro-liquid fertilizer, ammino acid liquid fertilizer etc., some aspect of these fertilizer is better than traditional fertilizer and single chemical fertilizer.But bring many negative effects owing to use in a large number for a long time, as the decline of soil compaction, crop yield and quality.Existing plant growth substance (as hormone, ABT root-inducing powder and the Gao Shimei etc.) overwhelming majority is a synthetics, and it can cause certain pollution to environment in use.Therefore, develop a kind of environment amenable " green " plant growth substance and be subjected to people's attention day by day.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of environment amenable " green " plant growth substance.It can promote plant growing, and the activation plant cell strengthens plant virus resistance, pathogen ability, strengthens the resistance of plant, promotes the plant absorbing nutrient, improves quality and yield and the environmentally safe of crops.
The said plant growth substance of the present invention comprises following component and content (content is in weight %)
Chitosan oligosaccharide 1-5%, compound amino acid 5-10%, micronutrient element 0.5-1%, complexing agent 2-5%, surfactant 0.1-0.5%, surplus is a water, adds to 100%.Wherein: said chitosan oligosaccharide is made through enzyme process hydrolysis in acid solution by N-amino-D-glucan, and wherein the mean molecule quantity of chitosan oligosaccharide salt is 500-3000; Compound amino acid by the hydrochloric acid hydrolysis liquid of feather (Wu Huachang, yellow ring. the research of compound amino acid is produced in the feather hydrolysis. Sichuan Light Chemical Engineering College's journal, 2001,14 (4): 37-40) obtain through the extraction deacidification; Micronutrient element comprises iron, zinc, copper, molybdenum and boron; Complexing agent is a disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate; Surfactant is dodecyl sodium sulfate or TritonX.Complexing agent and surfactant are commercially available product.
Preferred ingredients and content (weight %) are:
Chitosan oligosaccharide 2%, compound amino acid 5%, micronutrient element are 0.5%, complexing agent 3%, surfactant 0.3%, surplus is a water, adds to 100%.
The preparation method of the said plant growth substance of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) preparation of chitosan oligosaccharide:
Shitosan (N-amino-D-glucan) is dissolved in the 2-10% aqueous acetic acid, the weight ratio of shitosan and acetic acid is 1: 0.5-2, under stirring, add hydrolase, the weight ratio of hydrolase and shitosan is 0.01-0.1: 1, preferred hydrolase is a α-Dian Fenmei, at 35-80 ℃ of reaction 1-24h, make chitosan oligosaccharide acetate solution;
(2) composite:
Promptly get the said plant growth substance of the present invention after will mixing stirring by said ratio by chitosan oligosaccharide acetate solution, compound amino acid, micronutrient element salt, complexing agent, surfactant and the water of step (1) gained.
The using method of the said plant growth substance of the present invention is such:
Dilute with water 300-800 doubly is sprayed on the plant leaf surface during use, or pouring, soaks seed and dip in root etc.
The said plant growth substance of the present invention has following advantage:
1, belongs to nontoxic, pollution-free green preparation, help environmental protection.
2, contain amino acid whose compound amino acid more than 17 kinds, and with the complexing of micronutrient element chelating, not only have the advantage of fertilizer, and can promote the growth of plant, improve output, improve quality.This product can activate the Mechanism of Physiological and Biochemical of plant, impels its well developed root system, and cauline leaf is sturdy, improves to absorb water, fertile ability and photosynthesis etc., can significantly improve the output of crops, improves product quality greatly.Facts have proved: crop yield can improve 10%-70%, the fruit light, full, mouthfeel good, good looking appearance, sugariness increases.
3, the chitosan oligosaccharide active substances of making a living in this product can suppress growth of pathogenic bacteria.This product can be induced pathogenesis-related proteins, and the accumulation secondary metabolite makes plant produce a large amount of resistance materials, as hydrolases such as phenylalnine ammonialyase, glucan glycosides enzyme, chitin enzymes, improves plant resistance to environment stress.Early stage use can improve disease resistance of plant, is used for diseases prevention, and the available this product in plant morbidity back is cured the disease.
4, this product can strengthen crop anti-adversity.It all has good action to aspects such as the cold resistance of plant, drought resisting, anti-fertilizer damage, anti-nutrient imbalances.Meeting chilling injury during betel, when meet with arid vegetative period, when improper fertilization is subjected to fertilizer damage and environmental pollution and comes to harm,, obtain satisfactory result as plant if in time use this product can recover the normal growing way of plant rapidly.
5, this product has remarkable regulatory function to the activity of edaphon and enzyme, has the bacteriostasis of wide spectrum, can obviously improve the microbial environment of soil, also has moisture-keeping functions.Therefore have the effect of improving the soil, make soil be suitable for plant growth.
6, under the normal growth situation of plant, use this product, can make the crops ripen in advance usually seven to ten days.Equally, also can make prolong seven to ten days the harvest time of crops.
7, have good moisture preserving and good non-oxidizability, not only can suppress the bacterium of fruit surface, can also resist the intrusion of outside germ, reach the anti-corrosive fresh-keeping effect.As the melon and fruit freshness date, can prolong seven to ten days.
8, widely applicable.This product can be widely used in fruits and vegetables, as cucumber, romaine lettuce, watermelon etc., and grain class crop, as paddy rice, soybean, wheat, and special product, as tealeaves, tobacco etc., flowers class such as orchid, ivyleaf cyclamen etc.The small size test shows: cucumber seedling can obviously prolong the fruiting period of cucumber after this product is handled, the smoothness of fruit and shape are also better.The cucumber of enduring cold is after this product is handled, and its growing way is significantly better than the blank product; Cucumber caught an illness in vegetative period, and the plant disease resistance that this product was handled obviously strengthens, and reduced the incidence of disease more than 50%; The fruits comparable blank of handling picking time is 3～5d in advance, and output improves more than 20%.Romaine lettuce is handled through this product can improve output more than 14%; Cabbage can be improved output 23% after this product is handled; Custard squash is handled through this product can improve output 28%; The branch of snapdragon and flame nettle can promote their cuttage rootings and root growth through this product immersion treatment.The goldfish grass roots is long to increase by 12%, and root heavily increases by 10%.The flame nettle root is long to increase by 11%, and root heavily increases by 13%.
Embodiment
With the field experiment be below example the invention will be further described, but the cited case does not limit the range of application of plant growth substance of the present invention:
Embodiment 1
The preparation of chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance:
100g shitosan (N-amino-D-glucan) is dissolved in 2.5 L, 2% aqueous acetic acid, adds α-Dian Fenmei 10g under stirring, at 50 ℃ of reaction 6h, in 95 ℃ of heating 15min, micro-filtration is made chitosan oligosaccharide acetate solution; In 2.5L 10% compounded amino acid mother liquor, add micronutrient element iron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, boron, calcium, magnesium salts, preparing each micronutrient element content is the solution of 100 μ g/L, add complexing agent disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 150g, stir 10min, add chitosan oligosaccharide acetate solution 2.5L again, stir 10min, it is 0.1% that adding surfactant TritonX makes its content, stirs 10min.
Embodiment 2
The chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance is to the influence of cucumber growth and output:
When cucumber grows to 2 true leaves, seedling is colonizated in substrate grooves, carries out soilless culture.Because the same day and the next day of field planting are attacked by cold air, growth of seedling is suppressed.When cucumber seedling grows to 3-4 sheet true leaf, the chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance that sprays 500 times of dilutions on the blade face, up to drop till the blade face drips.Spray once triplicate week about.Without the cucumber seedling that handle seedling stage, treat that plant enters the setting phase of blooming, when the true leaf number is 10 left and right sides, sprays the chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance of 500 times of dilutions and handle, spray once triplicate week about.
Cucumber seedling can obviously improve the fruiting period of cucumber after the chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance is handled, the cucumber that the cucumber that cucumber seedling is grown of spray handling through the chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance obviously grows greater than the cucumber seedling that sprays processing with clear water, and the smoothness of fruit and shape are also better.After spraying chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance 20d, the chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance sees Table 1 to the influence of cucumber growing way and cucumber yield.A, b represent different cucumber varieties respectively, and 1 through the processing of chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance, and 2 is reference substance.
Table 1 chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance is grown growth rate leaf width of cloth growth rate to plant newly-increased growth rate plant height growth rate leaf every day that influences of cucumber growth
The number of blade (cm) is (cm) Pardos (cm)
a1 0.45 72.8 64.6 0.863Pardos2 0.39 15.3% 44.2 64.7% 50.6,27.7% 0.836 3.2%Cretex
b1 0.45 43.6 53.4 0.927Cretex2 0.42 7.5% 37.7 15.6% 47.7 11.9% 0.813 14.0%
Cucumber infects downy mildew at growing period, sees Table 2 with the observed data behind 300 times of sprinkling processing of chitosan oligosaccharide plant growing dilution agent 10d, and wherein 1 through the processing of chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance; 2 is reference substance.Spray the basic state of an illness of eliminating cucumber after three times.Table 3 is the data of 70d after the field planting, wherein 1 handles seedling stage through the chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance, and 2 handled through chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substances setting phase of blooming, and 3 is reference substance.
Table 2 Chioligose plant grow-promotor is counted the number of blade that growth rate infects and is reduced the percentage infection rate and reduce percentage Pardos1 7.1 39.9% 0.6 50.0% 41.7% 46.6%Pardos2 5.1 1.2 88.3%Cretex1 6.3 43.2% 0.57 66.5% 43.3% 53.4%Cretex2 4.4 1.7 96.7% the plant greenery that affect of Disease Resistance of Cucumber
Table 3 chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance is to the every strain increase of production of the every strain number of results of the plant growth rate cucumber substance growth rate rate that influences of cucumber yield
(g) (g)Pardos1 5.01 25％ 218 3.9％ 1092 29.5％Pardos2 5.67 42％ 222 5.5％ 1261 49.5％Pardos3 4.0 - 210 - 843 -Cretex1 4.52 34％ 219 3.5％ 991 38.8％Cretex2 4.43 32％ 218 3.1％ 968 35.6％Cretex3 3.37 212 714
The cucumber of enduring cold as can be seen from table 2, table 3 is after the chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance is handled, and its growing way is significantly better than the blank product; Cucumber infects downy mildew in vegetative period, the plant disease resistance that the chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance was handled obviously strengthens; The fruits comparable blank of handling picking time is 3～5d in advance, and output is also apparently higher than reference substance.The chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance has growth promoting function to cucumber, mainly be because the chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance has certain bacteriostasis and activating cell effect, can suppress pathogen growth, use the plant resistance of chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance to strengthen simultaneously, this is the embodiment of chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance inducing anti-disease.
Embodiment 3
The chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance is to the influence of romaine lettuce growth and output:
Seedling is delayed in the romaine lettuce field planting, when seedling grows to 3-4 sheet true leaf, the chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance product that sprays 500 times of dilutions on the blade face, up to drop till the blade face drips.If handle, three groups of clear water contrast and blanks, every group is repeated for three times, and every sub-district area is 15m
2, seeding row spacing is 18cm * 20cm, 400 strains are planted in every sub-district.Spray once every 10d, repeat four times.
Romaine lettuce growing way blank and that handled shows, handles the no tangible growing way difference in back for the first time, but through after twice processing, obviously is better than clear water processing and blank with the romaine lettuce growing way of chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance processing.The plant of handling with the chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance all obviously is better than the plant leaf that control treatment is crossed from degree of development, blade face number and leaf area, is paved with ground substantially, and the spacing that contrasts every row also clearly.
Every sub-district is got 30 strain romaine lettuce at random and is carried out weighing (table 4).The result shows output that the chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance handles romaine lettuce apparently higher than blank and clear water contrast, and blank and clear water contrast that then difference is not remarkable.
Table 4 shitosan influences processing mode romaine lettuce output, Kg growth rate, % chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance 7.23 15 to romaine lettuce output
Blank 6.21
Clear water contrast 6.58
Embodiment 4
The chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance is to the control of pepper virus disease: test is carried out in Sun Qiao modern agriculture development zone, the Shanghai monomer pipe canopy of autumn stubble capsicum.Respectively the chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance is sprayed on the crop blade face after with 400,600,800 times of dilutions, up to drop till the blade face drips.If processing, clear water contrast 2 groups, every group of 3 repetition, every sub-district area is 30m
2Sprayed 1 time every 10 days, repeat 3 times.Sprinkling opportunity is that seedling grows to 3～4 true leaves or plant enters when blooming setting phase or their early stage.At vegetables statistical experiment harvest time cell production, calculate volume increase ratio (table 5).With the raising of chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance extension rate, its preventive effect descends.Same spraying medicine concentration, its preventive effect of different spraying times are also different, the preventive effect that dispenser is three times be better than dispenser once with the control efficiency of secondary.Use each concentration processing of chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance and have different rate of growths.
Table 5 chitosan oligosaccharide plant growth substance sprays to spray for 1 time to the control efficiency of pepper virus disease dilution rate of growth and sprays the control of 3 multiples (%) incidence of disease control efficiency incidence of disease for 2 times and imitate incidence of disease control efficiency
(%), (%), (%) really, (%), (%), (%) 400 * 24.8 14.6 71.7 15.8 76.8 16.7 80.4600 * 22.9 16.4 69.0 18.7 73.5 19.5 77.9800 * 19.3 19.2 55.6 21.3 60.4 24.3 65.3CK 54.1 56.7 57.3
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